cedar_policy_core/authorizer/

partial_response.rs

/*
 * Copyright Cedar Contributors
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

use std::collections::HashMap;

use either::Either;
use std::sync::Arc;

use super::{
    Annotations, AuthorizationError, Decision, Effect, EntityUIDEntry, Expr, Policy, Request,
    Response,
};
use crate::{ast::PolicyID, evaluator::EvaluationError};

#[cfg(feature = "partial-eval")]
use smol_str::SmolStr;

#[cfg(feature = "partial-eval")]
use crate::{entities::Entities, evaluator::Evaluator};

#[cfg(feature = "partial-eval")]
use super::{
    err::{ConcretizationError, ReauthorizationError},
    Authorizer, Context, PolicySet, PolicySetError, Value,
};

type PolicyComponents<'a> = (Effect, &'a PolicyID, &'a Arc<Expr>, &'a Arc<Annotations>);

/// Enum representing whether a policy is not satisfied due to
/// evaluating to `false`, or because it errored.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
pub enum ErrorState {
    /// The policy did not error
    NoError,
    /// The policy did error
    Error,
}

/// A partially evaluated authorization response.
/// Splits the results into several categories: satisfied, false, and residual for each policy effect.
/// Also tracks all the errors that were encountered during evaluation.
/// This structure currently has to own all of the `PolicyID` objects due to the [`Self::reauthorize`]
/// method. If [`PolicySet`] could borrow its PolicyID/contents then this whole structured could be borrowed.
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct PartialResponse {
    /// All of the [`Effect::Permit`] policies that were satisfied
    pub satisfied_permits: HashMap<PolicyID, Arc<Annotations>>,
    /// All of the [`Effect::Permit`] policies that were not satisfied
    pub false_permits: HashMap<PolicyID, (ErrorState, Arc<Annotations>)>,
    /// All of the [`Effect::Permit`] policies that evaluated to a residual
    pub residual_permits: HashMap<PolicyID, (Arc<Expr>, Arc<Annotations>)>,
    /// All of the [`Effect::Forbid`] policies that were satisfied
    pub satisfied_forbids: HashMap<PolicyID, Arc<Annotations>>,
    /// All of the [`Effect::Forbid`] policies that were not satisfied
    pub false_forbids: HashMap<PolicyID, (ErrorState, Arc<Annotations>)>,
    /// All of the [`Effect::Forbid`] policies that evaluated to a residual
    pub residual_forbids: HashMap<PolicyID, (Arc<Expr>, Arc<Annotations>)>,
    /// All of the policy errors encountered during evaluation
    pub errors: Vec<AuthorizationError>,
    /// The trivial `true` expression, used for materializing a residual for satisfied policies
    true_expr: Arc<Expr>,
    /// The trivial `false` expression, used for materializing a residual for non-satisfied policies
    false_expr: Arc<Expr>,
    /// The request associated with the partial response
    #[cfg(feature = "partial-eval")]
    request: Arc<Request>,
}

impl PartialResponse {
    /// Create a partial response from each of the policy result categories
    #[expect(
        clippy::too_many_arguments,
        reason = "maybe in the future we could group these arguments into single-use structs"
    )]
    pub fn new(
        true_permits: impl IntoIterator<Item = (PolicyID, Arc<Annotations>)>,
        false_permits: impl IntoIterator<Item = (PolicyID, (ErrorState, Arc<Annotations>))>,
        residual_permits: impl IntoIterator<Item = (PolicyID, (Arc<Expr>, Arc<Annotations>))>,
        true_forbids: impl IntoIterator<Item = (PolicyID, Arc<Annotations>)>,
        false_forbids: impl IntoIterator<Item = (PolicyID, (ErrorState, Arc<Annotations>))>,
        residual_forbids: impl IntoIterator<Item = (PolicyID, (Arc<Expr>, Arc<Annotations>))>,
        errors: impl IntoIterator<Item = AuthorizationError>,
        _request: Arc<Request>,
    ) -> Self {
        Self {
            satisfied_permits: true_permits.into_iter().collect(),
            false_permits: false_permits.into_iter().collect(),
            residual_permits: residual_permits.into_iter().collect(),
            satisfied_forbids: true_forbids.into_iter().collect(),
            false_forbids: false_forbids.into_iter().collect(),
            residual_forbids: residual_forbids.into_iter().collect(),
            errors: errors.into_iter().collect(),
            true_expr: Arc::new(Expr::val(true)),
            false_expr: Arc::new(Expr::val(false)),
            #[cfg(feature = "partial-eval")]
            request: _request,
        }
    }

