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//! Trait and types for allowing [`Engine`] to play and capture audio.
//!
//! There are several methods for playing audio in your application:
//!
//! - Queuing pre-recorded or generated audio samples by calling [`PixState::enqueue_audio`].
//! - Having [`Engine`] request pre-recorded or generated audio samples by implementing the
//! [`AudioCallback`] trait on a type and calling [`PixState::open_playback`].
//! - Loading and playing a `.wav` or `.mp3` file. (Coming soon!).
//!
//! You can also record audio from a capture device using [`PixState::open_capture`].
//!
//! [`Engine`]: crate::engine::Engine
//!
//! # Examples
//!
//! ## Audio Queue
//!
//! ```no_run
//! use pix_engine::{prelude::*, math::PI};
//!
//! struct MyApp;
//!
//! impl PixEngine for MyApp {
//! fn on_start(&mut self, s: &mut PixState) -> PixResult<()> {
//! s.resume_audio();
//! Ok(())
//! }
//!
//! fn on_update(&mut self, s: &mut PixState) -> PixResult<()> {
//! // Some square wave samples of audio
//! let volume = 0.2;
//! let sample_rate = s.audio_sample_rate() as f32;
//! let sample_count = 4 * sample_rate as usize;
//! let frequency = 440.0; // A4 note
//! let mut samples = Vec::with_capacity(sample_count);
//! for x in 0..sample_count {
//! let s = (2.0 * PI as f32 * frequency * x as f32 / sample_rate).sin();
//! samples.push(if s <= 0.0 { -volume } else { volume });
//! }
//! // Add samples to audio queue for playback
//! s.enqueue_audio(&samples)?;
//! Ok(())
//! }
//! }
//! ```
//!
//! ## Audio Callback
//!
//! ```no_run
//! use pix_engine::prelude::*;
//! use std::time::Duration;
//!
//! struct SquareWave {
//! phase_inc: f32,
//! phase: f32,
//! volume: f32,
//! }
//!
//! impl AudioCallback for SquareWave {
//! type Channel = f32;
//!
//! fn callback(&mut self, out: &mut [Self::Channel]) {
//! // Generate a square wave
//! for x in out.iter_mut() {
//! *x = if self.phase <= 0.5 {
//! self.volume
//! } else {
//! -self.volume
//! };
//! self.phase = (self.phase + self.phase_inc) % 1.0;
//! }
//! }
//! }
//!
//! struct MyApp;
//!
//! impl PixEngine for MyApp {
//! fn on_update(&mut self, s: &mut PixState) -> PixResult<()> {
//! let desired_spec = AudioSpecDesired {
//! freq: Some(44_100), // 44,100 HZ
//! channels: Some(1), // mono audio
//! samples: None, // default sample size
//! };
//! let mut device = s.open_playback(None, &desired_spec, |spec| {
//! SquareWave {
//! phase_inc: 440.0 / spec.freq as f32,
//! phase: 0.0,
//! volume: 0.25,
//! }
//! })?;
//!
//! // Start playback
//! device.resume();
//!
//! // Play for 2 seconds then quit.
//! std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(2000));
//! s.quit();
//!
//! // Device stops playback when dropped.
//! Ok(())
//! }
//! }
//! ```
//!
//! ## Audio Capture
//!
//! For a more complete example, see `audio_capture_and_replay` in the `examples/` directory.
//!
//! ```no_run
//! use pix_engine::prelude::*;
//! use std::{sync::mpsc, time::Duration};
//!
//! struct Recording {
//! record_buffer: Vec<f32>,
//! pos: usize,
//! tx: mpsc::Sender<Vec<f32>>,
//! done: bool,
//! }
//!
//! impl AudioCallback for Recording {
//! type Channel = f32;
//!
//! fn callback(&mut self, input: &mut [Self::Channel]) {
//! if self.done {
//! return;
//! }
//! for x in input {
//! self.record_buffer[self.pos] = *x;
//! self.pos += 1;
//! if self.pos >= self.record_buffer.len() {
//! self.done = true;
//! self.tx
//! .send(self.record_buffer.clone())
//! .expect("could not send record buffer");
//! break;
//! }
//! }
//! }
//! }
//!
//! struct MyApp;
//!
//! const RECORDING_LENGTH_SECONDS: usize = 3;
//!
