1
  2
  3
  4
  5
  6
  7
  8
  9
 10
 11
 12
 13
 14
 15
 16
 17
 18
 19
 20
 21
 22
 23
 24
 25
 26
 27
 28
 29
 30
 31
 32
 33
 34
 35
 36
 37
 38
 39
 40
 41
 42
 43
 44
 45
 46
 47
 48
 49
 50
 51
 52
 53
 54
 55
 56
 57
 58
 59
 60
 61
 62
 63
 64
 65
 66
 67
 68
 69
 70
 71
 72
 73
 74
 75
 76
 77
 78
 79
 80
 81
 82
 83
 84
 85
 86
 87
 88
 89
 90
 91
 92
 93
 94
 95
 96
 97
 98
 99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
//! A sparse lattice map made of up array chunks. Designed for random access. Supports multiple levels of detail.
//!
//! # Level of Detail
//!
//! All chunks have the same shape, but the voxel size doubles at every level. Most of the time, you will just manipulate the
//! data at LOD0, but if you need to downsample this to save resources where coarser resolution is acceptable, then you can use
//! a `ChunkDownsampler` and the `ChunkMap::downsample_*` methods to populate higher levels.
//!
//! *NOTE*: If you want your downsampled data to have different number of channels than LOD0, then you will need to store the
//! downsampled chunks in a different `ChunkMap`. You will need to use specialized methods for this use case:
//! - `ChunkMap::downsample_external_chunk`
//! - `ChunkMap::downsample_chunks_with_lod0_and_index`
//!
//! # Indexing and Iteration
//!
//! The data can either be addressed by `ChunkKey` with the `get_chunk*` methods or by individual points using the `Get*` and
//! `ForEach*` trait impls on a `ChunkMapLodView`. At a given level of detail, the key for a chunk is the minimum point in that
//! chunk, which is always a multiple of the chunk shape. Chunk shape dimensions must be powers of 2, which allows for
//! efficiently calculating a chunk minimum from any point in the chunk.
//!
//! If you require iteration over large, but very sparse regions, you might want an additional `OctreeChunkIndex` to track the
//! set of occupied chunks. Traversing that index can be faster than doing hash map lookups on all of the possible chunks in a
//! region.
//!
//! When using multiple levels of detail, it's generally useful to have an `OctreeChunkIndex` that tracks the chunk occupancy.
//! This helps with specific types of traversal, like for downsampling or detecting clipmap updates.
//!
//! # Chunk Storage
//!
//! `ChunkMap<N, T, Bldr, Store>` depends on a backing chunk storage `Store`, which can implement some of `ChunkReadStorage` or
//! `ChunkWriteStorage`. A storage can be as simple as a `HashMap`, which provides good performance for both iteration and
//! random access. It could also be something more memory efficient like `FastCompressibleChunkStorage` or
//! `CompressibleChunkStorageReader`, which perform nearly as well but involve some extra management of the cache.
//!
//! # Serialization
//!
//! In order to efficiently serialize a `ChunkMap`, you can first use `SerializableChunks::from_iter` to create a compact
//! serializable representation. It will compress the bincode representation of the chunks.
//!
//! # Example `ChunkHashMap` Usage
//! ```
//! use building_blocks_core::prelude::*;
//! use building_blocks_storage::prelude::*;
//!
//! let chunk_shape = Point3i::fill(16);
//! let ambient_value = 0;
//! let builder = ChunkMapBuilder3x1::new(chunk_shape, ambient_value);
//! let mut map = builder.build_with_hash_map_storage();
//!
//! // We need to focus on a specific level of detail to use the access traits.
//! let mut lod0 = map.lod_view_mut(0);
//!
