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//! Request and response body. content-encoding, charset etc. use crate::body_codec::{BodyCodec, BodyImpl}; use crate::bw::BandwidthMonitor; use crate::charset::CharCodec; use crate::head_ext::HeaderMapExt; use crate::params::HReqParams; use crate::uninit::UninitBuf; use crate::AsyncRead; use crate::AsyncRuntime; use crate::Error; use encoding_rs::Encoding; use futures_util::future::poll_fn; use futures_util::io::AsyncReadExt; use futures_util::ready; use serde::de::DeserializeOwned; use serde::Serialize; use std::fmt; use std::future::Future; use std::io; use std::io::Cursor; use std::io::Read; use std::pin::Pin; use std::sync::Arc; use std::task::{Context, Poll}; const CT_TEXT: &str = "text/plain; charset=utf-8"; const CT_BIN: &str = "application/octet-stream"; const CT_JSON: &str = "application/json; charset=utf-8"; /// Body of an http request or response. /// /// # Creating a body /// /// Bodies are created either by using a constructor function, or the `Into` trait. The /// into trait can be used where rust knows the result should be `Body` such as in the request /// builder `.send()`. /// /// ```no_run /// use hreq::prelude::*; /// /// let res = Request::post("https://post-to-server/") /// // send has Into<Body> type, which means we can /// // provide the Into type straight up /// .send("some body content") /// .block().unwrap(); /// ``` /// /// Or if we use `.into()` explcitly. /// /// ```no_run /// use hreq::Body; /// /// // call into() to get a Body /// let body: Body = "some body content".into(); /// ``` /// /// The constructor with corresponding expression usable with `Into`. /// /// | Constructor | Into | /// |----------------------------------------|----------------------| /// | `Body::empty()` | `()` | /// | `Body::from_str("abc")` | `"abc"` | /// | `Body::from_string("abc".to_string())` | `"abc".to_string()` | /// | `Body::from_bytes(&[42_u8, 43_u8])` | `&[42_u8, 43_u8]` | /// | `Body::from_vec(vec![42_u8, 43_u8])` | `vec![42_u8, 43_u8]` | /// | `Body::from_file(file)` | `file` | /// | `Body::from_async_read(reader, None)` | - | /// | `Body::from_sync_read(reader, None)` | - | /// /// ## Readers and performance /// /// The most performant way provide a large body is as an `AsyncRead`. /// It will be streamed through hreq without using up too much memory. /// /// Sync readers risks blocking the async runtime. This is not a big /// concern if the reader is something like a `std::io::Cursor` over /// a slice of memory, or maybe even a `std::fs::File` with a fast /// disk. /// /// ## charset encoding /// /// hreq automatically encodes the request body's character encoding /// for MIME types starting `text/`. /// /// The mechanic is triggered by setting a `content-type` request header /// with the charset that is wanted: /// /// * `content-type: text/html charset=iso8859-1` /// /// The source material encoding is assumed to be `utf-8` unless /// changed by [`charset_encode_source`]. /// /// The behavior can be completely disabled using [`charset_encode`]. /// /// ### compression /// /// hreq can compress the request body. The mechanic is triggered by setting /// a `content-encoding` header with the compression algorithm. /// /// * `content-encoding: gzip` /// /// The only supported algorithm is `gzip`. /// /// # Reading a body /// /// hreq provides a number of ways to read the contents of a body. /// /// * [`Body.read()`] /// * [`Body.read_to_vec()`] /// * [`Body.read_to_string()`] /// * [`Body.read_and_discard()`] /// /// Finaly `Body` implements `AsyncRead`, which means that in many cases, it can be used /// as is in rust's async ecosystem. /// /// ```no_run /// use hreq::prelude::*; /// use futures_util::io::AsyncReadExt; /// /// let res = Request::get("https://my-special-host/") /// .call().block().unwrap(); /// /// let