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// Copyright 2022 Adobe. All rights reserved.
// This file is licensed to you under the Apache License,
// Version 2.0 (http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0)
// or the MIT license (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT),
// at your option.
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
// this software is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
// WARRANTIES OR REPRESENTATIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
// implied. See the LICENSE-MIT and LICENSE-APACHE files for the
// specific language governing permissions and limitations under
// each license.
use std::collections::HashMap;
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
use serde_cbor::Value;
use crate::{
assertion::{Assertion, AssertionBase, AssertionCbor},
assertions::{labels, Actor, Metadata},
error::Result,
resource_store::UriOrResource,
utils::cbor_types::DateT,
ClaimGeneratorInfo,
};
const ASSERTION_CREATION_VERSION: usize = 2;
/// Specification defined C2PA actions
pub mod c2pa_action {
/// Changes to tone, saturation, etc.
pub const COLOR_ADJUSTMENTS: &str = "c2pa.color_adjustments";
/// The format of the asset was changed.
pub const CONVERTED: &str = "c2pa.converted";
/// The asset was first created, usually the asset's origin.
pub const CREATED: &str = "c2pa.created";
/// Areas of the asset's "editorial" content were cropped out.
pub const CROPPED: &str = "c2pa.cropped";
/// Changes using drawing tools including brushes or eraser.
pub const DRAWING: &str = "c2pa.drawing";
/// Generalized actions that affect the "editorial" meaning of the content.
pub const EDITED: &str = "c2pa.edited";
/// Changes to appearance with applied filters, styles, etc.
pub const FILTERED: &str = "c2pa.filtered";
/// An existing asset was opened and is being set as the `parentOf` ingredient.
pub const OPENED: &str = "c2pa.opened";
/// Changes to the direction and position of content.
pub const ORIENTATION: &str = "c2pa.orientation";
/// Added/Placed a `componentOf` ingredient into the asset.
pub const PLACED: &str = "c2pa.placed";
/// Asset is released to a wider audience.
pub const PUBLISHED: &str = "c2pa.published";
/// A conversion of one packaging or container format to another. Content may be repackaged without transcoding.
/// Does not include any adjustments that would affect the "editorial" meaning of the content.
pub const REPACKAGED: &str = "c2pa.repackaged";
/// Changes to content dimensions and/or file size
pub const RESIZED: &str = "c2pa.resized";
/// A direct conversion of one encoding to another, including resolution scaling, bitrate adjustment and encoding format change.
/// Does not include any adjustments that would affect the "editorial" meaning of the content.
pub const TRANSCODED: &str = "c2pa.transcoded";
/// Something happened, but the claim_generator cannot specify what.
pub const UNKNOWN: &str = "c2pa.unknown";
}
/// We use this to allow SourceAgent to be either a string or a ClaimGeneratorInfo
#[derive(Deserialize, Serialize, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
#[serde(untagged)]
pub enum SoftwareAgent {
String(String),
ClaimGeneratorInfo(ClaimGeneratorInfo),
}
impl From<&str> for SoftwareAgent {
fn from(s: &str) -> Self {
Self::String(s.to_owned())
}
}
impl From<ClaimGeneratorInfo> for SoftwareAgent {
fn from(c: ClaimGeneratorInfo) -> Self {
Self::ClaimGeneratorInfo(c)
}
}
/// Defines a single action taken on an asset.
///
/// An [`Action`] describes what took place on the asset, when it took place,
/// along with possible other information such as what software performed
/// the action.
///
/// See <https://c2pa.org/specifications/specifications/1.0/specs/C2PA_Specification.html#_actions>.
#[derive(Deserialize, Serialize, Clone, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct Action {
/// The label associated with this action. See ([`c2pa_action`]).
action: String,
/// Timestamp of when the action occurred.
#[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
when: Option<DateT>,
/// The software agent that performed the action.
#[serde(rename = "softwareAgent", skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
software_agent: Option<SoftwareAgent>,
/// A semicolon-delimited list of the parts of the resource that were changed since the previous event history.
#[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
changed: Option<String>,
/// A list of the regions of interest of the resource that were changed.
///
/// If not present, presumed to be undefined.
/// When tracking changes and the scope of the changed components is unknown,
/// it should be assumed that anything might have changed.
#[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
changes: Option<Vec<serde_json::Value>>,
/// The value of the `xmpMM:InstanceID` property for the modified (output) resource.
#[serde(rename = "instanceId", skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
instance_id: Option<String>,
/// Additional parameters of the action. These vary by the type of action.
