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//! This crate allows running a process with resource limits, such as a running
//! time, and the option to terminate it automatically afterward. The latter is
//! surprisingly difficult to achieve on Unix, since process identifiers can be
//! arbitrarily reassigned when no longer used. Thus, it would be extremely
//! easy to inadvertently terminate an unexpected process. This crate protects
//! against that possibility.
//!
//! Methods for setting limits are available on [`ChildExt`], which is
//! implemented for [`Child`]. They each return a builder of options to
//! configure how the limit should be applied.
//!
//! <div class="warning">
//!
//! This crate should not be used for security. There are many ways that a
//! process can bypass resource limits. The limits are only intended for simple
//! restriction of harmless processes.
//!
//! </div>
//!
//! # Features
//!
//! These features are optional and can be enabled or disabled in a
//! "Cargo.toml" file.
//!
//! ### Optional Features
//!
//! - **parking\_lot** -
//! Changes the implementation to use crate [parking\_lot] on targets missing
//! some syscalls. This feature will reduce the likelihood of resource
//! starvation for those targets.
//!
//! # Implementation
//!
//! All traits are [sealed], meaning that they can only be implemented by this
//! crate. Otherwise, backward compatibility would be more difficult to
//! maintain for new features.
//!
//! # Comparable Crates
//!
//! - [wait-timeout] -
//! Made for a related purpose but does not provide the same functionality.
//! Processes cannot be terminated automatically, and there is no counterpart
//! of [`ChildExt::controlled_with_output`] to read output while setting a
//! timeout. This crate aims to fill in those gaps and simplify the
//! implementation, now that [`Receiver::recv_timeout`] exists.
//!
//! # Examples
//!
//! ```
//! use std::io;
//! use std::process::Command;
//! use std::process::Stdio;
//! use std::time::Duration;
//!
//! use process_control::ChildExt;
//! use process_control::Control;
//!
//! let message = "hello world";
//! let process = Command::new("echo")
//! .arg(message)
//! .stdout(Stdio::piped())
//! .spawn()?;
//!
//! let output = process
//! .controlled_with_output()
//! .time_limit(Duration::from_secs(1))
//! .terminate_for_timeout()
//! .wait()?
//! .ok_or_else(|| {
//! io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::TimedOut, "Process timed out")
//! })?;
//! assert!(output.status.success());
//! assert_eq!(message.as_bytes(), &output.stdout[..message.len()]);
//! #
//! # Ok::<_, io::Error>(())
//! ```
//!
//! [parking\_lot]: https://crates.io/crates/parking_lot
//! [`Receiver::recv_timeout`]: ::std::sync::mpsc::Receiver::recv_timeout
//! [sealed]: https://rust-lang.github.io/api-guidelines/future-proofing.html#c-sealed
//! [wait-timeout]: https://crates.io/crates/wait-timeout
// Only require a nightly compiler when building documentation for docs.rs.
// This is a private option that should not be used.
// https://github.com/rust-lang/docs.rs/issues/147#issuecomment-389544407
#![cfg_attr(process_control_docs_rs, feature(doc_cfg))]
#![warn(unused_results)]
use std::fmt;
use std::fmt::Debug;
use std::fmt::Display;
use std::fmt::Formatter;
use std::io;
#[cfg(any(doc, unix))]
use std::os::raw::c_int;
use std::process;
use std::process::Child;
use std::str;
use std::time::Duration;
mod control;
#[cfg_attr(unix, path = "unix/mod.rs")]
#[cfg_attr(windows, path = "windows/mod.rs")]
mod imp;
macro_rules! r#impl {
( $short_name:ident , $long_cfg:expr , ) => {
const _: () = assert!(
cfg!($short_name) == $long_cfg,
concat!(
"The configuration option '",
stringify!($short_name),
"' is private.",
),
);
};
}
r#impl!(
process_control_memory_limit,
cfg!(any(
target_os = "android",
all(
target_os = "linux",
any(target_env = "gnu", target_env = "musl"),
),
windows,
)),
);
r#impl!(
process_control_unix_waitid,
cfg!(not(any(
target_os = "espidf",
target_os = "horizon",
target_os = "openbsd",
target_os = "redox",
target_os = "tvos",
target_os = "vxworks",
))),
);
type WaitResult<T> = io::Result<Option<T>>;
#[rustfmt::skip]
macro_rules! unix_method {
( $method:ident , $return_type:ty ) => {
#[doc = concat!(
"Equivalent to [`ExitStatusExt::",
stringify!($method),
"`][method].