//! impl PixEngine for MyApp {
//! fn on_update(&mut self, s: &mut PixState) -> PixResult<()> {
//! let desired_spec = AudioSpecDesired {
//! freq: None, // default device frequency
//! channels: None, // default device channels
//! samples: None, // default sample size
//! };
//!
//! let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel();
//! let capture_device = s.open_capture(None, &desired_spec, |spec| {
//! Recording {
//! record_buffer: vec![
//! 0.0;
//! spec.freq as usize
//! * RECORDING_LENGTH_SECONDS
//! * spec.channels as usize
//! ],
//! pos: 0,
//! tx,
//! done: false,
//! }
//! })?;
//!
//! // Start playback
//! capture_device.resume();
//!
//! // Wait for recording to finish
//! let recorded_samples = rx.recv()?;
//! capture_device.pause();
//!
//! // Handle recorded_samples
//!
//! // Device stops playback when dropped.
//! Ok(())
//! }
//! }
//! ```
//!
//! [`PixEngine`]: crate::prelude::PixEngine
use crate::prelude::*;
#[cfg(feature = "serde")]
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
pub use crate::renderer::sdl::{AudioDevice, AudioFormatNum};
#[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
pub use crate::renderer::wasm::{AudioDevice, AudioFormatNum};
/// Trait for allowing [`Engine`] to request audio samples from your application.
///
/// Please see the [module-level documentation] for more examples.
///
/// [`Engine`]: crate::engine::Engine
/// [module-level documentation]: crate::audio
pub trait AudioCallback: Send
where
Self::Channel: AudioFormatNum + 'static,
{
/// The audio type format for channel samples.
type Channel;
/// Called when the audio playback device needs samples to play or the capture device has
/// samples available. `buffer` is a pre-allocated buffer you can iterate over and update to
/// provide audio samples, or consume to record audio samples.
///
/// # Example
///
/// ```
/// use pix_engine::prelude::*;
///
/// struct SquareWave {
/// phase_inc: f32,
/// phase: f32,
/// volume: f32,
/// }
///
/// impl AudioCallback for SquareWave {
/// type Channel = f32;
///
/// fn callback(&mut self, out: &mut [Self::Channel]) {
/// // Generate a square wave
/// for x in out.iter_mut() {
/// *x = if self.phase <= 0.5 {
/// self.volume
/// } else {
/// -self.volume
/// };
/// self.phase = (self.phase + self.phase_inc) % 1.0;
/// }
/// }
/// }
/// ```
fn callback(&mut self, buffer: &mut [Self::Channel]);
}
/// Audio number and endianness format for the given audio device.
#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[must_use]
pub enum AudioFormat {
/// Unsigned 8-bit samples
U8,
/// Signed 8-bit samples
S8,
/// Unsigned 16-bit samples, little-endian
U16LSB,
/// Unsigned 16-bit samples, big-endian
U16MSB,
/// Signed 16-bit samples, little-endian
S16LSB,
/// Signed 16-bit samples, big-endian
S16MSB,
/// Signed 32-bit samples, little-endian
S32LSB,
/// Signed 32-bit samples, big-endian
S32MSB,
/// 32-bit floating point samples, little-endian
F32LSB,
/// 32-bit floating point samples, big-endian
F32MSB,
}
#[cfg(target_endian = "little")]
impl AudioFormat {
/// Unsigned 16-bit samples, native endian
#[inline]
pub const fn u16_sys() -> AudioFormat {
AudioFormat::U16LSB
}
/// Signed 16-bit samples, native endian
#[inline]
pub const fn s16_sys() -> AudioFormat {
AudioFormat::S16LSB
}
/// Signed 32-bit samples, native endian
#[inline]
pub const fn s32_sys() -> AudioFormat {
AudioFormat::S32LSB
}
/// 32-bit floating point samples, native endian
#[inline]
pub const fn f32_sys() -> AudioFormat {
AudioFormat::F32LSB
}
}
#[cfg(target_endian = "big")]
impl AudioFormat {
/// Unsigned 16-bit samples, native endian
#[inline]
pub const fn u16_sys() -> AudioFormat {
AudioFormat::U16MSB
}
/// Signed 16-bit samples, native endian
#[inline]
pub const fn s16_sys() -> AudioFormat {
AudioFormat::S16MSB
}
/// Signed 32-bit samples, native endian
#[inline]
pub const fn s32_sys() -> AudioFormat {
AudioFormat::S32MSB
}
/// 32-bit floating point samples, native endian
#[inline]
pub const fn f32_sys() -> AudioFormat {
AudioFormat::F32MSB
}
}
impl Default for AudioFormat {
fn default() -> Self {
Self::f32_sys()
}
}
/// Playback status of an audio device.
