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//! Module containing all the parts for creating/encoding Mails. //! use std::{ ops::Deref, fmt, mem }; use soft_ascii_string::SoftAsciiString; use futures::{ future, Future, Async, Poll }; use media_type::BOUNDARY; use internals::{ MailType, encoder::EncodingBuffer }; use headers::{ Header, HeaderKind, HeaderMap, headers::{ ContentType, _From, ContentTransferEncoding, Date, MessageId, ContentDisposition, ContentId }, header_components::{ DateTime, MediaType }, error::{ HeaderValidationError, } }; use ::{ utils::SendBoxFuture, mime::create_structured_random_boundary, error::{ MailError, OtherValidationError, ResourceLoadingError }, resource::*, context::Context }; /// A type representing a Mail. /// /// This type is used to represent a mail including headers and body. /// It is also used for the bodies of multipart mime mail bodies as /// they can be seen as "sub-mails" or "hirachical nested mails", at /// last wrt. everything relevant on this type. /// /// A mail can be created using the `Builder` or more specific either /// the `SinglepartBuilder` or the `MultipartBuilder` for a multipart /// mime mail. /// /// # Example /// /// This will create, encode and print a simple plain text mail. /// /// ``` /// # extern crate futures; /// # extern crate mail_core; /// # extern crate mail_internals; /// # #[macro_use] extern crate mail_headers as headers; /// # use futures::Future; /// # use mail_internals::MailType; /// use std::str; /// // either from `mail::headers` or from `mail_header as headers` /// use headers::{ /// headers::*, /// header_components::Domain /// }; /// use mail_core::{ /// Mail, Resource, /// default_impl::simple_context /// }; /// /// # fn main() { /// // Domain will implement `from_str` in the future, /// // currently it doesn't have a validator/parser. /// let domain = Domain::from_unchecked("example.com".to_owned()); /// // Normally you create this _once per application_. /// let ctx = simple_context::new(domain, "xqi93".parse().unwrap()) /// .unwrap(); /// /// let mut mail = Mail::plain_text("Hy there!", &ctx); /// mail.insert_headers(headers! { /// _From: [("I'm Awesome", "bla@examle.com")], /// _To: ["unknow@example.com"], /// Subject: "Hy there message" /// }.unwrap()); /// /// // We don't added anythink which needs loading but we could have /// // and all of it would have been loaded concurrent and async. /// let encoded = mail.into_encodable_mail(ctx.clone()) /// .wait().unwrap() /// .encode_into_bytes(MailType::Ascii).unwrap(); /// /// let mail_str = str::from_utf8(&encoded).unwrap(); /// println!("{}", mail_str); /// # } /// ``` /// /// And here is an example to create the same mail using the /// builder: /// /// ``` /// # extern crate mail_core; /// # #[macro_use] extern crate mail_headers as headers; /// // either from `mail::headers` or from `mail_header as headers` /// use headers::{ /// headers::*, /// # header_components::Domain /// }; /// use mail_core::{Mail, Resource}; /// # use mail_core::default_impl::simple_context; /// /// # fn main() { /// # let domain = Domain::from_unchecked("example.com".to_owned()); /// # let ctx = simple_context::new(domain, "xqi93".parse().unwrap()).unwrap(); /// let resource = Resource::plain_text("Hy there!", &ctx); /// let mut mail = Mail::new_singlepart_mail(resource); /// mail.insert_headers(headers! { /// _From: [("I'm Awesome", "bla@examle.com")], /// _To: ["unknow@example.com"], /// Subject: "Hy there message" /// }.unwrap()); /// # } /// ``` /// /// And here is an example creating a multipart mail /// with a made up `multipart` type. /// /// ``` /// # extern crate mail_core; /// # #[macro_use] extern crate mail_headers as headers; /// // either from `mail::headers` or from `mail_header as headers` /// use headers::{ /// headers::*, /// header_components::{ /// MediaType, /// # Domain, /// } /// }; /// use mail_core::{Mail, Resource}; /// # use