commonware_cryptography/secp256r1/

scheme.rs

use crate::{Array, Error, Scheme};
use commonware_utils::{hex, union_unique, SizedSerialize};
use p256::{
    ecdsa::{
        signature::{Signer, Verifier},
        SigningKey, VerifyingKey,
    },
    elliptic_curve::scalar::IsHigh,
};
use rand::{CryptoRng, Rng};
use std::{
    borrow::Cow,
    fmt::{Debug, Display},
    hash::{Hash, Hasher},
    ops::Deref,
};

const PRIVATE_KEY_LENGTH: usize = 32;
const PUBLIC_KEY_LENGTH: usize = 33; // Y-Parity || X
const SIGNATURE_LENGTH: usize = 64; // R || S

/// Secp256r1 Signer.
#[derive(Clone)]
pub struct Secp256r1 {
    signer: SigningKey,
    verifier: VerifyingKey,
}

impl Scheme for Secp256r1 {
    type PrivateKey = PrivateKey;
    type PublicKey = PublicKey;
    type Signature = Signature;

    fn new<R: CryptoRng + Rng>(r: &mut R) -> Self {
        let signer = SigningKey::random(r);
        let verifier = signer.verifying_key().to_owned();
        Self { signer, verifier }
    }

    fn from(private_key: PrivateKey) -> Option<Self> {
        let signer = private_key.key;
        let verifier = signer.verifying_key().to_owned();
        Some(Self { signer, verifier })
    }

    fn private_key(&self) -> PrivateKey {
        PrivateKey::from(self.signer.clone())
    }

    fn public_key(&self) -> PublicKey {
        PublicKey::from(self.verifier)
    }

    fn sign(&mut self, namespace: Option<&[u8]>, message: &[u8]) -> Signature {
        let signature: p256::ecdsa::Signature = match namespace {
            Some(namespace) => self.signer.sign(&union_unique(namespace, message)),
            None => self.signer.sign(message),
        };
        let signature = match signature.normalize_s() {
            Some(normalized) => normalized,
            None => signature,
        };
        Signature::from(signature)
    }

    fn verify(
        namespace: Option<&[u8]>,
        message: &[u8],
        public_key: &PublicKey,
        signature: &Signature,
    ) -> bool {
        let payload = match namespace {
            Some(namespace) => Cow::Owned(union_unique(namespace, message)),
            None => Cow::Borrowed(message),
        };
        public_key
            .key
            .verify(&payload, &signature.signature)
            .is_ok()
    }
}

/// Secp256r1 Private Key.
#[derive(Clone, Eq, PartialEq)]
pub struct PrivateKey {
    raw: [u8; PRIVATE_KEY_LENGTH],
    key: SigningKey,
}

impl Array for PrivateKey {}

impl SizedSerialize for PrivateKey {
    const SERIALIZED_LEN: usize = PRIVATE_KEY_LENGTH;
}

impl Hash for PrivateKey {
    fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
        self.raw.hash(state);
    }
}

impl Ord for PrivateKey {
    fn cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> std::cmp::Ordering {
        self.raw.cmp(&other.raw)
    }
}

impl PartialOrd for PrivateKey {
    fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Option<std::cmp::Ordering> {
        Some(self.cmp(other))
    }
}

impl AsRef<[u8]> for PrivateKey {
    fn as_ref(&self) -> &[u8] {
        &self.raw
    }
}

impl Deref for PrivateKey {
    type Target = [u8];
    fn deref(&self) -> &[u8] {
        &self.raw
    }
}

impl From<SigningKey> for PrivateKey {
    fn from(signer: SigningKey) -> Self {
        let raw = signer.to_bytes().into();
        Self { raw, key: signer }
    }
}

impl TryFrom<&[u8]> for PrivateKey {
    type Error = Error;
    fn try_from(value: &[u8]) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
        let raw: [u8; PRIVATE_KEY_LENGTH] = value
            .try_into()
            .map_err(|_| Error::InvalidPrivateKeyLength)?;
        let key = SigningKey::from_slice(&raw).map_err(|_| Error::InvalidPrivateKey)?;
        Ok(Self { raw, key })
    }
}

impl TryFrom<&Vec<u8>> for PrivateKey {
    type Error = Error;
    fn try_from(value: &Vec<u8>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
        Self::try_from(value.as_slice())
    }
}

impl TryFrom<Vec<u8>> for PrivateKey {
    type Error = Error;
    fn try_from(value: Vec<u8>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
        Self::try_from(value.as_slice())
    }
}

impl Debug for PrivateKey {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "{}", hex(&self.raw))
    }
}

impl Display for PrivateKey {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "{}", hex(&self.raw))
    }
}

/// Secp256r1 Public Key.
#[derive(Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Ord, PartialOrd)]
pub struct PublicKey {
    raw: [u8; PUBLIC_KEY_LENGTH],
    key: VerifyingKey,
}

impl Array for PublicKey {}

impl SizedSerialize for PublicKey {
    const SERIALIZED_LEN: usize = PUBLIC_KEY_LENGTH;
}

impl Hash for PublicKey {
    fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
        self.raw.hash(state);
    }
}

impl AsRef<[u8]> for PublicKey {
    fn as_ref(&self) -> &[u8] {
        &self.raw
    }
}

impl Deref for PublicKey {
    type Target = [u8];
    fn deref(&self) -> &[u8] {
        &self.raw
    }
}

impl From<VerifyingKey> for PublicKey {
    fn from(verifier: VerifyingKey) -> Self {
        let encoded = verifier.to_encoded_point(true);
        let raw: [u8; PUBLIC_KEY_LENGTH] = encoded.as_bytes().try_into().unwrap();
        Self { raw, key: verifier }
    }
}