#[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
parameters: Option<HashMap<String, Value>>,
/// An array of the creators that undertook this action.
#[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
actors: Option<Vec<Actor>>,
/// One of the defined URI values at `<https://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/>`
#[serde(rename = "digitalSourceType", skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
source_type: Option<String>,
/// List of related actions.
#[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
related: Option<Vec<Action>>,
// The reason why this action was performed, required when the action is `c2pa.redacted`
#[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
reason: Option<String>,
}
impl Action {
/// Create a new action with a specific action label.
///
/// This label is often one of the labels defined in [`c2pa_action`],
/// but can also be a custom string in reverse-domain format.
pub fn new(label: &str) -> Self {
Self {
action: label.to_owned(),
..Default::default()
}
}
fn is_v2(&self) -> bool {
matches!(
self.software_agent,
Some(SoftwareAgent::ClaimGeneratorInfo(_))
) || self.changes.is_some() // only defined for v2
}
/// Returns the label for this action.
///
/// This label is often one of the labels defined in [`c2pa_action`],
/// but can also be a custom string in reverse-domain format.
pub fn action(&self) -> &str {
&self.action
}
/// Returns the timestamp of when the action occurred.
///
/// This string, if present, will be in ISO-8601 date format.
pub fn when(&self) -> Option<&str> {
self.when.as_deref()
}
/// Returns the software agent that performed the action.
pub fn software_agent(&self) -> Option<&SoftwareAgent> {
self.software_agent.as_ref()
}
/// Returns a mutable software agent that performed the action.
pub fn software_agent_mut(&mut self) -> Option<&mut SoftwareAgent> {
self.software_agent.as_mut()
}
/// Returns the value of the `xmpMM:InstanceID` property for the modified
/// (output) resource.
pub fn instance_id(&self) -> Option<&str> {
self.instance_id.as_deref()
}
/// Returns the additional parameters for this action.
///
/// These vary by the type of action.
pub fn parameters(&self) -> Option<&HashMap<String, Value>> {
self.parameters.as_ref()
}
/// Returns an individual action parameter if it exists.
pub fn get_parameter(&self, key: &str) -> Option<&Value> {
match self.parameters.as_ref() {
Some(parameters) => parameters.get(key),
None => None,
}
}
/// An array of the [`Actor`]s that undertook this action.
pub fn actors(&self) -> Option<&[Actor]> {
self.actors.as_deref()
}
/// Returns a digitalSourceType as defined at <https://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/>.
pub fn source_type(&self) -> Option<&str> {
self.source_type.as_deref()
}
/// Returns the list of related actions.
///
/// This is only present in C2PA v2.
/// See <https://c2pa.org/specifications/specifications/1.0/specs/C2PA_Specification.html#_related>.
pub fn related(&self) -> Option<&[Action]> {
self.related.as_deref()
}
/// Returns the reason why this action was performed.
///
/// This is only present in C2PA v2.
/// See <https://c2pa.org/specifications/specifications/1.0/specs/C2PA_Specification.html#_reason>.
pub fn reason(&self) -> Option<&str> {
self.reason.as_deref()
}
/// Sets the timestamp for when the action occurred.
///
/// This timestamp must be in ISO-8601 date.
pub fn set_when<S: Into<String>>(mut self, when: S) -> Self {
self.when = Some(DateT(when.into()));
self
}
/// Sets the software agent that performed the action.
pub fn set_software_agent<S: Into<SoftwareAgent>>(mut self, software_agent: S) -> Self {
self.software_agent = Some(software_agent.into());
self
}
/// Sets the list of the parts of the resource that were changed
/// since the previous event history.
pub fn set_changed(mut self, changed: Option<&Vec<&str>>) -> Self {
self.changed = changed.map(|v| v.join(";"));
self
}
/// Sets the value of the `xmpMM:InstanceID` property for the
/// modified (output) resource.
pub fn set_instance_id<S: Into<String>>(mut self, id: S) -> Self {
self.instance_id = Some(id.into());
self
}
/// Sets the additional parameters for this action.
///
/// These vary by the type of action.
pub fn set_parameter<S: Into<String>, T: Serialize>(
mut self,
key: S,
value: T,
) -> Result<Self> {
let value_bytes = serde_cbor::ser::to_vec(&value)?;
let value = serde_cbor::from_slice(&value_bytes)?;
self.parameters = Some(match self.parameters {
Some(mut parameters) => {
parameters.insert(key.into(), value);
parameters
}
None => {
let mut p = HashMap::new();
p.insert(key.into(), value);
p
}
});
Ok(self)
}
/// Sets the array of [`Actor`]s that undertook this action.
pub fn set_actors(mut self, actors: Option<&Vec<Actor>>) -> Self {
self.actors = actors.cloned();
self
}
/// Set a digitalSourceType URI as defined at <https://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/>.
pub fn set_source_type<S: Into<String>>(mut self, uri: S) -> Self {
self.source_type = Some(uri.into());
self
}
/// Sets the list of related actions.
