Diesel CLI
==========
Diesel CLI is a tool that aids in managing your database schema. Migrations are
bi-directional changes to your database that get applied sequentially.
Installation
---------------
The diesel cli, by default, requires [`openssl`][openssl], [`libpq`][postgres],
[`sqlite`][sqlite], and [`mysql`][mysql]. Once these dependencies are installed,
you can run `cargo install diesel_cli`.
> Note: Make sure that both the `bin` and `lib` directories for
> postgres are added to your PATH
To install the cli without these dependencies, omit the unneeded dependencies from
the following command:
```sh
cargo install diesel_cli --no-default-features --features "postgres sqlite mysql"
```
[openssl]: https://www.openssl.org/source
[postgres]: https://www.postgresql.org/download/
[sqlite]: http://www.sqlitetutorial.net/download-install-sqlite/
[mysql]: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/installing.html
If you are using a system without an easy way to install sqlite (for example Windows),
you can use a bundled version instead:
```shell
cargo install diesel_cli --no-default-features --features "sqlite-bundled"
```
Getting Started
---------------
```sh
cargo install diesel_cli
diesel setup --database-url='postgres://localhost/my_db'
diesel migration generate create_users_table
```
You'll see that a `migrations/` directory was generated for you (by the setup
command), and two sql files were generated,
`migrations/{current_timestamp}_create_users_table/up.sql` and
`migrations/{current_timestamp}_create_users_table/down.sql`. You should edit
these files to show how to update your schema, and how to undo that change.
```sql
-- up.sql
CREATE TABLE users (
id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
name VARCHAR NOT NULL,
favorite_color VARCHAR
);
```
```sql
-- down.sql
DROP TABLE USERS;
```
You can then run your new migration by running `diesel migration run`. Your
DATABASE_URL must be set in order to run this command, and there are several
ways that you can set it:
* Set it as an environment variable manually
* Set it as an environment variable using [dotenv](https://github.com/dotenv-rs/dotenv#examples)
* Pass it directly by adding the `--database-url` flag
As an alternative to running migrations with the CLI, you can call
[`diesel::migrations::run_pending_migrations`][pending-migrations] from
`build.rs`.
Diesel will automatically keep track of which migrations have already been run,
ensuring that they're never run twice.
Commands
--------
## `diesel setup`
Searches for a `migrations/` directory, and if it can't find one, creates one
in the same directory as the first `Cargo.toml` it finds. It then tries to
connect to the provided DATABASE_URL, and will create the given database if it
cannot connect to it. Finally it will create diesel's internal table for
tracking which migrations have been run, and run any existing migrations if the
internal table did not previously exist.
## `diesel database`
#### `database setup`
Tries to connect to the provided DATABASE_URL, and will create the given
database if it cannot connect to it. It then creates diesel's internal
migrations tracking table if it needs to be created, and runs any pending
migrations if it created the internal table.
#### `database reset`
Drops the database specified in your DATABASE_URL if it can, and then runs
`diesel database setup`.
## `diesel migration`
#### `migration generate`
Takes the name of your migration as an argument, and will create a migration
directory with `migrations/` in the format of
`migrations/{current_timestamp}_{migration_name}`. It will also generate
`up.sql` and `down.sql` files, for running your migration up and down
respectively.
#### `migration run`
Runs all pending migrations, as determined by diesel's internal schema table.
#### `migration revert`
Runs the `down.sql` for the most recent migration.
#### `migration redo`
Runs the `down.sql` and then the `up.sql` for the most recent migration.
## `diesel print-schema`
Prints table definitions for database schema.
[pending-migrations]: https://docs.rs/diesel_migrations/*/diesel_migrations/fn.run_pending_migrations.html
[rust-dotenv]: https://github.com/dotenv-rs/dotenv#examples
Bash completion
---------------
Diesel can generate a bash completion script for itself:
#### linux
```sh
$ diesel completions bash > /etc/bash_completion.d/diesel
```
#### os x (homebrew)
```sh
$ brew install bash-completion # you may already have this installed
$ diesel completions bash > $(brew --prefix)/etc/bash_completion.d/diesel
```