    /// Convert this response into a concrete evaluation response.
    /// All residuals are treated as errors
    pub fn concretize(self) -> Response {
        self.into()
    }

    /// Attempt to reach a partial decision; the presence of residuals may result in returning [`None`],
    /// indicating that a decision could not be reached given the unknowns
    pub fn decision(&self) -> Option<Decision> {
        match (
            !self.satisfied_forbids.is_empty(),
            !self.satisfied_permits.is_empty(),
            !self.residual_permits.is_empty(),
            !self.residual_forbids.is_empty(),
        ) {
            // Any true forbids means we will deny
            (true, _, _, _) => Some(Decision::Deny),
            // No potentially or trivially true permits, means we default deny
            (_, false, false, _) => Some(Decision::Deny),
            // Potentially true forbids, means we can't know (as that forbid may evaluate to true, overriding any permits)
            (false, _, _, true) => None,
            // No true permits, but some potentially true permits + no true/potentially true forbids means we don't know
            (false, false, true, false) => None,
            // At least one trivially true permit, and no trivially or possible true forbids, means we allow
            (false, true, _, false) => Some(Decision::Allow),
        }
    }

    /// All of the [`Effect::Permit`] policies that were known to be satisfied
    fn definitely_satisfied_permits(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = Policy> + '_ {
        self.satisfied_permits.iter().map(|(id, annotations)| {
            construct_policy((Effect::Permit, id, &self.true_expr, annotations))
        })
    }

    /// All of the [`Effect::Forbid`] policies that were known to be satisfied
    fn definitely_satisfied_forbids(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = Policy> + '_ {
        self.satisfied_forbids.iter().map(|(id, annotations)| {
            construct_policy((Effect::Forbid, id, &self.true_expr, annotations))
        })
    }

    /// Returns the set of [`PolicyID`]s that were definitely satisfied -- both permits and forbids
    pub fn definitely_satisfied(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = Policy> + '_ {
        self.definitely_satisfied_permits()
            .chain(self.definitely_satisfied_forbids())
    }

    /// Returns the set of [`PolicyID`]s that encountered errors
    pub fn definitely_errored(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &PolicyID> {
        self.false_permits
            .iter()
            .chain(self.false_forbids.iter())
            .filter_map(did_error)
    }

    /// Returns an over-approximation of the set of determining policies.
    ///
    /// This is all policies that may be determining for any substitution of the unknowns.
    pub fn may_be_determining(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = Policy> + '_ {
        if self.satisfied_forbids.is_empty() {
            // We have no definitely true forbids, so the over approx is everything that is true or potentially true
            Either::Left(
                self.definitely_satisfied_permits()
                    .chain(self.residual_permits())
                    .chain(self.residual_forbids()),
            )
        } else {
            // We have definitely true forbids, so we know only things that can determine is
            // true forbids and potentially true forbids
            Either::Right(
                self.definitely_satisfied_forbids()
                    .chain(self.residual_forbids()),
            )
        }
    }

    fn residual_permits(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = Policy> + '_ {
        self.residual_permits
            .iter()
            .map(|(id, (expr, annotations))| {
                construct_policy((Effect::Permit, id, expr, annotations))
            })
    }

    fn residual_forbids(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = Policy> + '_ {
        self.residual_forbids
            .iter()
            .map(|(id, (expr, annotations))| {
                construct_policy((Effect::Forbid, id, expr, annotations))
            })
    }

    /// Returns an under-approximation of the set of determining policies.
    ///
    /// This is all policies that must be determining for all possible substitutions of the unknowns.
    pub fn must_be_determining(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = Policy> + '_ {
        // If there are no true forbids or potentially true forbids,
        // then the under approximation is the true permits
        if self.satisfied_forbids.is_empty() && self.residual_forbids.is_empty() {
            Either::Left(self.definitely_satisfied_permits())
        } else {
            // Otherwise it's the true forbids
            Either::Right(self.definitely_satisfied_forbids())
        }
    }

