Function remove_boot_image 

pub fn remove_boot_image<ObjectID: FsVerityHashValue>(
    repo: &Arc<Repository<ObjectID>>,
    manifest_digest: &OciDigest,
) -> Result<()>

Remove all bootable EROFS image references (idempotent), across every xattr filtering mode that has been cached for this manifest.

The EROFS images themselves are garbage-collected on the next repo.gc().