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// Copyright (C) 2023 Matthew Waters <matthew@centricular.com>
//
// Licensed under the MIT license <LICENSE-MIT> or
// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your option. This file may not be
// copied, modified, or distributed except according to those terms.
//! # cdp-types
//!
//! Provides the necessary infrastructure to read and write CDP (Caption Distribution Packet)
//!
//! The reference for this implementation is the `SMPTE 334-2-2007` specification.
#[macro_use]
extern crate log;
/// Various possible errors when parsing data
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum ParserError {
/// The length of the data does not match the length in the data
LengthMismatch {
/// Expected minimum size of the data
expected: usize,
/// The actual length of the data
actual: usize,
},
/// Some magic byte/s do not have the correct value
WrongMagic,
/// Unrecognied framerate value
UnknownFramerate,
/// Some 'fixed' bits did not have the correct value
InvalidFixedBits,
/// CEA-608 bytes were found after CEA-708 bytes
Cea608AfterCea708,
/// Failed to validate the checksum
ChecksumFailed,
/// Sequence count differs between the header and the footer. Usuall indicates this packet was
/// spliced together incorrectly.
SequenceCountMismatch,
}
impl From<cea708_types::ParserError> for ParserError {
fn from(value: cea708_types::ParserError) -> Self {
match value {
cea708_types::ParserError::Cea608AfterCea708 { byte_pos: _ } => {
ParserError::Cea608AfterCea708
}
cea708_types::ParserError::LengthMismatch { expected, actual } => {
ParserError::LengthMismatch { expected, actual }
}
}
}
}
impl std::fmt::Display for ParserError {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
f.pad(&format!("{self:?}"))
}
}
/// An error enum returned when writing data fails
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum WriterError {
/// Writing would overflow by how many bytes
WouldOverflow(usize),
/// It is not possible to write to this resource
ReadOnly,
}
static FRAMERATES: [Framerate; 8] = [
Framerate {
id: 0x1,
numer: 24000,
denom: 1001,
},
Framerate {
id: 0x2,
numer: 24,
denom: 1,
},
Framerate {
id: 0x3,
numer: 25,
denom: 1,
},
Framerate {
id: 0x4,
numer: 30000,
denom: 1001,
},
Framerate {
id: 0x5,
numer: 30,
denom: 1,
},
Framerate {
id: 0x6,
numer: 50,
denom: 1,
},
Framerate {
id: 0x7,
numer: 60000,
denom: 1001,
},
Framerate {
id: 0x8,
numer: 60,
denom: 1,
},
];
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct Framerate {
id: u8,
numer: u32,
denom: u32,
}
impl Framerate {
pub fn from_id(id: u8) -> Option<Framerate> {
FRAMERATES.iter().find(|f| f.id == id).copied()
}
pub fn id(&self) -> u8 {
self.id
}
pub fn numer(&self) -> u32 {
self.numer
}
pub fn denom(&self) -> u32 {
self.denom
}
}
pub struct Flags {
time_code: bool,
cc_data: bool,
svc_info: bool,
svc_info_start: bool,
svc_info_change: bool,
svc_info_complete: bool,
caption_service_active: bool,
_reserved: bool,
}
impl Flags {
const TIME_CODE_PRESENT: u8 = 0x80;
const CC_DATA_PRESENT: u8 = 0x40;
const SVC_INFO_PRESENT: u8 = 0x20;
const SVC_INFO_START: u8 = 0x10;
const SVC_INFO_CHANGE: u8 = 0x08;
const SVC_INFO_COMPLETE: u8 = 0x04;
const CAPTION_SERVICE_ACTIVE: u8 = 0x02;
}
impl From<u8> for Flags {