//! // Although we only write 3 points, 3 whole dense chunks will be inserted.
//! let write_points = [Point3i::fill(-100), Point3i::ZERO, Point3i::fill(100)];
//! for &p in write_points.iter() {
//!     *lod0.get_mut(p) = 1;
//! }
//!
//! // Even though the map is sparse, we can get the smallest extent that bounds all of the occupied
//! // chunks in LOD0.
//! let bounding_extent = map.bounding_extent(0);
//!
//! // Now we can read back the values.
//! let lod0 = map.lod_view(0);
//! lod0.for_each(&bounding_extent, |p, value| {
//!     if write_points.iter().position(|pw| p == *pw) != None {
//!         assert_eq!(value, 1);
//!     } else {
//!         // The points that we didn't write explicitly got an ambient value when the chunk was
//!         // inserted. Also any points in `bounding_extent` that don't have a chunk will also take
//!         // the ambient value.
//!         assert_eq!(value, 0);
//!     }
//! });
//!
//! // You can also access individual points like you can with an `Array`. This is
//! // slower than iterating, because it hashes the chunk coordinates for every access.
//! for &p in write_points.iter() {
//!     assert_eq!(lod0.get(p), 1);
//! }
//! assert_eq!(lod0.get(Point3i::fill(1)), 0);
//!
//! // Sometimes you need to implement very fast algorithms (like kernel-based methods) that do a
//! // lot of random access. In this case it's most efficient to use `Stride`s, but `ChunkMap`
//! // doesn't support random indexing by `Stride`. Instead, assuming that your query spans multiple
//! // chunks, you should copy the extent into a dense map first. (The copy is fast).
//! let query_extent = Extent3i::from_min_and_shape(Point3i::fill(10), Point3i::fill(32));
//! let mut dense_map = Array3x1::fill(query_extent, ambient_value);
//! copy_extent(&query_extent, &lod0, &mut dense_map);
//! ```
//!
//! # Example `CompressibleChunkMap` Usage
//!
//! ```
//! # use building_blocks_core::prelude::*;
//! # use building_blocks_storage::prelude::*;
//! #
//! let chunk_shape = Point3i::fill(16);
//! let ambient_value = 0;
//! let builder = ChunkMapBuilder3x1::new(chunk_shape, ambient_value);
//! let mut map = builder.build_with_write_storage(
//!     FastCompressibleChunkStorageNx1::with_bytes_compression(Lz4 { level: 10 })
//! );
//! let mut lod0 = map.lod_view_mut(0);
//!
//! // You can write voxels the same as any other `ChunkMap`. As chunks are created, they will be placed in an LRU cache.
//! let write_points = [Point3i::fill(-100), Point3i::ZERO, Point3i::fill(100)];
//! for &p in write_points.iter() {
//!     *lod0.get_mut(p) = 1;
//! }
//!
//! // Save some space by compressing the least recently used chunks. On further access to the compressed chunks, they will get
//! // decompressed and cached.
//! map.storage_mut().compress_lru();
//!
//! // In order to use the read-only access traits, you need to construct a `CompressibleChunkStorageReader`.
//! let local_cache = LocalChunkCache3::new();
//! let reader = map.reader(&local_cache);
//!
//! let bounding_extent = reader.bounding_extent(0);
//! reader.lod_view(0).for_each(&bounding_extent, |p, value| {
//!     if write_points.iter().position(|pw| p == *pw) != None {
//!         assert_eq!(value, 1);
//!     } else {
//!         assert_eq!(value, 0);
//!     }
//! });
//!
//! // For efficient caching, you should flush your local cache back into the main storage when you are done with it.
//! map.storage_mut().flush_local_cache(local_cache);
//! ```