impl TryFrom<&[u8]> for PublicKey {
    type Error = Error;
    fn try_from(value: &[u8]) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
        let raw: [u8; PUBLIC_KEY_LENGTH] = value
            .try_into()
            .map_err(|_| Error::InvalidPublicKeyLength)?;
        let key = VerifyingKey::from_sec1_bytes(&raw).map_err(|_| Error::InvalidPublicKey)?;
        Ok(Self { raw, key })
    }
}

impl TryFrom<&Vec<u8>> for PublicKey {
    type Error = Error;
    fn try_from(value: &Vec<u8>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
        Self::try_from(value.as_slice())
    }
}

impl TryFrom<Vec<u8>> for PublicKey {
    type Error = Error;
    fn try_from(value: Vec<u8>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
        Self::try_from(value.as_slice())
    }
}

impl Debug for PublicKey {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "{}", hex(&self.raw))
    }
}

impl Display for PublicKey {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "{}", hex(&self.raw))
    }
}

/// Secp256r1 Signature.
#[derive(Clone, Eq, PartialEq)]
pub struct Signature {
    raw: [u8; SIGNATURE_LENGTH],
    signature: p256::ecdsa::Signature,
}

impl Array for Signature {}

impl SizedSerialize for Signature {
    const SERIALIZED_LEN: usize = SIGNATURE_LENGTH;
}

impl Hash for Signature {
    fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
        self.raw.hash(state);
    }
}

impl Ord for Signature {
    fn cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> std::cmp::Ordering {
        self.raw.cmp(&other.raw)
    }
}

impl PartialOrd for Signature {
    fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Option<std::cmp::Ordering> {
        Some(self.cmp(other))
    }
}

impl AsRef<[u8]> for Signature {
    fn as_ref(&self) -> &[u8] {
        &self.raw
    }
}

impl Deref for Signature {
    type Target = [u8];
    fn deref(&self) -> &[u8] {
        &self.raw
    }
}

impl From<p256::ecdsa::Signature> for Signature {
    fn from(signature: p256::ecdsa::Signature) -> Self {
        let raw = signature.to_bytes().into();
        Self { raw, signature }
    }
}

impl TryFrom<&[u8]> for Signature {
    type Error = Error;
    fn try_from(value: &[u8]) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
        let raw: [u8; SIGNATURE_LENGTH] = value
            .try_into()
            .map_err(|_| Error::InvalidSignatureLength)?;
        let signature =
            p256::ecdsa::Signature::from_slice(&raw).map_err(|_| Error::InvalidSignature)?;
        if signature.s().is_high().into() {
            // Reject any signatures with a `s` value in the upper half of the curve order.
            return Err(Error::InvalidSignature);
        }
        Ok(Self { raw, signature })
    }
}

impl TryFrom<&Vec<u8>> for Signature {
    type Error = Error;
    fn try_from(value: &Vec<u8>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
        Self::try_from(value.as_slice())
    }
}

impl TryFrom<Vec<u8>> for Signature {
    type Error = Error;
    fn try_from(value: Vec<u8>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
        Self::try_from(value.as_slice())
    }
}

impl Debug for Signature {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "{}", hex(&self.raw))
    }
}

impl Display for Signature {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "{}", hex(&self.raw))
    }
}

/// Test vectors sourced from (FIPS 186-4)
/// https://csrc.nist.gov/projects/cryptographic-algorithm-validation-program/digital-signatures.
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;

    fn parse_vector_keypair(private_key: &str, qx: &str, qy: &str) -> (PrivateKey, PublicKey) {
        let public_key = parse_public_key_as_compressed(qx, qy);
        (
            commonware_utils::from_hex_formatted(private_key)
                .unwrap()
                .try_into()
                .unwrap(),
            public_key,
        )
    }

    fn parse_vector_sig_verification(
        qx: &str,
        qy: &str,
        r: &str,
        s: &str,
        m: &str,
    ) -> (PublicKey, Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>) {
        let public_key = parse_public_key_as_compressed(qx, qy);
        let signature = parse_signature(r, s);
        let message = commonware_utils::from_hex_formatted(m).unwrap();
        (public_key, signature, message)
    }

    fn parse_signature(r: &str, s: &str) -> Vec<u8> {
        let vec_r = commonware_utils::from_hex_formatted(r).unwrap();
        let vec_s = commonware_utils::from_hex_formatted(s).unwrap();
        let f1 = p256::FieldBytes::from_slice(&vec_r);
        let f2 = p256::FieldBytes::from_slice(&vec_s);
        let s = p256::ecdsa::Signature::from_scalars(*f1, *f2).unwrap();
        s.to_vec()
    }

    fn parse_public_key_as_compressed(qx: &str, qy: &str) -> PublicKey {
        parse_public_key_as_compressed_vector(qx, qy)
            .try_into()
            .unwrap()
    }

    fn parse_public_key_as_compressed_vector(qx: &str, qy: &str) -> Vec<u8> {
        let qx = commonware_utils::from_hex_formatted(&padding_odd_length_hex(qx)).unwrap();
        let qy = commonware_utils::from_hex_formatted(&padding_odd_length_hex(qy)).unwrap();
        let mut compressed = Vec::with_capacity(qx.len() + 1);
        if qy.last().unwrap() % 2 == 0 {
            compressed.push(0x02);
        } else {
            compressed.push(0x03);
        }
        compressed.extend_from_slice(&qx);
        compressed
    }

    fn parse_public_key_as_uncompressed_vector(qx: &str, qy: &str) -> Vec<u8> {
        let qx = commonware_utils::from_hex_formatted(qx).unwrap();
        let qy = commonware_utils::from_hex_formatted(qy).unwrap();
        let mut uncompressed_public_key = Vec::with_capacity(65);
        uncompressed_public_key.push(0x04);
        uncompressed_public_key.extend_from_slice(&qx);
        uncompressed_public_key.extend_from_slice(&qy);
        uncompressed_public_key
    }

