dyon

A rusty dynamically typed scripting language

Notice: This is very early stage in development. Breaking changes will happen!

Libraries that helps setting up a Dyon environment:

• dyon_interactive - Interactive coding with the Piston game engine

Dyon script files ends with ".dyon".

Editor-plugins

Dyon for the Atom Editor

List of features

• Array arr := [a, b, c]
• Object obj := {x: a, y: b}
• Number (f64) n := 5.3
• Boolean t := true
• Custom Rust objects using Arc<Mutex<Any>>
• Functions without return fn foo() { ... }
• Functions with return fn foo() -> { ... return x }
• Functions as mathematical expresisons f(x) = x / (x - 1)
• Lifetime checker (no garbage collector is needed) fn foo(mut a, b: 'a) { a.x = b }
• Mutability checker fn foo(mut a) { bar(mut a) }
• Return lifetime fn id(x: 'return) -> { return x }
• Checks type at runtime when mutating variable a = 2.0 // ERROR: Expected assigning to number
• Objects inserts new key with a.x := 0 and checks existence and type with a.x = 0
• Named argument syntax based on snake case foo(bar: b) is equal to foo_bar(b)
• If expression a := if b < c { 0 } else { 1 }
• For loop for i := 0; i < 10; i += 1 { ... }
• Short For loop for i 10 { ... }
• Short For loop with offset for i [2, 10) { ... }
• ∑/sum, min, max, sift, ∃/any, ∀/all loops
• Infinite loop loop { ... }
• Unlabeled break loop { break }
• Unlabled continue loop { continue }
• Labeled break 'a: loop { break 'a }
• Labeled continue 'a: loop { continue 'a }
• Use return as a variable without exiting return = 8
• Dynamic modules m := unwrap(load("script.dyon")) then call(m, "main", [])
• Import to module prelude m := unwrap(load(source: "script.dyon", imports: [window, graphics]))
• Add a custom Rust function using Module::add
• Option values with none() or some(x)
• Result values with ok(x) or err(x)
• ? operator to propagate errors, e.g. x := foo()?, maps option to result automatically
• unwrap(x) prints trace of propagated error
• functions() returns sorted list of all available functions in a module
• Optional type system
• Go-like coroutines with go
• 4D vectors with f32 precision (x, y, z, w)
• HTML hex colors
• Meta parsing

Why the name Dyon?

Dyon is a hypothetical particle predicted by several grand unified theories in physics with both eletrical and magnetic charge. See wikipedia article for more information.

The name Dyon fits because, just like the particle, there are things that are yet to be discovered about language design. However, this language was not born out of a grand new vision, but is the result of exploring and testing new ideas.

Motivation and goals

Sven Nilsen started this project in early 2016. The idea was to make a simple, but convenient scripting language that integrated well with Rust.

• During the first week of coding, it was discovered a way to make a lifetime checking on arguments
• Dynamic modules with imported prelude were added to explore a different approach to organizing code
• For nice error handling, added option, result and ? operator
• To test the design of the language, created a demo for interactive coding
• Mutability check to improve readability
• Short For loop to improve readability and performance
• Mathematical loops and unicode symbols to improve readability

Main goals:

• Integrate well with Rust
• Flexible way of organizing code

Performance will be optimized for the cycle:

coding -> parsing -> running -> debugging -> coding

Sub goals:

• Safety

Non-goals:

• Rust equivalent performance
• Replace Rust to build libraries
• Interfacing with other languages than Rust

License

Licensed under either of

• Apache License, Version 2.0 (LICENSE-APACHE or http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0)
• MIT license (LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT) at your option.

Contribution

Unless you explicitly state otherwise, any contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the work by you shall be dual licensed as above, without any additional terms or conditions.