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//! Defines abstract representations of the shell source. use std::{fmt, ops}; use std::rc::Rc; use std::sync::Arc; pub mod builder; /// Type alias for the default `Parameter` representation. pub type DefaultParameter = Parameter<String>; /// Represents reading a parameter (or variable) value, e.g. `$foo`. /// /// Generic over the representation of variable names. #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone)] pub enum Parameter<T> { /// $@ At, /// $* Star, /// $# Pound, /// $? Question, /// $- Dash, /// $$ Dollar, /// $! Bang, /// $0, $1, ..., $9, ${100} Positional(u32), /// $foo Var(T), } /// Type alias for the default `ParameterSubstitution` representation. pub type DefaultParameterSubstitution = ParameterSubstitution< DefaultParameter, TopLevelWord<String>, TopLevelCommand<String>, DefaultArithmetic >; /// A parameter substitution, e.g. `${param-word}`. /// /// Generic over the representations of parameters, shell words and /// commands, and arithmetic expansions. #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone)] pub enum ParameterSubstitution<P, W, C, A> { /// Returns the standard output of running a command, e.g. `$(cmd)` Command(Vec<C>), /// Returns the length of the value of a parameter, e.g. `${#param}` Len(P), /// Returns the resulting value of an arithmetic subsitution, e.g. `$(( x++ ))` Arith(Option<A>), /// Use a provided value if the parameter is null or unset, e.g. /// `${param:-[word]}`. /// The boolean indicates the presence of a `:`, and that if the parameter has /// a null value, that situation should be treated as if the parameter is unset. Default(bool, P, Option<W>), /// Assign a provided value to the parameter if it is null or unset, /// e.g. `${param:=[word]}`. /// The boolean indicates the presence of a `:`, and that if the parameter has /// a null value, that situation should be treated as if the parameter is unset. Assign(bool, P, Option<W>), /// If the parameter is null or unset, an error should result with the provided /// message, e.g. `${param:?[word]}`. /// The boolean indicates the presence of a `:`, and that if the parameter has /// a null value, that situation should be treated as if the parameter is unset. Error(bool, P, Option<W>), /// If the parameter is NOT null or unset, a provided word will be used, /// e.g. `${param:+[word]}`. /// The boolean indicates the presence of a `:`, and that if the parameter has /// a null value, that situation should be treated as if the parameter is unset. Alternative(bool, P, Option<W>), /// Remove smallest suffix pattern from a parameter's value, e.g. `${param%pattern}` RemoveSmallestSuffix(P, Option<W>), /// Remove largest suffix pattern from a parameter's value, e.g. `${param%%pattern}` RemoveLargestSuffix(P, Option<W>), /// Remove smallest prefix pattern from a parameter's value, e.g. `${param#pattern}` RemoveSmallestPrefix(P, Option<W>), /// Remove largest prefix pattern from a parameter's value, e.g. `${param##pattern}` RemoveLargestPrefix(P, Option<W>), } /// A type alias for the default hiearchy for representing shell words. pub type ShellWord<T, W, C> = ComplexWord<Word<T, SimpleWord<T, Parameter<T>, Box<ParameterSubstitution<Parameter<T>, W, C, Arithmetic<T>> >>>>; /// Type alias for the default `ComplexWord` representation. pub type DefaultComplexWord = ComplexWord<DefaultWord>; /// Represents whitespace delimited text. /// /// Generic over the representation of a whitespace delimited word. #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone)] pub enum ComplexWord<W> { /// Several distinct words concatenated together. Concat(Vec<W>), /// A regular word. Single(W), } /// Type alias for the default `Word` representation. pub type DefaultWord = Word<String, DefaultSimpleWord>; /// Represents whitespace delimited single, double, or non quoted text. /// /// Generic over the representation of single-quoted literals, and non-quoted words. #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone)] pub enum Word<L, W> { /// A regular word. Simple(W), /// List of words concatenated within double quotes. DoubleQuoted(Vec<W>), /// List of words concatenated within single quotes. Virtually /// identical as a literal, but makes a distinction between the two. SingleQuoted(L), } /// Type alias for the default `SimpleWord` representation. pub type DefaultSimpleWord = SimpleWord< String, DefaultParameter, Box<DefaultParameterSubstitution> >; /// Represents the smallest fragment of any text. /// /// Generic over the representation of a literals, parameters, and substitutions. #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone)] pub enum SimpleWord<L, P, S> { /// A non-special literal word. Literal(L), /// A token which normally has a special meaning is treated as a literal /// because it was escaped, typically with a backslash, e.g. `\"`. Escaped(L), /// Access of a value inside a parameter, e.g. `$foo` or `$$`. Param(P), /// A parameter substitution, e.g. `${param-word}`. Subst(S), /// Represents `*`, useful for handling pattern expansions. Star, /// Represents `?