#![doc = include_str!("../README.md")]
#![warn(
//clippy::cargo_common_metadata,
clippy::branches_sharing_code,
clippy::cast_lossless,
clippy::cognitive_complexity,
clippy::get_unwrap,
clippy::if_then_some_else_none,
clippy::inefficient_to_string,
clippy::match_bool,
clippy::missing_const_for_fn,
clippy::missing_panics_doc,
clippy::option_if_let_else,
clippy::redundant_closure,
clippy::redundant_else,
clippy::redundant_pub_crate,
clippy::ref_binding_to_reference,
clippy::ref_option_ref,
clippy::same_functions_in_if_condition,
clippy::unneeded_field_pattern,
clippy::unnested_or_patterns,
clippy::use_self,
)]
mod app_config;
mod args;
mod config;
mod emoji;
mod favorites;
mod filenames;
mod git;
mod hooks;
mod ignore_me;
mod include_exclude;
mod interactive;
mod log;
mod progressbar;
mod project_variables;
mod template;
mod template_filters;
mod template_variables;
mod user_parsed_input;
pub use crate::app_config::{app_config_path, AppConfig};
pub use crate::favorites::list_favorites;
pub use args::*;
use anyhow::{anyhow, bail, Context, Result};
use config::{locate_template_configs, Config, CONFIG_FILE_NAME};
use console::style;
use hooks::execute_hooks;
use ignore_me::remove_dir_files;
use interactive::prompt_and_check_variable;
use project_variables::{StringEntry, TemplateSlots, VarInfo};
use std::{
borrow::Borrow,
collections::HashMap,
env, fs,
path::{Path, PathBuf},
};
use user_parsed_input::{TemplateLocation, UserParsedInput};
use tempfile::TempDir;
use crate::template_variables::{
load_env_and_args_template_values, CrateName, ProjectDir, ProjectNameInput,
};
use crate::{project_variables::ConversionError, template_variables::ProjectName};
use self::config::TemplateConfig;
use self::git::try_get_branch_from_path;
use self::hooks::evaluate_script;
use self::template::{create_liquid_object, set_project_name_variables};
pub fn generate(args: GenerateArgs) -> Result<PathBuf> {
let cwd = std::env::current_dir()?;
let r = internal_generate(args);
std::env::set_current_dir(cwd)?;
r
}
fn internal_generate(args: GenerateArgs) -> Result<PathBuf> {
let app_config = AppConfig::try_from(app_config_path(&args.config)?.as_path())?;
let mut user_parsed_input = UserParsedInput::try_from_args_and_config(app_config, &args);
user_parsed_input
.template_values_mut()
.extend(load_env_and_args_template_values(&args)?);
let (template_base_dir, template_dir, branch) = prepare_local_template(&user_parsed_input)?;
let mut config = Config::from_path(
&locate_template_file(CONFIG_FILE_NAME, &template_base_dir, &template_dir).ok(),
)?;
if config
.template
.as_ref()
.and_then(|c| c.init)
.unwrap_or(false)
&& !user_parsed_input.init
{
eprintln!(
"{} {}",
emoji::WARN,
style("Template specifies --init, while not specified on the command line. Output location is affected!").bold().red(),
);
user_parsed_input.init = true;
};
check_cargo_generate_version(&config)?;
let project_dir = expand_template(&template_dir, &mut config, &user_parsed_input, &args)?;
if user_parsed_input.test() {
test_expanded_template(&template_dir, args.other_args)
} else {
copy_expanded_template(
template_dir,
project_dir,
user_parsed_input,
config,
branch.as_deref(),
)
}
}
fn copy_expanded_template(
template_dir: PathBuf,
project_dir: PathBuf,
user_parsed_input: UserParsedInput,
config: Config,
branch: Option<&str>,
) -> Result<PathBuf> {
println!(
"{} {} `{}`{}",
emoji::WRENCH,
style("Moving generated files into:").bold(),
style(project_dir.display()).bold().yellow(),
style("...").bold()
);
copy_dir_all(template_dir, &project_dir, user_parsed_input.overwrite())?;
let vcs = config
.template
.and_then(|t| t.vcs)
.unwrap_or_else(|| user_parsed_input.vcs());
if !vcs.is_none() && (!user_parsed_input.init || user_parsed_input.force_git_init()) {
info!("{}", style("Initializing a fresh Git repository").bold());
vcs.initialize(&project_dir, branch, user_parsed_input.force_git_init())?;
}
println!(
"{} {} {} {}",
emoji::SPARKLE,
style("Done!").bold().green(),
style("New project created").bold(),
style(&project_dir.display()).underlined()
);
Ok(project_dir)
}
fn test_expanded_template(template_dir: &PathBuf, args: Option<Vec<String>>) -> Result<PathBuf> {
println!(
"{} {}{}{}",
emoji::WRENCH,
style("Running \"").bold(),
style("cargo test"),
style("\" ...").bold(),
);
std::env::set_current_dir(template_dir)?;
let (cmd, cmd_args) = std::env::var("CARGO_GENERATE_TEST_CMD").map_or_else(
|_| (String::from("cargo"), vec![String::from("test")]),
|env_test_cmd| {
let mut split_cmd_args = env_test_cmd.split_whitespace().map(str::to_string);
(
split_cmd_args.next().unwrap(),
split_cmd_args.collect::<Vec<String>>(),
)
},
);
std::process::Command::new(cmd)
.args(cmd_args)
.args(args.unwrap_or_default().into_iter())
.spawn()?
