Struct hyper::header::From [] [src]

pub struct From(pub String);

From header, defined in RFC7231

The From header field contains an Internet email address for a human user who controls the requesting user agent. The address ought to be machine-usable.

ABNF

From    = mailbox
mailbox = <mailbox, see [RFC5322], Section 3.4>

Example

use hyper::header::{Headers, From};

let mut headers = Headers::new();
headers.set(From("webmaster@example.org".to_owned()));

Methods from Deref<Target = String>

1.0.0
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Converts a String into a byte vector.

This consumes the String, so we do not need to copy its contents.

Examples

Basic usage:

let s = String::from("hello");
let bytes = s.into_bytes();

assert_eq!(&[104, 101, 108, 108, 111][..], &bytes[..]);

1.7.0
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Extracts a string slice containing the entire string.

Examples

Basic usage:

let s = String::from("foo");

assert_eq!("foo", s.as_str());

1.7.0
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Converts a String into a mutable string slice.

Examples

Basic usage:

use std::ascii::AsciiExt;

let mut s = String::from("foobar");
let s_mut_str = s.as_mut_str();

s_mut_str.make_ascii_uppercase();

assert_eq!("FOOBAR", s_mut_str);

1.0.0
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Appends a given string slice onto the end of this String.

Examples

Basic usage:

let mut s = String::from("foo");

s.push_str("bar");

assert_eq!("foobar", s);

1.0.0
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Returns this String's capacity, in bytes.

Examples

Basic usage:

let s = String::with_capacity(10);

assert!(s.capacity() >= 10);

1.0.0
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Ensures that this String's capacity is at least additional bytes larger than its length.

The capacity may be increased by more than additional bytes if it chooses, to prevent frequent reallocations.

If you do not want this "at least" behavior, see the reserve_exact method.

Panics

Panics if the new capacity overflows usize.

Examples

Basic usage:

let mut s = String::new();

s.reserve(10);

assert!(s.capacity() >= 10);

This may not actually increase the capacity:

let mut s = String::with_capacity(10);
s.push('a');
s.push('b');

// s now has a length of 2 and a capacity of 10
assert_eq!(2, s.len());
assert_eq!(10, s.capacity());

// Since we already have an extra 8 capacity, calling this...
s.reserve(8);

// ... doesn't actually increase.
assert_eq!(10, s.capacity());

1.0.0
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Ensures that this String's capacity is additional bytes larger than its length.

Consider using the reserve method unless you absolutely know better than the allocator.

Panics

Panics if the new capacity overflows usize.

Examples

Basic usage:

let mut s = String::new();

s.reserve_exact(10);

assert!(s.capacity() >= 10);

This may not actually increase the capacity:

let mut s = String::with_capacity(10);
s.push('a');
s.push('b');

// s now has a length of 2 and a capacity of 10
assert_eq!(2, s.len());
assert_eq!(10, s.capacity());

// Since we already have an extra 8 capacity, calling this...
s.reserve_exact(8);

// ... doesn't actually increase.
assert_eq!(10, s.capacity());

1.0.0
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Shrinks the capacity of this String to match its length.

Examples

Basic usage:

let mut s = String::from("foo");

s.reserve(100);
assert!(s.capacity() >= 100);

s.shrink_to_fit();
assert_eq!(3, s.capacity());

1.0.0
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Appends the given char to the end of this String.

Examples

Basic usage:

let mut s = String::from("abc");

s.push('1');
s.push('2');
s.push('3');

assert_eq!("abc123", s);

1.0.0
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Returns a byte slice of this String's contents.

The inverse of this method is from_utf8.

Examples

Basic usage:

let s = String::from("hello");

assert_eq!(&[104, 101, 108, 108, 111], s.as_bytes());

1.0.0
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Shortens this String to the specified length.

If new_len is greater than the string's current length, this has no effect.

Note that this method has no effect on the allocated capacity of the string

Panics

Panics if new_len does not lie on a char boundary.

Examples

Basic usage:

let mut s = String::from("hello");

s.truncate(2);

assert_eq!("he", s);

1.0.0
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Removes the last character from the string buffer and returns it.

Returns None if this String is empty.

Examples

Basic usage:

let mut s = String::from("foo");

assert_eq!(s.pop(), Some('o'));
assert_eq!(s.pop(), Some('o'));
assert_eq!(s.pop(), Some('f'));

assert_eq!(s.pop(), None);

1.0.0
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Removes a char from this String at a byte position and returns it.

This is an O(n) operation, as it requires copying every element in the buffer.

Panics

Panics if idx is larger than or equal to the String's length, or if it does not lie on a char boundary.

Examples

Basic usage:

let mut s = String::from("foo");

assert_eq!(s.remove(0), 'f');
assert_eq!(s.remove(1), 'o');
assert_eq!(s.remove(0), 'o');

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🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (string_retain)

Retains only the characters specified by the predicate.

