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#[cfg(feature = "yaml")] use std::collections::BTreeMap; use std::rc::Rc; #[cfg(feature = "yaml")] use yaml_rust::Yaml; use vec_map::VecMap; use usage_parser::UsageParser; use args::settings::{ArgFlags, ArgSettings}; /// The abstract representation of a command line argument. Used to set all the options and /// relationships that define a valid argument for the program. /// /// There are two methods for constructing [`Arg`]s, using the builder pattern and setting options /// manually, or using a usage string which is far less verbose but has fewer options. You can also /// use a combination of the two methods to achieve the best of both worlds. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::Arg; /// // Using the traditional builder pattern and setting each option manually /// let cfg = Arg::with_name("config") /// .short("c") /// .long("config") /// .takes_value(true) /// .value_name("FILE") /// .help("Provides a config file to myprog"); /// // Using a usage string (setting a similar argument to the one above) /// let input = Arg::from_usage("-i, --input=[FILE] 'Provides an input file to the program'"); /// ``` /// [`Arg`]: ./struct.Arg.html #[allow(missing_debug_implementations)] pub struct Arg<'a, 'b> where 'a: 'b { #[doc(hidden)] pub name: &'a str, #[doc(hidden)] pub short: Option<char>, #[doc(hidden)] pub long: Option<&'b str>, #[doc(hidden)] pub help: Option<&'b str>, #[doc(hidden)] pub index: Option<u64>, #[doc(hidden)] pub blacklist: Option<Vec<&'a str>>, #[doc(hidden)] pub possible_vals: Option<Vec<&'b str>>, #[doc(hidden)] pub requires: Option<Vec<&'a str>>, #[doc(hidden)] pub group: Option<Vec<&'a str>>, #[doc(hidden)] pub val_names: Option<VecMap<&'b str>>, #[doc(hidden)] pub num_vals: Option<u64>, #[doc(hidden)] pub max_vals: Option<u64>, #[doc(hidden)] pub min_vals: Option<u64>, #[doc(hidden)] pub validator: Option<Rc<Fn(String) -> Result<(), String>>>, #[doc(hidden)] pub overrides: Option<Vec<&'a str>>, #[doc(hidden)] pub settings: ArgFlags, #[doc(hidden)] pub val_delim: Option<char>, #[doc(hidden)] pub default_val: Option<&'a str>, #[doc(hidden)] pub disp_ord: usize, #[doc(hidden)] pub r_unless: Option<Vec<&'a str>>, } impl<'a, 'b> Default for Arg<'a, 'b> { fn default() -> Self { Arg { name: "".as_ref(), short: None, long: None, help: None, index: None, blacklist: None, possible_vals: None, requires: None, group: None, val_names: None, num_vals: None, max_vals: None, min_vals: None, validator: None, overrides: None, settings: ArgFlags::new(), val_delim: Some(','), default_val: None, disp_ord: 999, r_unless: None, } } } impl<'a, 'b> Arg<'a, 'b> { /// Creates a new instance of [`Arg`] using a unique string name. The name will be used to get /// information about whether or not the argument was used at runtime, get values, set /// relationships with other args, etc.. /// /// **NOTE:** In the case of arguments that take values (i.e. [`Arg::takes_value(true)`]) /// and positional arguments (i.e. those without a preceding `-` or `--`) the name will also /// be displayed when the user prints the usage/help information of the program. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::{App, Arg}; /// Arg::with_name("config") /// # ; /// ``` /// [`Arg::takes_value(true)`]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.takes_value /// [`Arg`]: ./struct.Arg.html pub fn with_name(n: &'a str) -> Self { Arg { name: n, ..Default::default() } } /// Creates a new instance of [`Arg`] from a .yml (YAML) file. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```ignore /// # use clap::Arg; /// let yml = load_yaml!("arg.yml"); /// let arg = Arg::from_yaml(yml); /// ``` /// [`Arg`]: ./struct.Arg.html #[cfg(feature = "yaml")] pub fn from_yaml<'y>(y: &'y BTreeMap<Yaml, Yaml>) -> Arg<'y, 'y> { // We WANT this to panic on error...so expect() is good. let name_yml = y.keys().nth(0).unwrap(); let name_str = name_yml.as_str().unwrap(); let mut a = Arg::with_name(name_str); let arg_settings = y.get(name_yml).unwrap().as_hash().unwrap(); for (k, v) in arg_settings.iter() { a = match k.as_str().unwrap() { "short" => a.short(v.as_str().unwrap()), "long" => a.long(v.as_str().unwrap()), "help" => a.help(v.as_str().unwrap()), "required" => a.required(v.as_bool().unwrap()), "takes_value" => a.takes_value(v.as_bool().unwrap()), "index" => a.index(v.as_i64().unwrap() as u64), "global" => a.global(v.as_bool().unwrap()), "multiple" => a.multiple(v.as_bool().unwrap()), "hidden" => a.hidden(v.as_bool().unwrap()), "next_line_help" => a.next_line_help(v.as_bool().unwrap()), "empty_values" => a.empty_values(v.as_bool().unwrap()), "group" => a.group(v.as_str().unwrap()), "number_of_values" => a.number_of_values(v.as_i64().unwrap() as u64), "max_values" => a.max_values(v.as_i64().unwrap() as u64), "min_values" => a.min_values(v.as_i64().unwrap() as u64), "value_name" => a.value_name(v.as_str().unwrap()), "use_delimiter" => a.use_delimiter(v.as_bool().unwrap()), "value_delimiter" => a.value_delimiter(v.as_str().unwrap()), "required_unless" => a.required_unless(v.as_str().unwrap()), "display_order" => a.display_order(v.as_i64().unwrap() as usize), "default_value" => a.default_value(v.as_str().unwrap()), "value_names" => { for ys in v.as_vec().unwrap() { if let Some(s) = ys.as_str() { a = a.value_name(s); } } a } "groups" => { for ys in v.as_vec().unwrap() { if let Some(s) = ys.as_str() { a = a.group(s); } } a } "requires" => { for ys in v.as_vec().unwrap() { if let Some(s) = ys.as_str() { a = a.requires(s); } } a } "conflicts_with" => { for ys in v.as_vec().unwrap() { if let Some(s) = ys.as_str() { a = a.conflicts_with(s); } } a } "overrides_with" => { for ys in v.as_vec().unwrap() { if let Some(s) = ys.as_str() { a = a.overrides_with(s); } } a } "possible_values" => { for ys in v.as_vec().unwrap() { if let Some(s) = ys.as_str() { a = a.possible_value(s); } } a } "required_unless_one" => { for ys in v.as_vec().unwrap() { if let Some(s) = ys.as_str() { a = a.required_unless(s); } } a } "required_unless_all" => { for ys in v.as_vec().unwrap() { if let Some(s) = ys.as_str() { a = a.required_unless(s); } } a.setb(ArgSettings::RequiredUnlessAll); a } s => { panic!("Unknown Arg setting '{}' in YAML file for arg '{}'", s, name_str) } } } a } /// Creates a new instance of [`Arg`] from a usage string. Allows creation of basic settings /// for the [`Arg`]. The syntax is flexible, but there are some rules to follow. /// /// **NOTE**: Not all settings may be set using the usage string method. Some properties are /// only available via the builder pattern. /// /// **NOTE**: Only ASCII values are officially supported in [`Arg::from_usage`] strings. Some /// UTF-8 codepoints may work just fine, but this is not guaranteed. /// /// # Syntax /// /// Usage strings typically following the form: /// /// ```notrust /// [explicit name] [short] [long] [value names] [help string] /// ``` /// /// This is not a hard rule as the attributes can appear in other orders. There are also /// several additional sigils which denote additional settings. Below are the details of each /// portion of the string. /// /// ### Explicit Name /// /// This is an optional field, if it's omitted the argument will use one of the additional /// fields as the name using the following priority order: /// /// * Explicit Name (This always takes precedence when present) /// * Long /// * Short /// * Value Name /// /// `clap` determines explicit names as the first string of characters between either `[]` or /// `<>` where `[]` has the dual notation of meaning the argument is optional, and `<>` meaning /// the argument is required. /// /// Explicit names may be followed by: /// * The multiple denotation `...` /// /// Example explicit names as follows (`ename` for an optional argument, and `rname` for a /// required argument): /// /// ```notrust /// [ename] -s, --long 'some flag' /// <rname> -r, --longer 'some other flag' /// ``` /// /// ### Short /// /// This is set by placing a single character after a leading `-`. /// /// Shorts may be followed by /// * The multiple denotation `...` /// * An optional comma `,` which is cosmetic only /// * Value notation /// /// Example shorts are as follows (`-s`, and `-r`): /// /// ```notrust /// -s, --long 'some flag' /// <rname> -r [val], --longer 'some option' /// ``` /// /// ### Long /// /// This is set by placing a word (no spaces) after a leading `--`. /// /// Shorts may be followed by /// * The multiple denotation `...` /// * Value notation /// /// Example longs are as follows (`--some`, and `--rapid`): /// /// ```notrust /// -s, --some 'some flag' /// --rapid=[FILE] 'some option' /// ``` /// /// ### Values (Value Notation) /// /// This is set by placing a word(s) between `[]` or `<>` optionally after `=` (although this /// is cosmetic only and does not affect functionality). If an explicit name has **not** been /// set, using `<>` will denote a required argument, and `[]` will denote an optional argument /// /// Values may be followed by /// * The multiple denotation `...