[method]: ::std::os::unix::process::ExitStatusExt::",
stringify!($method),
)]
#[cfg(any(doc, unix))]
#[cfg_attr(process_control_docs_rs, doc(cfg(unix)))]
#[inline]
#[must_use]
pub fn $method(&self) -> $return_type {
self.0.$method()
}
};
}
/// Equivalent to [`process::ExitStatus`] but allows for greater accuracy.
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
#[must_use]
pub struct ExitStatus(imp::ExitStatus);
impl ExitStatus {
/// Equivalent to [`process::ExitStatus::success`].
#[inline]
#[must_use]
pub fn success(self) -> bool {
self.0.success()
}
/// Equivalent to [`process::ExitStatus::code`], but a more accurate value
/// will be returned if possible.
#[inline]
#[must_use]
pub fn code(self) -> Option<i64> {
self.0.code().map(Into::into)
}
unix_method!(continued, bool);
unix_method!(core_dumped, bool);
unix_method!(signal, Option<c_int>);
unix_method!(stopped_signal, Option<c_int>);
}
impl AsMut<Self> for ExitStatus {
#[inline]
fn as_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self {
self
}
}
impl AsRef<Self> for ExitStatus {
#[inline]
fn as_ref(&self) -> &Self {
self
}
}
impl Display for ExitStatus {
#[inline]
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
Display::fmt(&self.0, f)
}
}
impl From<process::ExitStatus> for ExitStatus {
#[inline]
fn from(value: process::ExitStatus) -> Self {
Self(value.into())
}
}
/// Equivalent to [`process::Output`] but holds an instance of [`ExitStatus`]
/// from this crate.
#[derive(Clone, Eq, PartialEq)]
#[must_use]
pub struct Output {
/// Equivalent to [`process::Output::status`].
pub status: ExitStatus,
/// Equivalent to [`process::Output::stdout`].
pub stdout: Vec<u8>,
/// Equivalent to [`process::Output::stderr`].
pub stderr: Vec<u8>,
}
impl AsMut<ExitStatus> for Output {
#[inline]
fn as_mut(&mut self) -> &mut ExitStatus {
&mut self.status
}
}
impl AsRef<ExitStatus> for Output {
#[inline]
fn as_ref(&self) -> &ExitStatus {
&self.status
}
}
struct DebugBuffer<'a>(&'a [u8]);
impl Debug for DebugBuffer<'_> {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
f.write_str("\"")?;
let mut string = self.0;
while !string.is_empty() {
let mut invalid = &b""[..];
let valid = str::from_utf8(string).unwrap_or_else(|error| {
let (valid, string) = string.split_at(error.valid_up_to());
let invalid_length =
error.error_len().unwrap_or_else(|| string.len());
invalid = &string[..invalid_length];
// SAFETY: This slice was validated to be UTF-8.
unsafe { str::from_utf8_unchecked(valid) }
});
Display::fmt(&valid.escape_debug(), f)?;
string = &string[valid.len()..];
for byte in invalid {
write!(f, "\\x{:02X}", byte)?;
}
string = &string[invalid.len()..];
}
f.write_str("\"")
}
}
impl Debug for Output {
#[inline]
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
f.debug_struct("Output")
.field("status", &self.status)
.field("stdout", &DebugBuffer(&self.stdout))
.field("stderr", &DebugBuffer(&self.stderr))
.finish()
}
}
impl From<process::Output> for Output {
#[inline]
fn from(value: process::Output) -> Self {
Self {
status: value.status.into(),
stdout: value.stdout,
stderr: value.stderr,
}
}
}
impl From<Output> for ExitStatus {
#[inline]
fn from(value: Output) -> Self {
value.status
}
}
/// A temporary wrapper for process limits.
#[must_use]
pub trait Control: private::Sealed {
/// The type returned by [`wait`].
///
/// [`wait`]: Self::wait
type Result;
/// Sets the total virtual memory limit for the process in bytes.
///
/// If the process attempts to allocate memory in excess of this limit, the
/// allocation will fail. The type of failure will depend on the platform,
/// and the process might terminate if it cannot handle it.
///
/// Small memory limits are safe, but they might prevent the operating
/// system from starting the process.
#[cfg(any(doc, process_control_memory_limit))]
#[cfg_attr(
process_control_docs_rs,
doc(cfg(any(
target_os = "android",
all(
target_os = "linux",
any(target_env = "gnu", target_env = "musl"),
),
windows,
)))
)]
#[must_use]
fn memory_limit(self, limit: usize) -> Self;
/// Sets the total time limit for the process in milliseconds.
///
/// A process that exceeds this limit will not be terminated unless
/// [`terminate_for_timeout`] is called.
///
/// [`terminate_for_timeout`]: Self::terminate_for_timeout
#[must_use]
fn time_limit(self, limit: Duration) -> Self;
/// Causes [`wait`] to never suppress an error.