pub mod builder;
pub mod lod_view;
pub mod sampling;

pub use builder::*;
pub use lod_view::*;
pub use sampling::*;

use crate::{
    Array, ChunkIndexer, ChunkKey, ChunkReadStorage, ChunkWriteStorage, FillExtent, ForEach, Get,
    GetMut, GetRef, IterChunkKeys, MultiRef,
};

use building_blocks_core::{bounding_extent, ExtentN, IntegerPoint, PointN};

use either::Either;

/// One piece of a chunked lattice map.
pub trait Chunk {
    /// The inner array type. This makes it easier for `Chunk` implementations to satisfy access trait bounds by inheriting them
    /// from existing array types like `Array`.
    type Array;

    /// Borrow the inner array.
    fn array(&self) -> &Self::Array;

    /// Mutably borrow the inner array.
    fn array_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Array;
}

impl<N, Chan> Chunk for Array<N, Chan> {
    type Array = Self;

    #[inline]
    fn array(&self) -> &Self::Array {
        self
    }

    #[inline]
    fn array_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Array {
        self
    }
}

/// A lattice map made up of same-shaped `Array` chunks. For each level of detail, it takes a value at every possible `PointN`,
/// because accesses made outside of the stored chunks will return some ambient value specified on creation.
///
/// `ChunkMap` is generic over the type used to actually store the `Chunk`s. You can use any storage that implements
/// `ChunkReadStorage` or `ChunkWriteStorage`. Being a lattice map, `ChunkMapLodView` will implement various access traits,
/// depending on the capabilities of the chunk storage.
///
/// If the chunk storage implements `ChunkReadStorage`, then `ChunkMapLodView` will implement:
/// - `Get`
/// - `ForEach`
/// - `ReadExtent`
///
/// If the chunk storage implements `ChunkWriteStorage`, then `ChunkMapLodView` will implement:
/// - `GetMut`
/// - `ForEachMut`
/// - `WriteExtent`
pub struct ChunkMap<N, T, Bldr, Store> {
    /// Translates from lattice coordinates to chunk key space.
    pub indexer: ChunkIndexer<N>,
    storage: Store,
    builder: Bldr,
    ambient_value: T, // Needed for GetRef to return a reference to non-temporary value
}

/// A 2-dimensional `ChunkMap`.
pub type ChunkMap2<T, Bldr, Store> = ChunkMap<[i32; 2], T, Bldr, Store>;
/// A 3-dimensional `ChunkMap`.
pub type ChunkMap3<T, Bldr, Store> = ChunkMap<[i32; 3], T, Bldr, Store>;

/// An N-dimensional, single-channel `ChunkMap`.
pub type ChunkMapNx1<N, T, Store> = ChunkMap<N, T, ChunkMapBuilderNx1<N, T>, Store>;
/// A 2-dimensional, single-channel `ChunkMap`.
pub type ChunkMap2x1<T, Store> = ChunkMapNx1<[i32; 2], T, Store>;
/// A 3-dimensional, single-channel `ChunkMap`.
pub type ChunkMap3x1<T, Store> = ChunkMapNx1<[i32; 3], T, Store>;

impl<N, T, Bldr, Store> ChunkMap<N, T, Bldr, Store>
where
    PointN<N>: IntegerPoint<N>,
    Bldr: ChunkMapBuilder<N, T>,
{
    /// Creates a map using the given `storage`.
    ///
    /// All dimensions of `chunk_shape` must be powers of 2.
    fn new(builder: Bldr, storage: Store) -> Self {
        let indexer = ChunkIndexer::new(builder.chunk_shape());
        let ambient_value = builder.ambient_value();

        Self {
            indexer,
            storage,
            builder,
            ambient_value,
        }
    }
}

impl<N, T, Bldr, Store> ChunkMap<N, T, Bldr, Store> {
    /// Consumes `self` and returns the backing chunk storage.
    #[inline]
    pub fn take_storage(self) -> Store {
        self.storage
    }

    /// Borrows the internal chunk storage.
    #[inline]
    pub fn storage(&self) -> &Store {
        &self.storage
    }

    /// Borrows the internal chunk storage.
    #[inline]
    pub fn storage_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Store {
        &mut self.storage
    }

    #[inline]
    pub fn builder(&self) -> &Bldr {
        &self.builder
    }

    /// Get an immutable view of a single level of detail `lod` in order to use the access traits.
    #[inline]
    pub fn lod_view(&self, lod: u8) -> ChunkMapLodView<&'_ Self> {
        ChunkMapLodView {
            delegate: self,
            lod,
        }
    }