    fn padding_odd_length_hex(value: &str) -> String {
        if value.len() % 2 != 0 {
            return format!("0{}", value);
        }
        value.to_string()
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_scheme_sign() {
        let private_key: PrivateKey = commonware_utils::from_hex_formatted(
            "519b423d715f8b581f4fa8ee59f4771a5b44c8130b4e3eacca54a56dda72b464",
        )
        .unwrap()
        .try_into()
        .unwrap();
        let message = commonware_utils::from_hex_formatted(
            "5905238877c77421f73e43ee3da6f2d9e2ccad5fc942dcec0cbd25482935faaf416983fe165b1a045e
            e2bcd2e6dca3bdf46c4310a7461f9a37960ca672d3feb5473e253605fb1ddfd28065b53cb5858a8ad28175bf
            9bd386a5e471ea7a65c17cc934a9d791e91491eb3754d03799790fe2d308d16146d5c9b0d0debd97d79ce8",
        )
        .unwrap();
        let mut signer = <Secp256r1 as Scheme>::from(private_key).unwrap();
        let signature = signer.sign(None, &message);
        assert_eq!(SIGNATURE_LENGTH, signature.len());
        assert!(Secp256r1::verify(
            None,
            &message,
            &signer.public_key(),
            &signature
        ));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_scheme_private_key() {
        let private_key_hex = "519b423d715f8b581f4fa8ee59f4771a5b44c8130b4e3eacca54a56dda72b464";
        let private_key: PrivateKey = commonware_utils::from_hex_formatted(private_key_hex)
            .unwrap()
            .try_into()
            .unwrap();
        let signer = <Secp256r1 as Scheme>::from(private_key).unwrap();
        let exported_private_key = signer.private_key();
        assert_eq!(
            private_key_hex,
            commonware_utils::hex(&exported_private_key).as_str(),
        );
    }

    // Ensure RFC6979 compliance (should also be tested by underlying library)
    #[test]
    fn test_rfc6979() {
        let private_key: PrivateKey = commonware_utils::from_hex_formatted(
            "c9afa9d845ba75166b5c215767b1d6934e50c3db36e89b127b8a622b120f6721",
        )
        .unwrap()
        .try_into()
        .unwrap();

        let (message, exp_sig) = (
            b"sample",
            p256::ecdsa::Signature::from_slice(
                &commonware_utils::from_hex_formatted(
                    "efd48b2aacb6a8fd1140dd9cd45e81d69d2c877b56aaf991c34d0ea84eaf3716
                    f7cb1c942d657c41d436c7a1b6e29f65f3e900dbb9aff4064dc4ab2f843acda8",
                )
                .unwrap(),
            )
            .unwrap(),
        );
        let mut signer = <Secp256r1 as Scheme>::from(private_key).unwrap();
        let signature = signer.sign(None, message);
        assert_eq!(signature.to_vec(), exp_sig.normalize_s().unwrap().to_vec());

        let (message, exp_sig) = (
            b"test",
            p256::ecdsa::Signature::from_slice(
                &commonware_utils::from_hex_formatted(
                    "f1abb023518351cd71d881567b1ea663ed3efcf6c5132b354f28d3b0b7d38367
                    019f4113742a2b14bd25926b49c649155f267e60d3814b4c0cc84250e46f0083",
                )
                .unwrap(),
            )
            .unwrap(),
        );

        let signature = signer.sign(None, message);
        assert_eq!(signature.to_vec(), exp_sig.to_vec());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_scheme_validate_public_key_too_long() {
        let qx_hex = "d0720dc691aa80096ba32fed1cb97c2b620690d06de0317b8618d5ce65eb728f";
        let qy_hex = "d0720dc691aa80096ba32fed1cb97c2b620690d06de0317b8618d5ce65eb728f";

        let uncompressed_public_key = parse_public_key_as_uncompressed_vector(qx_hex, qy_hex);
        let public_key = <Secp256r1 as Scheme>::PublicKey::try_from(&uncompressed_public_key);
        assert_eq!(public_key, Err(Error::InvalidPublicKeyLength));

        let compressed_public_key = parse_public_key_as_compressed_vector(qx_hex, qy_hex);
        let public_key = <Secp256r1 as Scheme>::PublicKey::try_from(&compressed_public_key);
        assert!(public_key.is_ok());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_scheme_verify_signature_r0() {
        // Generate bad signature
        let private_key: PrivateKey = commonware_utils::from_hex_formatted(
            "c9806898a0334916c860748880a541f093b579a9b1f32934d86c363c39800357",
        )
        .unwrap()
        .try_into()
        .unwrap();
        let message = b"sample";
        let mut signer = <Secp256r1 as Scheme>::from(private_key).unwrap();
        let signature = signer.sign(None, message);
        let (_, s) = signature.split_at(32);
        let mut signature: Vec<u8> = vec![0x00; 32];
        signature.extend_from_slice(s);

        // Try to parse signature
        assert!(Signature::try_from(&signature).is_err());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_scheme_verify_signature_s0() {
        // Generate bad signature
        let private_key: PrivateKey = commonware_utils::from_hex_formatted(
            "c9806898a0334916c860748880a541f093b579a9b1f32934d86c363c39800357",
        )
        .unwrap()
        .try_into()
        .unwrap();
        let message = b"sample";
        let mut signer = <Secp256r1 as Scheme>::from(private_key).unwrap();
        let signature = signer.sign(None, message);
        let (r, _) = signature.split_at(32);
        let s: Vec<u8> = vec![0x00; 32];
        let mut signature = r.to_vec();
        signature.extend(s);