In other words, remove all characters c such that f(c) returns false. This method operates in place and preserves the order of the retained characters.

Examples

#![feature(string_retain)]

let mut s = String::from("f_o_ob_ar");

s.retain(|c| c != '_');

assert_eq!(s, "foobar");

1.0.0
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Inserts a character into this String at a byte position.

This is an O(n) operation as it requires copying every element in the buffer.

Panics

Panics if idx is larger than the String's length, or if it does not lie on a char boundary.

Examples

Basic usage:

let mut s = String::with_capacity(3);

s.insert(0, 'f');
s.insert(1, 'o');
s.insert(2, 'o');

assert_eq!("foo", s);

1.16.0
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Inserts a string slice into this String at a byte position.

This is an O(n) operation as it requires copying every element in the buffer.

Panics

Panics if idx is larger than the String's length, or if it does not lie on a char boundary.

Examples

Basic usage:

let mut s = String::from("bar");

s.insert_str(0, "foo");

assert_eq!("foobar", s);

1.0.0
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Returns a mutable reference to the contents of this String.

Safety

This function is unsafe because it does not check that the bytes passed to it are valid UTF-8. If this constraint is violated, it may cause memory unsafety issues with future users of the String, as the rest of the standard library assumes that Strings are valid UTF-8.

Examples

Basic usage:

let mut s = String::from("hello");

unsafe {
    let vec = s.as_mut_vec();
    assert_eq!(&[104, 101, 108, 108, 111][..], &vec[..]);

    vec.reverse();
}
assert_eq!(s, "olleh");

1.0.0
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Returns the length of this String, in bytes.

Examples

Basic usage:

let a = String::from("foo");

assert_eq!(a.len(), 3);

1.0.0
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Returns true if this String has a length of zero.

Returns false otherwise.

Examples

Basic usage:

let mut v = String::new();
assert!(v.is_empty());

v.push('a');
assert!(!v.is_empty());

1.16.0
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Splits the string into two at the given index.

Returns a newly allocated String. self contains bytes [0, at), and the returned String contains bytes [at, len). at must be on the boundary of a UTF-8 code point.

Note that the capacity of self does not change.

Panics

Panics if at is not on a UTF-8 code point boundary, or if it is beyond the last code point of the string.

Examples

let mut hello = String::from("Hello, World!");
let world = hello.split_off(7);
assert_eq!(hello, "Hello, ");
assert_eq!(world, "World!");

1.0.0
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Truncates this String, removing all contents.

While this means the String will have a length of zero, it does not touch its capacity.

Examples

Basic usage:

let mut s = String::from("foo");

s.clear();

assert!(s.is_empty());
assert_eq!(0, s.len());
assert_eq!(3, s.capacity());

1.6.0
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Creates a draining iterator that removes the specified range in the string and yields the removed chars.

Note: The element range is removed even if the iterator is not consumed until the end.

Panics

Panics if the starting point or end point do not lie on a char boundary, or if they're out of bounds.

Examples

Basic usage:

let mut s = String::from("α is alpha, β is beta");
let beta_offset = s.find('β').unwrap_or(s.len());

// Remove the range up until the β from the string
let t: String = s.drain(..beta_offset).collect();
assert_eq!(t, "α is alpha, ");
assert_eq!(s, "β is beta");

// A full range clears the string
s.drain(..);
assert_eq!(s, "");

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🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (splice)

recently added

Creates a splicing iterator that removes the specified range in the string, and replaces it with the given string. The given string doesn't need to be the same length as the range.

Note: Unlike Vec::splice, the replacement happens eagerly, and this method does not return the removed chars.

Panics

Panics if the starting point or end point do not lie on a char boundary, or if they're out of bounds.

Examples

Basic usage:

#![feature(splice)]
let mut s = String::from("α is alpha, β is beta");
let beta_offset = s.find('β').unwrap_or(s.len());

// Replace the range up until the β from the string
s.splice(..beta_offset, "Α is capital alpha; ");
assert_eq!(s, "Α is capital alpha; β is beta");

1.4.0
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Converts this String into a Box<str>.

This will drop any excess capacity.

Examples

Basic usage:

let s = String::from("hello");

let b = s.into_boxed_str();

Trait Implementations

impl Clone for From
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Returns a copy of the value. Read more

1.0.0
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Performs copy-assignment from source. Read more

impl Debug for From
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Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl PartialEq for From
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This method tests for self and other values to be equal, and is used by ==. Read more

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This method tests for !=.

impl Deref for From
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The resulting type after dereferencing.

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Dereferences the value.

impl DerefMut for From
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Mutably dereferences the value.

impl Header for From
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Returns the name of the header field this belongs to. Read more

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Parse a header from a raw stream of bytes. Read more

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Format a header to outgoing stream. Read more

impl Display for From
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Formats the value using the given formatter. Read more