    /// Get a mutable view of a single level of detail `lod` in order to use the access traits.
    #[inline]
    pub fn lod_view_mut(&mut self, lod: u8) -> ChunkMapLodView<&'_ mut Self> {
        ChunkMapLodView {
            delegate: self,
            lod,
        }
    }
}

impl<N, T, Bldr, Store> ChunkMap<N, T, Bldr, Store>
where
    Bldr: ChunkMapBuilder<N, T>,
{
    #[inline]
    pub fn chunk_shape(&self) -> PointN<N> {
        self.builder().chunk_shape()
    }

    #[inline]
    pub fn ambient_value(&self) -> T {
        self.builder().ambient_value()
    }
}

impl<N, T, Bldr, Store> ChunkMap<N, T, Bldr, Store>
where
    PointN<N>: IntegerPoint<N>,
    Bldr: ChunkMapBuilder<N, T>,
    Store: ChunkReadStorage<N, Bldr::Chunk>,
{
    /// Borrow the chunk at `key`.
    ///
    /// In debug mode only, asserts that `key` is valid.
    #[inline]
    pub fn get_chunk(&self, key: ChunkKey<N>) -> Option<&Bldr::Chunk> {
        debug_assert!(self.indexer.chunk_min_is_valid(key.minimum));

        self.storage.get(key)
    }

    /// Get the values at point `p` in level of detail `lod`.
    #[inline]
    pub fn clone_point(&self, lod: u8, p: PointN<N>) -> T
    where
        T: Clone,
        <Bldr::Chunk as Chunk>::Array: Get<PointN<N>, Item = T>,
    {
        let chunk_min = self.indexer.min_of_chunk_containing_point(p);

        self.get_chunk(ChunkKey::new(lod, chunk_min))
            .map(|chunk| chunk.array().get(p))
            .unwrap_or_else(|| self.ambient_value.clone())
    }

    /// Get a reference to the values at point `p` in level of detail `lod`.
    #[inline]
    pub fn get_point<'a, Ref>(&'a self, lod: u8, p: PointN<N>) -> Ref
    where
        <Bldr::Chunk as Chunk>::Array: GetRef<'a, PointN<N>, Item = Ref>,
        Ref: MultiRef<'a, Data = T>,
    {
        let chunk_min = self.indexer.min_of_chunk_containing_point(p);

        self.get_chunk(ChunkKey::new(lod, chunk_min))
            .map(|chunk| chunk.array().get_ref(p))
            .unwrap_or_else(|| Ref::from_data_ref(&self.ambient_value))
    }

    /// Call `visitor` on all chunks that overlap `extent`. Vacant chunks will be represented by an `AmbientExtent`.
    #[inline]
    pub fn visit_chunks(
        &self,
        lod: u8,
        extent: &ExtentN<N>,
        mut visitor: impl FnMut(Either<&Bldr::Chunk, (&ExtentN<N>, AmbientExtent<N, T>)>),
    ) {
        for chunk_min in self.indexer.chunk_mins_for_extent(extent) {
            if let Some(chunk) = self.get_chunk(ChunkKey::new(lod, chunk_min)) {
                visitor(Either::Left(chunk))
            } else {
                let chunk_extent = self.indexer.extent_for_chunk_with_min(chunk_min);
                visitor(Either::Right((
                    &chunk_extent,
                    AmbientExtent::new(self.builder.ambient_value()),
                )))
            }
        }
    }