        // Try to parse signature
        assert!(Signature::try_from(&signature).is_err());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_keypairs() {
        let cases = [
            vector_keypair_1(),
            vector_keypair_2(),
            vector_keypair_3(),
            vector_keypair_4(),
            vector_keypair_5(),
            vector_keypair_6(),
            vector_keypair_7(),
            vector_keypair_8(),
            vector_keypair_9(),
            vector_keypair_10(),
        ];

        for (index, test) in cases.into_iter().enumerate() {
            let (private_key, exp_public_key) = test;
            let signer = <Secp256r1 as Scheme>::from(private_key).unwrap();
            assert_eq!(
                exp_public_key,
                signer.public_key(),
                "vector_keypair_{}",
                index + 1
            );
            assert!(signer.public_key().len() == PUBLIC_KEY_LENGTH);
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_public_key_validation() {
        // We use SEC 1-encoded public keys (only include y-parity) whereas vectors
        // assume public keys are uncompressed (both x and y packed in encoding).
        //
        // For this reason, test vector 2 (y out of range) and 11 (y not on curve) are skipped.
        let cases = [
            (1, vector_public_key_validation_1()),
            (3, vector_public_key_validation_3()),
            (4, vector_public_key_validation_4()),
            (5, vector_public_key_validation_5()),
            (6, vector_public_key_validation_6()),
            (7, vector_public_key_validation_7()),
            (8, vector_public_key_validation_8()),
            (9, vector_public_key_validation_9()),
            (10, vector_public_key_validation_10()),
            (12, vector_public_key_validation_12()),
        ];

        for (n, test) in cases.iter() {
            let (public_key, exp_valid) = test;
            let res = <Secp256r1 as Scheme>::PublicKey::try_from(public_key);
            assert_eq!(
                *exp_valid,
                res.is_ok(),
                "vector_public_key_validation_{}",
                n
            );
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_signature_verification() {
        let cases = [
            vector_sig_verification_1(),
            vector_sig_verification_2(),
            vector_sig_verification_3(),
            vector_sig_verification_4(),
            vector_sig_verification_5(),
            vector_sig_verification_6(),
            vector_sig_verification_7(),
            vector_sig_verification_8(),
            vector_sig_verification_9(),
            vector_sig_verification_10(),
            vector_sig_verification_11(),
            vector_sig_verification_12(),
            vector_sig_verification_13(),
            vector_sig_verification_14(),
            vector_sig_verification_15(),
        ];

        for (index, test) in cases.into_iter().enumerate() {
            let (public_key, sig, message, expected) = test;
            let expected = if expected {
                let mut ecdsa_signature = p256::ecdsa::Signature::from_slice(&sig).unwrap();
                if ecdsa_signature.s().is_high().into() {
                    // Valid signatures not normalized must be considered invalid.
                    assert!(Signature::try_from(sig).is_err());

                    // Normalizing sig to test its validity.
                    if let Some(normalized_sig) = ecdsa_signature.normalize_s() {
                        ecdsa_signature = normalized_sig;
                    }
                }
                let signature = Signature::from(ecdsa_signature);
                Secp256r1::verify(None, &message, &public_key, &signature)
            } else {
                let signature = Signature::try_from(sig);
                signature.is_err()
                    || !Secp256r1::verify(None, &message, &public_key, &signature.unwrap())
            };
            assert!(expected, "vector_signature_verification_{}", index + 1);
        }
    }

    fn vector_keypair_1() -> (PrivateKey, PublicKey) {
        parse_vector_keypair(
            "c9806898a0334916c860748880a541f093b579a9b1f32934d86c363c39800357",
            "d0720dc691aa80096ba32fed1cb97c2b620690d06de0317b8618d5ce65eb728f",
            "9681b517b1cda17d0d83d335d9c4a8a9a9b0b1b3c7106d8f3c72bc5093dc275f",
        )
    }

    fn vector_keypair_2() -> (PrivateKey, PublicKey) {
        parse_vector_keypair(
            "710735c8388f48c684a97bd66751cc5f5a122d6b9a96a2dbe73662f78217446d",
            "f6836a8add91cb182d8d258dda6680690eb724a66dc3bb60d2322565c39e4ab9",
            "1f837aa32864870cb8e8d0ac2ff31f824e7beddc4bb7ad72c173ad974b289dc2",
        )
    }

    fn vector_keypair_3() -> (PrivateKey, PublicKey) {
        parse_vector_keypair(
            "78d5d8b7b3e2c16b3e37e7e63becd8ceff61e2ce618757f514620ada8a11f6e4",
            "76711126cbb2af4f6a5fe5665dad4c88d27b6cb018879e03e54f779f203a854e",
            "a26df39960ab5248fd3620fd018398e788bd89a3cea509b352452b69811e6856",
        )
    }

    fn vector_keypair_4() -> (PrivateKey, PublicKey) {
        parse_vector_keypair(
            "2a61a0703860585fe17420c244e1de5a6ac8c25146b208ef88ad51ae34c8cb8c",
            "e1aa7196ceeac088aaddeeba037abb18f67e1b55c0a5c4e71ec70ad666fcddc8",
            "d7d35bdce6dedc5de98a7ecb27a9cd066a08f586a733b59f5a2cdb54f971d5c8",
        )
    }

    fn vector_keypair_5() -> (PrivateKey, PublicKey) {
        parse_vector_keypair(
            "01b965b45ff386f28c121c077f1d7b2710acc6b0cb58d8662d549391dcf5a883",
            "1f038c5422e88eec9e88b815e8f6b3e50852333fc423134348fc7d79ef8e8a10",
            "43a047cb20e94b4ffb361ef68952b004c0700b2962e0c0635a70269bc789b849",
        )
    }