` /// * More Value notation /// /// More than one value will also implicitly set the arguments number of values, i.e. having /// two values, `--option [val1] [val2]` specifies that in order for option to be satisified it /// must receive exactly two values /// /// Example values are as follows (`FILE`, and `SPEED`): /// /// ```notrust /// -s, --some [FILE] 'some option' /// --rapid=<SPEED>... 'some required multiple option' /// ``` /// /// ### Help String /// /// The help string is denoted between a pair of single quotes `''` and may contain any /// characters. /// /// Example help strings are as follows: /// /// ```notrust /// -s, --some [FILE] 'some option' /// --rapid=<SPEED>... 'some required multiple option' /// ``` /// /// ### Additional Sigils /// /// Multiple notation `...` (three consecutive dots/periods) specifies that this argument may /// be used multiple times. Do not confuse multiple occurrences (`...`) with multiple values. /// `--option val1 val2` is a single occurrence with multiple values. `--flag --flag` is /// multiple occurrences (and then you can obviously have instances of both as well) /// /// # Examples /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::{App, Arg}; /// App::new("myprog") /// .args(&[ /// Arg::from_usage("--config <FILE> 'a required file for the configuration and no short'"), /// Arg::from_usage("-d, --debug... 'turns on debugging information and allows multiples'"), /// Arg::from_usage("[input] 'an optional input file to use'") /// ]) /// # ; /// ``` /// [`Arg`]: ./struct.Arg.html /// [`Arg::from_usage`]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.from_usage pub fn from_usage(u: &'a str) -> Self { let parser = UsageParser::from_usage(u); parser.parse() } /// Sets the short version of the argument without the preceding `-`. /// /// By default `clap` automatically assigns `V` and `h` to the auto-generated `version` and /// `help` arguments respectively. You may use the uppercase `V` or lowercase `h` for your own /// arguments, in which case `clap` simply will not assign those to the auto-generated /// `version` or `help` arguments. /// /// **NOTE:** Any leading `-` characters will be stripped, and only the first /// non `-` character will be used as the [`short`] version /// /// # Examples /// /// To set [`short`] use a single valid UTF-8 code point. If you supply a leading `-` such as /// `-c`, the `-` will be stripped. /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::{App, Arg}; /// Arg::with_name("config") /// .short("c") /// # ; /// ``` /// /// Setting [`short`] allows using the argument via a single hyphen (`-`) such as `-c` /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::{App, Arg}; /// let m = App::new("shorttest") /// .arg(Arg::with_name("config") /// .short("c")) /// .get_matches_from(vec![ /// "shorttest", "-c" /// ]); /// /// assert!(m.is_present("config")); /// ``` /// [`short`]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.short pub fn short<S: AsRef<str>>(mut self, s: S) -> Self { self.short = s.as_ref().trim_left_matches(|c| c == '-').chars().nth(0); self } /// Sets the long version of the argument without the preceding `--`. /// /// By default `clap` automatically assigns `version` and `help` to the auto-generated /// `version` and `help` arguments respectively. You may use the word `version` or `help` for /// the long form of your own arguments, in which case `clap` simply will not assign those to /// the auto-generated `version` or `help` arguments. /// /// **NOTE:** Any leading `-` characters will be stripped /// /// # Examples /// /// To set `long` use a word containing valid UTF-8 codepoints. If you supply a double leading /// `--` such as `--config` they will be stripped. Hyphens in the middle of the word, however, /// will *not* be stripped (i.e. `config-file` is allowed) /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::{App, Arg}; /// Arg::with_name("cfg") /// .long("config") /// # ; /// ``` /// /// Setting `long` allows using the argument via a double hyphen (`--`) such as `--config` /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::{App, Arg}; /// let m = App::new("longtest") /// .arg(Arg::with_name("cfg") /// .long("config")) /// .get_matches_from(vec![ /// "longtest", "--config" /// ]); /// /// assert!(m.is_present("cfg")); /// ``` pub fn long(mut self, l: &'b str) -> Self { self.long = Some(l.trim_left_matches(|c| c == '-')); self } /// Sets the help text of the argument that will be displayed to the user when they print the /// usage/help information. /// /// # Examples /// /// Any valid UTF-8 is allowed in the help text. The one exception is when one wishes to /// include a newline in the help text and have the following text be properly aligned with all /// the other help text. To include a newline **and** be properly aligned with all other /// arguments help text, it must be specified via a tag inside curly braces, like so `{n}`. /// Using the standard `\n` will produce a newline, but it will not be properly aligned. /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::{App, Arg}; /// Arg::with_name("config") /// .help("The config file used by the myprog") /// # ; /// ``` /// /// Setting `help` displays a short message to the side of the argument when the user passes /// `-h` or `--help` (by default). /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::{App, Arg}; /// let m = App::new("helptest") /// .arg(Arg::with_name("cfg") /// .long("config") /// .help("Some help text describing the --config arg")) /// .get_matches_from(vec![ /// "shorttest", "--help" /// ]); /// ``` /// /// The above example displays /// /// ```notrust /// helptest /// /// USAGE: /// helptest [FLAGS] /// /// FLAGS: /// --config Some help text describing the --config arg /// -h, --help Prints help information /// -V, --version Prints version information /// ``` pub fn help(mut self, h: &'b str) -> Self { self.help = Some(h); self } /// Sets whether or not the argument is required by default. Required by default means it is /// required, when no other conflicting rules have been evaluated. Conflicting rules take /// precedence over being required. **Default:** `false` /// /// **NOTE:** Flags (i.e. not positional, or arguments that take values) cannot be required by /// default. This is simply because if a flag should be required, it should simply be implied /// as no additional information is required from user. Flags by their very nature are simply /// yes/no, or true/false. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::Arg; /// Arg::with_name("config") /// .required(true) /// # ; /// ``` /// /// Setting [`Arg::required(true)`] requires that the argument be used at runtime. /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::{App, Arg}; /// let res = App::new("longtest") /// .arg(Arg::with_name("cfg") /// .required(true) /// .takes_value(true) /// .long("config")) /// .get_matches_from_safe(vec![ /// "shorttest", "--config", "file.conf" /// ]); /// /// assert!(res.is_ok()); /// ``` /// /// Setting [`Arg::required(true)`] and *not* supplying that argument is an error. /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::{App, Arg, ErrorKind}; /// let res = App::new("longtest") /// .arg(Arg::with_name("cfg") /// .required(true) /// .takes_value(true) /// .long("config")) /// .get_matches_from_safe(vec![ /// "shorttest" /// ]); /// /// assert!(res.is_err()); /// assert_eq!(res.unwrap_err().kind, ErrorKind::MissingRequiredArgument); /// ``` /// [`Arg::required(true)`]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.required pub fn required(self, r: bool) -> Self { if r { self.set(ArgSettings::Required) } else { self.unset(ArgSettings::Required) } } /// Sets an arg that override this arg's required setting. (i.e. this arg will be required /// unless this other argument is present). /// /// **Pro Tip:** Using [`Arg::required_unless`] implies [`Arg::required`] and is therefore not /// mandatory to also set. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::Arg; /// Arg::with_name("config") /// .required_unless("debug") /// # ; /// ``` /// /// Setting [`Arg::required_unless(name)`] requires that the argument be used at runtime /// *unless* `name` is present. In the following example, the required argument is *not* /// provided, but it's not an error because the `unless` arg has been supplied. /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::{App, Arg}; /// let res = App::new("unlesstest") /// .arg(Arg::with_name("cfg") /// .required_unless("dbg") /// .takes_value(true) /// .long("config")) /// .arg(Arg::with_name("dbg") /// .long("debug")) /// .get_matches_from_safe(vec![ /// "unlesstest", "--debug" /// ]); /// /// assert!(res.is_ok()); /// ``` /// /// Setting [`Arg::required_unless(name)`] and *not* supplying `name` or this arg is an error. /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::{App, Arg, ErrorKind}; /// let res = App::new("unlesstest") /// .arg(Arg::with_name("cfg") /// .required_unless("dbg") /// .takes_value(true) /// .long("config")) /// .arg(Arg::with_name("dbg") /// .long("debug")) /// .get_matches_from_safe(vec![ /// "unlesstest" /// ]); /// /// assert!(res.is_err()); /// assert_eq!