    /// Call `visitor` on all occupied chunks that overlap `extent`.
    #[inline]
    pub fn visit_occupied_chunks(
        &self,
        lod: u8,
        extent: &ExtentN<N>,
        mut visitor: impl FnMut(&Bldr::Chunk),
    ) {
        for chunk_min in self.indexer.chunk_mins_for_extent(extent) {
            if let Some(chunk) = self.get_chunk(ChunkKey::new(lod, chunk_min)) {
                visitor(chunk)
            }
        }
    }
}

impl<N, T, Bldr, Store> ChunkMap<N, T, Bldr, Store>
where
    PointN<N>: IntegerPoint<N>,
    Bldr: ChunkMapBuilder<N, T>,
    Store: ChunkWriteStorage<N, Bldr::Chunk>,
{
    /// Overwrite the `Chunk` at `key` with `chunk`. Drops the previous value.
    ///
    /// In debug mode only, asserts that `key` is valid and `chunk`'s shape is valid.
    #[inline]
    pub fn write_chunk(&mut self, key: ChunkKey<N>, chunk: Bldr::Chunk) {
        debug_assert!(self.indexer.chunk_min_is_valid(key.minimum));

        self.storage.write(key, chunk);
    }

    /// Replace the `Chunk` at `key` with `chunk`, returning the old value.
    ///
    /// In debug mode only, asserts that `key` is valid and `chunk`'s shape is valid.
    #[inline]
    pub fn replace_chunk(&mut self, key: ChunkKey<N>, chunk: Bldr::Chunk) -> Option<Bldr::Chunk> {
        debug_assert!(self.indexer.chunk_min_is_valid(key.minimum));

        self.storage.replace(key, chunk)
    }

    /// Mutably borrow the chunk at `key`.
    ///
    /// In debug mode only, asserts that `key` is valid.
    #[inline]
    pub fn get_mut_chunk(&mut self, key: ChunkKey<N>) -> Option<&mut Bldr::Chunk> {
        debug_assert!(self.indexer.chunk_min_is_valid(key.minimum));

        self.storage.get_mut(key)
    }

    /// Mutably borrow the chunk at `key`. If the chunk doesn't exist, `create_chunk` is called to insert one.
    ///
    /// In debug mode only, asserts that `key` is valid.
    #[inline]
    pub fn get_mut_chunk_or_insert_with(
        &mut self,
        key: ChunkKey<N>,
        create_chunk: impl FnOnce() -> Bldr::Chunk,
    ) -> &mut Bldr::Chunk {
        debug_assert!(self.indexer.chunk_min_is_valid(key.minimum));

        self.storage.get_mut_or_insert_with(key, create_chunk)
    }

    /// Mutably borrow the chunk at `key`. If the chunk doesn't exist, a new chunk is created with the ambient value.
    ///
    /// In debug mode only, asserts that `key` is valid.
    #[inline]
    pub fn get_mut_chunk_or_insert_ambient(&mut self, key: ChunkKey<N>) -> &mut Bldr::Chunk {
        debug_assert!(self.indexer.chunk_min_is_valid(key.minimum));

        let Self {
            indexer,
            storage,
            builder,
            ..
        } = self;
        let chunk_min = key.minimum;

        storage.get_mut_or_insert_with(key, || {
            builder.new_ambient(indexer.extent_for_chunk_with_min(chunk_min))
        })
    }

    /// Get a mutable reference to the values at point `p` in level of detail `lod`.
    #[inline]
    pub fn get_mut_point<'a, Mut>(&'a mut self, lod: u8, p: PointN<N>) -> Mut
    where
        <Bldr::Chunk as Chunk>::Array: GetMut<'a, PointN<N>, Item = Mut>,
    {
        let chunk_min = self.indexer.min_of_chunk_containing_point(p);
        let chunk = self.get_mut_chunk_or_insert_ambient(ChunkKey::new(lod, chunk_min));

        chunk.array_mut().get_mut(p)
    }

    /// Call `visitor` on all chunks that overlap `extent`. Vacant chunks will be created first with ambient value.
    #[inline]
    pub fn visit_mut_chunks(
        &mut self,
        lod: u8,
        extent: &ExtentN<N>,
        mut visitor: impl FnMut(&mut Bldr::Chunk),
    ) {
        for chunk_min in self.indexer.chunk_mins_for_extent(extent) {
            visitor(self.get_mut_chunk_or_insert_ambient(ChunkKey::new(lod, chunk_min)));
        }
    }

