1
  2
  3
  4
  5
  6
  7
  8
  9
 10
 11
 12
 13
 14
 15
 16
 17
 18
 19
 20
 21
 22
 23
 24
 25
 26
 27
 28
 29
 30
 31
 32
 33
 34
 35
 36
 37
 38
 39
 40
 41
 42
 43
 44
 45
 46
 47
 48
 49
 50
 51
 52
 53
 54
 55
 56
 57
 58
 59
 60
 61
 62
 63
 64
 65
 66
 67
 68
 69
 70
 71
 72
 73
 74
 75
 76
 77
 78
 79
 80
 81
 82
 83
 84
 85
 86
 87
 88
 89
 90
 91
 92
 93
 94
 95
 96
 97
 98
 99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
#![forbid(unsafe_code)]
#![warn(missing_docs, unused_qualifications)]
#![cfg_attr(docs_rs, feature(doc_cfg))]
#![no_std]

//! # PrivateBox
//!
//! PrivateBox provides a small and easy to use API to encrypt your data.
//! It is meant to do one thing, be a simple wrapper and validator around the RustCrypto XChaCha20Poly1305 AEAD encryption algorithm.
//!
//! PrivateBox is inspired/based off of [Cocoon](https://github.com/fadeevab/cocoon/blob/master/README.md).
//! PrivateBox is meant to be a smaller API, more flexible with associated data, and uses XChaCha for random nonces.
//! ## Generating a key
//!
//! The examples just use array generation for the key to keep the code duplication down. However, keys should be random or pseudo-random (aka derived from something like a password).
//!
//! Example:
//!
//! ```
//! use rand_core::{OsRng, RngCore};
//!
//! let mut key = [0u8; 32];
//! OsRng.fill_bytes(&mut key);
//! ```
//!
//! ## Detached Encryption/Decryption
//!
//! The [`PrivateBox::encrypt_detached`]/[`PrivateBox::decrypt_detached`] methods compute in place to avoid re-allocations.
//! It returns a prefix (the nonce and tag) that is used for decryption.
//! This is suitable for a `no_std` build, when you want to avoid re-allocations of data,
//! and if you want to manage serialization yourself.
//!
//! Example:
//!
//! ```
//! # use privatebox::{PrivateBox, PrivateBoxError};
//! # use rand_core::OsRng;
//! #
//! # fn main() -> Result<(), PrivateBoxError> {
//! let mut privatebox = PrivateBox::new(&[1;32], OsRng); 
//!
//! let mut message = *b"secret data";
//! let assoc_data = *b"plain text";
//!
//! let detached_prefix = privatebox.encrypt_detached(&mut message, &assoc_data)?;
//! assert_ne!(&message, b"secret data");
//!
//! privatebox.decrypt_detached(&mut message, &assoc_data, &detached_prefix)?;
//! assert_eq!(&message, b"secret data");
//! # Ok(())
//! # }
//! ```
//!
//! ## PrivateBox Container
//! 
//! The [`PrivateBox::encrypt`]/[`PrivateBox::decrypt`] methods handle serialization for you and returns a container.
//! It enables the use of both attached associated data and detached associated data.
//! It is much simpler to use than detached encryption/decryption.
//! It uses the `alloc` feature (enabled by default).
//! 
//! Example:
//! 
//! ```
//! # use privatebox::{PrivateBox, PrivateBoxError};
//! # use rand_core::OsRng;
//! #
//! # fn main() -> Result<(), PrivateBoxError> {
//! let mut privatebox = PrivateBox::new(&[1; 32], OsRng);
//! 
//! let header = &[5, 4, 3, 2];
//! let metadata = &[3, 3, 3];
//! 
//! let wrapped = privatebox.encrypt(b"secret data", header, metadata).expect("encrypt");
//! let (message, authenticated_header) = privatebox.decrypt(&wrapped, metadata).expect("decrypt");
//! 
//! assert_eq!(message, b"secret data");
//! assert_eq!(&authenticated_header, header);
//! # Ok(())
//! # }
//! ```
//! 

use rand_core::RngCore;
use chacha20poly1305::{XChaCha20Poly1305, XNonce, Key, Tag};
use chacha20poly1305::aead::{NewAead, AeadInPlace};
use zeroize::Zeroizing;
use core::convert::{TryFrom, TryInto};
use core::usize;

