Crate oracle

Expand description

Rust-oracle

This is an Oracle database driver for Rust based on ODPI-C.

Build-time Requirements

C compiler. See Compile-time Requirements in this document.

Run-time Requirements

Oracle client 11.2 or later. See ODPI-C installation document.

The oracle crate supports at least 6 rust minor versions including the stable release at the time when the crate was released. The MSRV (minimum supported rust version) may be changed when a patch version is incremented though it will not be changed frequently. The current MSRV is 1.54.0.

Usage

Put this in your Cargo.toml:

[dependencies]
oracle = "0.5"

Optional Features

The following features can be enabled from Cargo.toml:

Feature	Description	available version
`chrono`	Implements `ToSql` and `FromSql` for chrono data types.	any
`stmt_without_lifetime`	Removes `conn` lifetime from `Statement`. This is available to avoid lifetime conflicts.	since 0.5.6
`aq_unstable`	Enables Oracle Advanced Queuing support. This is unstable. It may be changed incompatibly by minor version upgrades.	since 0.5.5

Examples

Executes select statements and get rows:

use oracle::{Connection, Error};

// Connect to a database.
let conn = Connection::connect("scott", "tiger", "//localhost/XE")?;

let sql = "select ename, sal, comm from emp where deptno = :1";

// Select a table with a bind variable.
println!("---------------|---------------|---------------|");
let rows = conn.query(sql, &[&30])?;
for row_result in rows {
    let row = row_result?;
    // get a column value by position (0-based)
    let ename: String = row.get(0)?;
    // get a column by name (case-insensitive)
    let sal: i32 = row.get("sal")?;
    // Use `Option<...>` to get a nullable column.
    // Otherwise, `Err(Error::NullValue)` is returned
    // for null values.
    let comm: Option<i32> = row.get(2)?;

    println!(" {:14}| {:>10}    | {:>10}    |",
             ename,
             sal,
             comm.map_or("".to_string(), |v| v.to_string()));
}

// Another way to fetch rows.
// The rows iterator returns Result<(String, i32, Option<i32>)>.
println!("---------------|---------------|---------------|");
let rows = conn.query_as::<(String, i32, Option<i32>)>(sql, &[&10])?;
for row_result in rows {
    let (ename, sal, comm) = row_result?;
    println!(" {:14}| {:>10}    | {:>10}    |",
             ename,
             sal,
             comm.map_or("".to_string(), |v| v.to_string()));
}

Executes select statements and get the first rows:

use oracle::Connection;

// Connect to a database.
let conn = Connection::connect("scott", "tiger", "//localhost/XE")?;

let sql = "select ename, sal, comm from emp where empno = :1";

// Print the first row.
let row = conn.query_row(sql, &[&7369])?;
let ename: String = row.get("empno")?;
let sal: i32 = row.get("sal")?;
let comm: Option<i32> = row.get("comm")?;
println!("---------------|---------------|---------------|");
println!(" {:14}| {:>10}    | {:>10}    |",
         ename,
         sal,
         comm.map_or("".to_string(), |v| v.to_string()));
// When no rows are found, conn.query_row() returns `Err(Error::NoDataFound)`.

// Get the first row as a tupple
let row = conn.query_row_as::<(String, i32, Option<i32>)>(sql, &[&7566])?;
println!("---------------|---------------|---------------|");
println!(" {:14}| {:>10}    | {:>10}    |",
         row.0,
         row.1,
         row.2.map_or("".to_string(), |v| v.to_string()));

Executes non-select statements:

use oracle::Connection;

// Connect to a database.
let conn = Connection::connect("scott", "tiger", "//localhost/XE")?;

conn.execute("create table person (id number(38), name varchar2(40))", &[])?;

// Execute a statement with positional parameters.
conn.execute("insert into person values (:1, :2)",
             &[&1, // first parameter
               &"John" // second parameter
              ])?;

// Execute a statement with named parameters.
conn.execute_named("insert into person values (:id, :name)",
                   &[("id", &2), // 'id' parameter
                     ("name", &"Smith"), // 'name' parameter
                    ])?;

// Commit the transaction.
conn.commit()?;

// Delete rows
conn.execute("delete from person", &[])?;

// Rollback the transaction.
conn.rollback()?;

Prints column information:

use oracle::Connection;

// Connect to a database.
let conn = Connection::connect("scott", "tiger", "//localhost/XE")?;

let sql = "select ename, sal, comm from emp where 1 = 2";
let rows = conn.query(sql, &[])?;

// Print column names
for info in rows.column_info() {
    print!(" {:14}|", info.name());
}
println!("");

// Print column types
for info in rows.column_info() {
    print!(" {:14}|", info.oracle_type().to_string());
}
println!("");

Prepared statement:

use oracle::Connection;

let conn = Connection::connect("scott", "tiger", "//localhost/XE")?;

// Create a prepared statement
let mut stmt = conn.statement("insert into person values (:1, :2)").build()?;
// Insert one row
stmt.execute(&[&1, &"John"])?;
// Insert another row
stmt.execute(&[&2, &"Smith"])?;

This is more efficient than two conn.execute(). An SQL statement is executed in the DBMS as follows:

step 1. Parse the SQL statement and create an execution plan.
step 2. Execute the plan with bind parameters.

When a prepared statement is used, step 1 is called only once.

NLS_LANG parameter

NLS_LANG consists of three components: language, territory and charset. However the charset component is ignored and UTF-8(AL32UTF8) is used as charset because rust characters are UTF-8.

The territory component specifies numeric format, date format and so on. However it affects only conversion in Oracle. See the following example:

use oracle::Connection;

// The territory is France.
std::env::set_var("NLS_LANG", "french_france.AL32UTF8");
let conn = Connection::connect("scott", "tiger", "")?;

// 10.1 is converted to a string in Oracle and fetched as a string.
let result = conn.query_row_as::<String>("select to_char(10.1) from dual", &[])?;
assert_eq!(result, "10,1"); // The decimal mark depends on the territory.

// 10.1 is fetched as a number and converted to a string in rust-oracle
let result = conn.query_row_as::<String>("select 10.1 from dual", &[])?;
assert_eq!(result, "10.1"); // The decimal mark is always period(.).

Note that NLS_LANG must be set before first rust-oracle function execution if required.

TODO

BFILEs (External LOBs) (Note: Reading contents of BFILEs as Vec<u8> is supported.)
Scrollable cursors
Better Oracle object type support
XML data type
JSON data type

Other crates for connecting to Oracle:

Sibyl: an OCI-based interface supporting both blocking (threads) and nonblocking (async) API

Oracle-related crates:

r2d2-oracle: Oracle support for the r2d2 connection pool
bb8-oracle: bb8 connection pool support for oracle
include-oracle-sql: an extension of include-sql using Sibyl for database access

License

Rust-oracle and ODPI-C bundled in rust-oracle are under the terms of:

Modules

aq

Oracle Advanced Queuing (available when aq_unstable feature is enabled.)

conn

Type definitions for connection

io

Type definitions for I/O in characters

oci_attr

Rust-oracle is based on ODPI-C using Oracle Call Interface (OCI) internally. OCI treats resources as handles, which have various attributes documented here.

pool

Type definitions for connection pooling

sql_type

SQL data types