actionable-macros 0.1.0-dev.4

//! Macros for the `actionable` API framework.

#![forbid(unsafe_code)]
#![warn(
    clippy::cargo,
    missing_docs,
    clippy::nursery,
    clippy::pedantic,
    future_incompatible,
    rust_2018_idioms
)]
#![cfg_attr(doc, deny(rustdoc::all))]

use proc_macro::TokenStream;
use proc_macro_error::{abort, emit_error, proc_macro_error};
use syn::{parse::Parse, parse_macro_input, DeriveInput};

mod action;
mod actionable;
mod dispatcher;

/// Derives the `actionable::Action` trait.
///
/// This trait can be customizd using the `action` attribute in these ways:
///
/// * Crate name override: `#[action(actionable = "someothername")]`. If you
///   find yourself needing to import `actionable` as another name, this setting
///   will replace all mentions of `actionable` with the identifier specified.
#[proc_macro_error]
#[proc_macro_derive(Action, attributes(action))]
pub fn action_derive(input: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
    let input = parse_macro_input!(input as DeriveInput);
    match action::derive(&input) {
        Ok(tokens) => tokens.into(),
        Err(err) => {
            emit_error!(input.ident, err.to_string());
            TokenStream::default()
        }
    }
}

/// Derives a set of traits that can be used to implement a permissions-driven
/// API. There are options that can be customized with the `#[actionable]`
/// attribute at the enum level:
///
/// * Crate name override: `#[actionable(actionable = "someothername")]`. If you
///   find yourself needing to import `actionable` as another name, this setting
///   will replace all mentions of `actionable` with the identifier specified.
///
/// ## The Dispatcher Trait
///
/// The first trait that is generated is named `<EnumName>Dispatcher`. For
/// example, if the enum's name is `Request`, the generated trait name will be
/// `RequestDispatcher`. This trait has no methods for you to implement. It
/// defines several associated types:
///
/// * `Output`: The `Ok` side of the `Result`.
/// * `Error`: The `Err` side of the `Result`. Must implement
///   `From<actionable::PermissionDenied>`.
/// * For each variant in the enum, another Trait named `<VariantName>Handler`.
///   For example, if the enum variant was `Request::AddUser`, the trait will be
///   `AddUserHandler`. Each of these traits must be implemented by any type
///   implementing `<EnumName>Dispatcher`.
///
/// The dispatcher trait has a method available for you to use to dispatch
/// requests: `async fn dispatch(&self, permissions: &Permissions, request:
/// <EnumName>) -> Result<Self::Output, Self::Error>`.
///
/// ## The Handler Traits
///
/// For each variant in the enum, a trait will be generated named
/// `<VariantName>Handler`. Using the same example above, the enum variant
/// `Request::AddUser` would generate the trait `AddUserHandler`. These traits
/// are implemented using the
/// [`async-trait`](https://crates.io/crate/async-trait) trait.
///
/// Each variant must have a protection method assigned using the
/// `#[actionable]` attribute. There are three protection methods:
///
/// ### No Protection: `#[actionable(protection = "none")]`
///
/// A handler with no protection has one method:
///
/// ```rust
/// # type Output = ();
/// # type Error = ();
/// # use actionable::{Permissions, async_trait};
/// #[async_trait]
/// trait Handler {
///     type Dispatcher;
///     async fn handle(
///         dispatcher: &Self::Dispatcher,
///         permissions: &Permissions,
///         /* each field on this variant is passed
///         as a parameter to this method */
///     ) -> Result<Output, Error>;
/// }
/// ```
///
/// Actionable does not do any checks before invoking this handler.
///
/// ### Simple Protection: `#[actionable(protection = "simple")]`
///
/// A handler with simple protection exposes methods and types to allow
/// specifying an `actionable::ResourceName` and an `Action` for this handler:
///
/// ```rust
/// # type Output = ();
/// # type Error = ();
/// # use actionable::{Permissions, ResourceName, async_trait};
/// #[async_trait]
/// trait Handler {
///     type Dispatcher;
///     type Action;
///
///     fn resource_name<'a>(
///         dispatcher: &Self::Dispatcher,
///         /* each field on this variant is passed
///         by reference as a parameter to this method */
///     ) -> ResourceName<'a>;
///
///     fn action() -> Self::Action;
///
///     async fn handle_protected(
///         dispatcher: &Self::Dispatcher,
///         permissions: &Permissions,
///         /* each field on this variant is passed
///         as a parameter to this method */
///     ) -> Result<Output, Error>;
/// }
/// ```
///
/// When the handler is invoked, it first checks `permissions` to ensure that
/// `action()` is allowed to be performed on `resource_name()`. If it is not
/// allowed, an `actionable::PermissionDenied` error will be returned. If it is
/// allowed, `handle_protected()` will be executed.
///
/// ### Custom Protection: `#[actionable(protection = "custom")]`
///
/// A handler with custom protection has two methods, one to verify permissions
/// and one to execute the protected code:
///
/// ```rust
/// # type Output = ();
/// # type Error = ();
/// # use actionable::{Permissions, async_trait};
/// #[async_trait]
/// trait Handler {
///     type Dispatcher;
///     async fn verify_permissions(
///         dispatcher: &Self::Dispatcher,
///         permissions: &Permissions,
///         /* each field on this variant is passed
///         by refrence as a parameter to this method */
///     ) -> Result<(), Error>;
///
///     async fn handle_protected(
///         dispatcher: &Self::Dispatcher,
///         permissions: &Permissions,
///         /* each field on this variant is passed as a parameter
///         to this method */
///     ) -> Result<Output, Error>;
/// }
/// ```
///
/// Actionable will first call `verify_permissions()`. If you return `Ok(())`,
/// your `handle_protected()` method is invoked.
///
/// ## Why should you use the built-in protection modes?
///
/// Actionable attempts to make permission handling easy to understand and
/// implement while making it difficult to forget implementing permission
/// handling. This is only effective if you use the protection levels.
///
/// Because Actionable includes `permissions` in every call to
/// `handle[_protected]()`, technically you could use a protection level of
/// `none` and implement permission handling within the `handle()` function.
/// While it would work, you shouldn't do this.
///
/// Actionable encourages placing information about permission handling in the
/// definition of the enum. By using `simple` and `custom` protection
/// strategies, consumers of your API will be able to see at the enum level what
/// APIs check permissions. When trying to understand what permissions are being
/// used, this is critical.
///
/// By placing your permission handling code in locations that follow a
/// repeatable patern, you're helping anyone who is reading the code separate
/// what logic is related to permission handling and what logic is related to
/// the API implementation.
///
/// ## What protection mode should you use?
///
/// * If your handler is operating on a single resource and performing a single
///   action, use the `simple` protection mode.
/// * If your handler needs to check permissions but it's more complicated than
///   the first scenario, use the `custom` protection mode.
/// * If you aren't enforcing permissions inside of this handler, use the `none`
///   protection mode.
#[proc_macro_error]
#[proc_macro_derive(Actionable, attributes(actionable))]
pub fn actionable_derive(input: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
    let input = parse_macro_input!(input as DeriveInput);
    match actionable::derive(&input) {
        Ok(tokens) => tokens.into(),
        Err(err) => {
            emit_error!(input.ident, err.to_string());
            TokenStream::default()
        }
    }
}