#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
extern crate alloc;
#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
use alloc::vec::Vec;

/// Max size of message and header byte array
pub const MAX_DATA_SIZE: usize = 8;
/// Size of XChaCha nonce
pub const NONCE_SIZE: usize = 24;
/// Size of authentication tag
pub const TAG_SIZE: usize = 16;
/// Size of encryption key
pub const KEY_SIZE: usize = 32;
/// Size of detached prefix
pub const PREFIX_SIZE: usize = NONCE_SIZE + TAG_SIZE;

/// Error variants provided by the PrivateBox API
#[derive(Debug)]
pub enum PrivateBoxError {
    /// Cryptographic error. Integrity is compromised
    Cryptography,
    /// Format is corrupted
    UnrecognizedFormat,
    /// Message size is too large to be processed by architecture
    MessageTooLarge,
    /// Header size is too large to be processed by architecture
    HeaderTooLarge,
}

#[derive(Debug)]
struct PrivateBoxDataSizes {
    header_size: usize,
    message_size: usize,
}
impl PrivateBoxDataSizes {
    const SIZE: usize = MAX_DATA_SIZE + MAX_DATA_SIZE;

    fn new (header_size: usize, message_size: usize) -> Self {
        PrivateBoxDataSizes { header_size, message_size }
    }

    fn header_size(&self) -> usize {
        self.header_size
    }

    fn message_size(&self) -> usize {
        self.message_size
    }

    fn serialize(&self) -> [u8; Self::SIZE] {
        let mut buf = [0u8; Self::SIZE];
        self.serialize_into(&mut buf);
        buf
    }

    fn serialize_into(&self, buf: &mut [u8; Self::SIZE]) {
        let header = u64::try_from(self.header_size).expect("Header too large").to_be_bytes();
        let message = u64::try_from(self.message_size).expect("Message too large").to_be_bytes();
        buf[..MAX_DATA_SIZE].copy_from_slice(&header);
        buf[MAX_DATA_SIZE..Self::SIZE].copy_from_slice(&message);
    }

    fn deserialize(start: &[u8]) -> Result<Self, PrivateBoxError> {
        if start.len() < Self::SIZE {
            return Err(PrivateBoxError::UnrecognizedFormat);
        }

        let mut header_size = [0u8; MAX_DATA_SIZE];
        header_size.copy_from_slice(&start[..MAX_DATA_SIZE]);
        let header_size = u64::from_be_bytes(header_size)
            .try_into()
            .map_err(|_| PrivateBoxError::HeaderTooLarge)?;

        let mut message_size = [0u8; MAX_DATA_SIZE];
        message_size.copy_from_slice(&start[MAX_DATA_SIZE..Self::SIZE]);
        let message_size = u64::from_be_bytes(message_size)
            .try_into()
            .map_err(|_| PrivateBoxError::MessageTooLarge)?;
        
        Ok(PrivateBoxDataSizes { header_size, message_size })
    }
}

#[derive(Debug)]
struct PrivateBoxPrefix {
    nonce: XNonce,
    tag: Tag,
}
impl PrivateBoxPrefix {
    const SIZE: usize = PREFIX_SIZE;

    fn new (nonce: XNonce, tag: Tag) -> Self {
        PrivateBoxPrefix { nonce, tag }
    }

    fn nonce(&self) -> &XNonce {
        &self.nonce
    }

    fn tag(&self) -> &Tag {
        &self.tag
    }

    fn serialize(&self) -> [u8; Self::SIZE] {
        let mut buf =  [0u8; Self::SIZE];
        self.serialize_into(&mut buf);
        buf
    }

    fn serialize_into(&self, buf: &mut [u8]) {
        debug_assert!(buf.len() >= Self::SIZE);

        buf[..NONCE_SIZE].copy_from_slice(&self.nonce);
        buf[NONCE_SIZE..].copy_from_slice(&self.tag);
    }

    fn deserialize(start: &[u8]) -> Result<Self, PrivateBoxError> {
        if start.len() < Self::SIZE {
            return Err(PrivateBoxError::UnrecognizedFormat)
        }

        let nonce = *XNonce::from_slice(&start[..NONCE_SIZE]);
        
        let tag = *Tag::from_slice(&start[NONCE_SIZE..PrivateBoxPrefix::SIZE]);