    /// Returns the set of non-trivial (meaning more than just `true` or `false`) residuals expressions
    pub fn nontrivial_residuals(&'_ self) -> impl Iterator<Item = Policy> + '_ {
        self.nontrivial_permits().chain(self.nontrivial_forbids())
    }

    /// Returns the set of ids of non-trivial (meaning more than just `true` or `false`) residuals expressions
    pub fn nontrivial_residual_ids(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &PolicyID> {
        self.residual_permits
            .keys()
            .chain(self.residual_forbids.keys())
    }

    /// Returns the set of non-trivial (meaning more than just `true` or `false`) residuals expressions from [`Effect::Permit`]
    fn nontrivial_permits(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = Policy> + '_ {
        self.residual_permits
            .iter()
            .map(|(id, (expr, annotations))| {
                construct_policy((Effect::Permit, id, expr, annotations))
            })
    }

    /// Returns the set of non-trivial (meaning more than just `true` or `false`) residuals expressions from [`Effect::Forbid`]
    pub fn nontrivial_forbids(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = Policy> + '_ {
        self.residual_forbids
            .iter()
            .map(|(id, (expr, annotations))| {
                construct_policy((Effect::Forbid, id, expr, annotations))
            })
    }

    /// Returns every policy residual, including trivial ones
    pub fn all_residuals(&'_ self) -> impl Iterator<Item = Policy> + '_ {
        self.all_permit_residuals()
            .chain(self.all_forbid_residuals())
            .map(construct_policy)
    }

    /// Returns all residuals expressions that come from [`Effect::Permit`] policies
    fn all_permit_residuals(&'_ self) -> impl Iterator<Item = PolicyComponents<'_>> {
        let trues = self
            .satisfied_permits
            .iter()
            .map(|(id, a)| (id, (&self.true_expr, a)));
        let falses = self
            .false_permits
            .iter()
            .map(|(id, (_, a))| (id, (&self.false_expr, a)));
        let nontrivial = self
            .residual_permits
            .iter()
            .map(|(id, (r, a))| (id, (r, a)));
        trues
            .chain(falses)
            .chain(nontrivial)
            .map(|(id, (r, a))| (Effect::Permit, id, r, a))
    }

    /// Returns all residuals expressions that come from [`Effect::Forbid`] policies
    fn all_forbid_residuals(&'_ self) -> impl Iterator<Item = PolicyComponents<'_>> {
        let trues = self
            .satisfied_forbids
            .iter()
            .map(|(id, a)| (id, (&self.true_expr, a)));
        let falses = self
            .false_forbids
            .iter()
            .map(|(id, (_, a))| (id, (&self.false_expr, a)));
        let nontrivial = self
            .residual_forbids
            .iter()
            .map(|(id, (r, a))| (id, (r, a)));
        trues
            .chain(falses)
            .chain(nontrivial)
            .map(|(id, (r, a))| (Effect::Forbid, id, r, a))
    }

    /// Return the residual for a given [`PolicyID`], if it exists in the response
    pub fn get(&self, id: &PolicyID) -> Option<Policy> {
        self.get_permit(id).or_else(|| self.get_forbid(id))
    }

    fn get_permit(&self, id: &PolicyID) -> Option<Policy> {
        self.residual_permits
            .get(id)
            .map(|(a, b)| (a, b))
            .or_else(|| self.satisfied_permits.get(id).map(|a| (&self.true_expr, a)))
            .or_else(|| {
                self.false_permits
                    .get(id)
                    .map(|(_, a)| (&self.false_expr, a))
            })
            .map(|(expr, a)| construct_policy((Effect::Permit, id, expr, a)))
    }

    fn get_forbid(&self, id: &PolicyID) -> Option<Policy> {
        self.residual_forbids
            .get(id)
            .map(|(a, b)| (a, b))
            .or_else(|| self.satisfied_forbids.get(id).map(|a| (&self.true_expr, a)))
            .or_else(|| {
                self.false_forbids
                    .get(id)
                    .map(|(_, a)| (&self.false_expr, a))
            })
            .map(|(expr, a)| construct_policy((Effect::Forbid, id, expr, a)))
    }