.wait()?
.success()
.then(PathBuf::new)
.ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("{} Testing failed", emoji::ERROR))
}
fn prepare_local_template(
source_template: &UserParsedInput,
) -> Result<(TempDir, PathBuf, Option<String>), anyhow::Error> {
let (temp_dir, branch) = get_source_template_into_temp(source_template.location())?;
let template_folder = resolve_template_dir(&temp_dir, source_template.subfolder())?;
Ok((temp_dir, template_folder, branch))
}
fn get_source_template_into_temp(
template_location: &TemplateLocation,
) -> Result<(TempDir, Option<String>)> {
match template_location {
TemplateLocation::Git(git) => {
git::clone_git_template_into_temp(git.url(), git.branch(), git.tag(), git.identity())
.map(|(dir, branch)| (dir, Some(branch)))
}
TemplateLocation::Path(path) => {
let temp_dir = tempfile::tempdir()?;
copy_dir_all(path, temp_dir.path(), false)?;
git::remove_history(temp_dir.path())?;
Ok((temp_dir, try_get_branch_from_path(path)))
}
}
}
fn resolve_template_dir(template_base_dir: &TempDir, subfolder: Option<&str>) -> Result<PathBuf> {
let template_dir = resolve_template_dir_subfolder(template_base_dir.path(), subfolder)?;
auto_locate_template_dir(template_dir, &mut |slots| {
prompt_and_check_variable(slots, None)
})
}
fn resolve_template_dir_subfolder(
template_base_dir: &Path,
subfolder: Option<impl AsRef<str>>,
) -> Result<PathBuf> {
if let Some(subfolder) = subfolder {
let template_base_dir = fs::canonicalize(template_base_dir)?;
let template_dir = fs::canonicalize(template_base_dir.join(subfolder.as_ref()))
.with_context(|| {
format!(
"not able to find subfolder '{}' in source template",
subfolder.as_ref()
)
})?;
if !template_dir.starts_with(&template_base_dir) {
return Err(anyhow!(
"{} {} {}",
emoji::ERROR,
style("Subfolder Error:").bold().red(),
style("Invalid subfolder. Must be part of the template folder structure.")
.bold()
.red(),
));
}
if !template_dir.is_dir() {
return Err(anyhow!(
"{} {} {}",
emoji::ERROR,
style("Subfolder Error:").bold().red(),
style("The specified subfolder must be a valid folder.")