(res.unwrap_err().kind, ErrorKind::MissingRequiredArgument); /// ``` /// [`Arg::required_unless`]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.required_unless /// [`Arg::required`]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.required /// [`Arg::required_unless(name)`]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.required_unless pub fn required_unless(mut self, name: &'a str) -> Self { if let Some(ref mut vec) = self.r_unless { vec.push(name); } else { self.r_unless = Some(vec![name]); } self.required(true) } /// Sets args that override this arg's required setting. (i.e. this arg will be required unless /// all these other arguments are present). /// /// **NOTE:** If you wish for this argument to only be required if *one of* these args are /// present see [`Arg::required_unless_one`] /// /// # Examples /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::Arg; /// Arg::with_name("config") /// .required_unless_all(&["cfg", "dbg"]) /// # ; /// ``` /// /// Setting [`Arg::required_unless_all(names)`] requires that the argument be used at runtime /// *unless* *all* the args in `names` are present. In the following example, the required /// argument is *not* provided, but it's not an error because all the `unless` args have been /// supplied. /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::{App, Arg}; /// let res = App::new("unlessall") /// .arg(Arg::with_name("cfg") /// .required_unless_all(&["dbg", "infile"]) /// .takes_value(true) /// .long("config")) /// .arg(Arg::with_name("dbg") /// .long("debug")) /// .arg(Arg::with_name("infile") /// .short("i") /// .takes_value(true)) /// .get_matches_from_safe(vec![ /// "unlessall", "--debug", "-i", "file" /// ]); /// /// assert!(res.is_ok()); /// ``` /// /// Setting [`Arg::required_unless_all(names)`] and *not* supplying *all* of `names` or this /// arg is an error. /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::{App, Arg, ErrorKind}; /// let res = App::new("unlessall") /// .arg(Arg::with_name("cfg") /// .required_unless_all(&["dbg", "infile"]) /// .takes_value(true) /// .long("config")) /// .arg(Arg::with_name("dbg") /// .long("debug")) /// .arg(Arg::with_name("infile") /// .short("i") /// .takes_value(true)) /// .get_matches_from_safe(vec![ /// "unlessall" /// ]); /// /// assert!(res.is_err()); /// assert_eq!(res.unwrap_err().kind, ErrorKind::MissingRequiredArgument); /// ``` /// [`Arg::required_unless_one`]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.required_unless_one /// [`Arg::required_unless_all(names)`]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.required_unless_all pub fn required_unless_all(mut self, names: &[&'a str]) -> Self { if let Some(ref mut vec) = self.r_unless { for s in names { vec.push(s); } } else { self.r_unless = Some(names.iter().map(|s| *s).collect::<Vec<_>>()); } self.setb(ArgSettings::RequiredUnlessAll); self.required(true) } /// Sets args that override this arg's [required] setting. (i.e. this arg will be required /// unless *at least one of* these other arguments are present). /// /// **NOTE:** If you wish for this argument to only be required if *all of* these args are /// present see [`Arg::required_unless_all`] /// /// # Examples /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::Arg; /// Arg::with_name("config") /// .required_unless_all(&["cfg", "dbg"]) /// # ; /// ``` /// /// Setting [`Arg::required_unless_one(names)`] requires that the argument be used at runtime /// *unless* *at least one of* the args in `names` are present. In the following example, the /// required argument is *not* provided, but it's not an error because one the `unless` args /// have been supplied. /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::{App, Arg}; /// let res = App::new("unlessone") /// .arg(Arg::with_name("cfg") /// .required_unless_one(&["dbg", "infile"]) /// .takes_value(true) /// .long("config")) /// .arg(Arg::with_name("dbg") /// .long("debug")) /// .arg(Arg::with_name("infile") /// .short("i") /// .takes_value(true)) /// .get_matches_from_safe(vec![ /// "unlessone", "--debug" /// ]); /// /// assert!(res.is_ok()); /// ``` /// /// Setting [`Arg::required_unless_one(names)`] and *not* supplying *at least one of* `names` /// or this arg is an error. /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::{App, Arg, ErrorKind}; /// let res = App::new("unlessone") /// .arg(Arg::with_name("cfg") /// .required_unless_one(&["dbg", "infile"]) /// .takes_value(true) /// .long("config")) /// .arg(Arg::with_name("dbg") /// .long("debug")) /// .arg(Arg::with_name("infile") /// .short("i") /// .takes_value(true)) /// .get_matches_from_safe(vec![ /// "unlessone" /// ]); /// /// assert!(res.is_err()); /// assert_eq!(res.unwrap_err().kind, ErrorKind::MissingRequiredArgument); /// ``` /// [required]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.required /// [`Arg::required_unless_one(names)`]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.required_unless_one /// [`Arg::required_unless_all`]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.required_unless_all pub fn required_unless_one(mut self, names: &[&'a str]) -> Self { if let Some(ref mut vec) = self.r_unless { for s in names { vec.push(s); } } else { self.r_unless = Some(names.iter().map(|s| *s).collect::<Vec<_>>()); } self.required(true) } /// Sets a conflicting argument by name. I.e. when using this argument, /// the following argument can't be present and vice versa. /// /// **NOTE:** Conflicting rules take precedence over being required by default. Conflict rules /// only need to be set for one of the two arguments, they do not need to be set for each. /// /// **NOTE:** Defining a conflict is two-way, but does *not* need to defined for both arguments /// (i.e. if A conflicts with B, defining A.conflicts_with(B) is sufficient. You do not need /// need to also do B.conflicts_with(A)) /// /// # Examples /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::Arg; /// Arg::with_name("config") /// .conflicts_with("debug") /// # ; /// ``` /// /// Setting conflicting argument, and having both arguments present at runtime is an error. /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::{App, Arg, ErrorKind}; /// let res = App::new("conflictions") /// .arg(Arg::with_name("cfg") /// .takes_value(true) /// .conflicts_with("debug") /// .long("config")) /// .arg(Arg::with_name("debug") /// .long("debug")) /// .get_matches_from_safe(vec![ /// "conflictions", "--debug", "--config", "file.conf" /// ]); /// /// assert!(res.is_err()); /// assert_eq!(res.unwrap_err().kind, ErrorKind::ArgumentConflict); /// ``` pub fn conflicts_with(mut self, name: &'a str) -> Self { if let Some(ref mut vec) = self.blacklist { vec.push(name); } else { self.blacklist = Some(vec![name]); } self } /// The same as [`Arg::conflicts_with`] but allows specifying multiple two-way conlicts per /// argument. /// /// **NOTE:** Conflicting rules take precedence over being required by default. Conflict rules /// only need to be set for one of the two arguments, they do not need to be set for each. /// /// **NOTE:** Defining a conflict is two-way, but does *not* need to defined for both arguments /// (i.e. if A conflicts with B, defining A.conflicts_with(B) is sufficient. You do not need /// need to also do B.conflicts_with(A)) /// /// # Examples /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::Arg; /// Arg::with_name("config") /// .conflicts_with_all(&["debug", "input"]) /// # ; /// ``` /// /// Setting conflicting argument, and having any of the arguments present at runtime with a /// conflicting argument is an error. /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::{App, Arg, ErrorKind}; /// let res = App::new("conflictions") /// .arg(Arg::with_name("cfg") /// .takes_value(true) /// .conflicts_with_all(&["debug", "input"]) /// .long("config")) /// .arg(Arg::with_name("debug") /// .long("debug")) /// .arg(Arg::with_name("input") /// .index(1)) /// .get_matches_from_safe(vec![ /// "conflictions", "--config", "file.conf", "file.txt" /// ]); /// /// assert!(res.is_err()); /// assert_eq!(res.unwrap_err().kind, ErrorKind::ArgumentConflict); /// ``` /// [`Arg::conflicts_with`]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.conflicts_with pub fn conflicts_with_all(mut self, names: &[&'a str]) -> Self { if let Some(ref mut vec) = self.blacklist { for s in names { vec.push(s); } } else { self.blacklist = Some(names.iter().map(|s| *s).collect::<Vec<_>>()); } self } /// Sets a overridable argument by name. I.e. this argument and the following argument /// will override each other in POSIX style (whichever argument was specified at runtime /// **last** "wins") /// /// **NOTE:** When an argument is overridden it is essentially as if it never was used, any /// conflicts, requirements, etc. are evaluated **after** all "overrides" have been removed /// /// # Examples /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::{App, Arg}; /// let m = App::new("posix") /// .arg(Arg::from_usage("-f, --flag 'some flag'") /// .conflicts_with("debug")) /// .arg(Arg::from_usage("-d, --debug 'other flag'")) /// .arg(Arg::from_usage("-c, --color 'third flag'") /// .overrides_with("flag")) /// .get_matches_from(vec!