mut body = res.into_body(); /// let mut first_ten = vec![0_u8; 10]; /// // read_exact comes from AsyncReadExt /// body.read_exact(&mut first_ten[..]).block().unwrap(); /// ``` /// /// ## charset decoding /// /// hreq automatically decodes the response body's character encoding /// for MIME types starting `text/`. /// /// The mechanic is triggered by receving a `content-type` response header /// with the charset of the incoming body: /// /// * `content-type: text/html charset=iso8859-1` /// /// The wanted charset is assumed to be `utf-8` unless changed by [`charset_decode_target`]. /// /// The function can be disabled by using [`charset_decode`]. /// /// ## compression /// /// hreq decompresses the request body. The mechanic is triggered by the presence /// of a `content-encoding: gzip` response header. /// /// One can "ask" the server to compress the response by providing a header like /// `accept-encoding: gzip`. There's however no guarantee the server will provide compression. /// /// The only supported algorithm is currently `gzip`. /// /// [`Body.read()`]: struct.Body.html#method.read /// [`Body.read_to_vec()`]: struct.Body.html#method.read_to_vec /// [`Body.read_to_string()`]: struct.Body.html#method.read_to_string /// [`Body.read_and_discard()`]: struct.Body.html#method.read_and_discard /// [`charset_encode_source`]: trait.RequestBuilderExt.html#tymethod.charset_encode_source /// [`charset_encode`]: trait.RequestBuilderExt.html#tymethod.charset_encode /// [`charset_decode_target`]: trait.RequestBuilderExt.html#tymethod.charset_decode_target /// [`charset_decode`]: trait.RequestBuilderExt.html#tymethod.charset_decode pub struct Body { codec: BodyCodec, length: Option<u64>, // incoming length if given with reader content_typ: Option<&'static str>, override_source_enc: Option<&'static Encoding>, has_read: bool, char_codec: Option<CharCodec>, deadline_fut: Option<Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = io::Error> + Send + Sync>>>, unfinished_recs: Option<Arc<()>>, prebuffered: Option<Cursor<Vec<u8>>>, bw: Option<BandwidthMonitor>, } impl Body { /// Constructs an empty request body. /// /// The `content-length` is know to be `0` and will be set for requests where a body /// is expected. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```no_run /// use hreq::Body; /// /// // The are the same. /// let body1: Body = Body::empty(); /// let body2: Body = ().into(); /// ``` /// /// In `Request.send()` we can skip the `into()` /// /// ```no_run /// use hreq::prelude::*; /// /// Request::get("https://get-from-here") /// .call().block().unwrap(); /// ``` pub fn empty() -> Self { Self::new(BodyImpl::RequestEmpty, Some(0), true).ctype(CT_TEXT) } /// Creates a body from a `&str` by cloning the data. /// /// Will automatically set a `content-length` header unless compression or /// chunked encoding is used. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```no_run /// use hreq::Body; /// /// // The are the same. /// let body1: Body = Body::from_str("Hello world"); /// let body2: Body = "Hello world".into(); /// ``` /// /// In `Request.send()` we can skip the `into()` /// /// ```no_run /// use hreq::prelude::*; /// /// Request::post("https://post-to-here") /// .send("Hello world").block().unwrap(); /// ``` #[allow(clippy::should_implement_trait)] pub fn from_str(text: &str) -> Self { Self::from_string(text.to_owned()).ctype(CT_TEXT) } /// Creates a body from a `String`. /// /// Will automatically set a `content-length` header unless compression or /// chunked encoding is used. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```no_run /// use hreq::Body; /// /// // The are the same. /// let body1: Body = Body::from_string("Hello world".to_string()); /// let body2: Body = "Hello world".to_string().into(); /// ``` /// /// In `Request.send()` we can skip the `into()` /// /// ```no_run /// use hreq::prelude::*; /// /// Request::post("https://post-to-here") /// .send("Hello world".to_string()).block().unwrap(); /// ``` pub fn from_string(text: String) -> Self { let mut new = Self::from_vec(text.into_bytes()).ctype(CT_TEXT); // any string source is definitely UTF-8 new.override_source_enc = Some(encoding_rs::UTF_8); new } /// Creates a body from a `&[u8]` by cloning the data. /// /// Will automatically set a `content-length` header unless compression or /// chunked encoding is used. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```no_run /// use hreq::Body; /// /// let data = [0x42, 0x43]; /// /// // The are the same. /// let body1: Body = Body::from_bytes(&data[..]); /// let body2: Body = (&data[..]).into(); /// ``` /// /// In `Request.send()` we can skip the `into()` /// /// ```no_run /// use hreq::prelude::*; /// /// let data = [0x42, 0x43]; /// /// Request::post("https://post-to-here") /// .send(&data[..]).block().unwrap(); /// ``` pub fn from_bytes(bytes: &[u8]) -> Self { Self::from_vec(bytes.to_owned()).ctype(CT_BIN) } /// Creates a body from a `Vec<u8>`. /// /// Will automatically set a `content-length` header unless compression or /// chunked encoding is used. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```no_run /// use hreq::Body; /// /// // The are the same. /// let body1: Body = Body::from_vec(vec![0x42, 0x43]); /// let body2: Body = vec![0x42, 0x43].into(); /// ``` /// /// In `Request.send()` we can skip the `into()` /// /// ```no_run /// use hreq::prelude::*; /// /// Request::post("https://post-to-here") /// .send(vec![0x42, 0x43]).block().unwrap(); /// ``` pub fn from_vec(bytes: Vec<u8>) -> Self { let len = bytes.len() as u64; Self::from_sync_read(io::Cursor::new(bytes), Some(len)).ctype(CT_BIN) } /// Creates a body from a `std::fs::File`. /// /// Despite the `std` origins, hreq will send this efficiently by reading /// the file in a non-blocking way. /// /// The request will have a `content-length` header unless compression or /// chunked encoding is used. Uses `content-type` from the headers if set , and /// falls back to `application/octet-stream`. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```no_run /// use hreq::Body; /// use std::fs::File; /// /// // The are the same. /// let body1: Body = Body::from_file(File::open("myfile.txt").unwrap()); /// let body2: Body = File::open("myfile.txt").unwrap().into(); /// ``` /// /// In `Request.send()` we can skip the `into()` /// /// ```no_run /// use hreq::prelude::*; /// use std::fs::File; /// /// Request::post("https://post-to-here") /// .send(File::open("myfile.txt").unwrap()).block().unwrap(); /// ``` pub fn from_file(file: std::fs::File) -> Self { let length = file.metadata().ok().map(|m| m.len()); let reader = AsyncRuntime::file_to_reader(file); Body::from_async_read(reader, length).ctype(CT_BIN) } /// Creates a body from a JSON encodable type. /// /// This also sets the `content-type` and `content-length` headers. /// /// # Example /// /// ``` /// use hreq::Body; /// use serde_derive::Serialize; /// /// #[derive(Serialize)] /// struct MyJsonThing { /// name: String, /// age: u8, /// } /// /// let json = MyJsonThing { /// name: "Karl Kajal".to_string(), /// age: 32, /// }; /// /// let body = Body::from_json(&json); /// ``` pub fn from_json<B: Serialize + ?Sized>(json: &B) -> Self { let vec = serde_json::to_vec(json).expect("Failed to encode JSON"); Self::from_vec(vec).ctype(CT_JSON) } /// Creates a body from anything implementing the `AsyncRead` trait. /// /// This is a very efficient way of sending bodies since the content // will be streamed through hreq without taking up much memory. /// /// The `content-length` header will be set depending on whether a /// `length` is provided. Combinations of charset and compression might /// make it so `content-length` is