#[derive(Default, Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[must_use]
pub enum AudioStatus {
/// Audio device is stopped.
#[default]
Stopped,
/// Audio device is playing.
Playing,
/// Audio device is paused.
Paused,
}
/// Desired audio device specification.
#[derive(Default, Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[must_use]
pub struct AudioSpecDesired {
/// DSP frequency (samples per second) in Hz. Set to None for the device’s fallback frequency.
pub freq: Option<i32>,
/// Number of separate sound channels. Set to None for the device’s fallback number of channels.
pub channels: Option<u8>,
/// The audio buffer size in samples (power of 2). Set to None for the device’s fallback sample size.
pub samples: Option<u16>,
}
/// Audio device specification.
#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[must_use]
pub struct AudioSpec {
/// DSP frequency (samples per second) in Hz.
pub freq: i32,
/// `AudioFormat` for the generic sample type.
pub format: AudioFormat,
/// Number of separate sound channels.
pub channels: u8,
/// The audio buffer size in samples (power of 2).
pub samples: u16,
/// The audio buffer size in bytes.
pub size: u32,
}
impl Default for AudioSpec {
fn default() -> Self {
Self {
freq: 44_100,
format: AudioFormat::default(),
channels: 1,
samples: 512,
size: 2048,
}
}
}
/// Provides access to audio device driver properties and controlling playback.
pub trait AudioDeviceDriver {
/// Return the status of this audio callback device.
fn status(&self) -> AudioStatus;
/// Return the current driver of this audio callback device.
fn driver(&self) -> &'static str;
/// Returns the [`AudioSpec`] for this audio callback device.
fn spec(&self) -> AudioSpec;
/// Resumes playback of this audio callback device.
fn resume(&self);
/// Pause playback of this audio callback device.
fn pause(&self);
}
impl PixState {
/// Add samples to the current audio buffer queue.
///
/// # Errors
///
/// If the audio device fails to queue samples, or if the audio buffer max size is reached,
/// then an error is returned.
///
/// # Example
///
/// ```
/// # use pix_engine::{math::PI, prelude::*};
/// # struct App;
/// # impl PixEngine for App {
/// fn on_update(&mut self, s: &mut PixState) -> PixResult<()> {
/// // Some square wave samples of audio
/// let volume = 0.2;
/// let sample_rate = s.audio_sample_rate() as f32;
/// let sample_count = 4 * sample_rate as usize;
/// let frequency = 440.0; // A4 note
/// let mut samples = Vec::with_capacity(sample_count);
/// for x in 0..sample_count {
/// let s = (2.0 * PI as f32 * frequency * x as f32 / sample_rate).sin();
/// samples.push(if s <= 0.0 { -volume } else { volume });
/// }
/// // Add samples to audio queue for playback
/// s.enqueue_audio(&samples)?;
/// Ok(())
/// }
/// # }
/// ```
#[inline]
pub fn enqueue_audio<S: AsRef<[f32]>>(&mut self, samples: S) -> PixResult<()> {
self.renderer.enqueue_audio(samples.as_ref())
}
/// Clear audio samples from the current audio buffer queue.
#[inline]
pub fn clear_audio(&mut self) {
self.renderer.clear_audio();
}
/// Return the status of the current audio queue device.
///
/// # Example
///
/// ```
/// # use pix_engine::prelude::*;
/// # struct App;
/// # impl PixEngine for App {
/// # fn on_update(&mut self, s: &mut PixState) -> PixResult<()> { Ok(()) }
/// fn on_key_pressed(&mut self, s: &mut PixState, event: KeyEvent) -> PixResult<bool> {
/// match event.key {
/// Key::Return => {
/// if s.audio_status() == AudioStatus::Paused {
/// s.resume_audio();
/// }
/// Ok(true)
/// }
/// _ => Ok(false),
/// }
/// }
/// # }
/// ```
#[inline]
pub fn audio_status(&self) -> AudioStatus {
self.renderer.audio_status()
}
/// Return the current driver of this audio callback device.