["posix", "-f", "-d", "-c"]); /// // ^~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~ flag is overridden by color /// /// assert!(m.is_present("color")); /// assert!(m.is_present("debug")); // even though flag conflicts with debug, it's as if flag /// // was never used because it was overridden with color /// assert!(!m.is_present("flag")); /// ``` pub fn overrides_with(mut self, name: &'a str) -> Self { if let Some(ref mut vec) = self.overrides { vec.push(name.as_ref()); } else { self.overrides = Some(vec![name.as_ref()]); } self } /// Sets multiple mutually overridable arguments by name. I.e. this argument and the following /// argument will override each other in POSIX style (whichever argument was specified at /// runtime **last** "wins") /// /// **NOTE:** When an argument is overridden it is essentially as if it never was used, any /// conflicts, requirements, etc. are evaluated **after** all "overrides" have been removed /// /// # Examples /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::{App, Arg}; /// let m = App::new("posix") /// .arg(Arg::from_usage("-f, --flag 'some flag'") /// .conflicts_with("color")) /// .arg(Arg::from_usage("-d, --debug 'other flag'")) /// .arg(Arg::from_usage("-c, --color 'third flag'") /// .overrides_with_all(&["flag", "debug"])) /// .get_matches_from(vec!["posix", "-f", "-d", "-c"]); /// // ^~~~~~^~~~~~~~~ flag and debug are overridden by color /// /// assert!(m.is_present("color")); // even though flag conflicts with color, it's as if flag /// // and debug were never used because they were overridden /// // with color /// assert!(!m.is_present("debug")); /// assert!(!m.is_present("flag")); /// ``` pub fn overrides_with_all(mut self, names: &[&'a str]) -> Self { if let Some(ref mut vec) = self.overrides { for s in names { vec.push(s); } } else { self.overrides = Some(names.iter().map(|s| *s).collect::<Vec<_>>()); } self } /// Sets an argument by name that is required when this one is present I.e. when /// using this argument, the following argument *must* be present. /// /// **NOTE:** [Conflicting] rules and [override] rules take precedence over being required /// /// # Examples /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::Arg; /// Arg::with_name("config") /// .requires("input") /// # ; /// ``` /// /// Setting [`Arg::requires(name)`] requires that the argument be used at runtime if the /// defining argument is used. If the defining argument isn't used, the other argument isn't /// required /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::{App, Arg}; /// let res = App::new("reqtest") /// .arg(Arg::with_name("cfg") /// .takes_value(true) /// .requires("input") /// .long("config")) /// .arg(Arg::with_name("input") /// .index(1)) /// .get_matches_from_safe(vec![ /// "reqtest" /// ]); /// /// assert!(res.is_ok()); // We didn't use cfg, so input wasn't required /// ``` /// /// Setting [`Arg::requires(name)`] and *not* supplying that argument is an error. /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::{App, Arg, ErrorKind}; /// let res = App::new("reqtest") /// .arg(Arg::with_name("cfg") /// .takes_value(true) /// .requires("input") /// .long("config")) /// .arg(Arg::with_name("input") /// .index(1)) /// .get_matches_from_safe(vec![ /// "reqtest", "--config", "file.conf" /// ]); /// /// assert!(res.is_err()); /// assert_eq!(res.unwrap_err().kind, ErrorKind::MissingRequiredArgument); /// ``` /// [`Arg::requires(name)`]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.requires /// [Conflicting]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.conflicts_with /// [override]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.overrides_with pub fn requires(mut self, name: &'a str) -> Self { if let Some(ref mut vec) = self.requires { vec.push(name); } else { self.requires = Some(vec![name]); } self } /// Sets multiple arguments by names that are required when this one is present I.e. when /// using this argument, the following arguments *must* be present. /// /// **NOTE:** [Conflicting] rules and [override] rules take precedence over being required /// by default. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::Arg; /// Arg::with_name("config") /// .requires_all(&["input", "output"]) /// # ; /// ``` /// /// Setting [`Arg::requires_all(&[arg, arg2])`] requires that all the arguments be used at /// runtime if the defining argument is used. If the defining argument isn't used, the other /// argument isn't required /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::{App, Arg}; /// let res = App::new("reqtest") /// .arg(Arg::with_name("cfg") /// .takes_value(true) /// .requires("input") /// .long("config")) /// .arg(Arg::with_name("input") /// .index(1)) /// .arg(Arg::with_name("output") /// .index(2)) /// .get_matches_from_safe(vec![ /// "reqtest" /// ]); /// /// assert!(res.is_ok()); // We didn't use cfg, so input and output weren't required /// ``` /// /// Setting [`Arg::requires_all(&[arg, arg2])`] and *not* supplying all the arguments is an /// error. /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::{App, Arg, ErrorKind}; /// let res = App::new("reqtest") /// .arg(Arg::with_name("cfg") /// .takes_value(true) /// .requires_all(&["input", "output"]) /// .long("config")) /// .arg(Arg::with_name("input") /// .index(1)) /// .arg(Arg::with_name("output") /// .index(2)) /// .get_matches_from_safe(vec![ /// "reqtest", "--config", "file.conf", "in.txt" /// ]); /// /// assert!(res.is_err()); /// // We didn't use output /// assert_eq!(res.unwrap_err().kind, ErrorKind::MissingRequiredArgument); /// ``` /// [Conflicting]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.conflicts_with /// [override]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.overrides_with /// [`Arg::requires_all(&[arg, arg2])`]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.requires_all pub fn requires_all(mut self, names: &[&'a str]) -> Self { if let Some(ref mut vec) = self.requires { for s in names { vec.push(s); } } else { self.requires = Some(names.into_iter().map(|s| *s).collect::<Vec<_>>()); } self } /// Specifies that the argument takes a value at run time. /// /// **NOTE:** values for arguments may be specified in any of the following methods /// /// * Using a space such as `-o value` or `--option value` /// * Using an equals and no space such as `-o=value` or `--option=value` /// * Use a short and no space such as `-ovalue` /// /// **NOTE:** By default, args which allow [multiple values] are delimited by commas, meaning /// `--option=val1,val2,val3` is three values for the `--option` argument. If you wish to /// change the delimiter to another character you can use [`Arg::value_delimiter(char)`], /// alternatively you can turn delimiting values **OFF** by using [`Arg::use_delimiter(false)`] /// /// # Examples /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::{App, Arg}; /// Arg::with_name("config") /// .takes_value(true) /// # ; /// ``` /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::{App, Arg}; /// let m = App::new("posvals") /// .arg(Arg::with_name("mode") /// .long("mode") /// .takes_value(true)) /// .get_matches_from(vec!["posvals", "--mode", "fast"]); /// /// assert!(m.is_present("mode")); /// assert_eq!(m.value_of("mode"), Some("fast")); /// ``` /// [`Arg::value_delimiter(char)`]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.value_delimiter /// [`Arg::use_delimiter(false)`]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.use_delimiter /// [multiple values]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.multiple pub fn takes_value(self, tv: bool) -> Self { if tv { self.set(ArgSettings::TakesValue) } else { self.unset(ArgSettings::TakesValue) } } /// Specifies the index of a positional argument **starting at** 1. /// /// **NOTE:** The index refers to position according to **other positional argument**. It does /// not define position in the argument list as a whole. /// /// **NOTE:** If no [`Arg::short`], or [`Arg::long`] have been defined, you can optionally /// leave off the `index` method, and the index will be assigned in order of evaluation. /// Utilizing the `index` method allows for setting indexes out of order /// /// **NOTE:** When utilized with [`Arg::multiple(true)`], only the **last** positional argument /// may be defined as multiple (i.e. with the highest index) /// /// # Panics /// /// Although not in this method directly, [`App`] will [`panic!`] if indexes are skipped (such /// as defining `index(1)` and `index(3)` but not `index(2)`, or a positional argument is /// defined as multiple and is not the highest index /// /// # Examples /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::{App, Arg}; /// Arg::with_name("config") /// .index(1) /// # ; /// ``` /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::{App, Arg}; /// let m = App::new("posvals") /// .arg(Arg::with_name("mode") /// .index(1)) /// .arg(Arg::with_name("debug") /// .long("debug")) /// .get_matches_from(vec!["posvals", "--debug", "fast"]); /// /// assert!(m.is_present("mode")); /// assert_eq!