Module mkit::spinlock

Module spinlock implement read-write-spinlock, useful for non-blocking concurrency.

Blocking concurrency can have impact on latency. When operations that require rw-exclusion is going to be quick and short, we can use non-blocking primitives like latch-and-spin.

What is Latch and spin ?

In typical multi-core processors, concurrent read operations are always safe and consistent. But it becomes unsafe, when there is a writer concurrently modifying data while readers are loading it from memory.

Latch-and-lock mechanism can be used when we want to allow one or more concurrent writer(s) along with readers.

Imagine a door leading into a room. This door has some special properties:

1. The door has a latch and a lock.
2. A reader can enter the room only when the door is un-locked and un-latched.
3. A writer can enter the room only when the door is un-locked and, un-latched and, there are no other reader or writer in the room.
4. Once the door is latched by a writer, no other writer or reader can enter the room because of (2) and (3) properties. But all readers who are already inside the room can finish their job and then exit.
5. A writer can enter the room only after locking the door, which the writer can do only after all the readers have exited.
6. When trying to acquire read-permission or write-permission, the caller thread shall spin until all the conditions from (1) to (5) are met. Once a thread acquires necessary permission it can continue to finish its job and then release the permission.

Structs

ReadGuard	Type to handle read-latch, when latchlock gets dropped the latch is released.
Spinlock	Spinlock implements latch-and-spin mechanism for non-blocking concurrency.
Stats	Statistic type, to capture Spinlock metrics.
WriteGuard	Type to handle write-latch, when latchlock gets dropped the latch is released.