#[inline]
#[must_use]
pub fn audio_driver(&self) -> &'static str {
self.renderer.audio_driver()
}
/// Returns the sample rate for the current audio queue device.
#[inline]
#[must_use]
pub fn audio_sample_rate(&self) -> i32 {
self.renderer.audio_sample_rate()
}
/// Returns the queued buffer size of the current audio queue device.
#[inline]
#[must_use]
pub fn audio_queued_size(&self) -> u32 {
self.renderer.audio_queued_size()
}
/// Returns the buffer size of the current audio queue device.
#[inline]
#[must_use]
pub fn audio_size(&self) -> u32 {
self.renderer.audio_size()
}
/// Resumes playback of the current audio queue device.
///
/// # Example
///
/// ```
/// # use pix_engine::prelude::*;
/// # struct App;
/// # impl PixEngine for App {
/// # fn on_update(&mut self, s: &mut PixState) -> PixResult<()> { Ok(()) }
/// fn on_key_pressed(&mut self, s: &mut PixState, event: KeyEvent) -> PixResult<bool> {
/// match event.key {
/// Key::Return => {
/// s.resume_audio();
/// Ok(true)
/// }
/// _ => Ok(false),
/// }
/// }
/// # }
/// ```
#[inline]
pub fn resume_audio(&mut self) {
self.renderer.resume_audio();
}
/// Pause playback of the current audio queue device.
///
/// # Example
///
/// ```
/// # use pix_engine::prelude::*;
/// # struct App;
/// # impl PixEngine for App {
/// # fn on_update(&mut self, s: &mut PixState) -> PixResult<()> { Ok(()) }
/// fn on_key_pressed(&mut self, s: &mut PixState, event: KeyEvent) -> PixResult<bool> {
/// match event.key {
/// Key::Return => {
/// s.pause_audio();
/// Ok(true)
/// }
/// _ => Ok(false),
/// }
/// }
/// # }
/// ```
#[inline]
pub fn pause_audio(&mut self) {
self.renderer.pause_audio();
}
/// Opens and returns an audio callback device for playback.
///
/// The audio device starts out `paused`. Call [resume](`AudioDevice::resume`) to start
/// playback and [pause](`AudioDevice::pause`) to stop playback.
///
/// # Errors
///
/// If the renderer fails to open an audio device, then an error is returned.
///
/// # Example
///
/// ```no_run
/// use pix_engine::prelude::*;
/// use std::time::Duration;
///
/// struct SquareWave {
/// phase_inc: f32,
/// phase: f32,
/// volume: f32,
/// }
///
/// impl AudioCallback for SquareWave {
/// type Channel = f32;
///
/// fn callback(&mut self, out: &mut [Self::Channel]) {
/// // Generate a square wave
/// for x in out.iter_mut() {
/// *x = if self.phase <= 0.5 {
/// self.volume
/// } else {
/// -self.volume
/// };
/// self.phase = (self.phase + self.phase_inc) % 1.0;
/// }
/// }
/// }
///
/// struct MyApp;
///
/// impl PixEngine for MyApp {
/// fn on_update(&mut self, s: &mut PixState) -> PixResult<()> {
/// let desired_spec = AudioSpecDesired {
/// freq: Some(44_100), // 44,100 HZ
/// channels: Some(1), // mono audio
/// samples: None, // default sample size
/// };
/// let mut device = s.open_playback(None, &desired_spec, |spec| {
/// SquareWave {
/// phase_inc: 440.0 / spec.freq as f32,
/// phase: 0.0,
/// volume: 0.25,
/// }
/// })?;
///
/// // Start playback
/// device.resume();
///
/// // Play for 2 seconds then quit.
/// std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(2000));
/// s.quit();
///
/// // Device stops playback when dropped.
/// Ok(())
/// }
/// }
/// ```
#[allow(single_use_lifetimes)]
#[inline]
pub fn open_playback<'a, CB, F, D>(
&self,
device: D,
desired_spec: &AudioSpecDesired,
get_callback: F,
) -> PixResult<AudioDevice<CB>>
where
CB: AudioCallback,
F: FnOnce(AudioSpec) -> CB,
D: Into<Option<&'a str>>,
{
self.renderer
.open_playback(device, desired_spec, get_callback)
}
/// Opens and returns an audio capture device for recording.
