# Fixed-point numbers
The [*fixed* crate] provides fixed-point numbers. Currently it uses
the [*typenum* crate] for the fractional bit count; it is planned to
move to [const generics] when they are implemented by the Rust
compiler.
The crate provides the following types:
* [`FixedI8`] is a signed eight-bit fixed-point number,
* [`FixedI16`] is a signed 16-bit fixed-point number,
* [`FixedI32`] is a signed 32-bit fixed-point number,
* [`FixedI64`] is a signed 64-bit fixed-point number,
* [`FixedI128`] is a signed 128-bit fixed-point number,
* [`FixedU8`] is an unsigned eight-bit fixed-point number,
* [`FixedU16`] is an unsigned 16-bit fixed-point number,
* [`FixedU32`] is an unsigned 32-bit fixed-point number,
* [`FixedU64`] is an unsigned 64-bit fixed-point number, and
* [`FixedU128`] is an unsigned 128-bit fixed-point number.
All fixed-point numbers can have `Frac` fractional bits, where `Frac`
can have any value from 0 up to and including the size of the number
in bits. When `Frac` is 0, the fixed-point number behaves like an
integer. When `Frac` is equal to the number of bits, the value of the
fixed-point number lies in the range −0.5 ≤ *x* < 0.5 for signed
fixed-point numbers, and in the range 0 ≤ *x* < 1 for unsigned
fixed-point numbers.
## What’s new
### Version 0.1.2 news (2018-08-15)
* The crate can now be used without the standard library `std`.
* New methods [`from_f32`] and [`from_f64`] were added.
* New methods [`is_positive`] and [`is_negative`] were added to
signed fixed-point numbers.
[`from_f32`]: https://docs.rs/fixed/0.1.2/fixed/struct.FixedI32.html#method.from_f32
[`from_f64`]: https://docs.rs/fixed/0.1.2/fixed/struct.FixedI32.html#method.from_f64
[`is_negative`]: https://docs.rs/fixed/0.1.2/fixed/struct.FixedI32.html#method.is_negative
[`is_positive`]: https://docs.rs/fixed/0.1.2/fixed/struct.FixedI32.html#method.is_positive
### Version 0.1.1 news (2018-08-11)
* Comparisons are now supported between all fixed-point numbers with
the same underlying integer type.
* New static methods [`int_bits`] and [`frac_bits`] were added.
* New methods [`from_int`], [`to_int`], [`to_int_ceil`],
[`to_int_floor`] and [`to_int_round`] were added.
* New methods [`int`] and [`frac`] were added.
* Support for multiplication and division by integers was added.
[`frac_bits`]: https://docs.rs/fixed/0.1.2/fixed/struct.FixedI32.html#method.frac_bits
[`frac`]: https://docs.rs/fixed/0.1.2/fixed/struct.FixedI32.html#method.frac
[`from_int`]: https://docs.rs/fixed/0.1.2/fixed/struct.FixedI32.html#method.from_int
[`int_bits`]: https://docs.rs/fixed/0.1.2/fixed/struct.FixedI32.html#method.int_bits
[`to_int_ceil`]: https://docs.rs/fixed/0.1.2/fixed/struct.FixedI32.html#method.to_int_ceil
[`to_int_floor`]: https://docs.rs/fixed/0.1.2/fixed/struct.FixedI32.html#method.to_int_floor
[`to_int_round`]: https://docs.rs/fixed/0.1.2/fixed/struct.FixedI32.html#method.to_int_round
[`to_int`]: https://docs.rs/fixed/0.1.2/fixed/struct.FixedI32.html#method.to_int
[`int`]: https://docs.rs/fixed/0.1.2/fixed/struct.FixedI32.html#method.int
### Other releases
Details on other releases can be found in [*RELEASES.md*].
[*RELEASES.md*]: https://gitlab.com/tspiteri/fixed/blob/master/RELEASES.md
## Quick example
```rust
use fixed::frac;
use fixed::FixedI32;
// 20 integer bits, 12 fractional bits
type I20F12 = FixedI32<frac::U12>;
// 19/3 = 6 1/3
let six_and_third = I20F12::from_int(19).unwrap() / 3;
// four decimal digits for 12 binary digits
assert_eq!(six_and_third.to_string(), "6.3333");
// convert to i32, taking the ceil
assert_eq!(six_and_third.to_int_ceil(), 7);
```
## Using the *fixed* crate
The *fixed* crate is available on [crates.io][*fixed* crate]. To use
it in your crate, add it as a dependency inside [*Cargo.toml*]:
```toml
[dependencies]
fixed = "0.1.2"
```
You also need to declare it by adding this to your crate root (usually
*lib.rs* or *main.rs*):
```rust
extern crate fixed;
```
The *fixed* crate requires rustc version 1.28.0 or later.
## License
This crate is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
under the terms of either
* the [Apache License, Version 2.0][LICENSE-APACHE] or
* the [MIT License][LICENSE-MIT]
at your option.
### Contribution
Unless you explicitly state otherwise, any contribution intentionally
submitted for inclusion in the work by you, as defined in the Apache
License, Version 2.0, shall be dual licensed as above, without any
additional terms or conditions.
[*Cargo.toml*]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/guide/dependencies.html
[*fixed* crate]: https://crates.io/crates/fixed
[*typenum* crate]: https://crates.io/crates/typenum
[LICENSE-APACHE]: https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
[LICENSE-MIT]: https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
[`FixedI128`]: https://docs.rs/fixed/0.1.2/fixed/struct.FixedI128.html
[`FixedI16`]: https://docs.rs/fixed/0.1.2/fixed/struct.FixedI16.html
[`FixedI32`]: https://docs.rs/fixed/0.1.2/fixed/struct.FixedI32.html
[`FixedI64`]: https://docs.rs/fixed/0.1.2/fixed/struct.FixedI64.html
[`FixedI8`]: https://docs.rs/fixed/0.1.2/fixed/struct.FixedI8.html
[`FixedU128`]: https://docs.rs/fixed/0.1.2/fixed/struct.FixedU128.html
[`FixedU16`]: https://docs.rs/fixed/0.1.2/fixed/struct.FixedU16.html
[`FixedU32`]: https://docs.rs/fixed/0.1.2/fixed/struct.FixedU32.html
[`FixedU64`]: https://docs.rs/fixed/0.1.2/fixed/struct.FixedU64.html
[`FixedU8`]: https://docs.rs/fixed/0.1.2/fixed/struct.FixedU8.html
[channels]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/second-edition/appendix-07-nightly-rust.html
[const generics]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/44580