    /// Attempt to re-authorize this response given a mapping from unknowns to values
    #[cfg(feature = "partial-eval")]
    pub fn reauthorize(
        &self,
        mapping: &HashMap<SmolStr, Value>,
        auth: &Authorizer,
        es: &Entities,
    ) -> Result<Self, ReauthorizationError> {
        let policyset = self.all_residual_policies()?;
        let new_request = self.concretize_request(mapping)?;
        // Although this function takes a HashMap, keep the internal mapping function generic
        let unknowns_mapper =
            |unknown_name: &str| -> Option<Value> { mapping.get(unknown_name).cloned() };
        // Construct an evaluator resolving these specific unknown mappings
        let eval = Evaluator::new(new_request.clone(), es, auth.extensions)
            .with_unknowns_mapper(Box::new(unknowns_mapper));
        Ok(auth.is_authorized_core_internal(&eval, new_request, &policyset))
    }

    #[cfg(feature = "partial-eval")]
    fn all_residual_policies(&self) -> Result<PolicySet, PolicySetError> {
        PolicySet::try_from_iter(
            self.all_permit_residuals()
                .chain(self.all_forbid_residuals())
                .map(|(effect, id, expr, annotations)| {
                    Policy::from_when_clause_annos(
                        effect,
                        expr.clone(),
                        id.clone(),
                        expr.source_loc().cloned(),
                        annotations.clone(),
                    )
                }),
        )
    }

    #[cfg(feature = "partial-eval")]
    fn concretize_request(
        &self,
        mapping: &HashMap<SmolStr, Value>,
    ) -> Result<Request, ConcretizationError> {
        let mut context = self.request.context.clone();

        let principal = self.request.principal().concretize("principal", mapping)?;

        let action = self.request.action.concretize("action", mapping)?;

        let resource = self.request.resource.concretize("resource", mapping)?;

        if let Some((key, val)) = mapping.get_key_value("context") {
            if let Ok(attrs) = val.get_as_record() {
                match self.request.context() {
                    Some(ctx) => {
                        return Err(ConcretizationError::VarConfictError {
                            id: key.to_owned(),
                            existing_value: ctx.clone().into(),
                            given_value: val.clone(),
                        });
                    }
                    None => context = Some(Context::Value(attrs.clone())),
                }
            } else {
                return Err(ConcretizationError::ValueError {
                    id: key.to_owned(),
                    expected_type: "record",
                    given_value: val.to_owned(),
                });
            }
        }

        // We need to replace unknowns in the partial context as well
        context = context
            .map(|context| context.substitute(mapping))
            .transpose()?;

        Ok(Request {
            principal,
            action,
            resource,
            context,
        })
    }

    fn errors(self) -> impl Iterator<Item = AuthorizationError> {
        self.residual_forbids
            .into_iter()
            .chain(self.residual_permits)
            .map(
                |(id, (expr, _))| AuthorizationError::PolicyEvaluationError {
                    id,
                    error: EvaluationError::non_value(expr.as_ref().clone()),
                },
            )
            .chain(self.errors)
            .collect::<Vec<_>>()
            .into_iter()
    }
}

impl EntityUIDEntry {
    #[cfg(feature = "partial-eval")]
    fn concretize(
        &self,
        key: &str,
        mapping: &HashMap<SmolStr, Value>,
    ) -> Result<Self, ConcretizationError> {
        if let Some(val) = mapping.get(key) {
            if let Ok(uid) = val.get_as_entity() {
                match self {
                    EntityUIDEntry::Known { euid, .. } => {
                        Err(ConcretizationError::VarConfictError {
                            id: key.into(),
                            existing_value: euid.as_ref().clone().into(),
                            given_value: val.clone(),
                        })
                    }
                    EntityUIDEntry::Unknown { ty: None, .. } => {
                        Ok(EntityUIDEntry::known(uid.clone(), None))
                    }
                    EntityUIDEntry::Unknown {
                        ty: Some(type_of_unknown),
                        ..
                    } => {
                        if type_of_unknown == uid.entity_type() {
                            Ok(EntityUIDEntry::known(uid.clone(), None))
                        } else {
                            Err(ConcretizationError::EntityTypeConfictError {
                                id: key.into(),
                                existing_value: type_of_unknown.clone(),
                                given_value: val.to_owned(),
                            })
                        }
                    }
                }
            } else {
                Err(ConcretizationError::ValueError {
                    id: key.into(),
                    expected_type: "entity",
                    given_value: val.to_owned(),
                })
            }
        } else {
            Ok(self.clone())
        }
    }
}