    fn vector_keypair_6() -> (PrivateKey, PublicKey) {
        parse_vector_keypair(
            "fac92c13d374c53a085376fe4101618e1e181b5a63816a84a0648f3bdc24e519",
            "7258f2ab96fc84ef6ccb33e308cd392d8b568ea635730ceb4ebd72fa870583b9",
            "489807ca55bdc29ca5c8fe69b94f227b0345cccdbe89975e75d385cc2f6bb1e2",
        )
    }

    fn vector_keypair_7() -> (PrivateKey, PublicKey) {
        parse_vector_keypair(
            "f257a192dde44227b3568008ff73bcf599a5c45b32ab523b5b21ca582fef5a0a",
            "d2e01411817b5512b79bbbe14d606040a4c90deb09e827d25b9f2fc068997872",
            "503f138f8bab1df2c4507ff663a1fdf7f710e7adb8e7841eaa902703e314e793",
        )
    }

    fn vector_keypair_8() -> (PrivateKey, PublicKey) {
        parse_vector_keypair(
            "add67e57c42a3d28708f0235eb86885a4ea68e0d8cfd76eb46134c596522abfd",
            "55bed2d9c029b7f230bde934c7124ed52b1330856f13cbac65a746f9175f85d7",
            "32805e311d583b4e007c40668185e85323948e21912b6b0d2cda8557389ae7b0",
        )
    }

    fn vector_keypair_9() -> (PrivateKey, PublicKey) {
        parse_vector_keypair(
            "4494860fd2c805c5c0d277e58f802cff6d731f76314eb1554142a637a9bc5538",
            "5190277a0c14d8a3d289292f8a544ce6ea9183200e51aec08440e0c1a463a4e4",
            "ecd98514821bd5aaf3419ab79b71780569470e4fed3da3c1353b28fe137f36eb",
        )
    }

    fn vector_keypair_10() -> (PrivateKey, PublicKey) {
        parse_vector_keypair(
            "d40b07b1ea7b86d4709ef9dc634c61229feb71abd63dc7fc85ef46711a87b210",
            "fbcea7c2827e0e8085d7707b23a3728823ea6f4878b24747fb4fd2842d406c73",
            "2393c85f1f710c5afc115a39ba7e18abe03f19c9d4bb3d47d19468b818efa535",
        )
    }

    fn vector_public_key_validation_1() -> (Vec<u8>, bool) {
        (
            parse_public_key_as_compressed_vector(
                "e0f7449c5588f24492c338f2bc8f7865f755b958d48edb0f2d0056e50c3fd5b7",
                "86d7e9255d0f4b6f44fa2cd6f8ba3c0aa828321d6d8cc430ca6284ce1d5b43a0",
            ),
            true,
        )
    }

    fn vector_public_key_validation_3() -> (Vec<u8>, bool) {
        (
            parse_public_key_as_compressed_vector(
                "17875397ae87369365656d490e8ce956911bd97607f2aff41b56f6f3a61989826",
                "980a3c4f61b9692633fbba5ef04c9cb546dd05cdec9fa8428b8849670e2fba92",
            ),
            false, // x out of range
        )
    }

    fn vector_public_key_validation_4() -> (Vec<u8>, bool) {
        (
            parse_public_key_as_compressed_vector(
                "f2d1c0dc0852c3d8a2a2500a23a44813ccce1ac4e58444175b440469ffc12273",
                "32bfe992831b305d8c37b9672df5d29fcb5c29b4a40534683e3ace23d24647dd",
            ),
            false, // point not on the curve
        )
    }

    fn vector_public_key_validation_5() -> (Vec<u8>, bool) {
        (
            parse_public_key_as_compressed_vector(
                "10b0ca230fff7c04768f4b3d5c75fa9f6c539bea644dffbec5dc796a213061b58",
                "f5edf37c11052b75f771b7f9fa050e353e464221fec916684ed45b6fead38205",
            ),
            false, // x out of range
        )
    }

    fn vector_public_key_validation_6() -> (Vec<u8>, bool) {
        (
            parse_public_key_as_compressed_vector(
                "2c1052f25360a15062d204a056274e93cbe8fc4c4e9b9561134ad5c15ce525da",
                "ced9783713a8a2a09eff366987639c625753295d9a85d0f5325e32dedbcada0b",
            ),
            true,
        )
    }

    fn vector_public_key_validation_7() -> (Vec<u8>, bool) {
        (
            parse_public_key_as_compressed_vector(
                "a40d077a87dae157d93dcccf3fe3aca9c6479a75aa2669509d2ef05c7de6782f",
                "503d86b87d743ba20804fd7e7884aa017414a7b5b5963e0d46e3a9611419ddf3",
            ),
            false, // point not on the curve
        )
    }

    fn vector_public_key_validation_8() -> (Vec<u8>, bool) {
        (
            parse_public_key_as_compressed_vector(
                "2633d398a3807b1895548adbb0ea2495ef4b930f91054891030817df87d4ac0a",
                "d6b2f738e3873cc8364a2d364038ce7d0798bb092e3dd77cbdae7c263ba618d2",
            ),
            true,
        )
    }

    fn vector_public_key_validation_9() -> (Vec<u8>, bool) {
        (
            parse_public_key_as_compressed_vector(
                "14bf57f76c260b51ec6bbc72dbd49f02a56eaed070b774dc4bad75a54653c3d56",
                "7a231a23bf8b3aa31d9600d888a0678677a30e573decd3dc56b33f365cc11236",
            ),
            false, // x out of range
        )
    }