///
/// The audio device starts out `paused`. Call [resume](`AudioDevice::resume`) to start
/// recording and [pause](`AudioDevice::pause`) to stop recording.
///
/// # Errors
///
/// If the renderer fails to open an audio device, then an error is returned.
///
/// # Example
///
/// ```no_run
/// use pix_engine::prelude::*;
/// use std::{sync::mpsc, time::Duration};
///
/// struct Recording {
/// record_buffer: Vec<f32>,
/// pos: usize,
/// tx: mpsc::Sender<Vec<f32>>,
/// done: bool,
/// }
///
/// impl AudioCallback for Recording {
/// type Channel = f32;
///
/// fn callback(&mut self, input: &mut [Self::Channel]) {
/// if self.done {
/// return;
/// }
/// for x in input {
/// self.record_buffer[self.pos] = *x;
/// self.pos += 1;
/// if self.pos >= self.record_buffer.len() {
/// self.done = true;
/// self.tx
/// .send(self.record_buffer.clone())
/// .expect("could not send record buffer");
/// break;
/// }
/// }
/// }
/// }
///
/// struct MyApp;
///
/// const RECORDING_LENGTH_SECONDS: usize = 3;
///
/// impl PixEngine for MyApp {
/// fn on_update(&mut self, s: &mut PixState) -> PixResult<()> {
/// let desired_spec = AudioSpecDesired {
/// freq: None, // default device frequency
/// channels: None, // default device channels
/// samples: None, // default sample size
/// };
///
/// let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel();
/// let capture_device = s.open_capture(None, &desired_spec, |spec| {
/// Recording {
/// record_buffer: vec![
/// 0.0;
/// spec.freq as usize
/// * RECORDING_LENGTH_SECONDS
/// * spec.channels as usize
/// ],
/// pos: 0,
/// tx,
/// done: false,
/// }
/// })?;
///
/// // Start playback
/// capture_device.resume();
///
/// // Wait for recording to finish
/// let recorded_samples = rx.recv()?;
/// capture_device.pause();
///
/// // Handle recorded_samples
///
/// // Device stops playback when dropped.
/// Ok(())
/// }
/// }
/// ```
#[allow(single_use_lifetimes)]
#[inline]
pub fn open_capture<'a, CB, F, D>(
&self,
device: D,
desired_spec: &AudioSpecDesired,
get_callback: F,
) -> PixResult<AudioDevice<CB>>
where
CB: AudioCallback,
F: FnOnce(AudioSpec) -> CB,
D: Into<Option<&'a str>>,
{
self.renderer
.open_capture(device, desired_spec, get_callback)
}
}
/// Trait representing audio support.
pub(crate) trait AudioDriver {
/// Add audio samples to the current audio buffer queue.
fn enqueue_audio(&mut self, samples: &[f32]) -> PixResult<()>;
/// Clear audio samples from the current audio buffer queue.
fn clear_audio(&mut self);
/// Return the status of the current audio queue device.
fn audio_status(&self) -> AudioStatus;
/// Return the driver of current audio queue device.
fn audio_driver(&self) -> &'static str;
/// Return the sample rate of the current audio queue device.
fn audio_sample_rate(&self) -> i32;
/// Returns the queued buffer size (in bytes) of the current audio queue device.
fn audio_queued_size(&self) -> u32;
/// Returns the buffer size (in bytes) of the current audio queue device.
fn audio_size(&self) -> u32;
/// Resume playback of the current audio queue device.
fn resume_audio(&mut self);
/// Pause playback of the current audio queue device.
fn pause_audio(&mut self);
/// Opens and returns an audio callback device for playback.
#[allow(single_use_lifetimes)]
fn open_playback<'a, CB, F, D>(
&self,
device: D,
desired_spec: &AudioSpecDesired,
get_callback: F,
) -> PixResult<AudioDevice<CB>>
where
CB: AudioCallback,
F: FnOnce(AudioSpec) -> CB,
D: Into<Option<&'a str>>;
/// Opens and returns an audio capture device for recording.
#[allow(single_use_lifetimes)]
fn open_capture<'a, CB, F, D>(
&self,
device: D,
desired_spec: &AudioSpecDesired,
get_callback: F,
) -> PixResult<AudioDevice<CB>>
where
CB: AudioCallback,
F: FnOnce(AudioSpec) -> CB,
D: Into<Option<&'a str>>;
}