impl From<PartialResponse> for Response {
    fn from(p: PartialResponse) -> Self {
        let decision = if !p.satisfied_permits.is_empty() && p.satisfied_forbids.is_empty() {
            Decision::Allow
        } else {
            Decision::Deny
        };
        Response::new(
            decision,
            p.must_be_determining().map(|p| p.id().clone()).collect(),
            p.errors().collect(),
        )
    }
}

/// Build a policy from a policy components
fn construct_policy((effect, id, expr, annotations): PolicyComponents<'_>) -> Policy {
    Policy::from_when_clause_annos(
        effect,
        expr.clone(),
        id.clone(),
        expr.source_loc().cloned(),
        (*annotations).clone(),
    )
}

/// Checks if a given residual record did error, returning the [`PolicyID`] if it did
fn did_error<'a>(
    (id, (state, _)): (&'a PolicyID, &'_ (ErrorState, Arc<Annotations>)),
) -> Option<&'a PolicyID> {
    match *state {
        ErrorState::NoError => None,
        ErrorState::Error => Some(id),
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod test {
    use std::{
        collections::HashSet,
        iter::{empty, once},
    };

    // An extremely slow and bad set, but it only requires that the contents be [`PartialEq`]
    // Using this because I don't want to enforce an output order on the tests, but policies can't easily be Hash or Ord
    #[derive(Debug, Default)]
    struct SlowSet<T> {
        contents: Vec<T>,
    }

    impl<T: PartialEq> SlowSet<T> {
        pub fn from(iter: impl IntoIterator<Item = T>) -> Self {
            let mut contents = vec![];
            for item in iter.into_iter() {
                if !contents.contains(&item) {
                    contents.push(item)
                }
            }
            Self { contents }
        }

        pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
            self.contents.len()
        }

        pub fn contains(&self, item: &T) -> bool {
            self.contents.contains(item)
        }
    }

    impl<T: PartialEq> PartialEq for SlowSet<T> {
        fn eq(&self, rhs: &Self) -> bool {
            if self.len() == rhs.len() {
                self.contents.iter().all(|item| rhs.contains(item))
            } else {
                false
            }
        }
    }

    impl<T: PartialEq> FromIterator<T> for SlowSet<T> {
        fn from_iter<I>(iter: I) -> Self
        where
            I: IntoIterator<Item = T>,
        {
            Self::from(iter)
        }
    }

    use crate::authorizer::{ActionConstraint, Context, PrincipalConstraint, ResourceConstraint};

    #[cfg(feature = "partial-eval")]
    use crate::{
        authorizer::{EntityUID, RestrictedExpr, Unknown},
        extensions::Extensions,
        parser::parse_policyset,
        FromNormalizedStr,
    };

    use super::*;