mail_core::default_impl::simple_context; /// /// # fn main() { /// # let domain = Domain::from_unchecked("example.com".to_owned()); /// # let ctx = simple_context::new(domain, "xqi93".parse().unwrap()).unwrap(); /// let sub_body1 = Mail::plain_text("Body 1", &ctx); /// let sub_body2 = Mail::plain_text("Body 2, yay", &ctx); /// /// // This will generate `multipart/x.made-up-think; boundary=randome_generate_boundary` /// let media_type = MediaType::new("multipart", "x.made-up-thing").unwrap(); /// let mut mail = Mail::new_multipart_mail(media_type, vec![sub_body1, sub_body2]); /// mail.insert_headers(headers! { /// _From: [("I'm Awesome", "bla@examle.com")], /// _To: ["unknow@example.com"], /// Subject: "Hy there message" /// }.unwrap()); /// # } /// ``` #[derive(Clone, Debug)] pub struct Mail { headers: HeaderMap, body: MailBody, } /// A type which either represents a single body, or multiple modies. /// /// Note that you could have a mime multipart body just containing a /// single body _and_ it being semantically important to be this way, /// so we have to differ between both kinds (instead of just having /// a `Vec` of mails) #[derive(Clone, Debug)] pub enum MailBody { SingleBody { body: Resource }, MultipleBodies { //TODO[now]: use Vec1 bodies: Vec<Mail>, /// This is part of the standard! But we won't /// make it public available for now. Through /// there is a chance that we need to do so /// in the future as some mechanisms might /// misuse this, well unusual think. hidden_text: SoftAsciiString } } impl Mail { /// Create a new plain text mail. /// /// This will /// /// - turn the `text` into a `String` /// - generate a new ContentId using the context /// - create a `Resource` from the `String` /// (with content type `text/plain; charset=utf-8`) /// - create a mail from the resource /// pub fn plain_text(text: impl Into<String>, ctx: &impl Context) -> Self { let resource = Resource::plain_text(text.into(), ctx); Mail::new_singlepart_mail(resource) } /// Returns true if the body of the mail is a multipart body. pub fn has_multipart_body(&self) -> bool { self.body.is_multipart() } /// Create a new multipart mail with given content type and given bodies. /// /// Note that while the given `content_type` has to be a `multipart` content /// type (when encoding the mail) it is not required nor expected to have the /// boundary parameter. The boundary will always be automatically generated /// independently of wether or not it was passed as media type. pub fn new_multipart_mail(content_type: MediaType, bodies: Vec<Mail>) -> Self { let mut headers = HeaderMap::new(); headers.insert(ContentType::body(content_type)); Mail { headers, body: MailBody::MultipleBodies { bodies, hidden_text: SoftAsciiString::new() } } } /// Create a new non-multipart mail for given `Resource` as body. pub fn new_singlepart_mail(body: Resource) -> Self { let headers = HeaderMap::new(); Mail { headers, body: MailBody::SingleBody { body } } } /// Inserts a new header into the header map. /// /// This will call `insert` on the inner `HeaderMap`, /// which means all behavior of `HeaderMap::insert` /// does apply, like e.g. the "max one" behavior. pub fn insert_header<H>(&mut self, header: Header<H>) where H: HeaderKind { self.headers_mut().insert(header); } /// Inserts all headers into the inner header map. /// /// This will call `HeaderMap::insert_all` internally /// which means all behavior of `HeaderMap::insert` /// does apply, like e.g. the "max one" behavior. pub fn insert_headers(&mut self, headers: HeaderMap) { self.headers_mut().insert_all(headers); } /// Returns a reference to the currently set headers. /// /// Note that some headers namely `Content-Transfer-Encoding` as well /// as `Content-Type` for singlepart mails are derived from the content /// and _should not_ be set. If done so they are either ignored or an /// error is caused by them in other parts of the crate (like e.g. encoding). /// Also `Date` is auto-generated if not