///
/// Typically, errors terminating the process will be ignored, as they are
/// often less important than the result. However, when this method is
/// called, those errors will be returned as well.
///
/// [`wait`]: Self::wait
#[must_use]
fn strict_errors(self) -> Self;
/// Causes the process to be terminated if it exceeds the time limit.
///
/// Process identifier reuse by the system will be mitigated. There should
/// never be a scenario that causes an unintended process to be terminated.
#[must_use]
fn terminate_for_timeout(self) -> Self;
/// Runs the process to completion, aborting if it exceeds the time limit.
///
/// At least one additional thread might be created to wait on the process
/// without blocking the current thread.
///
/// If the time limit is exceeded before the process finishes, `Ok(None)`
/// will be returned. However, the process will not be terminated in that
/// case unless [`terminate_for_timeout`] is called beforehand. It is
/// recommended to always call that method to allow system resources to be
/// freed.
///
/// The stdin handle to the process, if it exists, will be closed before
/// waiting. Otherwise, the process would assuredly time out when reading
/// from that pipe.
///
/// This method cannot guarantee that the same [`io::ErrorKind`] variants
/// will be returned in the future for the same types of failures. Allowing
/// these breakages is required to enable calling [`Child::kill`]
/// internally.
///
/// [`terminate_for_timeout`]: Self::terminate_for_timeout
fn wait(self) -> WaitResult<Self::Result>;
}
/// Extensions to [`Child`] for easily terminating processes.
///
/// For more information, see [the module-level documentation][module].
///
/// [module]: self
pub trait ChildExt<'a>: private::Sealed {
/// The type returned by [`controlled`].
///
/// [`controlled`]: Self::controlled
type ExitStatusControl: 'a + Control<Result = ExitStatus> + Debug;
/// The type returned by [`controlled_with_output`].
///
/// [`controlled_with_output`]: Self::controlled_with_output
type OutputControl: Control<Result = Output> + Debug;
/// Equivalent to [`Child::kill`] but ignores errors when the process is no
/// longer running.
///
/// Windows and Unix errors are inconsistent when terminating processes.
/// This method unifies them by simulating Unix behavior on Windows.
///
/// *This method is no longer necessary, as the standard library has been
/// [updated] to perform the same unification.*
///
/// [updated]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/112594
#[deprecated(since = "4.1.0", note = "use `Child::kill` instead")]
fn terminate_if_running(&mut self) -> io::Result<()>;
/// Creates an instance of [`Control`] that yields [`ExitStatus`] for this
/// process.
///
/// This method parallels [`Child::wait`] but allows setting limits on the
/// process.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// # use std::io;
/// use std::process::Command;
/// use std::time::Duration;
///
/// use process_control::ChildExt;
/// use process_control::Control;
///
/// let exit_status = Command::new("echo")
/// .spawn()?
/// .controlled()
/// .time_limit(Duration::from_secs(1))
/// .terminate_for_timeout()
/// .wait()?
/// .expect("process timed out");
/// assert!(exit_status.success());
/// #
/// # Ok::<_, io::Error>(())
/// ```
#[must_use]
fn controlled(&'a mut self) -> Self::ExitStatusControl;
/// Creates an instance of [`Control`] that yields [`Output`] for this
/// process.
///
/// This method parallels [`Child::wait_with_output`] but allows setting
/// limits on the process.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// # use std::io;
/// use std::process::Command;
/// use std::time::Duration;
///
/// use process_control::ChildExt;
/// use process_control::Control;
///
/// let output = Command::new("echo")
/// .spawn()?
/// .controlled_with_output()
/// .time_limit(Duration::from_secs(1))
/// .terminate_for_timeout()
/// .wait()?
/// .expect("process timed out");
/// assert!(output.status.success());
/// #
/// # Ok::<_, io::Error>(())
/// ```
#[must_use]
fn controlled_with_output(self) -> Self::OutputControl;
}
impl<'a> ChildExt<'a> for Child {
type ExitStatusControl = control::Buffer<&'a mut Self>;
type OutputControl = control::Buffer<Self>;
#[inline]
fn terminate_if_running(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> {
self.kill()
}
#[inline]
fn controlled(&'a mut self) -> Self::ExitStatusControl {
Self::ExitStatusControl::new(self)
}
#[inline]
fn controlled_with_output(self) -> Self::OutputControl {
Self::OutputControl::new(self)
}
}
mod private {
use std::process::Child;
use super::control;
pub trait Sealed {}
impl Sealed for Child {}
impl<P> Sealed for control::Buffer<P> where P: control::Process {}
}