    #[test]
    fn sanity_check() {
        let empty_annotations: Arc<Annotations> = Arc::default();
        let one_plus_two = Arc::new(Expr::add(Expr::val(1), Expr::val(2)));
        let three_plus_four = Arc::new(Expr::add(Expr::val(3), Expr::val(4)));
        let a = once((PolicyID::from_string("a"), empty_annotations.clone()));
        let bc = [
            (
                PolicyID::from_string("b"),
                (ErrorState::Error, empty_annotations.clone()),
            ),
            (
                PolicyID::from_string("c"),
                (ErrorState::NoError, empty_annotations.clone()),
            ),
        ];
        let d = once((
            PolicyID::from_string("d"),
            (one_plus_two.clone(), empty_annotations.clone()),
        ));
        let e = once((PolicyID::from_string("e"), empty_annotations.clone()));
        let fg = [
            (
                PolicyID::from_string("f"),
                (ErrorState::Error, empty_annotations.clone()),
            ),
            (
                PolicyID::from_string("g"),
                (ErrorState::NoError, empty_annotations.clone()),
            ),
        ];
        let h = once((
            PolicyID::from_string("h"),
            (three_plus_four.clone(), empty_annotations),
        ));
        let errs = empty();
        let pr = PartialResponse::new(
            a,
            bc,
            d,
            e,
            fg,
            h,
            errs,
            Arc::new(Request::new_unchecked(
                EntityUIDEntry::unknown(),
                EntityUIDEntry::unknown(),
                EntityUIDEntry::unknown(),
                Some(Context::empty()),
            )),
        );

        let a = Policy::from_when_clause(
            Effect::Permit,
            Expr::val(true),
            PolicyID::from_string("a"),
            None,
        );
        let b = Policy::from_when_clause(
            Effect::Permit,
            Expr::val(false),
            PolicyID::from_string("b"),
            None,
        );
        let c = Policy::from_when_clause(
            Effect::Permit,
            Expr::val(false),
            PolicyID::from_string("c"),
            None,
        );
        let d = Policy::from_when_clause_annos(
            Effect::Permit,
            one_plus_two,
            PolicyID::from_string("d"),
            None,
            Arc::default(),
        );
        let e = Policy::from_when_clause(
            Effect::Forbid,
            Expr::val(true),
            PolicyID::from_string("e"),
            None,
        );
        let f = Policy::from_when_clause(
            Effect::Forbid,
            Expr::val(false),
            PolicyID::from_string("f"),
            None,
        );
        let g = Policy::from_when_clause(
            Effect::Forbid,
            Expr::val(false),
            PolicyID::from_string("g"),
            None,
        );
        let h = Policy::from_when_clause_annos(
            Effect::Forbid,
            three_plus_four,
            PolicyID::from_string("h"),
            None,
            Arc::default(),
        );

        assert_eq!(
            pr.definitely_satisfied_permits().collect::<SlowSet<_>>(),
            SlowSet::from([a.clone()])
        );
        assert_eq!(
            pr.definitely_satisfied_forbids().collect::<SlowSet<_>>(),
            SlowSet::from([e.clone()])
        );
        assert_eq!(
            pr.definitely_satisfied().collect::<SlowSet<_>>(),
            SlowSet::from([a.clone(), e.clone()])
        );
        assert_eq!(
            pr.definitely_errored().collect::<HashSet<_>>(),
            HashSet::from([&PolicyID::from_string("b"), &PolicyID::from_string("f")])
        );
        assert_eq!(
            pr.may_be_determining().collect::<SlowSet<_>>(),
            SlowSet::from([e.clone(), h.clone()])
        );
        assert_eq!(
            pr.must_be_determining().collect::<SlowSet<_>>(),
            SlowSet::from([e.clone()])
        );
        assert_eq!(pr.nontrivial_residuals().count(), 2);

        assert_eq!(
            pr.nontrivial_residuals().collect::<SlowSet<_>>(),
            SlowSet::from([d.clone(), h.clone()])
        );
        assert_eq!(
            pr.all_residuals().collect::<SlowSet<_>>(),
            SlowSet::from([&a, &b, &c, &d, &e, &f, &g, &h].into_iter().cloned())
        );
        assert_eq!(
            pr.nontrivial_residual_ids().collect::<HashSet<_>>(),
            HashSet::from([&PolicyID::from_string("d"), &PolicyID::from_string("h")])
        );

        assert_eq!(pr.get(&PolicyID::from_string("a")), Some(a));
        assert_eq!(pr.get(&PolicyID::from_string("b")), Some(b));
        assert_eq!(pr.get(&PolicyID::from_string("c")), Some(c));
        assert_eq!(pr.get(&PolicyID::from_string("d")), Some(d));
        assert_eq!(pr.get(&PolicyID::from_string("e")), Some(e));
        assert_eq!(pr.get(&PolicyID::from_string("f")), Some(f));
        assert_eq!(pr.get(&PolicyID::from_string("g")), Some(g));
        assert_eq!(pr.get(&PolicyID::from_string("h")), Some(h));
        assert_eq!(pr.get(&PolicyID::from_string("i")), None);
    }