`, useful for handling pattern expansions. Question, /// Represents `[`, useful for handling pattern expansions. SquareOpen, /// Represents `]`, useful for handling pattern expansions. SquareClose, /// Represents `~`, useful for handling tilde expansions. Tilde, /// Represents `:`, useful for handling tilde expansions. Colon, } /// Type alias for the default `Redirect` representation. pub type DefaultRedirect = Redirect<TopLevelWord<String>>; /// Represents redirecting a command's file descriptors. /// /// Generic over the representation of a shell word. #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone)] pub enum Redirect<W> { /// Open a file for reading, e.g. `[n]< file`. Read(Option<u16>, W), /// Open a file for writing after truncating, e.g. `[n]> file`. Write(Option<u16>, W), /// Open a file for reading and writing, e.g. `[n]<> file`. ReadWrite(Option<u16>, W), /// Open a file for writing, appending to the end, e.g. `[n]>> file`. Append(Option<u16>, W), /// Open a file for writing, failing if the `noclobber` shell option is set, e.g. `[n]>| file`. Clobber(Option<u16>, W), /// Lines contained in the source that should be provided by as input to a file descriptor. Heredoc(Option<u16>, W), /// Duplicate a file descriptor for reading, e.g. `[n]<& [n|-]`. DupRead(Option<u16>, W), /// Duplicate a file descriptor for writing, e.g. `[n]>& [n|-]`. DupWrite(Option<u16>, W), } /// A grouping of guard and body commands. #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone)] pub struct GuardBodyPair<C> { /// The guard commands, which if successful, should lead to the /// execution of the body commands. pub guard: Vec<C>, /// The body commands to execute if the guard is successful. pub body: Vec<C>, } /// A grouping of patterns and body commands. #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone)] pub struct PatternBodyPair<W, C> { /// Pattern alternatives to match against. pub patterns: Vec<W>, /// The body commands to execute if the pattern matches. pub body: Vec<C>, } /// Type alias for the default `Command` representation. pub type DefaultCommand = Command<DefaultAndOrList>; /// Represents any valid shell command. #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone)] pub enum Command<T> { /// A command that runs asynchronously, that is, the shell will not wait /// for it to exit before running the next command, e.g. `foo &`. Job(T), /// A list of and/or commands, e.g. `foo && bar || baz`. List(T), } /// A type alias over an and/or list of conventional shell commands. /// /// Generic over the representation of literals, shell words, commands, and redirects. /// Uses `Rc` wrappers around function declarations. pub type CommandList<T, W, C> = AndOrList<ListableCommand<ShellPipeableCommand<T, W, C>>>; /// A type alias over an and/or list of conventional shell commands. /// /// Generic over the representation of literals, shell words, commands, and redirects. /// Uses `Arc` wrappers around function declarations. pub type AtomicCommandList<T, W, C> = AndOrList<ListableCommand<AtomicShellPipeableCommand<T, W, C>>>; /// A type alias for the default hiearchy to represent pipeable commands, /// using `Rc` wrappers around function declarations. pub type ShellPipeableCommand<T, W, C> = PipeableCommand< T, Box<SimpleCommand<T, W, Redirect<W>>>, Box<ShellCompoundCommand<T, W, C>>, Rc<ShellCompoundCommand<T, W, C>> >; /// A type alias for the default hiearchy to represent pipeable commands, /// using `Arc` wrappers around function declarations. pub type AtomicShellPipeableCommand<T, W, C> = PipeableCommand< T, Box<SimpleCommand<T, W, Redirect<W>>>, Box<ShellCompoundCommand<T, W, C>>, Arc<ShellCompoundCommand<T, W, C>> >; /// A command which conditionally runs based on the exit status of the previous command. #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone)] pub enum AndOr<T> { /// A compound command which should run only if the previously run command succeeded. And(T), /// A compound command which should run only if the previously run command failed. Or(T), } /// Type alias for the default `AndOrList` representation. pub type DefaultAndOrList = AndOrList<DefaultListableCommand>; /// A nonempty list of `AndOr` commands, e.g. `foo && bar || baz`. #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone)] pub struct AndOrList<T> { /// The first command that always runs. pub first: T, /// The remainder of the conditional commands which may or may not run. pub rest: Vec<AndOr<T>>, } /// Type alias for the default `ListableCommand` representation. pub type DefaultListableCommand = ListableCommand<DefaultPipeableCommand>; /// Commands that can be used within an and/or list. #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone)] pub enum ListableCommand<T> { /// A chain of concurrent commands where the standard output of the /// previous becomes the standard input of the next, e.g. /// `[!] foo | bar | baz`. /// /// The bool indicates if a logical negation of the last command's status /// should be returned. Pipe(bool, Vec<T>), /// A single command not part of a pipeline. Single(T), } /// Type alias for the default `PipeableCommand` representation. pub type DefaultPipeableCommand = ShellPipeableCommand< String, TopLevelWord<String>, TopLevelCommand<String> >; /// Commands that can be used within a pipeline. /// /// Generic over the representations of function names, simple commands, /// compound commands, and function bodies. #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone)] pub enum PipeableCommand<N, S, C, F> { /// The simplest possible command: an executable with arguments, /// environment variable assignments, and redirections. Simple(S), /// A class of commands where redirection is applied to a command group. Compound(C), /// A function definition, associating a name with a group of commands, /// e.g. `function foo() { echo foo function; }`. FunctionDef(N, F), } /// A type alias for the default hiearchy for representing compound shell commands. pub type ShellCompoundCommand<T, W, C> = CompoundCommand<CompoundCommandKind<T, W, C>, Redirect<W>>; /// Type alias for the default `CompoundCommandKind` representation. pub type DefaultCompoundCommand = ShellCompoundCommand< String, TopLevelWord<String>, TopLevelCommand<String> >; /// A class of commands where redirection is applied to a command group. /// /// Generic over the representation of a type of compound command, and the /// representation of a redirect. #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone)] pub struct CompoundCommand<T, R> { /// The specific kind of compound command. pub kind: T, /// Any redirections to be applied to the entire compound command pub io: Vec<R>, } /// Type alias for the default `CompoundCommandKind` representation. pub type DefaultCompoundCommandKind = CompoundCommandKind< String, TopLevelWord<String>, TopLevelCommand<String> >; /// A specific kind of a `CompoundCommand`. /// /// Generic over the representation of shell words and commands. #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone)] pub enum CompoundCommandKind<V, W, C> { /// A group of commands that should be executed in the current environment. Brace(Vec<C>), /// A group of commands that should be executed in a subshell environment. Subshell(Vec<C>), /// A command that executes its body as long as its guard exits successfully. While(GuardBodyPair<C>), /// A command that executes its body as until as its guard exits unsuccessfully. Until(GuardBodyPair<C>), /// A conditional command that runs the respective command branch when a /// certain of the first condition that exits successfully. If { /// A list of conditional branch-body pairs. conditionals: Vec<GuardBodyPair<C>>, /// An else part to run if no other conditional was taken. else_branch: Option<Vec<C>>, }, /// A command that binds a variable to a number of provided words and runs /// its body once for each binding. For { /// The variable to bind to each of the specified words. var: V, /// The words to bind to the specified variable one by one. words: Option<Vec<W>>, /// The body to run with the variable binding. body: Vec<C>, }, /// A command that behaves much like a `match` statment in Rust, running /// a branch of commands if a specified word matches another literal or /// glob pattern. Case { /// The word on which to check for pattern matches. word: W, /// The arms to match against. arms: Vec<PatternBodyPair<W, C>>, }, } /// Represents a parsed redirect or a defined environment variable at the start /// of a command. /// /// Because the order in which redirects are defined may be significant for /// execution, the parser will preserve the order in which they were parsed. /// Thus