    fn vector_public_key_validation_10() -> (Vec<u8>, bool) {
        (
            parse_public_key_as_compressed_vector(
                "2fa74931ae816b426f484180e517f5050c92decfc8daf756cd91f54d51b302f1",
                "5b994346137988c58c14ae2152ac2f6ad96d97decb33099bd8a0210114cd1141",
            ),
            true,
        )
    }

    fn vector_public_key_validation_12() -> (Vec<u8>, bool) {
        (
            parse_public_key_as_compressed_vector(
                "7a81a7e0b015252928d8b36e4ca37e92fdc328eb25c774b4f872693028c4be38",
                "08862f7335147261e7b1c3d055f9a316e4cab7daf99cc09d1c647f5dd6e7d5bb",
            ),
            false, // point not on the curve
        )
    }

    fn vector_sig_verification_1() -> (PublicKey, Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>, bool) {
        let (public_key, sig, message) = parse_vector_sig_verification(
            "87f8f2b218f49845f6f10eec3877136269f5c1a54736dbdf69f89940cad41555",
            "e15f369036f49842fac7a86c8a2b0557609776814448b8f5e84aa9f4395205e9",
            "d19ff48b324915576416097d2544f7cbdf8768b1454ad20e0baac50e211f23b0",
            "a3e81e59311cdfff2d4784949f7a2cb50ba6c3a91fa54710568e61aca3e847c6",
            "e4796db5f785f207aa30d311693b3702821dff1168fd2e04c0836825aefd850d9aa60326d88cde1a23c7
            745351392ca2288d632c264f197d05cd424a30336c19fd09bb229654f0222fcb881a4b35c290a093ac159ce1
            3409111ff0358411133c24f5b8e2090d6db6558afc36f06ca1f6ef779785adba68db27a409859fc4c4a0",
        );
        (public_key, sig, message, false)
    }

    fn vector_sig_verification_2() -> (PublicKey, Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>, bool) {
        let (public_key, sig, message) = parse_vector_sig_verification(
            "5cf02a00d205bdfee2016f7421807fc38ae69e6b7ccd064ee689fc1a94a9f7d2",
            "ec530ce3cc5c9d1af463f264d685afe2b4db4b5828d7e61b748930f3ce622a85",
            "dc23d130c6117fb5751201455e99f36f59aba1a6a21cf2d0e7481a97451d6693",
            "d6ce7708c18dbf35d4f8aa7240922dc6823f2e7058cbc1484fcad1599db5018c",
            "069a6e6b93dfee6df6ef6997cd80dd2182c36653cef10c655d524585655462d683877f95ecc6d6c81623
            d8fac4e900ed0019964094e7de91f1481989ae1873004565789cbf5dc56c62aedc63f62f3b894c9c6f7788c8
            ecaadc9bd0e81ad91b2b3569ea12260e93924fdddd3972af5273198f5efda0746219475017557616170e",
        );
        (public_key, sig, message, false)
    }

    fn vector_sig_verification_3() -> (PublicKey, Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>, bool) {
        let (public_key, sig, message) = parse_vector_sig_verification(
            "2ddfd145767883ffbb0ac003ab4a44346d08fa2570b3120dcce94562422244cb",
            "5f70c7d11ac2b7a435ccfbbae02c3df1ea6b532cc0e9db74f93fffca7c6f9a64",
            "9913111cff6f20c5bf453a99cd2c2019a4e749a49724a08774d14e4c113edda8",
            "9467cd4cd21ecb56b0cab0a9a453b43386845459127a952421f5c6382866c5cc",
            "df04a346cf4d0e331a6db78cca2d456d31b0a000aa51441defdb97bbeb20b94d8d746429a393ba88840d
            661615e07def615a342abedfa4ce912e562af714959896858af817317a840dcff85a057bb91a3c2bf9010550
            0362754a6dd321cdd86128cfc5f04667b57aa78c112411e42da304f1012d48cd6a7052d7de44ebcc01de",
        );
        (public_key, sig, message, false)
    }

    fn vector_sig_verification_4() -> (PublicKey, Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>, bool) {
        let (public_key, sig, message) = parse_vector_sig_verification(
            "e424dc61d4bb3cb7ef4344a7f8957a0c5134e16f7a67c074f82e6e12f49abf3c",
            "970eed7aa2bc48651545949de1dddaf0127e5965ac85d1243d6f60e7dfaee927",
            "bf96b99aa49c705c910be33142017c642ff540c76349b9dab72f981fd9347f4f",
            "17c55095819089c2e03b9cd415abdf12444e323075d98f31920b9e0f57ec871c",
            "e1130af6a38ccb412a9c8d13e15dbfc9e69a16385af3c3f1e5da954fd5e7c45fd75e2b8c36699228e928
            40c0562fbf3772f07e17f1add56588dd45f7450e1217ad239922dd9c32695dc71ff2424ca0dec1321aa47064
            a044b7fe3c2b97d03ce470a592304c5ef21eed9f93da56bb232d1eeb0035f9bf0dfafdcc4606272b20a3",
        );
        (public_key, sig, message, true)
    }

    fn vector_sig_verification_5() -> (PublicKey, Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>, bool) {
        let (public_key, sig, message) = parse_vector_sig_verification(
            "e0fc6a6f50e1c57475673ee54e3a57f9a49f3328e743bf52f335e3eeaa3d2864",
            "7f59d689c91e463607d9194d99faf316e25432870816dde63f5d4b373f12f22a",
            "1d75830cd36f4c9aa181b2c4221e87f176b7f05b7c87824e82e396c88315c407",
            "cb2acb01dac96efc53a32d4a0d85d0c2e48955214783ecf50a4f0414a319c05a",
            "73c5f6a67456ae48209b5f85d1e7de7758bf235300c6ae2bdceb1dcb27a7730fb68c950b7fcada0ecc46
            61d3578230f225a875e69aaa17f1e71c6be5c831f22663bac63d0c7a9635edb0043ff8c6f26470f02a7bc565
            56f1437f06dfa27b487a6c4290d8bad38d4879b334e341ba092dde4e4ae694a9c09302e2dbf443581c08",
        );
        // Valid vector we switch to invalid as the signature is not normalized.
        (public_key, sig, message, true)
    }