        Ok(PrivateBoxPrefix {
            nonce,
            tag
        })
    }
}

/// A wrapper around XChaChaPoly1305 for convenient encryption
pub struct PrivateBox<T: RngCore> {
    key: Zeroizing<[u8; KEY_SIZE]>,
    rng: T,
}
/// Generates basic containers that store encrypted data
///
/// # Basic Usage
/// ```
/// # use privatebox::{PrivateBox, PrivateBoxError};
/// # use rand_core::OsRng;
/// #
/// # fn main() -> Result<(), PrivateBoxError> {
/// let mut privatebox = PrivateBox::new(b"0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef", OsRng);
/// let header = b"stored plain text";
/// let metadata = b"plain text";
///
/// let container = privatebox.encrypt(b"secret data", &*header, &*metadata)?;
/// assert_ne!(&container, b"secret data");
///
/// let (decrypted_message, authenticated_header) = privatebox.decrypt(&container, &*metadata)?;
/// assert_eq!(decrypted_message, b"secret data");
/// assert_eq!(authenticated_header, b"stored plain text");
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// ```
///
/// # Associated Data
/// Associated data in an AEAD is data that is authenticated but not encrypted.
/// It is provided during the encryption and decryption stage. It does not
/// necessarily have to be stored with the ciphertext. Hence [`PrivateBox::encrypt`]
/// has an authenticated `header` (stored in container) and `metadata` (stored separately).
/// The metadata thus is provided separately from the container during [`PrivateBox::decrypt`]. When doing
/// detached encryption/decryption there is just `assoc_data` as storage is handled
/// by user. For use cases check out this [stackexchange answer](https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/179273/what-is-the-purpose-of-associated-authenticated-data-in-aead#:~:text=As%20a%20very%20general%20rule,can%20be%20detected%20and%20rejected.)
///
/// # Nonces
/// Nonces are arbitrary numbers used in encryption and are one time use per key.
/// PrivateBox uses XChaChaPoly1305 which is ChaChaPoly1305 with an extended nonce (24 bytes instead of 12).
/// Therefore it is OK ([libsodium ref](https://doc.libsodium.org/secret-key_cryptography/aead/chacha20-poly1305/xchacha20-poly1305_construction)) to use a random number generator for nonce generation.
/// The random number generator provided upon the creation of PrivateBox is used to generate nonces.
/// The generator is not cloned during encryption so each pass produces a different nonce.
///
/// # Features
/// Enabling `alloc` (on by default) lets you access [`PrivateBox::encrypt`] and [`PrivateBox::decrypt`]
impl<T: RngCore> PrivateBox<T> {
    /// Creates a new [`PrivateBox`]  with a symmetric key and a random number generator
    ///
    /// * `key` - a 32 byte symmetric key
    /// * `rng` - a random number generator that generates nonces, implements [`RngCore`]
    ///
    /// # Examples
    /// ```
    /// use privatebox::PrivateBox;
    /// use rand_core::{RngCore, OsRng};
    ///
    /// // Key must have a length of 32 bytes.
    /// let mut key = [0u8; 32];
    /// OsRng.fill_bytes(&mut key);
    ///
    /// let privatebox = PrivateBox::new(&key, OsRng);
    /// ```
    pub fn new(key: &[u8; 32], rng: T) -> Self {
        let mut k = [0u8; KEY_SIZE];
        k.copy_from_slice(key);

        let key = Zeroizing::new(k);

        PrivateBox {
            key,
            rng
        }
    }

    /// Encrypts message in place with associated data and returns a detached prefix for the data.
    ///
    /// * `message` - data to be encrypted in place
    /// * `assoc_data` - associated data to be used
    ///
    /// The prefix is needed to decrypt the data with [`PrivateBox::decrypt`]
    /// The prefix is an array of bytes with nonce first, tag second.
    ///
    /// This method does not use memory allocation and suitable in the build without [`alloc`]
    ///
    /// # Examples
    /// ```
    /// # use privatebox::{PrivateBox, PrivateBoxError};
    /// # use rand_core::OsRng;
    /// #
    /// # fn main() -> Result<(), PrivateBoxError> {
    /// let mut privatebox = PrivateBox::new(&[1;32], OsRng); 
    ///
    /// let mut message = *b"secret data";
    /// let assoc_data = *b"plain text";
    ///
    /// let detached_prefix = privatebox.encrypt_detached(&mut message, &assoc_data);
    /// assert_ne!(&message, b"secret data");
    /// # Ok(())
    /// # }
    /// ```
    pub fn encrypt_detached(&mut self, data: &mut [u8], assoc_data: &[u8]) -> Result<[u8; PREFIX_SIZE], PrivateBoxError> {
        let mut nonce = [0_u8; NONCE_SIZE];
        self.rng.fill_bytes(&mut nonce);
        let nonce = XNonce::from_slice(&nonce);