.bold()
.red(),
));
}
Ok(template_dir)
} else {
Ok(template_base_dir.to_owned())
}
}
fn auto_locate_template_dir(
template_base_dir: PathBuf,
prompt: &mut impl FnMut(&TemplateSlots) -> Result<String>,
) -> Result<PathBuf> {
let config_paths = locate_template_configs(&template_base_dir)?;
match config_paths.len() {
0 => {
Ok(template_base_dir)
}
1 => {
resolve_configured_sub_templates(&template_base_dir.join(&config_paths[0]), prompt)
}
_ => {
let prompt_args = TemplateSlots {
prompt: "Which template should be expanded?".into(),
var_name: "Template".into(),
var_info: VarInfo::String {
entry: Box::new(StringEntry {
default: Some(config_paths[0].display().to_string()),
choices: Some(
config_paths
.into_iter()
.map(|p| p.display().to_string())
.collect(),
),
regex: None,
}),
},
};
let path = prompt(&prompt_args)?;
auto_locate_template_dir(template_base_dir.join(path), prompt)
}
}
}
fn resolve_configured_sub_templates(
config_path: &Path,
prompt: &mut impl FnMut(&TemplateSlots) -> Result<String>,
) -> Result<PathBuf> {
Config::from_path(&Some(config_path.join(CONFIG_FILE_NAME)))
.ok()
.and_then(|config| config.template)
.and_then(|config| config.sub_templates)
.map_or_else(
|| Ok(PathBuf::from(config_path)),
|sub_templates| {
let prompt_args = TemplateSlots {
prompt: "Which sub-template should be expanded?".into(),
var_name: "Template".into(),
var_info: VarInfo::String {
entry: Box::new(StringEntry {
default: Some(sub_templates[0].clone()),
choices: Some(sub_templates.clone()),
regex: None,
}),
},
};
let path = prompt(&prompt_args)?;
auto_locate_template_dir(
resolve_template_dir_subfolder(config_path, Some(path))?,
prompt,
)
},
)
}
pub(crate) fn copy_dir_all(
src: impl AsRef<Path>,
dst: impl AsRef<Path>,
overwrite: bool,
) -> Result<()> {
fn check_dir_all(src: impl AsRef<Path>, dst: impl AsRef<Path>, overwrite: bool) -> Result<()> {
if !dst.as_ref().exists() {
return Ok(());
}
for src_entry in fs::read_dir(src)? {
let src_entry = src_entry?;
let filename = src_entry.file_name().to_string_lossy().to_string();
let entry_type = src_entry.file_type()?;
if entry_type.is_dir() {
if filename == ".git" {
continue;
}
let dst_path = dst.as_ref().join(filename);
check_dir_all(src_entry.path(), dst_path, overwrite)?;
} else if entry_type.is_file() {
let filename = filename.strip_suffix(".liquid").unwrap_or(&filename);
let dst_path = dst.as_ref().join(filename);
match (dst_path.exists(), overwrite) {
(true, false) => {
bail!(
"{} {} {}",
crate::emoji::WARN,
style("File already exists:").bold().red(),
style(dst_path.display()).bold().red(),
)
}
(true, true) => {
eprintln!(
"{} {} {}",
emoji::WARN,
style("Overwriting file:").bold().red(),
style(dst_path.display()).bold().red(),
);
}
_ => {}
};
} else {
bail!(
"{} {}",
crate::emoji::WARN,
style("Symbolic links not supported").bold().red(),
)
}
}
Ok(())
}
fn copy_all(src: impl AsRef<Path>, dst: impl AsRef<Path>, overwrite: bool) -> Result<()> {
fs::create_dir_all(&dst)?;
for src_entry in fs::read_dir(src)? {
let src_entry = src_entry?;
let filename = src_entry.file_name().to_string_lossy().to_string();
let entry_type = src_entry.file_type()?;
if entry_type.is_dir() {
let dst_path = dst.as_ref().join(filename);
if ".git" == src_entry.file_name() {
continue;
}
copy_dir_all(src_entry.path(), dst_path, overwrite)?;
} else if entry_type.is_file() {
let filename = filename.strip_suffix(".liquid").unwrap_or(&filename);
let dst_path = dst.as_ref().join(filename);
if dst_path.exists() && overwrite {
fs::remove_file(&dst_path)?;
}
fs::copy(src_entry.path(), dst_path)?;
}
}
Ok(())
}
check_dir_all(&src, &dst, overwrite)?;
copy_all(src, dst, overwrite)
}
fn locate_template_file(
name: &str,
template_base_folder: impl AsRef<Path>,
template_folder: impl AsRef<Path>,
) -> Result<PathBuf> {
let template_base_folder = template_base_folder.as_ref();
let mut search_folder = template_folder.as_ref().to_path_buf();
loop {
let file_path = search_folder.join(name.borrow());
if file_path.exists() {
return Ok(file_path);
}
if search_folder == template_base_folder {
bail!("File not found within template");
}
search_folder = search_folder
.parent()
.ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("Reached root folder"))?