///
/// This is only present in C2PA v2.
/// See <https://c2pa.org/specifications/specifications/1.0/specs/C2PA_Specification.html#_related>.
pub fn set_related(mut self, related: Option<&Vec<Action>>) -> Self {
self.related = related.cloned();
self
}
/// Sets the reason why this action was performed.
///
/// This is only present in C2PA v2.
/// See <https://c2pa.org/specifications/specifications/1.0/specs/C2PA_Specification.html#_reason>.
pub fn set_reason<S: Into<String>>(mut self, reason: S) -> Self {
self.reason = Some(reason.into());
self
}
}
#[derive(Deserialize, Serialize, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
#[non_exhaustive]
pub struct ActionTemplate {
/// The label associated with this action. See ([`c2pa_action`]).
pub action: String,
/// The software agent that performed the action.
#[serde(rename = "softwareAgent", skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
pub software_agent: Option<SoftwareAgent>,
/// One of the defined URI values at `<https://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/>`
#[serde(rename = "digitalSourceType", skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
pub source_type: Option<String>,
#[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
pub icon: Option<UriOrResource>,
#[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
pub description: Option<String>,
#[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
pub parameters: Option<HashMap<String, Value>>,
}
impl ActionTemplate {
/// Creates a new ActionTemplate.
pub fn new<S: Into<String>>(action: S) -> Self {
Self {
action: action.into(),
..Default::default()
}
}
}
/// An `Actions` assertion provides information on edits and other
/// actions taken that affect the asset’s content.
///
/// This assertion contains a list of [`Action`], each one declaring
/// what took place on the asset, when it took place, along with possible
/// other information such as what software performed the action.
///
/// See <https://c2pa.org/specifications/specifications/1.0/specs/C2PA_Specification.html#_actions>.
#[derive(Deserialize, Serialize, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
#[non_exhaustive]
pub struct Actions {
/// A list of [`Action`]s.
pub actions: Vec<Action>,
/// list of templates for the [`Action`]s
#[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
pub templates: Option<Vec<ActionTemplate>>,
/// Additional information about the assertion.
#[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
pub metadata: Option<Metadata>,
}
impl Actions {
/// Label prefix for an [`Actions`] assertion.
///
/// See <https://c2pa.org/specifications/specifications/1.0/specs/C2PA_Specification.html#_actions>.
pub const LABEL: &'static str = labels::ACTIONS;
/// Creates a new [`Actions`] assertion struct.
pub fn new() -> Self {
Self {
actions: Vec::new(),
templates: None,
metadata: None,
}
}
/// determines if actions is V2
fn is_v2(&self) -> bool {
if self.templates.is_some() {
return true;
};
self.actions.iter().any(|a| a.is_v2())
}
/// Returns the list of [`Action`]s.
pub fn actions(&self) -> &[Action] {
&self.actions
}
/// Returns mutable list of [`Action`]s.
pub fn actions_mut(&mut self) -> &mut [Action] {
&mut self.actions
}
/// Returns the assertion's [`Metadata`], if it exists.
pub fn metadata(&self) -> Option<&Metadata> {
self.metadata.as_ref()
}
/// Internal method to update actions to meet spec requirements
pub(crate) fn update_action(mut self, index: usize, action: Action) -> Self {
self.actions[index] = action;
self
}
/// Adds an [`Action`] to this assertion's list of actions.
pub fn add_action(mut self, action: Action) -> Self {
self.actions.push(action);
self
}
/// Sets [`Metadata`] for the action.
pub fn add_metadata(mut self, metadata: Metadata) -> Self {
self.metadata = Some(metadata);
self
}
/// Creates a CBOR [`Actions`] assertion from a compatible JSON value.