    fn vector_sig_verification_6() -> (PublicKey, Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>, bool) {
        let (public_key, sig, message) = parse_vector_sig_verification(
            "a849bef575cac3c6920fbce675c3b787136209f855de19ffe2e8d29b31a5ad86",
            "bf5fe4f7858f9b805bd8dcc05ad5e7fb889de2f822f3d8b41694e6c55c16b471",
            "25acc3aa9d9e84c7abf08f73fa4195acc506491d6fc37cb9074528a7db87b9d6",
            "9b21d5b5259ed3f2ef07dfec6cc90d3a37855d1ce122a85ba6a333f307d31537",
            "666036d9b4a2426ed6585a4e0fd931a8761451d29ab04bd7dc6d0c5b9e38e6c2b263ff6cb837bd04399d
            e3d757c6c7005f6d7a987063cf6d7e8cb38a4bf0d74a282572bd01d0f41e3fd066e3021575f0fa04f27b700d
            5b7ddddf50965993c3f9c7118ed78888da7cb221849b3260592b8e632d7c51e935a0ceae15207bedd548",
        );
        (public_key, sig, message, false)
    }

    fn vector_sig_verification_7() -> (PublicKey, Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>, bool) {
        let (public_key, sig, message) = parse_vector_sig_verification(
            "3dfb6f40f2471b29b77fdccba72d37c21bba019efa40c1c8f91ec405d7dcc5df",
            "f22f953f1e395a52ead7f3ae3fc47451b438117b1e04d613bc8555b7d6e6d1bb",
            "548886278e5ec26bed811dbb72db1e154b6f17be70deb1b210107decb1ec2a5a",
            "e93bfebd2f14f3d827ca32b464be6e69187f5edbd52def4f96599c37d58eee75",
            "7e80436bce57339ce8da1b5660149a20240b146d108deef3ec5da4ae256f8f894edcbbc57b34ce37089c
            0daa17f0c46cd82b5a1599314fd79d2fd2f446bd5a25b8e32fcf05b76d644573a6df4ad1dfea707b479d9723
            7a346f1ec632ea5660efb57e8717a8628d7f82af50a4e84b11f21bdff6839196a880ae20b2a0918d58cd",
        );
        (public_key, sig, message, false)
    }

    fn vector_sig_verification_8() -> (PublicKey, Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>, bool) {
        let (public_key, sig, message) = parse_vector_sig_verification(
            "69b7667056e1e11d6caf6e45643f8b21e7a4bebda463c7fdbc13bc98efbd0214",
            "d3f9b12eb46c7c6fda0da3fc85bc1fd831557f9abc902a3be3cb3e8be7d1aa2f",
            "288f7a1cd391842cce21f00e6f15471c04dc182fe4b14d92dc18910879799790",
            "247b3c4e89a3bcadfea73c7bfd361def43715fa382b8c3edf4ae15d6e55e9979",
            "1669bfb657fdc62c3ddd63269787fc1c969f1850fb04c933dda063ef74a56ce13e3a649700820f0061ef
            abf849a85d474326c8a541d99830eea8131eaea584f22d88c353965dabcdc4bf6b55949fd529507dfb803ab6
            b480cd73ca0ba00ca19c438849e2cea262a1c57d8f81cd257fb58e19dec7904da97d8386e87b84948169",
        );
        (public_key, sig, message, false)
    }

    fn vector_sig_verification_9() -> (PublicKey, Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>, bool) {
        let (public_key, sig, message) = parse_vector_sig_verification(
            "bf02cbcf6d8cc26e91766d8af0b164fc5968535e84c158eb3bc4e2d79c3cc682",
            "069ba6cb06b49d60812066afa16ecf7b51352f2c03bd93ec220822b1f3dfba03",
            "f5acb06c59c2b4927fb852faa07faf4b1852bbb5d06840935e849c4d293d1bad",
            "049dab79c89cc02f1484c437f523e080a75f134917fda752f2d5ca397addfe5d",
            "3fe60dd9ad6caccf5a6f583b3ae65953563446c4510b70da115ffaa0ba04c076115c7043ab8733403cd6
            9c7d14c212c655c07b43a7c71b9a4cffe22c2684788ec6870dc2013f269172c822256f9e7cc674791bf2d848
            6c0f5684283e1649576efc982ede17c7b74b214754d70402fb4bb45ad086cf2cf76b3d63f7fce39ac970",
        );
        (public_key, sig, message, false)
    }

    fn vector_sig_verification_10() -> (PublicKey, Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>, bool) {
        let (public_key, sig, message) = parse_vector_sig_verification(
            "224a4d65b958f6d6afb2904863efd2a734b31798884801fcab5a590f4d6da9de",
            "178d51fddada62806f097aa615d33b8f2404e6b1479f5fd4859d595734d6d2b9",
            "87b93ee2fecfda54deb8dff8e426f3c72c8864991f8ec2b3205bb3b416de93d2",
            "4044a24df85be0cc76f21a4430b75b8e77b932a87f51e4eccbc45c263ebf8f66",
            "983a71b9994d95e876d84d28946a041f8f0a3f544cfcc055496580f1dfd4e312a2ad418fe69dbc61db23
            0cc0c0ed97e360abab7d6ff4b81ee970a7e97466acfd9644f828ffec538abc383d0e92326d1c88c55e1f46a6
            68a039beaa1be631a89129938c00a81a3ae46d4aecbf9707f764dbaccea3ef7665e4c4307fa0b0a3075c",
        );
        (public_key, sig, message, false)
    }