not known despite being provided. pub fn from_async_read<R>(reader: R, length: Option<u64>) -> Self where R: AsyncRead + Unpin + Send + Sync + 'static, { let boxed = Box::new(reader); Self::new(BodyImpl::RequestAsyncRead(boxed), length, true).ctype(CT_BIN) } /// Creates a body from anything implementing the (blocking) `std::io::Read` trait. /// /// Might block the async runtime, so whether using this is a good idea depends on /// circumstances. If the `Read` is just an `std::io::Cursor` over some memory or /// very fast file system, it might be ok. /// /// Use with care. /// /// The `content-length` header will be set depending on whether a /// `length` is provided. Combinations of charset and compression might /// make it so `content-length` is not known despite being provided. pub fn from_sync_read<R>(reader: R, length: Option<u64>) -> Self where R: io::Read + Send + Sync + 'static, { let boxed = Box::new(reader); Self::new(BodyImpl::RequestRead(boxed), length, true).ctype(CT_BIN) } /// Creates a new Body pub(crate) fn new(bimpl: BodyImpl, length: Option<u64>, prebuffer: bool) -> Self { let codec = BodyCodec::deferred(bimpl, prebuffer); Body { codec, length, content_typ: None, override_source_enc: None, has_read: false, char_codec: None, deadline_fut: None, unfinished_recs: None, prebuffered: None, bw: None, } } fn ctype(mut self, c: &'static str) -> Self { self.content_typ = Some(c); self } pub(crate) fn set_unfinished_recs(&mut self, unfin: Arc<()>) { self.unfinished_recs = Some(unfin); } pub(crate) fn set_bw_monitor(&mut self, bw: Option<BandwidthMonitor>) { self.bw = bw; } /// Tells if we know _for sure_, there is no body. pub(crate) fn is_definitely_no_body(&self) -> bool { self.length.map(|l| l == 0).unwrap_or(false) } /// Tells if we know _for sure_, there is a body. Sized or unsized. pub(crate) fn is_definitely_a_body(&self) -> bool { self.length.map(|l| l > 0).unwrap_or(true) } /// Tells the length of the body _with content encoding_. This could /// take both gzip and charset into account, or just bail if we don't know. pub(crate) fn content_encoded_length(&self) -> Option<u64> { if self.prebuffered.is_some() { self.length } else if self.codec.affects_content_size() || self.char_codec.is_some() { // things like gzip will affect self.length None } else { self.length } } /// The content type set by the body, if any. pub(crate) fn content_type(&self) -> Option<&str> { self.content_typ } pub(crate) fn is_configurable(&self) -> bool { !self.has_read } /// Undo the effects of configure() #[cfg(feature = "server")] pub(crate) fn unconfigure(self) -> Self { Body { codec: self.codec.into_deferred(), char_codec: None, ..self } } /// Configures the codecs in the body as part of the request or response. /// /// When calling this "content-encoding" and "content-type" must be settled. #[allow(clippy::collapsible_if)] pub(crate) fn configure( &mut self, params: &HReqParams, headers: &http::header::HeaderMap, is_incoming: bool, ) { if self.has_read { panic!("configure after body started reading"); } self.deadline_fut = Some(params.deadline().delay_fut()); let mut new_codec = None; if let BodyCodec::Deferred(reader) = &mut self.codec { if let Some(mut reader) = reader.take() { // pass bw monitor on to reader where the counting actually happens. reader.set_bw_monitor(self.bw.clone()); let use_enc = !is_incoming && params.content_encode || is_incoming && params.content_decode; new_codec = if use_enc { let encoding = headers.get_str("content-encoding"); Some(BodyCodec::from_encoding(reader, encoding, is_incoming)) } else { Some(BodyCodec::Pass(reader)) }; } } if let Some(new_codec) = new_codec { // to avoid creating another BufReader self.codec = new_codec; } let charset_config = if is_incoming { ¶ms.charset_rx } else { ¶ms.charset_tx }; // TODO sniff charset from html pages like // <meta content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" http-equiv="Content-Type"> if let Some((from, to)) = charset_config.resolve(is_incoming, headers, self.override_source_enc) { // don't use a codec if this is pass-thru if from == to { trace!