pub fn from_json_value(json: &serde_json::Value) -> Result<Self> {
let buf: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
let json_str = json.to_string();
let mut from = serde_json::Deserializer::from_str(&json_str);
let mut to = serde_cbor::Serializer::new(buf);
serde_transcode::transcode(&mut from, &mut to)?;
let buf2 = to.into_inner();
let actions: Actions = serde_cbor::from_slice(&buf2)?;
Ok(actions)
}
}
impl AssertionCbor for Actions {}
impl AssertionBase for Actions {
const LABEL: &'static str = labels::ACTIONS;
const VERSION: Option<usize> = Some(ASSERTION_CREATION_VERSION);
/// if we require v2 fields then use V2
fn version(&self) -> Option<usize> {
if self.is_v2() {
Some(2)
} else {
Some(1)
}
}
/// if we require v2 fields then use V2
fn label(&self) -> &str {
if self.is_v2() {
"c2pa.actions.v2"
} else {
labels::ACTIONS
}
}
fn to_assertion(&self) -> Result<Assertion> {
Self::to_cbor_assertion(self)
}
fn from_assertion(assertion: &Assertion) -> Result<Self> {
Self::from_cbor_assertion(assertion)
}
}
impl Default for Actions {
fn default() -> Self {
Self::new()
}
}
#[cfg(test)]
pub mod tests {
#![allow(clippy::expect_used)]
#![allow(clippy::panic)]
#![allow(clippy::unwrap_used)]
use super::*;
use crate::{
assertion::AssertionData,
assertions::metadata::{c2pa_source::GENERATOR_REE, DataSource, ReviewRating},
hashed_uri::HashedUri,
};
fn make_hashed_uri1() -> HashedUri {
HashedUri::new(
"self#jumbf=verified_credentials/1234".to_string(),
None,
b"hashed",
)
}
fn make_action1() -> Action {
Action::new(c2pa_action::CROPPED)
.set_software_agent("test")
.set_when("2015-06-26T16:43:23+0200")
.set_parameter(
"foo".to_owned(),
r#"{
"left": 0,
"right": 2000,
"top": 1000,
"bottom": 4000
}"#
.to_owned(),
)
.unwrap()
.set_parameter("ingredient".to_owned(), make_hashed_uri1())
.unwrap()
.set_changed(Some(&["this", "that"].to_vec()))
.set_instance_id("xmp.iid:cb9f5498-bb58-4572-8043-8c369e6bfb9b")
.set_actors(Some(
&[Actor::new(
Some("Somebody"),
Some(&[make_hashed_uri1()].to_vec()),
)]
.to_vec(),
))
}
#[test]
fn assertion_actions() {
let original = Actions::new()
.add_action(make_action1())
.add_action(
Action::new("c2pa.filtered")
.set_parameter("name".to_owned(), "gaussian blur")
.unwrap()
.set_when("2015-06-26T16:43:23+0200")
.set_source_type("digsrctype:algorithmicMedia"),
)
.add_metadata(
Metadata::new()
.add_review(ReviewRating::new("foo", Some("bar".to_owned()), 3))
.set_reference(make_hashed_uri1())
.set_data_source(DataSource::new(GENERATOR_REE)),
);
assert_eq!(original.actions.len(), 2);
let assertion = original.to_assertion().expect("build_assertion");
assert_eq!(assertion.mime_type(), "application/cbor");
assert_eq!(assertion.label(), Actions::LABEL);
let result = Actions::from_assertion(&assertion).expect("extract_assertion");
assert_eq!(result.actions.len(), 2);
assert_eq!(result.actions[0].action(), original.actions[0].action());
assert_eq!(
result.actions[0].parameters().unwrap().get("name"),
original.actions[0].parameters().unwrap().get("name")
);
assert_eq!(result.actions[1].action(), original.actions[1].action());
assert_eq!(
result.actions[1].parameters.as_ref().unwrap().get("name"),
original.actions[1].parameters.as_ref().unwrap().get("name")
);
assert_eq!(result.actions[1].when(), original.actions[1].when());
assert_eq!(
result.actions[1].source_type().unwrap(),
"digsrctype:algorithmicMedia"
);
assert_eq!(
result.metadata.unwrap().date_time(),
original.metadata.unwrap().date_time()
);
}
#[test]
fn test_build_assertion() {
let assertion = Actions::new()
.add_action(
Action::new("c2pa.cropped")
.set_parameter(
"coordinate".to_owned(),
r#"{
"left": 0,
"right": 2000,
"top": 1000,
"bottom": 4000
}"#,
)
.unwrap(),
)
.add_action(
Action::new("c2pa.filtered")
.set_parameter("name".to_owned(), "gaussian blur")
.unwrap()
.set_when("2015-06-26T16:43:23+0200"),
)
.to_assertion()
.unwrap();
println!("assertion label: {}", assertion.label());
let j = assertion.data();
//println!("assertion as json {:#?}", j);