        let key = Key::from_slice(self.key.as_ref());
        let aead = XChaCha20Poly1305::new(key);

        let tag: Tag = aead
            .encrypt_in_place_detached(nonce, assoc_data, data)
            .map_err(|_| PrivateBoxError::Cryptography)?;
        

        let prefix = PrivateBoxPrefix::new(*nonce, tag).serialize();

        Ok(prefix)
    }
 
    /// Decrypts message in place using associated data and prefix returned by the [`PrivateBox::encrypt`] method.
    ///
    /// * `message` - data to be encrypted in place
    /// * `assoc_data` - associated data to be used in decryption
    ///
    /// The method doesn't use memory allocation and is suitable in the build without [`alloc`]
    ///
    /// # Examples
    /// ```
    /// # use privatebox::{PrivateBox, PrivateBoxError};
    /// # use rand_core::OsRng;
    /// #
    /// # fn main() -> Result<(), PrivateBoxError> {
    /// let mut privatebox = PrivateBox::new(&[1;32], OsRng); 
    ///
    /// let mut message = *b"secret data";
    ///
    /// let detached_prefix = privatebox.encrypt_detached(&mut message, &[])?;
    /// assert_ne!(&message, b"secret data");
    ///
    /// privatebox.decrypt_detached(&mut message, &[], &detached_prefix)?;
    /// assert_eq!(&message, b"secret data");
    /// # Ok(())
    /// # }
    /// ```
    pub fn decrypt_detached(&self, message: &mut [u8], assoc_data: &[u8], detached_prefix: &[u8; PREFIX_SIZE]) -> Result<(), PrivateBoxError> {
        let detached_prefix = PrivateBoxPrefix::deserialize(detached_prefix)?;
        
        self.decrypt_detached_parsed(message, assoc_data, &detached_prefix)?;
        Ok(())
    }

    fn decrypt_detached_parsed(&self, message: &mut [u8], assoc_data: &[u8], detached_prefix: &PrivateBoxPrefix) -> Result<(), PrivateBoxError> {
        let key = Key::from_slice(self.key.as_ref());
        let aead = XChaCha20Poly1305::new(key);

        aead.decrypt_in_place_detached(detached_prefix.nonce(), assoc_data, message, detached_prefix.tag())
            .map_err(|_| PrivateBoxError::Cryptography)?;
        
        Ok(())
    }

    /// Encrypts message and outputs a container with all necessary data to decrypt
    ///
    /// * `message` - data to be encrypted
    /// * `header` - data to be authenticated and stored in the container
    /// * `metadata` - data to be authenticated but not stored
    ///
    /// # Examples
    /// ```
    /// # use privatebox::{PrivateBox, PrivateBoxError};
    /// # use rand_core::OsRng;
    /// #
    /// # fn main() -> Result<(), PrivateBoxError> {
    /// let mut privatebox = PrivateBox::new(&[1;32], OsRng); 
    ///
    /// let message = *b"secret data";
    /// let header = *b"attached data";
    /// let metadata = *b"detached data";
    ///
    /// let container = privatebox.encrypt(&message, &header, &metadata)?;
    /// # Ok(())
    /// # }
    /// ```
    #[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
    #[cfg_attr(docs_rs, doc(cfg(any(feature = "alloc"))))]
    pub fn encrypt(&mut self, message: &[u8], header: &[u8], metadata: &[u8]) -> Result<Vec<u8>, PrivateBoxError> {
        let sizes = PrivateBoxDataSizes::new(header.len(), message.len());

        let mut container = Vec::with_capacity(PrivateBoxPrefix::SIZE + PrivateBoxDataSizes::SIZE + sizes.message_size() + sizes.header_size());
        container.extend_from_slice(&[0; PrivateBoxPrefix::SIZE]);
        container.extend_from_slice(&sizes.serialize());
        container.extend_from_slice(header);
        container.extend_from_slice(message);

        let body = &mut container[PrivateBoxPrefix::SIZE + PrivateBoxDataSizes::SIZE + sizes.header_size()..];

        let assoc_data = [header, metadata].concat();

        let detached_prefix = self.encrypt_detached(body, &assoc_data)?;

        container[..PrivateBoxPrefix::SIZE].copy_from_slice(&detached_prefix);