/// Derives the `Dispatcher` trait.
///
/// This trait requires the `input` parameter to be specified. The full list of
/// parameters that can be customized are:
///
/// * `input` Type: `#[dispatcher(input = "EnumName")]`. The enum name here
///   needs to have had [`Actionable`](actionable_derive) derived on it.
/// * Crate name override: `#[actionable(actionable = "someothername")]`. If you
///   find yourself needing to import `actionable` as another name, this setting
///   will replace all mentions of `actionable` with the identifier specified.
///
/// The `input` type must be in scope, as do the derived traits generated by
/// deriving `Actionable`.
#[proc_macro_error]
#[proc_macro_derive(Dispatcher, attributes(dispatcher))]
pub fn dispatcher_derive(input: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
    let input = parse_macro_input!(input as DeriveInput);
    match dispatcher::derive(&input) {
        Ok(tokens) => tokens.into(),
        Err(err) => {
            emit_error!(input.ident, err.to_string());
            TokenStream::default()
        }
    }
}

fn actionable(actionable: Option<syn::Path>, span: proc_macro2::Span) -> syn::Path {
    actionable.unwrap_or_else(|| {
        let mut segments = syn::punctuated::Punctuated::new();
        segments.push_value(syn::PathSegment {
            ident: syn::Ident::new("actionable", span),
            arguments: syn::PathArguments::None,
        });
        syn::Path {
            leading_colon: None,
            segments,
        }
    })
}

#[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
pub(crate) enum Error {
    #[error("darling error: {0}")]
    Darling(#[from] darling::Error),
    #[error("syn error: {0}")]
    Syn(#[from] syn::Error),
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
struct Actionable(syn::Path);

impl Parse for Actionable {
    fn parse(input: &'_ syn::parse::ParseBuffer<'_>) -> syn::Result<Self> {
        let actionable: syn::Ident = input.parse()?;
        if actionable != "actionable" {
            abort!(
                actionable,
                "the only parameter action() accepts is `actionable`"
            )
        }
        let _: syn::Token![=] = input.parse()?;
        let path: syn::Path = input.parse()?;
        Ok(Self(path))
    }
}

#[derive(Debug)]
struct ActionableArgs(Option<Actionable>);

impl Parse for ActionableArgs {
    fn parse(input: &'_ syn::parse::ParseBuffer<'_>) -> syn::Result<Self> {
        let content;
        let _ = syn::parenthesized!(content in input);
        let mut content: syn::punctuated::Punctuated<Actionable, syn::Token![,]> =
            content.parse_terminated(Actionable::parse)?;
        if let Some(actionable) = content.pop() {
            if !content.is_empty() {
                abort!(
                    content.first().unwrap().0.segments.first().unwrap().ident,
                    "Only one parameter, `actionable` is allowed"
                );
            }
            Ok(Self(Some(actionable.into_value())))
        } else {
            Ok(Self(None))
        }
    }
}