(m.value_of("mode"), Some("fast")); // notice index(1) means "first positional" /// // *not* first argument /// ``` /// [`Arg::short`]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.short /// [`Arg::long`]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.long /// [`Arg::multiple(true)`]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.multiple /// [`App`]: ./struct.App.html /// [`panic!`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/macro.panic!.html pub fn index(mut self, idx: u64) -> Self { self.index = Some(idx); self } /// Specifies that the argument may appear more than once. For flags, this results /// in the number of occurrences of the flag being recorded. For example `-ddd` or `-d -d -d` /// would count as three occurrences. For options there is a distinct difference in multiple /// occurrences vs multiple values. /// /// For example, `--opt val1 val2` is one occurrence, but two values. Whereas /// `--opt val1 --opt val2` is two occurrences. /// /// **WARNING:** /// /// Setting `multiple(true)` for an [option] with no other details, allows multiple values /// **and** multiple occurrences because it isn't possible to have more occurrences than values for /// options. Because multiple values are allowed, `--option val1 val2 val3` is perfectly valid, /// be careful when designing a CLI where positional arguments are expected after a option which /// accepts multiple values, as `clap` will continue parsing *values* until it reaches the max /// or specific number of values defined, or another flag or option. /// /// **Pro Tip**: /// /// It's possible to define an option which allows multiple occurrences, but only one value per /// occurrence. To do this use [`Arg::number_of_values(1)`] in coordination with /// [`Arg::multiple(true)`]. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::{App, Arg}; /// Arg::with_name("debug") /// .short("d") /// .multiple(true) /// # ; /// ``` /// An example with flags /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::{App, Arg}; /// let m = App::new("mults") /// .arg(Arg::with_name("verbose") /// .multiple(true) /// .short("v")) /// .get_matches_from(vec!["mults", "-v", "-v", "-v"]); // note, -vvv would have same result /// /// assert!(m.is_present("verbose")); /// assert_eq!(m.occurrences_of("verbose"), 3); /// ``` /// /// An example with options /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::{App, Arg}; /// let m = App::new("mults") /// .arg(Arg::with_name("file") /// .multiple(true) /// .takes_value(true) /// .short("F")) /// .get_matches_from(vec!["mults", "-F", "file1", "file2", "file3"]); /// /// assert!(m.is_present("file")); /// assert_eq!(m.occurrences_of("file"), 1); // notice only one occurrence /// let files: Vec<_> = m.values_of("file").unwrap().collect(); /// assert_eq!(files, ["file1", "file2", "file3"]); /// ``` /// This is functionally equivilant to the example above /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::{App, Arg}; /// let m = App::new("mults") /// .arg(Arg::with_name("file") /// .multiple(true) /// .takes_value(true) /// .short("F")) /// .get_matches_from(vec!["mults", "-F", "file1", "-F", "file2", "-F", "file3"]); /// let files: Vec<_> = m.values_of("file").unwrap().collect(); /// assert_eq!(files, ["file1", "file2", "file3"]); /// /// assert!(m.is_present("file")); /// assert_eq!(m.occurrences_of("file"), 3); // Notice 3 occurrences /// let files: Vec<_> = m.values_of("file").unwrap().collect(); /// assert_eq!(files, ["file1", "file2", "file3"]); /// ``` /// /// A common mistake is to define an option which allows multiples, and a positional argument /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::{App, Arg}; /// let m = App::new("mults") /// .arg(Arg::with_name("file") /// .multiple(true) /// .takes_value(true) /// .short("F")) /// .arg(Arg::with_name("word") /// .index(1)) /// .get_matches_from(vec!["mults", "-F", "file1", "file2", "file3", "word"]); /// /// assert!(m.is_present("file")); /// let files: Vec<_> = m.values_of("file").unwrap().collect(); /// assert_eq!(files, ["file1", "file2", "file3", "word"]); // wait...what?! /// assert!(!m.is_present("word")); // but we clearly used word! /// ``` /// The problem is clap doesn't know when to stop parsing values for "files". This is further /// compounded by if we'd said `word -F file1 file2` it would have worked fine, so it would /// appear to only fail sometimes...not good! /// /// A solution for the example above is to specify that `-F` only accepts one value, but is /// allowed to appear multiple times /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::{App, Arg}; /// let m = App::new("mults") /// .arg(Arg::with_name("file") /// .multiple(true) /// .takes_value(true) /// .number_of_values(1) /// .short("F")) /// .arg(Arg::with_name("word") /// .index(1)) /// .get_matches_from(vec!["mults", "-F", "file1", "-F", "file2", "-F", "file3", "word"]); /// /// assert!(m.is_present("file")); /// let files: Vec<_> = m.values_of("file").unwrap().collect(); /// assert_eq!(files, ["file1", "file2", "file3"]); /// assert!(m.is_present("word")); /// assert_eq!(m.value_of("word"), Some("word")); /// ``` /// As a final example, notice if we define [`Arg::number_of_values(1)`] and try to run the /// problem example above, it would have been a runtime error with a pretty message to the /// user :) /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::{App, Arg, ErrorKind}; /// let res = App::new("mults") /// .arg(Arg::with_name("file") /// .multiple(true) /// .takes_value(true) /// .number_of_values(1) /// .short("F")) /// .arg(Arg::with_name("word") /// .index(1)) /// .get_matches_from_safe(vec!["mults", "-F", "file1", "file2", "file3", "word"]); /// /// assert!(res.is_err()); /// assert_eq!(res.unwrap_err().kind, ErrorKind::UnknownArgument); /// ``` /// [option]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.takes_value /// [`Arg::number_of_values(1)`]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.number_of_values /// [`Arg::multiple(true)`]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.multiple pub fn multiple(self, multi: bool) -> Self { if multi { self.set(ArgSettings::Multiple) } else { self.unset(ArgSettings::Multiple) } } /// Specifies that an argument can be matched to all child [`SubCommand`]s. /// /// **NOTE:** Global arguments *only* propagate down, **not** up (to parent commands) /// /// **NOTE:** Global arguments *cannot* be [required]. /// /// **NOTE:** Global arguments, when matched, *only* exist in the command's matches that they /// were matched to. For example, if you defined a `--flag` global argument in the top most /// parent command, but the user supplied the arguments `top cmd1 cmd2 --flag` *only* `cmd2`'s /// [`ArgMatches`] would return `true` if tested for [`ArgMatches::is_present("flag")`]. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::{App, Arg}; /// Arg::with_name("debug") /// .short("d") /// .global(true) /// # ; /// ``` /// /// For example, assume an appliction with two subcommands, and you'd like to define a /// `--verbose` flag that can be called on any of the subcommands and parent, but you don't /// want to clutter the source with three duplicate [`Arg`] definitions. /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::{App, Arg, SubCommand}; /// let m = App::new("mults") /// .arg(Arg::with_name("verb") /// .long("verbose") /// .short("v") /// .global(true)) /// .subcommand(SubCommand::with_name("test")) /// .subcommand(SubCommand::with_name("do-stuff")) /// .get_matches_from(vec!["mults", "do-stuff", "--verbose"]); /// /// assert_eq!(m.subcommand_name(), Some("do-stuff")); /// let sub_m = m.subcommand_matches("do-stuff").unwrap(); /// assert!(sub_m.is_present("verb")); /// ``` /// [`SubCommand`]: ./struct.SubCommand.html /// [required]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.required /// [`ArgMatches`]: ./struct.ArgMatches.html /// [`ArgMatches::is_present("flag")`]: ./struct.ArgMatches.html#method.is_present /// [`Arg`]: ./struct.Arg.html pub fn global(self, g: bool) -> Self { if g { self.set(ArgSettings::Global) } else { self.unset(ArgSettings::Global) } } /// Allows an argument to accept explicitly empty values. An empty value must be specified at /// the command line with an explicit `""`, or `''` /// /// **NOTE:** Defaults to `true` (Explicitly empty values are allowed) /// /// **NOTE:** Implicitly sets [`Arg::takes_value(true)`] when set to `false` /// /// # Examples /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::{App, Arg}; /// Arg::with_name("file") /// .long("file") /// .empty_values(false) /// # ; /// ``` /// The default is to allow empty values, such as `--option ""` would be an empty value. But /// we can change to make empty values become an error. /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::{App, Arg, ErrorKind}; /// let res = App::new("evals") /// .arg(Arg::with_name("cfg") /// .long("config") /// .short("v") /// .empty_values(false)) /// .get_matches_from_safe(vec!["evals", "--config="]); /// /// assert!(res.is_err()); /// assert_eq!