        Ok(container)
    }

    /// Decrypts a container and outputs the authenticated header and decrypted message
    ///
    /// During decryption the header and provided `metadata` is concatenated to produce the
    /// full associated data. Successful decryption means that the provided metadata was authenticated.
    ///
    /// * `container` - the container outputed by [`PrivateBox::encrypt`]
    /// * `metadata` - authenticated data not stored in the container
    ///
    /// # Examples
    /// ```
    /// # use privatebox::{PrivateBox, PrivateBoxError};
    /// # use rand_core::OsRng;
    /// #
    /// # fn main() -> Result<(), PrivateBoxError> {
    /// let mut privatebox = PrivateBox::new(&[1;32], OsRng); 
    ///
    /// let message = *b"secret data";
    /// let header = *b"attached data";
    /// let metadata = *b"detached data";
    ///
    /// let container = privatebox.encrypt(&message, &header, &metadata)?;
    ///
    /// // Note only the metadata is required for decryption
    /// let (decrypted_message, authenticated_header) = privatebox.decrypt(&container, &metadata)?;
    /// assert_eq!(&decrypted_message, &message);
    /// assert_eq!(&authenticated_header, &header);
    /// # Ok(())
    /// # }
    /// ```
    #[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
    #[cfg_attr(docs_rs, doc(cfg(any(feature = "alloc"))))]
    pub fn decrypt(&self, container: &[u8], metadata: &[u8]) -> Result<(Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>), PrivateBoxError> {
        if container.len() < PrivateBoxPrefix::SIZE + PrivateBoxDataSizes::SIZE  {
            return Err(PrivateBoxError::UnrecognizedFormat)
        }

        let sizes = PrivateBoxDataSizes::deserialize(&container[PrivateBoxPrefix::SIZE..])?;
        if container.len() < PrivateBoxPrefix::SIZE + PrivateBoxDataSizes::SIZE + sizes.message_size() + sizes.header_size() {
            return Err(PrivateBoxError::UnrecognizedFormat)
        }

        let prefix = PrivateBoxPrefix::deserialize(&container)?;
        let header_data = &container[PrivateBoxPrefix::SIZE + PrivateBoxDataSizes::SIZE..PrivateBoxPrefix::SIZE + PrivateBoxDataSizes::SIZE + sizes.header_size()];

        let mut message = Vec::with_capacity(sizes.message_size());

        message.extend_from_slice(&container[
            PrivateBoxPrefix::SIZE + PrivateBoxDataSizes::SIZE + sizes.header_size()
            ..
            PrivateBoxPrefix::SIZE + PrivateBoxDataSizes::SIZE + sizes.header_size() + sizes.message_size()
        ]);

        let assoc_data = [header_data, metadata].concat();
        self.decrypt_detached_parsed(&mut message, &assoc_data, &prefix)?;
        
        let mut header = Vec::with_capacity(sizes.message_size());
        header.extend_from_slice(&header_data);

        Ok((message, header))
    }

    /// Retrieve the insecure header data from a container
    ///
    /// * `container` - container outputted by [`PrivateBox::encrypt`]
    ///
    /// The header data is not authenticated, it is insecure.
    /// It may have been altered so use at your own risk.
    ///
    /// Examples
    /// ```
    /// # use privatebox::{PrivateBox, PrivateBoxError};
    /// # use rand_core::OsRng;
    /// #
    /// # fn main() -> Result<(), PrivateBoxError> {
    /// let mut privatebox = PrivateBox::new(&[1;32], OsRng); 
    /// let header = &[4, 4, 1, 1];
    ///
    /// let container = privatebox.encrypt(&*b"data", header, &[])?;
    /// let insecure_header = privatebox.parse_insecure_header(&container)?;
    ///
    /// // In this case header and insecure header are the same (but not guranteed)
    /// assert_eq!(&insecure_header, header);
    /// # Ok(())
    /// # }
    /// ```
    #[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
    #[cfg_attr(docs_rs, doc(cfg(any(feature = "alloc"))))]
    pub fn parse_insecure_header(&self, container: &[u8]) -> Result<Vec<u8>, PrivateBoxError> {
        if container.len() < PrivateBoxPrefix::SIZE + PrivateBoxDataSizes::SIZE {
            return Err(PrivateBoxError::UnrecognizedFormat)
        }