we need a wrapper like this to disambiguate what was encountered in /// the source program. #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone)] pub enum RedirectOrEnvVar<R, V, W> { /// A parsed redirect before a command was encountered. Redirect(R), /// A parsed environment variable, e.g. `foo=[bar]`. EnvVar(V, Option<W>), } /// Represents a parsed redirect or a defined command or command argument. /// /// Because the order in which redirects are defined may be significant for /// execution, the parser will preserve the order in which they were parsed. /// Thus we need a wrapper like this to disambiguate what was encountered in /// the source program. #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone)] pub enum RedirectOrCmdWord<R, W> { /// A parsed redirect after a command was encountered. Redirect(R), /// A parsed command name or argument. CmdWord(W), } /// Type alias for the default `SimpleCommand` representation. pub type DefaultSimpleCommand = SimpleCommand< String, TopLevelWord<String>, Redirect<TopLevelWord<String>> >; /// The simplest possible command: an executable with arguments, /// environment variable assignments, and redirections. /// /// Generic over representations of variable names, shell words, and redirects. #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone)] pub struct SimpleCommand<V, W, R> { /// Redirections or environment variables that occur before any command /// in the order they were parsed. pub redirects_or_env_vars: Vec<RedirectOrEnvVar<R, V, W>>, /// Redirections or command name/argumetns in the order they were parsed. pub redirects_or_cmd_words: Vec<RedirectOrCmdWord<R, W>>, } /// Type alias for the default `Arithmetic` representation. pub type DefaultArithmetic = Arithmetic<String>; /// Represents an expression within an arithmetic subsitution. /// /// Generic over the representation of a variable name. #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone)] pub enum Arithmetic<T> { /// The value of a variable, e.g. `$var` or `var`. Var(T), /// A numeric literal such as `42` or `0xdeadbeef`. Literal(isize), /// `left ** right`. Pow(Box<Arithmetic<T>>, Box<Arithmetic<T>>), /// Returns the current value of a variable, /// and then increments its value immediately after, e.g. `var++` PostIncr(T), /// Returns the current value of a variable, /// and then decrements its value immediately after, e.g. `var--` PostDecr(T), /// Increments the value of a variable and returns the new value, e.g. `++var`. PreIncr(T), /// Decrements the value of a variable and returns the new value, e.g. `--var`. PreDecr(T), /// Ensures the sign of the underlying result is positive, e.g. `+(1-2)`. UnaryPlus(Box<Arithmetic<T>>), /// Ensures the sign of the underlying result is negative, e.g. `-(1+2)`. UnaryMinus(Box<Arithmetic<T>>), /// Returns one if the underlying result is zero, or zero otherwise, e.g. `!expr`. LogicalNot(Box<Arithmetic<T>>), /// Flips all bits from the underlying result, e.g. `~expr`. BitwiseNot(Box<Arithmetic<T>>), /// `left * right` Mult(Box<Arithmetic<T>>, Box<Arithmetic<T>>), /// `left / right` Div(Box<Arithmetic<T>>, Box<Arithmetic<T>>), /// `left % right` Modulo(Box<Arithmetic<T>>, Box<Arithmetic<T>>), /// `left + right` Add(Box<Arithmetic<T>>, Box<Arithmetic<T>>), /// `left - right` Sub(Box<Arithmetic<T>>, Box<Arithmetic<T>>), /// `left << right` ShiftLeft(Box<Arithmetic<T>>, Box<Arithmetic<T>>), /// `left >> right` ShiftRight(Box<Arithmetic<T>>, Box<Arithmetic<T>>), /// `left < right` Less(Box<Arithmetic<T>>, Box<Arithmetic<T>>), /// `left <= right` LessEq(Box<Arithmetic<T>>, Box<Arithmetic<T>>), /// `left > right` Great(Box<Arithmetic<T>>, Box<Arithmetic<T>>), /// `left >= right` GreatEq(Box<Arithmetic<T>>, Box<Arithmetic<T>>), /// `left == right` Eq(Box<Arithmetic<T>>, Box<Arithmetic<T>>), /// `left != right` NotEq(Box<Arithmetic<T>>, Box<Arithmetic<T>>), /// `left & right` BitwiseAnd(Box<Arithmetic<T>>, Box<Arithmetic<T>>), /// `left ^ right` BitwiseXor(Box<Arithmetic<T>>, Box<Arithmetic<T>>), /// `left | right` BitwiseOr(Box<Arithmetic<T>>, Box<Arithmetic<T>>), /// `left && right` LogicalAnd(Box<Arithmetic<T>>, Box<Arithmetic<T>>), /// `left || right` LogicalOr(Box<Arithmetic<T>>, Box<Arithmetic<T>>), /// `first ? second : third` Ternary(Box<Arithmetic<T>>, Box<Arithmetic<T>>, Box<Arithmetic<T>>), /// Assigns the value of an underlying expression to a /// variable and returns the value, e.g. `x = 5`, or `x += 2`. Assign(T, Box<Arithmetic<T>>), /// `expr[, expr[, ...]]