let from_j = Assertion::from_data_cbor(&assertion.label(), j);
let ad_ref = from_j.decode_data();
if let AssertionData::Cbor(ref ad_cbor) = ad_ref {
// compare results
let orig_d = assertion.decode_data();
if let AssertionData::Cbor(ref orig_cbor) = orig_d {
assert_eq!(orig_cbor, ad_cbor);
} else {
panic!("Couldn't decode orig_d");
}
} else {
panic!("Couldn't decode ad_ref");
}
}
#[test]
fn test_binary_round_trip() {
let assertion = Actions::new()
.add_action(
Action::new("c2pa.cropped")
.set_parameter(
"name".to_owned(),
r#"{
"left": 0,
"right": 2000,
"top": 1000,
"bottom": 4000
}"#,
)
.unwrap(),
)
.add_action(
Action::new("c2pa.filtered")
.set_parameter("name".to_owned(), "gaussian blur")
.unwrap()
.set_when("2015-06-26T16:43:23+0200"),
)
.to_assertion()
.unwrap();
let orig_bytes = assertion.data();
let assertion_from_binary = Assertion::from_data_cbor(&assertion.label(), orig_bytes);
println!(
"Label Match Test {} = {}",
assertion.label(),
assertion_from_binary.label()
);
assert_eq!(assertion.label(), assertion_from_binary.label());
// compare the data as bytes
assert_eq!(orig_bytes, assertion_from_binary.data());
println!("Decoded binary matches")
}
#[test]
fn test_json_round_trip() {
let json = serde_json::json!({
"actions": [
{
"action": "c2pa.edited",
"parameters": {
"description": "gradient",
"name": "any value"
},
"softwareAgent": "TestApp"
},
{
"action": "c2pa.opened",
"instanceId": "xmp.iid:7b57930e-2f23-47fc-affe-0400d70b738d",
"parameters": {
"description": "import"
},
"digitalSourceType": "http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/algorithmicMedia",
"softwareAgent": "TestApp 1.0",
},
],
"metadata": {
"mytag": "myvalue"
}
});
let original = Actions::from_json_value(&json).expect("from json");
let assertion = original.to_assertion().expect("build_assertion");
let result = Actions::from_assertion(&assertion).expect("extract_assertion");
assert_eq!(result.label(), labels::ACTIONS);
println!("{}", serde_json::to_string_pretty(&result).unwrap());
assert_eq!(original.actions, result.actions);
assert_eq!(
result.actions[0].software_agent().unwrap(),
&SoftwareAgent::String("TestApp".to_string())
);
}
#[test]
fn test_json_v2_round_trip() {
let json = serde_json::json!({
"actions": [
{
"action": "c2pa.edited",
"parameters": {
"description": "gradient",
"name": "any value"
},
"softwareAgent": "TestApp"
},
{
"action": "c2pa.opened",
"instanceId": "xmp.iid:7b57930e-2f23-47fc-affe-0400d70b738d",
"parameters": {
"description": "import"
},
"digitalSourceType": "http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/algorithmicMedia",
"softwareAgent": {
"name": "TestApp",
"version": "1.0",
"something": "else"
},
},
{
"action": "com.joesphoto.filter",
},
{
"action": "c2pa.dubbed",
"changes": [
{
"description": "translated to klingon",
"region": [
{
"type": "temporal",
"time": {}
},
{
"type": "identified",
"item": {
"identifier": "https://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/FMA",
"value": "lips"
}
}
]
}
]
}
],
"templates": [
{
"action": "com.joesphoto.filter",
"description": "Magic Filter",
"digitalSourceType": "http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/compositeSynthetic",
"softwareAgent" : {
"name": "Joe's Photo Editor",
"version": "2.0",
"schema.org.SoftwareApplication.operatingSystem": "Windows 10"
}
}
],
"metadata": {
"mytag": "myvalue"
}
});
let original = Actions::from_json_value(&json).expect("from json");
let assertion = original.to_assertion().expect("build_assertion");
let result = Actions::from_assertion(&assertion).expect("extract_assertion");
println!("{}", serde_json::to_string_pretty(&result).unwrap());
assert_eq!(result.label(), "c2pa.actions.v2");
assert_eq!(original.actions, result.actions);
assert_eq!(original.templates, result.templates);
assert_eq!(
result.actions[0].software_agent().unwrap(),
&SoftwareAgent::String("TestApp".to_string())
);
assert_eq!(
result.actions[3].changes.as_deref().unwrap()[0]
.get("description")
.unwrap(),
"translated to klingon"
);
}
}