        let sizes = PrivateBoxDataSizes::deserialize(&container[PrivateBoxPrefix::SIZE..])?;

        if container.len() < PrivateBoxPrefix::SIZE + PrivateBoxDataSizes::SIZE + sizes.header_size() {
            return Err(PrivateBoxError::UnrecognizedFormat)
        }

        let header = &container[
            PrivateBoxPrefix::SIZE + PrivateBoxDataSizes::SIZE
            ..
            PrivateBoxPrefix::SIZE + PrivateBoxDataSizes::SIZE + sizes.header_size()
        ];
        Ok(header.to_vec())
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;

    use rand::rngs::StdRng;
    use rand::SeedableRng;

    use crate::tests::alloc::borrow::ToOwned;
    extern crate std; 

    #[test]
    fn datasizes_new() {
        let message_size = std::usize::MAX;
        let header_size = std::usize::MAX;

        let sizes = PrivateBoxDataSizes { message_size, header_size };

        assert_eq!(message_size, sizes.message_size());
        assert_eq!(header_size, sizes.header_size());
    }

    #[test]
    fn datasizes_serialize() {
        let message_size = 10;
        let header_size = 50;

        let sizes = PrivateBoxDataSizes::new(header_size, message_size);

        let sizes = sizes.serialize();

        // header size
        assert_eq!(sizes[..MAX_DATA_SIZE], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 50]);
        // data size
        assert_eq!(sizes[MAX_DATA_SIZE..], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 10])
    }

    #[test]
    fn datasizes_deserialize() {
        // Test a long array
        let sizes = [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 50, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 10, 5];
        let deserialized = PrivateBoxDataSizes::deserialize(&sizes).expect("Data sizes");
        assert_eq!(10, deserialized.message_size());
        assert_eq!(50, deserialized.header_size());

        PrivateBoxDataSizes::deserialize(&sizes[..sizes.len() - 2]).expect_err("Too short");
    }

    #[test]
    fn prefix_new() {
        let nonce = *XNonce::from_slice(&[2; NONCE_SIZE]);
        // let data_size = 50;
        // let header = PrivateBoxHeader::new(nonce, data_size);

        let tag = *Tag::from_slice(&[1u8; TAG_SIZE]);

        let prefix = PrivateBoxPrefix::new(nonce, tag);

        assert_eq!(nonce, *prefix.nonce());
        assert_eq!(tag, *prefix.tag());
    }

    #[test]
    fn prefix_serialize() {
        let nonce = *XNonce::from_slice(&[2; NONCE_SIZE]);
        // let data_size = core::usize::MAX;
        // let header = PrivateBoxHeader::new(nonce, data_size);

        let tag = *Tag::from_slice(&[1u8; TAG_SIZE]);

        let prefix = PrivateBoxPrefix::new(nonce, tag);
        
        assert_eq!(
            prefix.serialize()[..],
            [2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,
             1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1][..]
        )
    }

    #[test]
    fn prefix_deserialize() {
        let nonce = *XNonce::from_slice(&[2; NONCE_SIZE]);
        // let data_size = 50;
        // let header = PrivateBoxHeader::new(nonce, data_size);

        let tag = *Tag::from_slice(&[1u8; TAG_SIZE]);

        let prefix = PrivateBoxPrefix::new(nonce, tag);

        let prefix_serialized = prefix.serialize();
        let deserialized = PrivateBoxPrefix::deserialize(&prefix_serialized).expect("Deserialized container's prefix");
        
        // Good deserialize
        assert_eq!(nonce, *deserialized.nonce());
        assert_eq!(tag, *deserialized.tag());

        // Corrupted deserialize, not correct size
        match PrivateBoxPrefix::deserialize(&prefix_serialized[..PrivateBoxPrefix::SIZE - 1]) {
            Err(err) => match err {
                PrivateBoxError::UnrecognizedFormat => (),
                _ => panic!("Invalid error"),
            },
            Ok(_) => panic!("Header should not be parsed"),
        };
    }