.to_path_buf();
}
}
fn expand_template(
template_dir: &Path,
config: &mut Config,
user_parsed_input: &UserParsedInput,
args: &GenerateArgs,
) -> Result<PathBuf> {
let liquid_object = create_liquid_object(user_parsed_input)?;
let mut liquid_object = execute_hooks(
template_dir,
liquid_object,
&config.get_init_hooks(),
user_parsed_input.allow_commands(),
user_parsed_input.silent(),
)?;
let project_name_input = ProjectNameInput::try_from((&liquid_object, user_parsed_input))?;
let destination = ProjectDir::try_from((&project_name_input, user_parsed_input))?;
let project_name = ProjectName::from((&project_name_input, user_parsed_input));
let crate_name = CrateName::from(&project_name_input);
set_project_name_variables(&mut liquid_object, &destination, &project_name, &crate_name)?;
println!(
"{} {} {}",
emoji::WRENCH,
style(format!("Destination: {destination}")).bold(),
style("...").bold()
);
println!(
"{} {} {}",
emoji::WRENCH,
style(format!("project-name: {project_name}")).bold(),
style("...").bold()
);
println!(
"{} {} {}",
emoji::WRENCH,
style("Generating template").bold(),
style("...").bold()
);
let mut liquid_object = fill_placeholders_and_merge_conditionals(
config,
liquid_object,
user_parsed_input.template_values(),
args,
)?;
add_missing_provided_values(&mut liquid_object, user_parsed_input.template_values())?;
let liquid_object = execute_hooks(
template_dir,
liquid_object,
&config.get_pre_hooks(),
user_parsed_input.allow_commands(),
user_parsed_input.silent(),
)?;
let all_hook_files = config.get_hook_files();
let mut template_config = config.template.take().unwrap_or_default();
ignore_me::remove_unneeded_files(template_dir, &template_config.ignore, args.verbose)?;
let mut pbar = progressbar::new();
template::walk_dir(
template_dir,
&liquid_object,
&mut template_config,
&all_hook_files,
&mut pbar,
)?;
execute_hooks(
template_dir,
liquid_object,
&config.get_post_hooks(),
user_parsed_input.allow_commands(),
user_parsed_input.silent(),
)?;
remove_dir_files(all_hook_files, false);
config.template.replace(template_config);
Ok(destination.as_ref().to_owned())
}
pub(crate) fn add_missing_provided_values(
liquid_object: &mut liquid::Object,
template_values: &HashMap<String, toml::Value>,
) -> Result<(), anyhow::Error> {
template_values.iter().try_for_each(|(k, v)| {
if liquid_object.contains_key(k.as_str()) {
return Ok(());
}
let value = match v {
toml::Value::String(content) => liquid_core::Value::Scalar(content.clone().into()),
toml::Value::Boolean(content) => liquid_core::Value::Scalar((*content).into()),
_ => anyhow::bail!(format!(
"{} {}",
emoji::ERROR,
style("Unsupported value type. Only Strings and Booleans are supported.")