(res.unwrap_err().kind, ErrorKind::EmptyValue); /// ``` /// [`Arg::takes_value(true)`]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.takes_value pub fn empty_values(mut self, ev: bool) -> Self { if ev { self.set(ArgSettings::EmptyValues) } else { self = self.set(ArgSettings::TakesValue); self.unset(ArgSettings::EmptyValues) } } /// Hides an argument from help message output. /// /// **NOTE:** This does **not** hide the argument from usage strings on error /// /// # Examples /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::{App, Arg}; /// Arg::with_name("debug") /// .hidden(true) /// # ; /// ``` /// Setting `hidden(true)` will hide the argument when displaying help text /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::{App, Arg}; /// let m = App::new("helptest") /// .arg(Arg::with_name("cfg") /// .long("config") /// .hidden(true) /// .help("Some help text describing the --config arg")) /// .get_matches_from(vec![ /// "shorttest", "--help" /// ]); /// ``` /// /// The above example displays /// /// ```notrust /// helptest /// /// USAGE: /// helptest [FLAGS] /// /// FLAGS: /// -h, --help Prints help information /// -V, --version Prints version information /// ``` pub fn hidden(self, h: bool) -> Self { if h { self.set(ArgSettings::Hidden) } else { self.unset(ArgSettings::Hidden) } } /// Specifies a list of possible values for this argument. At runtime, `clap` verifies that /// only one of the specified values was used, or fails with an error message. /// /// **NOTE:** This setting only applies to [options] and [positional arguments] /// /// # Examples /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::{App, Arg}; /// Arg::with_name("mode") /// .takes_value(true) /// .possible_values(&["fast", "slow", "medium"]) /// # ; /// ``` /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::{App, Arg}; /// let m = App::new("posvals") /// .arg(Arg::with_name("mode") /// .long("mode") /// .takes_value(true) /// .possible_values(&["fast", "slow", "medium"])) /// .get_matches_from(vec!["posvals", "--mode", "fast"]); /// assert!(m.is_present("mode")); /// assert_eq!(m.value_of("mode"), Some("fast")); /// ``` /// /// The next example shows a failed parse from using a value which wasn't defined as one of the /// possible values. /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::{App, Arg, ErrorKind}; /// let res = App::new("posvals") /// .arg(Arg::with_name("mode") /// .long("mode") /// .takes_value(true) /// .possible_values(&["fast", "slow", "medium"])) /// .get_matches_from_safe(vec!["myprog", "--mode", "wrong"]); /// assert!(res.is_err()); /// assert_eq!(res.unwrap_err().kind, ErrorKind::InvalidValue); /// ``` /// [options]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.takes_value /// [positional arguments]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.index pub fn possible_values(mut self, names: &[&'b str]) -> Self { if let Some(ref mut vec) = self.possible_vals { for s in names { vec.push(s); } } else { self.possible_vals = Some(names.iter().map(|s| *s).collect::<Vec<_>>()); } self } /// Specifies a possible value for this argument, one at a time. At runtime, `clap` verifies /// that only one of the specified values was used, or fails with error message. /// /// **NOTE:** This setting only applies to [options] and [positional arguments] /// /// # Examples /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::{App, Arg}; /// Arg::with_name("mode") /// .takes_value(true) /// .possible_value("fast") /// .possible_value("slow") /// .possible_value("medium") /// # ; /// ``` /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::{App, Arg}; /// let m = App::new("posvals") /// .arg(Arg::with_name("mode") /// .long("mode") /// .takes_value(true) /// .possible_value("fast") /// .possible_value("slow") /// .possible_value("medium")) /// .get_matches_from(vec!["posvals", "--mode", "fast"]); /// assert!(m.is_present("mode")); /// assert_eq!(m.value_of("mode"), Some("fast")); /// ``` /// /// The next example shows a failed parse from using a value which wasn't defined as one of the /// possible values. /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::{App, Arg, ErrorKind}; /// let res = App::new("posvals") /// .arg(Arg::with_name("mode") /// .long("mode") /// .takes_value(true) /// .possible_value("fast") /// .possible_value("slow") /// .possible_value("medium")) /// .get_matches_from_safe(vec!["myprog", "--mode", "wrong"]); /// assert!(res.is_err()); /// assert_eq!(res.unwrap_err().kind, ErrorKind::InvalidValue); /// ``` /// [options]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.takes_value /// [positional arguments]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.index pub fn possible_value(mut self, name: &'b str) -> Self { if let Some(ref mut vec) = self.possible_vals { vec.push(name); } else { self.possible_vals = Some(vec![name]); } self } /// Specifies the name of the [`ArgGroup`] the argument belongs to. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::{App, Arg}; /// Arg::with_name("debug") /// .long("debug") /// .group("mode") /// # ; /// ``` /// /// Multiple arguments can be a member of a single group and then the group checked as if it /// was one of said arguments. /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::{App, Arg}; /// let m = App::new("groups") /// .arg(Arg::with_name("debug") /// .long("debug") /// .group("mode")) /// .arg(Arg::with_name("verbose") /// .long("verbose") /// .group("mode")) /// .get_matches_from(vec!["posvals", "--debug"]); /// assert!(m.is_present("mode")); /// ``` /// [`ArgGroup`]: ./struct.ArgGroup.html pub fn group(mut self, name: &'a str) -> Self { if let Some(ref mut vec) = self.requires { vec.push(name); } else { self.group = Some(vec![name]); } self } /// Specifies the names of multiple [`ArgGroup`]'s the argument belongs to. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::{App, Arg}; /// Arg::with_name("debug") /// .long("debug") /// .groups(&["mode", "verbosity"]) /// # ; /// ``` /// /// Arguments can be members of multiple groups and then the group checked as if it /// was one of said arguments. /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::{App, Arg}; /// let m = App::new("groups") /// .arg(Arg::with_name("debug") /// .long("debug") /// .groups(&["mode", "verbosity"])) /// .arg(Arg::with_name("verbose") /// .long("verbose") /// .groups(&["mode", "verbosity"])) /// .get_matches_from(vec!["posvals", "--debug"]); /// assert!(m.is_present("mode")); /// assert!(m.is_present("verbosity")); /// ``` /// [`ArgGroup`]: ./struct.ArgGroup.html pub fn groups(mut self, names: &[&'a str]) -> Self { if let Some(ref mut vec) = self.group { for s in names { vec.push(s); } } else { self.group = Some(names.into_iter().map(|s| *s).collect::<Vec<_>>()); } self } /// Specifies how many values are required to satisfy this argument. For example, if you had a /// `-f <file>` argument where you wanted exactly 3 'files' you would set /// `.number_of_values(3)`, and this argument wouldn't be satisfied unless the user provided /// 3 and only 3 values. /// /// **NOTE:** Does *not* require [`Arg::multiple(true)`] to be set. Setting /// [`Arg::multiple(true)`] would allow `-f <file> <file> <file> -f <file> <file> <file>` where /// as *not* setting [`Arg::multiple(true)`] would only allow one occurrence of this argument. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::{App, Arg}; /// Arg::with_name("file") /// .short("f") /// .number_of_values(3) /// # ; /// ``` /// /// Not supplying the correct number of values is an error /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::{App, Arg, ErrorKind}; /// let res = App::new("numvals") /// .arg(Arg::with_name("file") /// .takes_value(true) /// .number_of_values(2) /// .short("F")) /// .get_matches_from_safe(vec!["mults", "-F", "file1"]); /// /// assert!(res.is_err()); /// assert_eq!(res.unwrap_err().kind, ErrorKind::WrongNumberOfValues); /// ``` /// [`Arg::multiple(true)`]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.multiple pub fn number_of_values(mut self, qty: u64) -> Self { self.num_vals = Some(qty); self } /// Allows one to perform a custom validation on the argument value. You provide a closure /// which accepts a [`String`] value, and return a [`Result`] where the [`Err(String)`] is a /// message displayed to the user. /// /// **NOTE:** The error message does *not* need to contain the `error:` portion, only the /// message. /// /// **NOTE:** There is a small performance hit for using validators, as they are implemented /// with [`Rc`] pointers. And the value to be checked will be allocated an extra time in order /// to to be passed to the closure. This performance hit is extremely minimal in the grand /// scheme of things. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::{App, Arg}; /// fn has_at(v: String) -> Result<(), String> { /// if v.contains("@") { return Ok(()); } /// Err(String::from("The value did not contain the required @ sigil")) /// } /// let res = App::new("validators") /// .arg(Arg::with_name("file") /// .index(1) /// .validator(has_at)) /// .get_matches_from_safe(vec![ /// "validators", "some@file" /// ]); /// assert!(res.is_ok()); /// assert_eq!