    #[test]
    fn privatebox_new() {
        PrivateBox::new(&[1; KEY_SIZE], StdRng::from_seed([1;32]));
    }

    #[test]
    fn privatebox_encrypt_detached() {
        let rng = StdRng::from_seed([1;32]);

        let mut privatebox = PrivateBox::new(&[1; KEY_SIZE], rng);

        let mut message = b"hello world".to_owned();
        let assoc_data = &[0u8; 4];

        let detached_prefix = privatebox.encrypt_detached(&mut message, assoc_data).unwrap();
        
        // nonce | data_size | tag
        assert_eq!(
            &detached_prefix[..],
            &[
                51, 1, 232, 215, 231, 84, 219, 44, 245, 123, 10, 76, 167, 63, 37, 60, 112, 83, 173, 43, 197, 57, 135, 119,
                143, 136, 250, 191, 142, 138, 145, 172, 115, 135, 63, 49, 23, 160, 223, 51
            ][..]
        );

        // data
        assert_eq!(
            &message,
            &[60, 176, 58, 81, 122, 113, 92, 185, 227, 116, 233]
        );

        // assoc_data
        assert_eq!(
            &assoc_data[..],
            &[0u8; 4]
        )
    }

    #[test]
    fn privatebox_decrypt_detached() {
        let rng = StdRng::from_seed([1;32]);
        let privatebox = PrivateBox::new(&[1; KEY_SIZE], rng);

        let detached_prefix = [
            51, 1, 232, 215, 231, 84, 219, 44, 245, 123, 10, 76, 167, 63, 37, 60, 112, 83, 173, 43, 197, 57, 135, 119,
            143, 136, 250, 191, 142, 138, 145, 172, 115, 135, 63, 49, 23, 160, 223, 51
        ];

        let mut data = [60, 176, 58, 81, 122, 113, 92, 185, 227, 116, 233];

        let assoc_data = [0, 0, 0, 0];

        privatebox.decrypt_detached(&mut data, &assoc_data, &detached_prefix)
            .expect("Decrypted data");

        assert_eq!(&data, b"hello world");

        privatebox.decrypt_detached(&mut data, &[0], &detached_prefix)
            .expect_err("Bad associated data");
    }

    #[test]
    fn privatebox_encrypt_decrypt() {
        let mut privatebox = PrivateBox::new(&[1;32], StdRng::from_seed([1; 32])); 

        let mut message = *b"secret data";
        let assoc_data = *b"plain text";

        let detached_prefix = privatebox.encrypt_detached(&mut message, &assoc_data).expect("encrypt");
        assert_ne!(&message, b"secret data");

        privatebox.decrypt_detached(&mut message, &assoc_data, &detached_prefix).expect("decrypt");
        assert_eq!(&message, b"secret data");
    }

    #[test]
    fn privatebox_wrap() {
        let mut privatebox = PrivateBox::new(&[1; 32], StdRng::from_seed([1;32]));
        let message = b"data".to_owned();

        let header = &[1; 4];
        let metadata = &[0; 4];

        let container = privatebox.encrypt(b"data", header, metadata).expect("Wrapped container");
        
        // Data sizes attached correctly
        let sizes = PrivateBoxDataSizes::deserialize(&container[PrivateBoxPrefix::SIZE..]).expect("Message size");
        assert_eq!(message.len(), sizes.message_size());
        assert_eq!(header.len(), sizes.header_size());

        // Data encrypted
        assert_eq!(container[container.len() - message.len()..], [48, 180, 34, 92]);

        // Header data attached
        assert_eq!(container[PrivateBoxPrefix::SIZE + PrivateBoxDataSizes::SIZE..PrivateBoxPrefix::SIZE + PrivateBoxDataSizes::SIZE + header.len()], [1, 1, 1, 1]);