.bold()
.red(),
)),
};
liquid_object.insert(k.clone().into(), value);
Ok(())
})?;
Ok(())
}
fn fill_placeholders_and_merge_conditionals(
config: &mut Config,
mut liquid_object: liquid::Object,
template_values: &HashMap<String, toml::Value>,
args: &GenerateArgs,
) -> Result<liquid::Object, anyhow::Error> {
let mut conditionals = config.conditional.take().unwrap_or_default();
loop {
project_variables::fill_project_variables(&mut liquid_object, config, |slot| {
let provided_value = template_values.get(&slot.var_name).and_then(|v| match v {
toml::Value::String(s) => Some(s.clone()),
toml::Value::Integer(s) => Some(s.to_string()),
toml::Value::Float(s) => Some(s.to_string()),
toml::Value::Boolean(s) => Some(s.to_string()),
toml::Value::Datetime(s) => Some(s.to_string()),
toml::Value::Array(_) | toml::Value::Table(_) => None,
});
if provided_value.is_none() && args.silent {
anyhow::bail!(ConversionError::MissingPlaceholderVariable {
var_name: slot.var_name.clone()
})
}
interactive::variable(slot, provided_value.as_ref())
})?;
let placeholders_changed = conditionals
.iter_mut()
.filter_map(|(key, cfg)| {
evaluate_script::<bool>(liquid_object.clone(), key)
.ok()
.filter(|&r| r)
.map(|_| cfg)
})
.map(|conditional_template_cfg| {
let template_cfg = config.template.get_or_insert_with(TemplateConfig::default);
if let Some(mut extras) = conditional_template_cfg.include.take() {
template_cfg
.include
.get_or_insert_with(Vec::default)
.append(&mut extras);
}
if let Some(mut extras) = conditional_template_cfg.exclude.take() {
template_cfg
.exclude
.get_or_insert_with(Vec::default)
.append(&mut extras);
}
if let Some(mut extras) = conditional_template_cfg.ignore.take() {
template_cfg
.ignore
.get_or_insert_with(Vec::default)
.append(&mut extras);
}
if let Some(extra_placeholders) = conditional_template_cfg.placeholders.take() {
match config.placeholders.as_mut() {
Some(placeholders) => {
for (k, v) in extra_placeholders.0 {
placeholders.0.insert(k, v);
}
}
None => {
config.placeholders = Some(extra_placeholders);
}
};
return true;
}
false
})
.fold(false, |acc, placeholders_changed| {
acc | placeholders_changed
});
if !placeholders_changed {
break;
}
}
Ok(liquid_object)
}
fn check_cargo_generate_version(template_config: &Config) -> Result<(), anyhow::Error> {
if let Config {
template:
Some(config::TemplateConfig {
cargo_generate_version: Some(requirement),
..
}),
..
} = template_config
{
let version = semver::Version::parse(env!("CARGO_PKG_VERSION"))?;
if !requirement.matches(&version) {
bail!(
"{} {} {} {} {}",
emoji::ERROR,
style("Required cargo-generate version not met. Required:")
.bold()
.red(),
style(requirement).yellow(),
style(" was:").bold().red(),
style(version).yellow(),
);
}
}
Ok(())
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use crate::{auto_locate_template_dir, project_variables::VarInfo};
use anyhow::anyhow;
use std::{
fs,
io::Write,
path::{Path, PathBuf},
};
use tempfile::{tempdir, TempDir};
#[test]
fn auto_locate_template_returns_base_when_no_cargo_generate_is_found() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
let tmp = tempdir().unwrap();
create_file(&tmp, "dir1/Cargo.toml", "")?;
create_file(&tmp, "dir2/dir2_1/Cargo.toml", "")?;
create_file(&tmp, "dir3/Cargo.toml", "")?;
let actual =
auto_locate_template_dir(tmp.path().to_path_buf(), &mut |_slots| Err(anyhow!("test")))?
.canonicalize()?;
let expected = tmp.path().canonicalize()?;
assert_eq!(expected, actual);
Ok(())
}
#[test]
fn auto_locate_template_returns_path_when_single_cargo_generate_is_found() -> anyhow::Result<()>
{
let tmp = tempdir().unwrap();
create_file(&tmp, "dir1/Cargo.toml", "")?;
create_file(&tmp, "dir2/dir2_1/Cargo.toml", "")?;
create_file(&tmp, "dir2/dir2_2/cargo-generate.toml", "")?;
create_file(&tmp, "dir3/Cargo.toml", "")?;
let actual =
auto_locate_template_dir(tmp.path().to_path_buf(), &mut |_slots| Err(anyhow!("test")))?
.canonicalize()?;
let expected = tmp.path().join("dir2/dir2_2").canonicalize()?;
assert_eq!(expected, actual);
Ok(())
}
#[test]
fn auto_locate_template_can_resolve_configured_subtemplates() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
let tmp = tempdir().unwrap();
create_file(
&tmp,
"cargo-generate.toml",
indoc::indoc! {r#"
[template]
sub_templates = ["sub1", "sub2"]
"#},
)?;
create_file(&tmp, "sub1/Cargo.toml", "")?;
create_file(&tmp, "sub2/Cargo.toml", "")?;
let actual = auto_locate_template_dir(tmp.path().to_path_buf(), &mut |slots| match &slots
.var_info
{
VarInfo::Bool { .. } => anyhow::bail!("Wrong prompt type"),
VarInfo::String { entry } => {
if let Some(choices) = entry.choices.clone() {
let expected = vec!["sub1".to_string(), "sub2".to_string()];
assert_eq!(expected, choices);
Ok("sub2".to_string())
} else {
anyhow::bail!("Missing choices")
}
}
})?