` Sequence(Vec<Arithmetic<T>>), } macro_rules! impl_top_level_cmd { ($(#[$attr:meta])* pub struct $Cmd:ident, $CmdList:ident, $Word:ident) => { $(#[$attr])* #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone)] pub struct $Cmd<T>(pub Command<$CmdList<T, $Word<T>, $Cmd<T>>>); impl<T> ops::Deref for $Cmd<T> { type Target = Command<$CmdList<T, $Word<T>, $Cmd<T>>>; fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target { &self.0 } } impl<T> ops::DerefMut for $Cmd<T> { fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target { &mut self.0 } } impl<T> PartialEq<Command<$CmdList<T, $Word<T>, $Cmd<T>>>> for $Cmd<T> where T: PartialEq<T> { fn eq(&self, other: &Command<$CmdList<T, $Word<T>, $Cmd<T>>>) -> bool { &self.0 == other } } impl<T> From<Command<$CmdList<T, $Word<T>, $Cmd<T>>>> for $Cmd<T> { fn from(inner: Command<$CmdList<T, $Word<T>, $Cmd<T>>>) -> Self { $Cmd(inner) } } }; } impl_top_level_cmd! { /// A top-level representation of a shell command. Uses `Rc` wrappers for function declarations. /// /// This wrapper unifies the provided top-level word representation, /// `ComplexWord`, and the top-level command representation, `Command`, /// while allowing them to be generic on their own. pub struct TopLevelCommand, CommandList, TopLevelWord } impl_top_level_cmd! { /// A top-level representation of a shell command. Uses `Arc` wrappers for function declarations. /// /// This wrapper unifies the provided top-level word representation, /// `ComplexWord`, and the top-level command representation, `Command`, /// while allowing them to be generic on their own. pub struct AtomicTopLevelCommand, AtomicCommandList, AtomicTopLevelWord } macro_rules! impl_top_level_word { ($(#[$attr:meta])* pub struct $Word:ident, $Cmd:ident) => { $(#[$attr])* #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone)] pub struct $Word<T>(pub ShellWord<T, $Word<T>, $Cmd<T>>); impl<T> ops::Deref for $Word<T> { type Target = ShellWord<T, $Word<T>, $Cmd<T>>; fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target { &self.0 } } impl<T> ops::DerefMut for $Word<T> { fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target { &mut self.0 } } impl<T> PartialEq<ShellWord<T, $Word<T>, $Cmd<T>>> for $Word<T> where T: PartialEq<T> { fn eq(&self, other: &ShellWord<T, $Word<T>, $Cmd<T>>) -> bool { &self.0 == other } } impl<T> From<ShellWord<T, $Word<T>, $Cmd<T>>> for $Word<T> { fn from(inner: ShellWord<T, $Word<T>, $Cmd<T>>) -> Self { $Word(inner) } } }; } impl_top_level_word! { /// A top-level representation of a shell word. Uses `Rc` wrappers for function declarations. /// /// This wrapper unifies the provided top-level word representation, /// `ComplexWord`, and the top-level command representation, `Command`, /// while allowing them to be generic on their own. pub struct TopLevelWord, TopLevelCommand } impl_top_level_word! { /// A top-level representation of a shell word. Uses `Arc` wrappers for function declarations. /// /// This wrapper unifies the provided top-level word representation, /// `ComplexWord`, and the top-level command representation, `Command`, /// while allowing them to be generic on their own. pub struct AtomicTopLevelWord, AtomicTopLevelCommand } impl<T: fmt::Display> fmt::Display for Parameter<T> { fn fmt(&self, fmt: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result { use self::Parameter::*; match *self { At => fmt.write_str("$@"), Star => fmt.write_str("$*"), Pound => fmt.write_str("$#"), Question => fmt.write_str("$?"), Dash => fmt.write_str("$-"), Dollar => fmt.write_str("$$"), Bang => fmt.write_str("$!"), Var(ref p) => write!(fmt, "${{{}}}", p), Positional(p) => if p <= 9 { write!(fmt, "${}", p) } else { write!(fmt, "${{{}}}", p) }, } } } #[cfg(test)] mod tests { #[test] fn test_display_parameter() { use lexer::Lexer; use parse::DefaultParser; use super::Parameter::*; use super::ComplexWord::Single; use super::SimpleWord::Param; use super::TopLevelWord; use super::Word::Simple; let params = vec!( At, Star, Pound, Question, Dash, Dollar, Bang, Positional(0), Positional(10), Positional(100), Var(String::from("foo_bar123")), ); for p in params { let src = p.to_string(); let correct = TopLevelWord(Single(Simple(Param(p)))); let parsed = match DefaultParser::new(Lexer::new(src.chars())).word() { Ok(Some(w)) => w, Ok(None) => panic!("The source \"{}\" generated from the command `{:#?}` failed to parse as anything", src, correct), Err(e) => panic!("The source \"{}\" generated from the command `{:#?}` failed to parse: {}", src, correct, e), }; if correct != parsed { panic!("The source \"{}\" generated from the command `{:#?}` was parsed as `{:#?}`", src, correct, parsed); } } } }