set and it is needed. pub fn headers(&self) -> &HeaderMap { &self.headers } /// Return a mutable reference to the currently set headers. pub fn headers_mut(&mut self) -> &mut HeaderMap { &mut self.headers } /// Returns a reference to the body/bodies. pub fn body(&self) -> &MailBody { &self.body } /// Return a mutable reference to the body/bodies. pub fn body_mut(&mut self) -> &mut MailBody { &mut self.body } /// Validate the mail. /// /// This will mainly validate the mail headers by /// /// - checking if no ContentTransferHeader is given /// - (for mails with multipart bodies) checking if the content type /// is a `multipart` media type /// - (for mail with non-multipart bodies) check if there is _no_ /// content type header (as the content type header will be derived /// from he `Resource`) /// - running all header validators (with `use_contextual_validators`) this /// also checks for "max one" consistency (see `HeaderMap`'s documentation /// for more details) /// - doing this recursively with all contained mails /// /// Note that this will be called by `into_encodable_mail`, therefor /// it is normally not required to call this function by yourself. /// /// **Be aware that this does a general validation applicable to both the /// top level headers and headers from multipart mail sub bodies.** This /// means it e.g. doesn't check if there are any of the required headers /// (`Date` and `From`). pub fn generally_validate_mail(&self) -> Result<(), MailError> { if self.has_multipart_body() { validate_multipart_headermap(self.headers())?; } else { validate_singlepart_headermap(self.headers())?; } match self.body() { &MailBody::SingleBody { .. } => {}, &MailBody::MultipleBodies { ref bodies, .. } => { for body in bodies { body.generally_validate_mail()?; } } } Ok(()) } /// Turns the mail into a future with resolves to an `EncodableMail`. /// /// While this future resolves it will do following thinks: /// /// 1. Validate the mail. /// - This uses `generally_validate_mail`. /// - Additionally it does check for required top level headers /// which will not be auto-generated (the `From` header). /// /// 2. Make sure all resources are loaded and transfer encoded. /// - This will concurrently load + transfer encode all resources /// replacing the old resource instances with the new loaded and /// encoded ones once all of them had been loaded (and encoded) /// successfully. /// /// 3. Insert all auto generated headers (like e.g. `Date`). /// /// 4. Insert boundary parameters into all multipart media types /// (overriding any existing one). /// /// Use this if you want to encode a mail. This is needed as `Resource` /// instances used in the mail are loaded "on-demand", i.e. if you attach /// two images but never turn the mail into an encodable mail the images /// are never loaded from disk. /// pub fn into_encodable_mail<C: Context>(self, ctx: C) -> MailFuture<C> { MailFuture::new(self, ctx) } /// Visit all mail bodies, the visiting order is deterministic. /// /// This function guarantees to have the same visiting order as /// `visit_mail_bodies_mut` as long as the mail has not been changed. /// /// So the 3rd visit in a `visit_mail_bodies` and the 3rd visit in a later /// `visit_mail_bodies_mut` are guaranteed to pass in a reference **to the /// same Resource` (assuming the mail had not been modified in it's structure /// in between). fn visit_mail_bodies<FN>(&self, use_it_fn: &mut FN) where FN: FnMut(&Resource) { use self::MailBody::*; match self.body { SingleBody { ref body } => use_it_fn(body), MultipleBodies { ref bodies, .. } => for body in bodies { body.visit_mail_bodies(use_it_fn) } } } /// Visit all mail bodies, the visiting order is deterministic. /// /// See `visit_mail_bodies` for a listing of **visiting order guarantees** given /// by this function. fn visit_mail_bodies_mut<FN>(&mut self, use_it_fn: &mut FN) where FN: FnMut(&mut Resource) { use self::MailBody::*; match self.body { SingleBody { ref mut body } => use_it_fn(body), MultipleBodies { ref mut bodies, .. } => for body in bodies { body.visit_mail_bodies_mut(use_it_fn) } } } } impl MailBody { /// Returns `true` if it's an multipart body. pub fn is_multipart(&self) -> bool { use self::MailBody::*; match *self { SingleBody { .. } => false, MultipleBodies { .. } => true } } } /// A future resolving to an encodable mail. pub struct MailFuture<C: Context> { inner: InnerMailFuture<C> } enum InnerMailFuture<C: Context> { New { mail: Mail, ctx: C }, Loading { mail: Mail, pending: future::JoinAll<Vec<SendBoxFuture<EncData, ResourceLoadingError>>>, ctx: C }, Poison } impl<C> MailFuture<C> where C: Context { fn new(mail: Mail, ctx: C) -> Self { MailFuture { inner: InnerMailFuture::New { mail, ctx } } } } impl<T> Future for MailFuture<T> where T: Context, { type Item = EncodableMail; type Error = MailError; fn poll(&mut self) -> Poll<Self::Item, Self::Error> { use self::InnerMailFuture::*; loop { let state = mem::replace(&mut self.inner, InnerMailFuture::Poison); match state { New { mail, ctx } => { mail.generally_validate_mail()?; top_level_validation(&mail)?; let mut futures = Vec::new(); mail.visit_mail_bodies(&mut |resource: &Resource| { let fut = ctx.load_transfer_encoded_resource(resource); futures.push(fut); }); mem::replace( &mut self.inner, InnerMailFuture::Loading { mail, ctx, pending: future::join_all(futures) } ); }, Loading { mut mail, mut pending, ctx } => { match pending.poll() { Err(err) => return Err(err.into()), Ok(Async::NotReady) => { mem::replace( &mut self.inner, InnerMailFuture::Loading { mail, pending, ctx } ); return Ok(Async::NotReady); }, Ok(Async::Ready(encoded_bodies)) => { auto_gen_headers(&mut mail, encoded_bodies, &ctx); return Ok(Async::Ready(EncodableMail(mail))); } } }, Poison => panic!("called again after completion (through value, error or panic)") } } } } /// a mail with all contained futures resolved, so that it can be encoded #[derive(Clone)] pub struct EncodableMail(Mail); impl EncodableMail { /// Encode the mail using the given encoding buffer. /// /// After encoding succeeded the buffer should contain /// a fully encoded mail including all attachments, embedded /// images alternate bodies etc. /// /// # Error /// /// This can fail for a large number of reasons, e.g. some /// input can not be encoded with the given mail type or /// some headers/resources breack the mails hard line length limit. pub fn encode(&self, encoder: &mut EncodingBuffer) -> Result<(), MailError> { ::encode::encode_mail(self, true, encoder) } /// A wrapper for `encode` which will create a buffer, enocde the mail and then returns the buffers content. pub fn encode_into_bytes(&self, mail_type: MailType) -> Result<Vec<u8>, MailError> { let mut buffer = EncodingBuffer::new(mail_type); self.encode(&mut buffer)?; Ok(buffer.into()) } } fn top_level_validation(mail: &Mail) -> Result<(), HeaderValidationError> { if mail.headers().contains(_From) { Ok(()) } else { Err(OtherValidationError::NoFrom.into()) } } /// insert auto-generated headers like `Date`, `Message-Id` and `Content-Id` fn auto_gen_headers<C: Context>( mail: &mut Mail, encoded_resources: Vec<EncData>, ctx: &C ) { { let headers = mail.headers_mut(); if !headers.contains(Date) { headers.insert(Date::body(DateTime::now())); } if !headers.contains(MessageId) { headers.insert(MessageId::body(ctx.generate_message_id())); } } let mut iter = encoded_resources.into_iter(); mail.visit_mail_bodies_mut(&mut move |resource: &mut Resource| { let enc_data = iter.next() .expect("[BUG] mail structure modified while turing it into encoded mail"); mem::replace(resource, Resource::EncData(enc_data)); }); let mut boundary_count = 0; recursive_auto_gen_headers(mail, &mut boundary_count, ctx); // Make sure no **top-level** body has a content-id field, as it already has a Message-Id mail.headers_mut().remove(ContentId); } /// returns the `EncData` from a resource /// /// # Panics /// /// Panics if the resource is not transfer encoded pub(crate) fn assume_encoded(resource: &Resource) -> &EncData { match resource { &Resource::EncData(ref ed) => ed, _ => panic!