lexical
Fast lexical conversion routines for both std and no_std environments. Lexical provides routines to convert numbers to and from decimal strings. Lexical also supports non-base 10 numbers, for both integers and floats. Lexical is simple to use, and exports only 6 functions in the high-level API.
Lexical heavily uses unsafe code for performance, and therefore may introduce memory-safety issues. Although the code is tested with wide variety of inputs to minimize the risk of memory-safety bugs, no guarantees are made and you should use it at your own risk.
Table of Contents
Getting Started
Add lexical to your Cargo.toml
:
lexical = "1.0"
And get started using lexical:
extern crate lexical;
// Number to string
to_string; // "3.0", always has a fraction suffix,
to_string; // "3"
to_string_digits; // "11.0", non-base 10 representation.
to_string_digits; // "1.1"
to_string_digits; // "1.01"
// String to number.
let i: i32 = parse; // 3, auto-type deduction.
let f: f32 = parse; // 3.5
let d = ; // 3.5, explicit type hints.
let d = ; // Ok(3.5), error checking parse.
let d = ; // Err(1), failed to parse.
Lexical's parsers can be either error-checked and unchecked. The unchecked parsers continue to parse until they encounter invalid data, returning a number was successfully parsed up until that point. This is analogous to C's strtod
, which may not be desirable for many applications. Therefore, lexical also includes checked parsers, which ensure the entire buffer is used while parsing and do not discard any characters. Upon erroring, the checked parsers will return the index where the invalid data was found.
// This will return Err(3), indicating the first invalid character
// occurred at the index 3 in the input string (the space character).
let x: i32 = try_parse;
// This will return 123, since that is the value found before invalid
// character was encountered.
let x: i32 = parse;
Benchmarks
The following benchmarks measure the time it takes to convert 10,000 random values, for different types. The values were randomly generated using NumPy, and run in both std (rustc 1.29.2) and no_std (rustc 1.31.0) contexts (only std is shown) on an x86-64 Intel processor. More information on these benchmarks can be found in the benches folder and in the source code for the respective algorithms.
For all the following benchmarks, lower is better.
Float to String
Integer To String
String to Float
String to Integer
Furthermore, for number-to-string conversions, lexical's performance is comparable to (if not slightly faster) than dtoa and itoa, despite supporting more functionality than either (including non-base 10 representations).
Float to String
Integer To String
Documentation
Lexical's documentation can be found on docs.rs.
Details
The float-to-string implementation uses the Grisu2 algorithm for speed, which for ~0.5% of inputs may return the non-shortest representation.
For more information on the Grisu2 algorithm and other floating-point representation algorithms, see Printing Floating-Point Numbers Quickly and Accurately with Integers.
License
Lexical is dual licensed under the Apache 2.0 license as well as the MIT license. See the LICENCE-MIT and the LICENCE-APACHE files for the licenses.
Lexical also ports some code from V8 and fpconv, and therefore might be subject to the terms of a 3-clause BSD license.
Contributing
Unless you explicitly state otherwise, any contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in lexical by you, as defined in the Apache-2.0 license, shall be dual licensed as above, without any additional terms or conditions.