        // Check tag (header data and metadata combined correctly)
        let prefix = PrivateBoxPrefix::deserialize(&container).expect("Deserialized prefix");

        let mut data = b"data".to_owned();
        let assoc_data = &[1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0];
        let mut privatebox = PrivateBox::new(&[1; 32], StdRng::from_seed([1;32]));
        let detached_prefix = privatebox.encrypt_detached(&mut data, assoc_data).expect("Encrypted data");
        let detached_prefix = PrivateBoxPrefix::deserialize(&detached_prefix).expect("Detached prefix");

        assert_eq!(prefix.tag(), detached_prefix.tag());
    }

    #[test]
    fn privatebox_wrap_unwrap() {
        let mut privatebox = PrivateBox::new(&[1; 32], StdRng::from_seed([1; 32]));
        let wrapped = privatebox.encrypt(b"secret data", &[5, 4, 3, 2], &[]).expect("Wrapped container");
        let (message1, header1) = privatebox.decrypt(&wrapped, &[]).expect("Unwrapped container");

        assert_eq!(message1, b"secret data");
        assert_eq!(header1, &[5, 4, 3, 2]);

        let container2 = privatebox.encrypt(b"secret data", &[5, 4, 3, 2], &[3, 2, 1]).expect("Wrapped container");
        let (message2, header2) = privatebox.decrypt(&container2, &[3, 2, 1]).expect("Unwrapped container");

        assert_eq!(
            message1,
            message2
        );

        assert_eq!(
            header1,
            header2
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn privatebox_wrap_unwrap_corrupted() {
        let mut privatebox = PrivateBox::new(&[1; 32], StdRng::from_seed([1; 32]));
        let mut wrapped = privatebox.encrypt(b"data", &[], &[]).expect("Wrapped container");

        let last = wrapped.len() - 1;
        wrapped[last] = wrapped[last] + 1;

        privatebox.decrypt(&wrapped, &[]).expect_err("Unwrapped container");
    }

    #[test]
    fn privatebox_unwrap_larger_ok() {
        let mut privatebox = PrivateBox::new(&[1; 32], StdRng::from_seed([1; 32]));
        let mut wrapped = privatebox.encrypt(b"data", &[3, 2, 1], &[4, 3, 2]).expect("Wrapped container");

        wrapped.push(0);
        let (data, header) = privatebox.decrypt(&wrapped, &[4, 3, 2]).expect("Unwrapped container");

        assert_eq!(data, b"data");
        assert_eq!(header, &[3, 2, 1])
    }

    #[test]
    fn privatebox_unwrap_short_bad() {
        let mut privatebox = PrivateBox::new(&[1; 32], StdRng::from_seed([1; 32]));
        let mut wrapped = privatebox.encrypt(b"data", &[1u8; 54], &[1u8; 38]).expect("Wrapped container");

        wrapped.pop();
        privatebox.decrypt(&wrapped, &[1u8; 38]).expect_err("Too short");
    }

    #[test]
    fn privatebox_decrypt_wrong_sizes() {
        let privatebox = PrivateBox::new(&[1; 32], StdRng::from_seed([1; 32]));

        let detached_prefix = [
            51, 1, 232, 215, 231, 84, 219, 44, 245, 123, 10, 76, 167, 63, 37, 60, 112, 83, 173, 43, 197, 57, 135, 119,
            143, 136, 250, 191, 142, 138, 145, 172, 115, 135, 63, 49, 23, 160, 223, 51
        ];

        let mut data = [60, 176, 58, 81, 122, 113, 92, 185, 227, 116, 233];

        let assoc_data = [0, 0, 0, 0];

        privatebox.decrypt_detached(&mut data, &assoc_data, &detached_prefix).expect("Decrypted data data");
        assert_eq!(&data, b"hello world");

        privatebox
            .decrypt_detached(&mut data[..4], &assoc_data, &detached_prefix)
            .expect_err("Corrupted sizes");
    }

    #[test]
    fn privatebox_header() {
        let mut privatebox = PrivateBox::new(&[1; 32], StdRng::from_seed([1; 32]));

        let header = &[1, 2, 3, 4];

        let container = privatebox.encrypt(&*b"data", header, &[]).expect("encrypted data");

        let parse_header = privatebox.parse_insecure_header(&container).expect("header");

        assert_eq!(&parse_header, header);
    }

    #[test]
    fn readme_test() {
        let mut privatebox = PrivateBox::new(&[1; 32], StdRng::from_seed([1u8; 32]));
        let header = &[5, 4, 3, 2];
        let metadata = &[3, 3, 3];
        let wrapped = privatebox.encrypt(b"secret data", header, metadata).expect("encrypt");
        let (message, authenticated_header) = privatebox.decrypt(&wrapped, metadata).expect("decrypt");

        assert_eq!(message, b"secret data");
        assert_eq!(&authenticated_header, header);
    }
}