    /// Call `visitor` on all occupied chunks that overlap `extent`.
    #[inline]
    pub fn visit_occupied_mut_chunks(
        &mut self,
        lod: u8,
        extent: &ExtentN<N>,
        mut visitor: impl FnMut(&mut Bldr::Chunk),
    ) {
        for chunk_min in self.indexer.chunk_mins_for_extent(extent) {
            if let Some(chunk) = self.get_mut_chunk(ChunkKey::new(lod, chunk_min)) {
                visitor(chunk)
            }
        }
    }

    #[inline]
    pub fn delete_chunk(&mut self, key: ChunkKey<N>) {
        debug_assert!(self.indexer.chunk_min_is_valid(key.minimum));
        self.storage.delete(key);
    }

    #[inline]
    pub fn pop_chunk(&mut self, key: ChunkKey<N>) -> Option<Bldr::Chunk> {
        debug_assert!(self.indexer.chunk_min_is_valid(key.minimum));

        self.storage.pop(key)
    }
}

impl<N, T, Bldr, Store> ChunkMap<N, T, Bldr, Store>
where
    for<'r> ChunkMapLodView<&'r mut Self>: FillExtent<N, Item = T>,
{
    /// Fill all of `extent` with the same `value`.
    #[inline]
    pub fn fill_extent(&mut self, lod: u8, extent: &ExtentN<N>, value: T) {
        self.lod_view_mut(lod).fill_extent(extent, value)
    }
}

impl<'a, N, T, Bldr, Store> ChunkMap<N, T, Bldr, Store>
where
    PointN<N>: IntegerPoint<N>,
    Store: IterChunkKeys<'a, N>,
{
    /// The smallest extent that bounds all chunks in level of detail `lod`.
    pub fn bounding_extent(&'a self, lod: u8) -> ExtentN<N> {
        bounding_extent(
            self.storage
                .chunk_keys()
                .filter(|key| key.lod == lod)
                .flat_map(|key| {
                    let chunk_extent = self.indexer.extent_for_chunk_with_min(key.minimum);

                    vec![chunk_extent.minimum, chunk_extent.max()].into_iter()
                }),
        )
    }
}

/// An extent that takes the same value everywhere.
#[derive(Copy, Clone)]
pub struct AmbientExtent<N, T> {
    pub value: T,
    _n: std::marker::PhantomData<N>,
}

impl<N, T> AmbientExtent<N, T> {
    pub fn new(value: T) -> Self {
        Self {
            value,
            _n: Default::default(),
        }
    }

    pub fn get(&self) -> T
    where
        T: Clone,
    {
        self.value.clone()
    }
}

impl<N, T> ForEach<N, PointN<N>> for AmbientExtent<N, T>
where
    T: Clone,
    PointN<N>: IntegerPoint<N>,
{
    type Item = T;

    fn for_each(&self, extent: &ExtentN<N>, mut f: impl FnMut(PointN<N>, Self::Item)) {
        for p in extent.iter_points() {
            f(p, self.value.clone());
        }
    }
}

// ████████╗███████╗███████╗████████╗
// ╚══██╔══╝██╔════╝██╔════╝╚══██╔══╝
//    ██║   █████╗  ███████╗   ██║
//    ██║   ██╔══╝  ╚════██║   ██║
//    ██║   ███████╗███████║   ██║
//    ╚═╝   ╚══════╝╚══════╝   ╚═╝

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;

    use crate::{access_traits::*, Array3x1};

    use building_blocks_core::prelude::*;

    const CHUNK_SHAPE: Point3i = PointN([16; 3]);
    const BUILDER: ChunkMapBuilder3x1<i32> = ChunkMapBuilder3x1::new(CHUNK_SHAPE, 0);