.canonicalize()?;
let expected = tmp.path().join("sub2").canonicalize()?;
assert_eq!(expected, actual);
Ok(())
}
#[test]
fn auto_locate_template_recurses_to_resolve_subtemplates() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
let tmp = tempdir().unwrap();
create_file(
&tmp,
"cargo-generate.toml",
indoc::indoc! {r#"
[template]
sub_templates = ["sub1", "sub2"]
"#},
)?;
create_file(&tmp, "sub1/Cargo.toml", "")?;
create_file(&tmp, "sub1/sub11/cargo-generate.toml", "")?;
create_file(
&tmp,
"sub1/sub12/cargo-generate.toml",
indoc::indoc! {r#"
[template]
sub_templates = ["sub122", "sub121"]
"#},
)?;
create_file(&tmp, "sub2/Cargo.toml", "")?;
create_file(&tmp, "sub1/sub11/Cargo.toml", "")?;
create_file(&tmp, "sub1/sub12/sub121/Cargo.toml", "")?;
create_file(&tmp, "sub1/sub12/sub122/Cargo.toml", "")?;
let mut prompt_num = 0;
let actual = auto_locate_template_dir(tmp.path().to_path_buf(), &mut |slots| match &slots
.var_info
{
VarInfo::Bool { .. } => anyhow::bail!("Wrong prompt type"),
VarInfo::String { entry } => {
if let Some(choices) = entry.choices.clone() {
let (expected, answer) = match prompt_num {
0 => (vec!["sub1", "sub2"], "sub1"),
1 => (vec!["sub11", "sub12"], "sub12"),
2 => (vec!["sub122", "sub121"], "sub121"),
_ => panic!("Unexpected number of prompts"),
};
prompt_num += 1;
expected
.into_iter()
.zip(choices.iter())
.for_each(|(a, b)| assert_eq!(a, b));
Ok(answer.to_string())
} else {
anyhow::bail!("Missing choices")
}
}
})?
.canonicalize()?;
let expected = tmp
.path()
.join("sub1")
.join("sub12")
.join("sub121")
.canonicalize()?;
assert_eq!(expected, actual);
Ok(())
}
#[test]
fn auto_locate_template_prompts_when_multiple_cargo_generate_is_found() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
let tmp = tempdir().unwrap();
create_file(&tmp, "dir1/Cargo.toml", "")?;
create_file(&tmp, "dir2/dir2_1/Cargo.toml", "")?;
create_file(&tmp, "dir2/dir2_2/cargo-generate.toml", "")?;
create_file(&tmp, "dir3/Cargo.toml", "")?;
create_file(&tmp, "dir4/cargo-generate.toml", "")?;
let actual = auto_locate_template_dir(tmp.path().to_path_buf(), &mut |slots| match &slots
.var_info
{
VarInfo::Bool { .. } => anyhow::bail!("Wrong prompt type"),
VarInfo::String { entry } => {
if let Some(choices) = entry.choices.clone() {
let expected = vec![
Path::new("dir2").join("dir2_2").to_string(),
"dir4".to_string(),
];
assert_eq!(expected, choices);
Ok("dir4".to_string())
} else {
anyhow::bail!("Missing choices")
}
}
})?
.canonicalize()?;
let expected = tmp.path().join("dir4").canonicalize()?;
assert_eq!(expected, actual);
Ok(())
}
pub trait PathString {
fn to_string(&self) -> String;
}
impl PathString for PathBuf {
fn to_string(&self) -> String {
self.as_path().to_string()
}
}
impl PathString for Path {
fn to_string(&self) -> String {
self.display().to_string()
}
}
pub fn create_file(
base_path: &TempDir,
path: impl AsRef<Path>,
contents: impl AsRef<str>,
) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
let path = base_path.path().join(path);
if let Some(parent) = path.parent() {
fs::create_dir_all(parent)?;
}
fs::File::create(&path)?.write_all(contents.as_ref().as_ref())?;
Ok(())
}
}