    #[test]
    fn build_policies_trivial_permit() {
        let e = Arc::new(Expr::add(Expr::val(1), Expr::val(2)));
        let id = PolicyID::from_string("foo");
        let p = construct_policy((Effect::Permit, &id, &e, &Arc::default()));
        assert_eq!(p.effect(), Effect::Permit);
        assert!(p.annotations().next().is_none());
        assert_eq!(p.action_constraint(), &ActionConstraint::Any);
        assert_eq!(p.principal_constraint(), PrincipalConstraint::any());
        assert_eq!(p.resource_constraint(), ResourceConstraint::any());
        assert_eq!(p.id(), &id);
        assert_eq!(p.non_scope_constraints(), Some(e.as_ref()));
    }

    #[test]
    fn build_policies_trivial_forbid() {
        let e = Arc::new(Expr::add(Expr::val(1), Expr::val(2)));
        let id = PolicyID::from_string("foo");
        let p = construct_policy((Effect::Forbid, &id, &e, &Arc::default()));
        assert_eq!(p.effect(), Effect::Forbid);
        assert!(p.annotations().next().is_none());
        assert_eq!(p.action_constraint(), &ActionConstraint::Any);
        assert_eq!(p.principal_constraint(), PrincipalConstraint::any());
        assert_eq!(p.resource_constraint(), ResourceConstraint::any());
        assert_eq!(p.id(), &id);
        assert_eq!(p.non_scope_constraints(), Some(e.as_ref()));
    }

    #[test]
    fn did_error_error() {
        assert_eq!(
            did_error((
                &PolicyID::from_string("foo"),
                &(ErrorState::Error, Arc::default())
            )),
            Some(&PolicyID::from_string("foo"))
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn did_error_noerror() {
        assert_eq!(
            did_error((
                &PolicyID::from_string("foo"),
                &(ErrorState::NoError, Arc::default())
            )),
            None,
        );
    }

    #[test]
    #[cfg(feature = "partial-eval")]
    fn reauthorize() {
        let policies = parse_policyset(
            r#"
            permit(principal, action, resource) when {
                principal == NS::"a" && resource == NS::"b"
            };
            forbid(principal, action, resource) when {
                context.c && context.d == 10
            };
        "#,
        )
        .unwrap();

        let context_unknown = Context::from_pairs(
            [
                (
                    "c".into(),
                    RestrictedExpr::unknown(Unknown::new_untyped("c")),
                ),
                (
                    "d".into(),
                    RestrictedExpr::unknown(Unknown::new_untyped("d")),
                ),
            ],
            Extensions::all_available(),
        )
        .unwrap();

        let partial_request = Request {
            principal: EntityUIDEntry::known(r#"NS::"a""#.parse().unwrap(), None),
            action: EntityUIDEntry::unknown(),
            resource: EntityUIDEntry::unknown(),
            context: Some(context_unknown),
        };

        let entities = Entities::new();

        let authorizer = Authorizer::new();
        let partial_response = authorizer.is_authorized_core(partial_request, &policies, &entities);

        let response_with_concrete_resource = partial_response
            .reauthorize(
                &HashMap::from([(
                    "resource".into(),
                    EntityUID::from_normalized_str(r#"NS::"b""#).unwrap().into(),
                )]),
                &authorizer,
                &entities,
            )
            .unwrap();

        assert_eq!(
            response_with_concrete_resource
                .get(&PolicyID::from_string("policy0"))
                .map(|p| p.effect()),
            Some(Effect::Permit)
        );

        let response_with_concrete_context_attr = response_with_concrete_resource
            .reauthorize(
                &HashMap::from([("c".into(), true.into()), ("d".into(), 10.into())]),
                &authorizer,
                &entities,
            )
            .unwrap();

        // Expected result, as the presence of context.c == true && context.d == 10 makes the deny policy apply
        assert_eq!(
            response_with_concrete_context_attr.decision(),
            Some(Decision::Deny)
        );
    }
}