    #[test]
    fn write_and_read_points() {
        let mut map = BUILDER.build_with_hash_map_storage();

        let mut lod0 = map.lod_view_mut(0);

        let points = [
            [0, 0, 0],
            [1, 2, 3],
            [16, 0, 0],
            [0, 16, 0],
            [0, 0, 16],
            [15, 0, 0],
            [-15, 0, 0],
        ];

        for p in points.iter().cloned() {
            assert_eq!(lod0.get_mut(PointN(p)), &mut 0);
            *lod0.get_mut(PointN(p)) = 1;
            assert_eq!(lod0.get_mut(PointN(p)), &mut 1);
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn write_extent_with_for_each_then_read() {
        let mut map = BUILDER.build_with_hash_map_storage();

        let mut lod0 = map.lod_view_mut(0);

        let write_extent = Extent3i::from_min_and_shape(Point3i::fill(10), Point3i::fill(80));
        lod0.for_each_mut(&write_extent, |_p, value| *value = 1);

        let read_extent = Extent3i::from_min_and_shape(Point3i::ZERO, Point3i::fill(100));
        for p in read_extent.iter_points() {
            if write_extent.contains(p) {
                assert_eq!(lod0.get(p), 1);
            } else {
                assert_eq!(lod0.get(p), 0);
            }
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn copy_extent_from_array_then_read() {
        let extent_to_copy = Extent3i::from_min_and_shape(Point3i::fill(10), Point3i::fill(80));
        let array = Array3x1::fill(extent_to_copy, 1);

        let mut map = BUILDER.build_with_hash_map_storage();

        let mut lod0 = map.lod_view_mut(0);

        copy_extent(&extent_to_copy, &array, &mut lod0);

        let read_extent = Extent3i::from_min_and_shape(Point3i::ZERO, Point3i::fill(100));
        for p in read_extent.iter_points() {
            if extent_to_copy.contains(p) {
                assert_eq!(lod0.get(p), 1);
            } else {
                assert_eq!(lod0.get(p), 0);
            }
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn multichannel_accessors() {
        let builder = ChunkMapBuilder3x2::new(CHUNK_SHAPE, (0, 'a'));
        let mut map = builder.build_with_hash_map_storage();

        let mut lod0 = map.lod_view_mut(0);

        assert_eq!(lod0.get(Point3i::fill(1)), (0, 'a'));
        assert_eq!(lod0.get_ref(Point3i::fill(1)), (&0, &'a'));
        assert_eq!(lod0.get_mut(Point3i::fill(1)), (&mut 0, &mut 'a'));

        let extent = Extent3i::from_min_and_shape(Point3i::fill(10), Point3i::fill(80));

        lod0.for_each_mut(&extent, |_p, (num, letter)| {
            *num = 1;
            *letter = 'b';
        });

        lod0.for_each(&extent, |_p, (num, letter)| {
            assert_eq!(num, 1);
            assert_eq!(letter, 'b');
        });

        map.fill_extent(0, &extent, (1, 'b'));
    }

    #[cfg(feature = "lz4")]
    #[test]
    fn multichannel_compressed_accessors() {
        use crate::{FastCompressibleChunkStorageNx2, LocalChunkCache, Lz4};

        let builder = ChunkMapBuilder3x2::new(CHUNK_SHAPE, (0, 'a'));
        let mut map = builder.build_with_write_storage(
            FastCompressibleChunkStorageNx2::with_bytes_compression(Lz4 { level: 10 }),
        );

        let mut lod0 = map.lod_view_mut(0);

        assert_eq!(lod0.get_mut(Point3i::fill(1)), (&mut 0, &mut 'a'));

        let extent = Extent3i::from_min_and_shape(Point3i::fill(10), Point3i::fill(80));

        lod0.for_each_mut(&extent, |_p, (num, letter)| {
            *num = 1;
            *letter = 'b';
        });

        let local_cache = LocalChunkCache::new();
        let reader = map.reader(&local_cache);
        let lod0 = reader.lod_view(0);
        assert_eq!(lod0.get(Point3i::fill(1)), (0, 'a'));
        assert_eq!(lod0.get_ref(Point3i::fill(1)), (&0, &'a'));

        lod0.for_each(&extent, |_p, (num, letter)| {
            assert_eq!(num, 1);
            assert_eq!(letter, 'b');
        });
    }
}