    fn vector_sig_verification_11() -> (PublicKey, Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>, bool) {
        let (public_key, sig, message) = parse_vector_sig_verification(
            "43691c7795a57ead8c5c68536fe934538d46f12889680a9cb6d055a066228369",
            "f8790110b3c3b281aa1eae037d4f1234aff587d903d93ba3af225c27ddc9ccac",
            "8acd62e8c262fa50dd9840480969f4ef70f218ebf8ef9584f199031132c6b1ce",
            "cfca7ed3d4347fb2a29e526b43c348ae1ce6c60d44f3191b6d8ea3a2d9c92154",
            "4a8c071ac4fd0d52faa407b0fe5dab759f7394a5832127f2a3498f34aac287339e043b4ffa79528faf19
            9dc917f7b066ad65505dab0e11e6948515052ce20cfdb892ffb8aa9bf3f1aa5be30a5bbe85823bddf70b39fd
            7ebd4a93a2f75472c1d4f606247a9821f1a8c45a6cb80545de2e0c6c0174e2392088c754e9c8443eb5af",
        );
        (public_key, sig, message, false)
    }

    fn vector_sig_verification_12() -> (PublicKey, Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>, bool) {
        let (public_key, sig, message) = parse_vector_sig_verification(
            "9157dbfcf8cf385f5bb1568ad5c6e2a8652ba6dfc63bc1753edf5268cb7eb596",
            "972570f4313d47fc96f7c02d5594d77d46f91e949808825b3d31f029e8296405",
            "dfaea6f297fa320b707866125c2a7d5d515b51a503bee817de9faa343cc48eeb",
            "8f780ad713f9c3e5a4f7fa4c519833dfefc6a7432389b1e4af463961f09764f2",
            "0a3a12c3084c865daf1d302c78215d39bfe0b8bf28272b3c0b74beb4b7409db0718239de700785581514
            321c6440a4bbaea4c76fa47401e151e68cb6c29017f0bce4631290af5ea5e2bf3ed742ae110b04ade83a5dbd
            7358f29a85938e23d87ac8233072b79c94670ff0959f9c7f4517862ff829452096c78f5f2e9a7e4e9216",
        );
        (public_key, sig, message, false)
    }

    fn vector_sig_verification_13() -> (PublicKey, Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>, bool) {
        let (public_key, sig, message) = parse_vector_sig_verification(
            "072b10c081a4c1713a294f248aef850e297991aca47fa96a7470abe3b8acfdda",
            "9581145cca04a0fb94cedce752c8f0370861916d2a94e7c647c5373ce6a4c8f5",
            "09f5483eccec80f9d104815a1be9cc1a8e5b12b6eb482a65c6907b7480cf4f19",
            "a4f90e560c5e4eb8696cb276e5165b6a9d486345dedfb094a76e8442d026378d",
            "785d07a3c54f63dca11f5d1a5f496ee2c2f9288e55007e666c78b007d95cc28581dce51f490b30fa73dc
            9e2d45d075d7e3a95fb8a9e1465ad191904124160b7c60fa720ef4ef1c5d2998f40570ae2a870ef3e894c2bc
            617d8a1dc85c3c55774928c38789b4e661349d3f84d2441a3b856a76949b9f1f80bc161648a1cad5588e",
        );
        (public_key, sig, message, false)
    }

    fn vector_sig_verification_14() -> (PublicKey, Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>, bool) {
        let (public_key, sig, message) = parse_vector_sig_verification(
            "09308ea5bfad6e5adf408634b3d5ce9240d35442f7fe116452aaec0d25be8c24",
            "f40c93e023ef494b1c3079b2d10ef67f3170740495ce2cc57f8ee4b0618b8ee5",
            "5cc8aa7c35743ec0c23dde88dabd5e4fcd0192d2116f6926fef788cddb754e73",
            "9c9c045ebaa1b828c32f82ace0d18daebf5e156eb7cbfdc1eff4399a8a900ae7",
            "76f987ec5448dd72219bd30bf6b66b0775c80b394851a43ff1f537f140a6e7229ef8cd72ad58b1d2d202
            98539d6347dd5598812bc65323aceaf05228f738b5ad3e8d9fe4100fd767c2f098c77cb99c2992843ba3eed9
            1d32444f3b6db6cd212dd4e5609548f4bb62812a920f6e2bf1581be1ebeebdd06ec4e971862cc42055ca",
        );
        (public_key, sig, message, false)
    }

    fn vector_sig_verification_15() -> (PublicKey, Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>, bool) {
        let (public_key, sig, message) = parse_vector_sig_verification(
            "2d98ea01f754d34bbc3003df5050200abf445ec728556d7ed7d5c54c55552b6d",
            "9b52672742d637a32add056dfd6d8792f2a33c2e69dafabea09b960bc61e230a",
            "06108e525f845d0155bf60193222b3219c98e3d49424c2fb2a0987f825c17959",
            "62b5cdd591e5b507e560167ba8f6f7cda74673eb315680cb89ccbc4eec477dce",
            "60cd64b2cd2be6c33859b94875120361a24085f3765cb8b2bf11e026fa9d8855dbe435acf7882e84f3c7
            857f96e2baab4d9afe4588e4a82e17a78827bfdb5ddbd1c211fbc2e6d884cddd7cb9d90d5bf4a7311b83f352
            508033812c776a0e00c003c7e0d628e50736c7512df0acfa9f2320bd102229f46495ae6d0857cc452a84",
        );
        (public_key, sig, message, true)
    }
}