("[BUG] auto gen/encode should only be called on all resources are loaded") } } /// Auto-generates some headers for any body including non top-level mail bodies. /// /// For mails which are not multipart mails this does: /// - set metadata for the `Content-Disposition` header (e.g. `file-name`, `read-date`, ...) /// - insert a `Content-Id` header /// - this overwrites any already contained content-id header /// /// For multipart mails this does: /// - create/overwrite the boundary for the `Content-Type` header /// - call this method for all bodies in the multipart body fn recursive_auto_gen_headers<C: Context>(mail: &mut Mail, boundary_count: &mut usize, ctx: &C) { let &mut Mail { ref mut headers, ref mut body } = mail; match body { &mut MailBody::SingleBody { ref mut body } => { let data = assume_encoded(body); if let Some(Ok(disposition)) = headers.get_single_mut(ContentDisposition) { let current_file_meta_mut = disposition.file_meta_mut(); current_file_meta_mut.replace_empty_fields_with(data.file_meta()) } headers.insert(ContentId::body(data.content_id().clone())); }, &mut MailBody::MultipleBodies { ref mut bodies, .. } => { let mut headers: &mut HeaderMap = headers; let content_type: &mut Header<ContentType> = headers .get_single_mut(ContentType) .expect("[BUG] mail was already validated") .expect("[BUG] mail was already validated"); let boundary = create_structured_random_boundary(*boundary_count); *boundary_count += 1; content_type.set_param(BOUNDARY, boundary); for sub_mail in bodies { recursive_auto_gen_headers(sub_mail, boundary_count, ctx); } } } } pub(crate) fn validate_multipart_headermap(headers: &HeaderMap) -> Result<(), MailError> { if headers.contains(ContentTransferEncoding) { return Err(OtherValidationError::ContentTransferEncodingHeaderGiven.into()); } if let Some(header) = headers.get_single(ContentType) { let header_with_right_type = header?; if !header_with_right_type.is_multipart() { return Err(OtherValidationError::SingleMultipartMixup.into()); } } else { return Err(OtherValidationError::MissingContentTypeHeader.into()); } headers.use_contextual_validators()?; Ok(()) } pub(crate) fn validate_singlepart_headermap(headers: &HeaderMap) -> Result<(), HeaderValidationError> { if headers.contains(ContentTransferEncoding) { return Err(OtherValidationError::ContentTransferEncodingHeaderGiven.into()); } if headers.contains(ContentType) { return Err(OtherValidationError::ContentTypeHeaderGiven.into()); } headers.use_contextual_validators()?; Ok(()) } impl Deref for EncodableMail { type Target = Mail; fn deref( &self ) -> &Self::Target { &self.0 } } impl Into<Mail> for EncodableMail { fn into(self) -> Mail { let EncodableMail(mail) = self; mail } } impl fmt::Debug for EncodableMail { fn fmt(&self, fter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result { write!(fter, "EncodableMail {{ .. }}") } } #[cfg(test)] mod test { use std::fmt::Debug; trait AssertDebug: Debug {} trait AssertSend: Send {} trait AssertSync: Sync {} mod Mail { #![allow(non_snake_case)] use headers::{ headers::{ Subject, Comments } }; use default_impl::test_context; use super::super::*; use super::{AssertDebug, AssertSend, AssertSync}; impl AssertDebug for Mail {} impl AssertSend for Mail {} impl AssertSync for Mail {} #[test] fn visit_mail_bodies_does_not_skip() { let ctx = test_context(); let mail = Mail { headers: HeaderMap::new(), body: MailBody::MultipleBodies { bodies: vec! [ Mail { headers: HeaderMap::new(), body: MailBody::MultipleBodies { bodies: vec! [ Mail { headers: HeaderMap::new(), body: MailBody::SingleBody { body: Resource::plain_text("r1", &ctx) } }, Mail { headers: HeaderMap::new(), body: MailBody::SingleBody { body: Resource::plain_text("r2", &ctx) } } ], hidden_text: Default::default() } }, Mail { headers: HeaderMap::new(), body: MailBody::SingleBody { body: Resource::plain_text("r3", &ctx) } } ], hidden_text: Default::default() } }; let mut body_count = 0; mail.visit_mail_bodies(&mut |body: &Resource| { if let &Resource::Data(ref body) = body { assert_eq!