bumpalo 3.0.0

A fast bump allocation arena for Rust.
Documentation
## Unreleased

Released YYYY-MM-DD.

### Added

* TODO (or remove section if none)

### Changed

* TODO (or remove section if none)

### Deprecated

* TODO (or remove section if none)

### Removed

* TODO (or remove section if none)

### Fixed

* TODO (or remove section if none)

### Security

* TODO (or remove section if none)

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# 3.0.0

Released 2019-12-20.

## Added

* Added `Bump::alloc_str` for copying string slices into a `Bump`.

* Added `Bump::alloc_slice_copy` and `Bump::alloc_slice_clone` for copying or
  cloning slices into a `Bump`.

* Added `Bump::alloc_slice_fill_iter` for allocating a slice in the `Bump` from
  an iterator.

* Added `Bump::alloc_slice_fill_copy` and `Bump::alloc_slice_fill_clone` for
  creating slices of length `n` that are filled with copies or clones of an
  inital element.

* Added `Bump::alloc_slice_fill_default` for creating slices of length `n` with
  the element type's default instance.

* Added `Bump::alloc_slice_fill_with` for creating slices of length `n` whose
  elements are initialized with a function or closure.

* Added `Bump::iter_allocated_chunks` as a replacement for the old
  `Bump::each_allocated_chunk`. The `iter_allocated_chunks` version returns an
  iterator, which is more idiomatic than its old, callback-taking counterpart.
  Additionally, `iter_allocated_chunks` exposes the chunks as `MaybeUninit`s
  instead of slices, which makes it usable in more situations without triggering
  undefined behavior. See also the note about bump direction in the "changed"
  section; if you're iterating chunks, you're likely affected by that change!

* Added `Bump::with_capacity` so that you can pre-allocate a chunk with the
  requested space.

### Changed

* **BREAKING:** The direction we allocate within a chunk has changed. It used to
  be "upwards", from low addresses within a chunk towards high addresses. It is
  now "downwards", from high addresses towards lower addresses.

  Additionally, the order in which we iterate over allocated chunks has changed!
  We used to iterate over chunks from oldest chunk to newest chunk, and now we
  do the opposite: the youngest chunks are iterated over first, and the oldest
  chunks are iterated over last.

  If you were using `Bump::each_allocated_chunk` to iterate over data that you
  had previously allocated, and *you want to iterate in order of allocation*,
  you need to reverse the chunks iterator and also reverse the order in which
  you loop through the data within a chunk!

  For example, if you had this code:

  ```rust
  unsafe {
      bump.each_allocated_chunk(|chunk| {
          for byte in chunk {
              // Touch each byte in allocation order...
          }
      });
  }
  ```

  It should become this code:

  ```rust
  let mut chunks: Vec<_> = bump.iter_allocated_chunks().collect();
  chunks.reverse();
  for chunk in chunks {
      for byte in chunk.iter().rev() {
          let byte = unsafe { byte.assume_init() };
          // Touch each byte in allocation order...
      }
  }
  ```

  The good news is that this change yielded a *speed up in allocation throughput
  of 3-19%!*

  See https://github.com/fitzgen/bumpalo/pull/37 and
  https://fitzgeraldnick.com/2019/11/01/always-bump-downwards.html for details.

* **BREAKING:** The `collections` cargo feature is no longer on by default. You
  must explicitly turn it on if you intend to use the `bumpalo::collections`
  module.

* `Bump::reset` will now retain only the last allocated chunk (the biggest),
  rather than only the first allocated chunk (the smallest). This should enable
  `Bump` to better adapt to workload sizes and quickly reach a steady state
  where new chunks are not requested from the global allocator.

### Removed

* The `Bump::each_allocated_chunk` method is removed in favor of
  `Bump::iter_allocated_chunks`. Note that its safety requirements for reading
  from the allocated chunks are slightly different from the old
  `each_allocated_chunk`: only up to 16-byte alignment is supported now. If you
  allocate anything with greater alignment than that into the bump arena, there
  might be uninitilized padding inserted in the chunks, and therefore it is no
  longer safe to read them via `MaybeUninit::assume_init`. See also the note
  about bump direction in the "changed" section; if you're iterating chunks,
  you're likely affected by that change!

* The `std` cargo feature has been removed, since this crate is now always
  no-std.

## Fixed

* Fixed a bug involving potential integer overflows with large requested
  allocation sizes.

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# 2.6.0

Released 2019-08-19.

* Implement `Send` for `Bump`.

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# 2.5.0

Released 2019-07-01.

* Add `alloc_slice_copy` and `alloc_slice_clone` methods that allocate space for
  slices and either copy (with bound `T: Copy`) or clone (with bound `T: Clone`)
  the provided slice's data into the newly allocated space.

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# 2.4.3

Released 2019-05-20.

* Fixed a bug where chunks were always deallocated with the default chunk
  layout, not the layout that the chunk was actually allocated with (i.e. if we
  started growing largers chunks with larger layouts, we would deallocate those
  chunks with an incorrect layout).

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# 2.4.2

Released 2019-05-17.

* Added an implementation `Default` for `Bump`.
* Made it so that if bump allocation within a chunk overflows, we still try to
  allocate a new chunk to bump out of for the requested allocation. This can
  avoid some OOMs in scenarios where the chunk we are currently allocating out
  of is very near the high end of the address space, and there is still
  available address space lower down for new chunks.

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# 2.4.1

Released 2019-04-19.

* Added readme metadata to Cargo.toml so it shows up on crates.io

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# 2.4.0

Released 2019-04-19.

* Added support for `realloc`ing in-place when the pointer being `realloc`ed is
  the last allocation made from the bump arena. This should speed up various
  `String`, `Vec`, and `format!` operations in many cases.

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# 2.3.0

Released 2019-03-26.

* Add the `alloc_with` method, that (usually) avoids stack-allocating the
  allocated value and then moving it into the bump arena. This avoids potential
  stack overflows in release mode when allocating very large objects, and also
  some `memcpy` calls. This is similar to the `copyless` crate. Read [the
  `alloc_with` doc comments][alloc-with-doc-comments] and [the original issue
  proposing this API][issue-proposing-alloc-with] for more.

[alloc-with-doc-comments]: https://github.com/fitzgen/bumpalo/blob/9f47aee8a6839ba65c073b9ad5372aacbbd02352/src/lib.rs#L436-L475
[issue-proposing-alloc-with]: https://github.com/fitzgen/bumpalo/issues/10

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# 2.2.2

Released 2019-03-18.

* Fix a regression from 2.2.1 where chunks were not always aligned to the chunk
  footer's alignment.

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# 2.2.1

Released 2019-03-18.

* Fix a regression in 2.2.0 where newly allocated bump chunks could fail to have
  capacity for a large requested bump allocation in some corner cases.

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# 2.2.0

Released 2019-03-15.

* Chunks in an arena now start out small, and double in size as more chunks are
  requested.

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# 2.1.0

Released 2019-02-12.

* Added the `into_bump_slice` method on `bumpalo::collections::Vec<T>`.

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# 2.0.0

Released 2019-02-11.

* Removed the `BumpAllocSafe` trait.
* Correctly detect overflows from large allocations and panic.

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# 1.2.0

Released 2019-01-15.

* Fixed an overly-aggressive `debug_assert!` that had false positives.
* Ported to Rust 2018 edition.

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# 1.1.0

Released 2018-11-28.

* Added the `collections` module, which contains ports of `std`'s collection
  types that are compatible with backing their storage in `Bump` arenas.
* Lifted the limits on size and alignment of allocations.

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# 1.0.2

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# 1.0.1

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# 1.0.0