(res.unwrap().value_of("file"), Some("some@file")); /// ``` /// [`String`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/struct.String.html /// [`Result`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/result/enum.Result.html /// [`Err(String)`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/result/enum.Result.html#variant.Err /// [`Rc`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Rc.html pub fn validator<F>(mut self, f: F) -> Self where F: Fn(String) -> Result<(), String> + 'static { self.validator = Some(Rc::new(f)); self } /// Specifies the *maximum* number of values are for this argument. For example, if you had a /// `-f <file>` argument where you wanted up to 3 'files' you would set `.max_values(3)`, and /// this argument would be satisfied if the user provided, 1, 2, or 3 values. /// /// **NOTE:** This does *not* implicitly set [`Arg::multiple(true)`]. This is because /// `-o val -o val` is multiple occurrences but a single value and `-o val1 val2` is a single /// occurence with multple values. For positional arguments this **does** set /// [`Arg::multiple(true)`] because there is no way to determine the difference between multiple /// occurences and multiple values. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::{App, Arg}; /// Arg::with_name("file") /// .short("f") /// .max_values(3) /// # ; /// ``` /// /// Supplying less than the maximum number of values is allowed /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::{App, Arg}; /// let res = App::new("numvals") /// .arg(Arg::with_name("file") /// .takes_value(true) /// .max_values(3) /// .short("F")) /// .get_matches_from_safe(vec!["mults", "-F", "file1", "file2"]); /// /// assert!(res.is_ok()); /// let m = res.unwrap(); /// let files: Vec<_> = m.values_of("file").unwrap().collect(); /// assert_eq!(files, ["file1", "file2"]); /// ``` /// /// Supplying more than the maximum number of values is an error /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::{App, Arg, ErrorKind}; /// let res = App::new("numvals") /// .arg(Arg::with_name("file") /// .takes_value(true) /// .max_values(2) /// .short("F")) /// .get_matches_from_safe(vec!["mults", "-F", "file1", "file2", "file3"]); /// /// assert!(res.is_err()); /// assert_eq!(res.unwrap_err().kind, ErrorKind::TooManyValues); /// ``` /// [`Arg::multiple(true)`]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.multiple pub fn max_values(mut self, qty: u64) -> Self { self.max_vals = Some(qty); self } /// Specifies the *minimum* number of values for this argument. For example, if you had a /// `-f <file>` argument where you wanted at least 2 'files' you would set /// `.min_values(2)`, and this argument would be satisfied if the user provided, 2 or more /// values. /// /// **NOTE:** This does not implicitly set [`Arg::multiple(true)`]. This is because /// `-o val -o val` is multiple occurrences but a single value and `-o val1 val2` is a single /// occurence with multiple values. For positional arguments this **does** set /// [`Arg::multiple(true)`] because there is no way to determine the difference between multiple /// occurences and multiple values. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::{App, Arg}; /// Arg::with_name("file") /// .short("f") /// .min_values(3) /// # ; /// ``` /// /// Supplying more than the minimum number of values is allowed /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::{App, Arg}; /// let res = App::new("numvals") /// .arg(Arg::with_name("file") /// .takes_value(true) /// .min_values(2) /// .short("F")) /// .get_matches_from_safe(vec!["mults", "-F", "file1", "file2", "file3"]); /// /// assert!(res.is_ok()); /// let m = res.unwrap(); /// let files: Vec<_> = m.values_of("file").unwrap().collect(); /// assert_eq!(files, ["file1", "file2", "file3"]); /// ``` /// /// Supplying less than the minimum number of values is an error /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::{App, Arg, ErrorKind}; /// let res = App::new("numvals") /// .arg(Arg::with_name("file") /// .takes_value(true) /// .min_values(2) /// .short("F")) /// .get_matches_from_safe(vec!["mults", "-F", "file1"]); /// /// assert!(res.is_err()); /// assert_eq!(res.unwrap_err().kind, ErrorKind::TooFewValues); /// ``` /// [`Arg::multiple(true)`]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.multiple pub fn min_values(mut self, qty: u64) -> Self { self.min_vals = Some(qty); self.set(ArgSettings::TakesValue) } /// Specifies whether or not an argument should allow grouping of multiple values via a /// delimiter. I.e. should `--option=val1,val2,val3` be parsed as three values (`val1`, `val2`, /// and `val3`) or as a single value (`val1,val2,val3`). Defaults to using `,` (comma) as the /// value delimiter for all arguments that accept values (options and positional arguments) /// /// **NOTE:** The default is `true`. Setting the value to `true` will reset any previous use of /// [`Arg::value_delimiter`] back to the default of `,` (comma). /// /// # Examples /// /// The following example shows the default behavior. /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::{App, Arg}; /// let delims = App::new("delims") /// .arg(Arg::with_name("option") /// .long("option") /// .takes_value(true)) /// .get_matches_from(vec![ /// "delims", /// "--option=val1,val2,val3", /// ]); /// /// assert!(delims.is_present("option")); /// assert_eq!(delims.occurrences_of("option"), 1); /// assert_eq!(delims.values_of("option").unwrap().collect::<Vec<_>>(), ["val1", "val2", "val3"]); /// ``` /// The next example shows the difference when turning delimiters off. /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::{App, Arg}; /// let nodelims = App::new("nodelims") /// .arg(Arg::with_name("option") /// .long("option") /// .use_delimiter(false) /// .takes_value(true)) /// .get_matches_from(vec![ /// "nodelims", /// "--option=val1,val2,val3", /// ]); /// /// assert!(nodelims.is_present("option")); /// assert_eq!(nodelims.occurrences_of("option"), 1); /// assert_eq!(nodelims.value_of("option").unwrap(), "val1,val2,val3"); /// ``` /// [`Arg::value_delimiter`]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.value_delimiter pub fn use_delimiter(mut self, d: bool) -> Self { if d { self.val_delim = Some(','); self.set(ArgSettings::UseValueDelimiter) } else { self.val_delim = None; self.unset(ArgSettings::UseValueDelimiter) } } /// Specifies the separator to use when values are clumped together, defaults to `,` (comma). /// /// **NOTE:** implicitly sets [`Arg::use_delimiter(true)`] /// /// **NOTE:** implicitly sets [`Arg::takes_value(true)`] /// /// # Examples /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::{App, Arg}; /// let app = App::new("fake") /// .arg(Arg::with_name("config") /// .short("c") /// .long("config") /// .value_delimiter(";")); /// /// let m = app.get_matches_from(vec![ /// "fake", "--config=val1;val2;val3" /// ]); /// /// assert_eq!(m.values_of("config").unwrap().collect::<Vec<_>>(), ["val1", "val2", "val3"]) /// ``` /// [`Arg::use_delimiter(true)`]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.use_delimiter /// [`Arg::takes_value(true)`]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.takes_value pub fn value_delimiter(mut self, d: &str) -> Self { self = self.set(ArgSettings::TakesValue); self = self.set(ArgSettings::UseValueDelimiter); self.val_delim = Some(d.chars() .nth(0) .expect("Failed to get value_delimiter from arg")); self } /// Specify multiple names for values of option arguments. These names are cosmetic only, used /// for help and usage strings only. The names are **not** used to access arguments. The values /// of the arguments are accessed in numeric order (i.e. if you specify two names `one` and /// `two` `one` will be the first matched value, `two` will be the second). /// /// This setting can be very helpful when describing the type of input the user should be /// using, such as `FILE`, `INTERFACE`, etc. Although not required, it's somewhat convention to /// use all capital letters for the value name. /// /// **Pro Tip:** It may help to use [`Arg::next_line_help(true)`] if there are long, or /// multiple value names in order to not throw off the help text alignment of all options. /// /// **NOTE:** This implicitly sets [`Arg::number_of_values`] if the number of value names is /// greater than one. I.e. be aware that the number of "names" you set for the values, will be /// the *exact* number of values required to satisfy this argument /// /// **NOTE:** implicitly sets [`Arg::takes_value(true)`] /// /// **NOTE:** Does *not* require or imply [`Arg::multiple(true)`]. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::{App, Arg}; /// Arg::with_name("speed") /// .short("s") /// .value_names(&["fast", "slow"]) /// # ; /// ``` /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::{App, Arg}; /// let app = App::new("valnames") /// .arg(Arg::with_name("io") /// .long("io-files") /// .value_names(&["INFILE", "OUTFILE"])) /// .get_matches_from(vec![ /// "valnames", "--help" /// ]); /// ``` /// Running the above program produces the following output /// /// ```notrust /// valnames /// /// USAGE: /// valnames [FLAGS] [OPTIONS] /// /// FLAGS: /// -h, --help Prints help information /// -V, --version Prints version information /// /// OPTIONS: /// --io-files <INFILE> <OUTFILE> Some help text /// ``` /// [`Arg::next_line_help(true)`]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.next_line_help /// [`Arg::number_of_values`]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.number_of_values /// [`Arg::takes_value(true)`]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.takes_value /// [`Arg::multiple(true)`]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.multiple pub fn value_names(mut self, names: &[&'b str]) -> Self { self.setb(ArgSettings::TakesValue); if let Some(ref mut vals) = self.val_names { let mut l = vals.len(); for s in names { vals.insert(l, s); l += 1; } } else { let mut vm = VecMap::new(); for (i, n) in names.iter().enumerate() { vm.insert(i, *n); } self.val_names = Some(vm); } self } /// Specifies the name for value of [option] or [positional] arguments inside of help /// documentation. This name is cosmetic only, the name is **not** used to access arguments. /// This setting can be very helpful when describing the type of input the user should be /// using, such as `FILE`, `INTERFACE`, etc. Although not required, it's somewhat convention to /// use all capital letters for the value name. /// /// **NOTE:** implicitly sets [`Arg::takes_value(true)`] /// /// # Examples /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::{App, Arg}; /// Arg::with_name("cfg") /// .long("config") /// .value_name("FILE") /// # ; /// ``` /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::{App, Arg}; /// let app = App::new("valnames") /// .arg(Arg::with_name("config") /// .long("config") /// .value_name("FILE")) /// .get_matches_from(vec![ /// "valnames", "--help" /// ]); /// ``` /// Running the above program produces the following output /// /// ```notrust /// valnames /// /// USAGE: /// valnames [FLAGS] [OPTIONS] /// /// FLAGS: /// -h, --help Prints help information /// -V, --version Prints version information /// /// OPTIONS: /// --config <FILE> Some help text /// ``` /// [option]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.takes_value /// [positional]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.index /// [`Arg::takes_value(true)`]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.takes_value pub fn value_name(mut self, name: &'b str) -> Self { self.setb(ArgSettings::TakesValue); if let Some(ref mut vals) = self.val_names { let l = vals.len(); vals.insert(l, name); } else { let mut vm = VecMap::new(); vm.insert(0, name); self.val_names = Some(vm); } self } /// Specifies the value of the argument when *not* specified at runtime. /// /// **NOTE:** If the user *does not* use this argument at runtime, [`ArgMatches::occurrences_of`] /// will return `0` even though the [`ArgMatches::value_of`] will return the default specified. /// /// **NOTE:** If the user *does not* use this argument at runtime [`ArgMatches::is_present`] will /// still return `true`. If you wish to determine whether the argument was used at runtime or /// not, consider [`ArgMatches::occurrences_of`] which will return `0` if the argument was *not* /// used at runtmie. /// /// **NOTE:** This implicitly sets [`Arg::takes_value(true)`]. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::{App, Arg}; /// let m = App::new("defvals") /// .arg(Arg::with_name("opt") /// .long("myopt") /// .default_value("myval")) /// .get_matches_from(vec![ /// "defvals" /// ]); /// /// assert_eq!(m.value_of("opt"), Some("myval")); /// assert!(m.is_present("opt")); /// assert_eq!(m.occurrences_of("opt"), 0); /// ``` /// [`ArgMatches::occurrences_of`]: /struct.ArgMatches.html#method.occurrences_of /// [`ArgMatches::value_of`]: ./struct.ArgMatches.html#method.value_of /// [`Arg::takes_value(true)`]: /struct.Arg.html#method.takes_value /// [`ArgMatches::is_present`]: /struct.ArgMatches.html#method.is_present pub fn default_value(mut self, val: &'a str) -> Self { self.setb(ArgSettings::TakesValue); self.default_val = Some(val); self } /// When set to `true` the help string will be displayed on the line after the argument and /// indented once. This can be helpful for arguments with very long or complex help messages. /// This can also be helpful for arguments with very long flag names, or many/long value names. /// /// **NOTE:** To apply this setting to all arguments consider using /// [`AppSettings::NextLineHelp`] /// /// # Examples /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::{App, Arg}; /// let m = App::new("nlh") /// .arg(Arg::with_name("opt") /// .long("long-option-flag") /// .short("o") /// .takes_value(true) /// .value_names(&["value1", "value2"]) /// .help("Some really long help and complex{n}\ /// help that makes more sense to be{n}\ /// on a line after the option") /// .next_line_help(true)) /// .get_matches_from(vec![ /// "nlh", "--help" /// ]); /// ``` /// /// The above example displays the following help message /// /// ```notrust /// nlh /// /// USAGE: /// nlh [FLAGS] [OPTIONS] /// /// FLAGS: /// -h, --help Prints help information /// -V, --version Prints version information /// /// OPTIONS: /// -o, --long-option-flag <value1> <value2> /// Some really long help and complex /// help that makes more sense to be /// on a line after the option /// ``` /// [`AppSettings::NextLineHelp`]: ./enum.AppSettings.html#variant.NextLineHelp pub fn next_line_help(mut self, nlh: bool) -> Self { if nlh { self.setb(ArgSettings::NextLineHelp); } else { self.unsetb(ArgSettings::NextLineHelp); } self } /// Allows custom ordering of args within the help message. Args with a lower value will be /// displayed first in the help message. This is helpful when one would like to emphasise /// frequently used args, or prioritize those towards the top of the list. Duplicate values /// **are** allowed. Args with duplicate display orders will be displayed in alphabetical /// order. /// /// **NOTE:** The default is 999 for all arguments. /// /// **NOTE:** This setting is ignored for [positional arguments] which are always displayed in /// [index] order. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::{App, Arg}; /// let m = App::new("cust-ord") /// .arg(Arg::with_name("a") // Typically args are grouped alphabetically by name. /// // Args without a display_order have a value of 999 and are /// // displayed alphabetically with all other 999 valued args. /// .long("long-option") /// .short("o") /// .takes_value(true) /// .help("Some help and text")) /// .arg(Arg::with_name("b") /// .long("other-option") /// .short("O") /// .takes_value(true) /// .display_order(1) // In order to force this arg to appear *first* /// // all we have to do is give it a value lower than 999. /// // Any other args with a value of 1 will be displayed /// // alphabetically with this one...then 2 values, then 3, etc. /// .help("I should be first!")) /// .get_matches_from(vec![ /// "cust-ord", "--help" /// ]); /// ``` /// /// The above example displays the following help message /// /// ```notrust /// cust-ord /// /// USAGE: /// cust-ord [FLAGS] [OPTIONS] /// /// FLAGS: /// -h, --help Prints help information /// -V, --version Prints version information /// /// OPTIONS: /// -O, --other-option <b> I should be first! /// -o, --long-option <a> Some help and text /// ``` /// [positional arguments]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.index /// [index]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.index pub fn display_order(mut self, ord: usize) -> Self { self.disp_ord = ord; self } /// Checks if one of the [`ArgSettings`] settings is set for the argument /// [`ArgSettings`]: ./enum.ArgSettings.html pub fn is_set(&self, s: ArgSettings) -> bool { self.settings.is_set(s) } /// Sets one of the [`ArgSettings`] settings for the argument /// [`ArgSettings`]: ./enum.ArgSettings.html pub fn set(mut self, s: ArgSettings) -> Self { self.setb(s); self } /// Unsets one of the [`ArgSettings`] settings for the argument /// [`ArgSettings`]: ./enum.ArgSettings.html pub fn unset(mut self, s: ArgSettings) -> Self { self.unsetb(s); self } #[doc(hidden)] pub fn setb(&mut self, s: ArgSettings) { self.settings.set(s); } #[doc(hidden)] pub fn unsetb(&mut self, s: ArgSettings) { self.settings.unset(s); } } impl<'a, 'b, 'z> From<&'z Arg<'a, 'b>> for Arg<'a, 'b> { fn from(a: &'z Arg<'a, 'b>) -> Self { Arg { name: a.name, short: a.short, long: a.long, help: a.help, index: a.index, possible_vals: a.possible_vals.clone(), blacklist: a.blacklist.clone(), requires: a.requires.clone(), num_vals: a.num_vals, min_vals: a.min_vals, max_vals: a.max_vals, val_names: a.val_names.clone(), group: a.group.clone(), validator: a.validator.clone(), overrides: a.overrides.clone(), settings: a.settings, val_delim: a.val_delim, default_val: a.default_val, disp_ord: a.disp_ord, r_unless: a.r_unless.clone(), } } } impl<'a, 'b> Clone for Arg<'a, 'b> { fn clone(&self) -> Self { Arg { name: self.name, short: self.short, long: self.long, help: self.help, index: self.index, possible_vals: self.possible_vals.clone(), blacklist: self.blacklist.clone(), requires: self.requires.clone(), num_vals: self.num_vals, min_vals: self.min_vals, max_vals: self.max_vals, val_names: self.val_names.clone(), group: self.group.clone(), validator: self.validator.clone(), overrides: self.overrides.clone(), settings: self.settings, val_delim: self.val_delim, default_val: self.default_val, disp_ord: self.disp_ord, r_unless: self.r_unless.clone(), } } }