("Charset codec pass through: {:?}", from); } else { self.char_codec = Some(CharCodec::new(from, to)); trace!( "Charset codec ({}): {:?}", if is_incoming { "incoming" } else { "outgoing" }, self.char_codec ); } } } pub(crate) async fn attempt_prebuffer(&mut self) -> Result<(), Error> { if let Some(amt) = self.codec.attempt_prebuffer().await? { // content is fully buffered let mut buffer_into = Vec::with_capacity(amt); self.read_to_end(&mut buffer_into).await?; trace!("Fully prebuffered: {}", buffer_into.len()); self.length = Some(buffer_into.len() as u64); self.prebuffered = Some(Cursor::new(buffer_into)); } Ok(()) } #[cfg(test)] #[allow(dead_code)] pub(crate) fn set_codec_pass(&mut self) { if let BodyCodec::Deferred(reader) = &mut self.codec { if let Some(reader) = reader.take() { let new_codec = BodyCodec::Pass(reader); self.codec = new_codec; } } } /// Read some bytes from this body into the specified buffer, /// returning how many bytes were read. /// /// If the returned amount is `0`, the end of the body has been reached. /// /// See [`charset_decode`] and [`charset_decode_target`] of headers and options that will /// affect `text/` MIME types. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// use hreq::prelude::*; /// /// let mut resp = Request::get("http://httpbin.org/html") /// .call().block().unwrap(); /// /// let mut data = vec![0_u8; 100]; /// /// let amount = resp.body_mut().read(&mut data[..]).block().unwrap(); /// /// assert!(amount >= 15); /// assert_eq!(&data[..15], b"<!DOCTYPE html>"); /// ``` /// /// [`charset_decode`]: trait.RequestBuilderExt.html#tymethod.charset_decode /// [`charset_decode_target`]: trait.RequestBuilderExt.html#tymethod.charset_decode_target pub async fn read(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize, Error> { Ok(poll_fn(|cx| Pin::new(&mut *self).poll_read(cx, buf)).await?) } /// Reads to body to end into a new `Vec`. /// /// This can potentially take up a lot of memory (or even exhaust your RAM), depending on /// how big the response body is. /// /// See [`charset_decode`] and [`charset_decode_target`] of headers and options that will /// affect `text/` MIME types. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// use hreq::prelude::*; /// /// let mut resp = Request::get("http://httpbin.org/html") /// .call().block().unwrap(); /// /// let data = resp.body_mut().read_to_vec().block().unwrap(); /// /// assert_eq!(&data[..15], b"<!DOCTYPE html>"); /// ``` /// /// [`charset_decode`]: trait.RequestBuilderExt.html#tymethod.charset_decode /// [`charset_decode_target`]: trait.RequestBuilderExt.html#tymethod.charset_decode_target pub async fn read_to_vec(&mut self) -> Result<Vec<u8>, Error> { let mut vec = Vec::with_capacity(8192); self.read_to_end(&mut vec).await?; trace!("read_to_vec returning len: {}", vec.len()); Ok(vec) } /// Reads to body to end into a new `String`. /// /// This can potentially take up a lot of memory (or even exhaust your RAM), depending on /// how big the response body is. /// /// Since a rust string is always `utf-8`, [`charset_decode_target`] is ignored. /// /// Panics if [`charset_decode`] is disabled and incoming data is not valid UTF-8. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// use hreq::prelude::*; /// /// let mut resp = Request::get("http://httpbin.org/html") /// .call().block().unwrap(); /// /// let data = resp.body_mut().read_to_string().block().unwrap(); /// /// assert_eq!