( [ "r1", "r2", "r3"][body_count].as_bytes(), body.buffer().as_ref() ) } else { panic!("unexpected body: {:?}", body); } body_count += 1; }); assert_eq!(body_count, 3); } test!(insert_header_set_a_header, { let ctx = test_context(); let mut mail = Mail::plain_text("r0", &ctx); mail.insert_header(Subject::auto_body("hy")?); assert!(mail.headers().contains(Subject)); }); test!(insert_headers_sets_all_headers, { let ctx = test_context(); let mut mail = Mail::plain_text("r0", &ctx); mail.insert_headers(headers! { Subject: "yes", Comments: "so much" }?); assert!(mail.headers().contains(Subject)); assert!(mail.headers().contains(Comments)); }); } mod EncodableMail { #![allow(non_snake_case)] use chrono::{Utc, TimeZone}; use headers::{ headers::{ _From, ContentType, ContentTransferEncoding, Date, Subject } }; use default_impl::test_context; use super::super::*; use super::{AssertDebug, AssertSend, AssertSync}; impl AssertDebug for EncodableMail {} impl AssertSend for EncodableMail {} impl AssertSync for EncodableMail {} #[test] fn sets_generated_headers_for_outer_mail() { let ctx = test_context(); let resource = Resource::plain_text("r9", &ctx); let mail = Mail { headers: headers!{ _From: ["random@this.is.no.mail"], Subject: "hoho" }.unwrap(), body: MailBody::SingleBody { body: resource } }; let enc_mail = assert_ok!(mail.into_encodable_mail(ctx).wait()); let headers: &HeaderMap = enc_mail.headers(); assert!(headers.contains(_From)); assert!(headers.contains(Subject)); assert!(headers.contains(Date)); // ContenType/TransferEncoding are added on the fly when encoding // for leaf bodies assert_not!(headers.contains(ContentType)); assert_not!(headers.contains(ContentTransferEncoding)); assert!(headers.contains(MessageId)); assert_eq!(headers.len(), 4); } #[test] fn sets_generated_headers_for_sub_mails() { let ctx = test_context(); let resource = Resource::plain_text("r9", &ctx); let mail = Mail { headers: headers!{ _From: ["random@this.is.no.mail"], Subject: "hoho", ContentType: "multipart/mixed" }.unwrap(), body: MailBody::MultipleBodies { bodies: vec![ Mail { headers: HeaderMap::new(), body: MailBody::SingleBody { body: resource } } ], hidden_text: Default::default() } }; let mail = mail.into_encodable_mail(ctx).wait().unwrap(); assert!(mail.headers().contains(_From)); assert!(mail.headers().contains(Subject)); assert!(mail.headers().contains(Date)); assert!(mail.headers().contains(ContentType)); assert_not!(mail.headers().contains(ContentTransferEncoding)); if let MailBody::MultipleBodies { ref bodies, ..} = mail.body { let headers = bodies[0].headers(); assert_not!(headers.contains(Date)); } else { unreachable!() } } #[test] fn runs_contextual_validators() { let ctx = test_context(); let mail = Mail { headers: headers!{ _From: ["random@this.is.no.mail", "u.p.s@s.p.u"], Subject: "hoho" }.unwrap(), body: MailBody::SingleBody { body: Resource::plain_text("r9", &ctx) } }; assert_err!(mail.into_encodable_mail(ctx).wait()); } #[test] fn checks_there_is_from() { let ctx = test_context(); let mail = Mail { headers: headers!{ Subject: "hoho" }.unwrap(), body: MailBody::SingleBody { body: Resource::plain_text("r9", &ctx) } }; assert_err!(mail.into_encodable_mail(ctx).wait()); } test!(does_not_override_date_if_set, { let ctx = test_context(); let provided_date = Utc.ymd(1992, 5, 25).and_hms(23, 41, 12); let mut mail = Mail::plain_text("r9", &ctx); mail.insert_headers(headers! { _From: ["random@this.is.no.mail"], Subject: "hoho", Date: provided_date.clone() }?); let enc_mail = assert_ok!(mail.into_encodable_mail(ctx).wait()); let used_date = enc_mail.headers() .get_single(Date) .unwrap() .unwrap(); assert_eq!(&**used_date.body(), &provided_date); }); } }