(&data[..15], "<!DOCTYPE html>"); /// ``` /// /// [`charset_decode`]: trait.RequestBuilderExt.html#tymethod.charset_decode /// [`charset_decode_target`]: trait.RequestBuilderExt.html#tymethod.charset_decode_target pub async fn read_to_string(&mut self) -> Result<String, Error> { // Remove any user set char encoder since we're reading to a rust string. if let Some(char_codec) = &mut self.char_codec { char_codec.remove_encoder(); } let vec = self.read_to_vec().await?; Ok(String::from_utf8(vec).expect("Incoming body is not valid utf-8")) } /// Reads to body to end as a JSON string into a deserialized object. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```ignore /// use hreq::Body; /// use serde_derive::Deserialize; /// /// #[derive(Deserialize)] /// struct MyJsonThing { /// name: String, /// age: String, /// } /// /// let req: MyJsonThing = Request::get("http://foo") /// .call().block().unwrap() /// .read_json().unwrap(); /// ``` pub async fn read_to_json<T: DeserializeOwned>(&mut self) -> Result<T, Error> { let s = self.read_to_string().await?; Ok(serde_json::from_str(&s)?) } /// Reads to body to end and discards it. /// /// HTTP/1.1 has no "multiplexing" of several concurrent request over the same socket; /// One must read the previous request's body to end before being able to /// read the next response header. /// /// For pooled connections we can't reuse the connection until the previous body has /// been exhausted. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// use hreq::prelude::*; /// /// let mut resp = Request::get("https://httpbin.org/get") /// .call().block().unwrap(); /// /// resp.body_mut().read_and_discard(); /// ``` pub async fn read_and_discard(&mut self) -> Result<(), Error> { const START_BUF_SIZE: usize = 16_384; const MAX_BUF_SIZE: usize = 2 * 1024 * 1024; let mut buf = UninitBuf::with_capacity(START_BUF_SIZE, MAX_BUF_SIZE); loop { buf.clear(); let read = buf.read_from_async(self).await?; if read == 0 { break; } } Ok(()) } } impl From<()> for Body { fn from(_: ()) -> Self { Body::empty() } } impl<'a> From<&'a str> for Body { fn from(s: &'a str) -> Self { Body::from_str(s) } } impl<'a> From<&'a String> for Body { fn from(s: &'a String) -> Self { Body::from_string(s.clone()) } } impl From<String> for Body { fn from(s: String) -> Self { Body::from_string(s) } } impl<'a> From<&'a [u8]> for Body { fn from(bytes: &'a [u8]) -> Self { Body::from_bytes(bytes) } } impl From<Vec<u8>> for Body { fn from(bytes: Vec<u8>) -> Self { Body::from_vec(bytes) } } impl<'a> From<&'a Vec<u8>> for Body { fn from(bytes: &'a Vec<u8>) -> Self { Body::from_vec(bytes.clone()) } } impl From<std::fs::File> for Body { fn from(file: std::fs::File) -> Self { Body::from_file(file) } } impl AsyncRead for Body { fn poll_read( self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context, buf: &mut [u8], ) -> Poll<io::Result<usize>> { let this = self.get_mut(); if !this.has_read { this.has_read = true; } // use deadline if it's present let deadl = this.deadline_fut.as_mut(); if let Some(deadl) = deadl { if let Poll::Ready(err) = deadl.as_mut().poll(cx) { return Poll::Ready(Err(err)); } } let amount = if let Some(prebuf) = &mut this.prebuffered { // entire contents is prebuffered prebuf.read(buf)? } else { // read from underlying ready!(if let Some(char_codec) = &mut this.char_codec { char_codec.poll_codec(cx, &mut this.codec, buf) } else { Pin::new(&mut this.codec).poll_read(cx, buf) })? }; if amount == 0 { // by removing this arc, we reduce the unfinished recs count. this.unfinished_recs.take(); } Ok(amount).into() } } impl fmt::Debug for Body { fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result { write!(f, "Body {{ codec: {:?}", self.codec)?; if let Some(char_codec) = &self.char_codec { write!(f, ", char_codec: {:?}", char_codec)?; } write!(f, ", len: ")?; match self.content_encoded_length() { Some(v) => write!(f, "{}", v), None => write!(f, "unknown"), }?; if self.prebuffered.is_some() { write!(f, ", prebuffered")?; } write!(f, " }}") } }