fn from(value: u8) -> Self {
Self {
time_code: (value & Self::TIME_CODE_PRESENT) > 0,
cc_data: (value & Self::CC_DATA_PRESENT) > 0,
svc_info: (value & Self::SVC_INFO_PRESENT) > 0,
svc_info_start: (value & Self::SVC_INFO_START) > 0,
svc_info_change: (value & Self::SVC_INFO_CHANGE) > 0,
svc_info_complete: (value & Self::SVC_INFO_COMPLETE) > 0,
caption_service_active: (value & Self::CAPTION_SERVICE_ACTIVE) > 0,
_reserved: (value & 0x01) > 0,
}
}
}
impl From<Flags> for u8 {
fn from(value: Flags) -> Self {
let mut ret = 0x1;
if value.time_code {
ret |= Flags::TIME_CODE_PRESENT;
}
if value.cc_data {
ret |= Flags::CC_DATA_PRESENT;
}
if value.svc_info {
ret |= Flags::SVC_INFO_PRESENT;
}
if value.svc_info_start {
ret |= Flags::SVC_INFO_START;
}
if value.svc_info_change {
ret |= Flags::SVC_INFO_CHANGE;
}
if value.svc_info_complete {
ret |= Flags::SVC_INFO_COMPLETE;
}
if value.caption_service_active {
ret |= Flags::CAPTION_SERVICE_ACTIVE;
}
ret
}
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct TimeCode {
hours: u8,
minutes: u8,
seconds: u8,
frames: u8,
field: u8,
drop_frame: bool,
}
#[derive(Debug, Default)]
pub struct CDPParser {
cc_data_parser: cea708_types::CCDataParser,
time_code: Option<TimeCode>,
framerate: Option<Framerate>,
sequence: u16,
}
impl CDPParser {
const MIN_PACKET_LEN: usize = 11;
const TIME_CODE_ID: u8 = 0x71;
const CC_DATA_ID: u8 = 0x72;
const SVC_INFO_ID: u8 = 0x73;
const CDP_FOOTER_ID: u8 = 0x74;
/// Create a new [CDPParser]
pub fn new() -> Self {
Self::default()
}
/// Push a complete `CDP` packet into the parser for processing.
pub fn parse(&mut self, data: &[u8]) -> Result<(), ParserError> {
self.time_code = None;
self.framerate = None;
self.sequence = 0;
trace!("parsing {data:?}");
if data.len() < Self::MIN_PACKET_LEN {
return Err(ParserError::LengthMismatch {
expected: Self::MIN_PACKET_LEN,
actual: data.len(),
});
}
if (data[0], data[1]) != (0x96, 0x69) {
return Err(ParserError::WrongMagic);
}
let len = data[2] as usize;
if data.len() != len {
return Err(ParserError::LengthMismatch {
expected: len,
actual: data.len(),
});
}
let framerate =
Framerate::from_id((data[3] & 0xf0) >> 4).ok_or(ParserError::UnknownFramerate)?;
let flags: Flags = data[4].into();
let sequence_count = (data[5] as u16) << 8 | data[6] as u16;
let mut idx = 7;
let time_code = if flags.time_code {
trace!("attempting to parse time code");
if data.len() < idx + 5 {
return Err(ParserError::LengthMismatch {
expected: idx + 5,
actual: data.len(),
});
}
if data[idx] != Self::TIME_CODE_ID {
return Err(ParserError::WrongMagic);
}
idx += 1;
if (data[idx] & 0xc0) != 0xc0 {
return Err(ParserError::InvalidFixedBits);
}
let hours = ((data[idx] & 0x30) >> 4) * 10 + (data[idx] & 0x0f);
idx += 1;
if (data[idx] & 0x80) != 0x80 {
return Err(ParserError::InvalidFixedBits);
}
let minutes = ((data[idx] & 0x70) >> 4) * 10 + (data[idx] & 0x0f);
idx += 1;
let field = (data[idx] & 0x80) >> 7;
let seconds = ((data[idx] & 0x70) >> 4) * 10 + (data[idx] & 0x0f);
idx += 1;
let drop_frame = (data[idx] & 0x80) > 0;
if (data[idx] & 0x40) != 0x00 {
return Err(ParserError::InvalidFixedBits);
}
let frames = ((data[idx] & 0x30) >> 4) * 10 + (data[idx] & 0x0f);
idx += 1;
Some(TimeCode {
hours,
minutes,
seconds,
frames,
field,
drop_frame,
})
} else {
None
};
let cc_data = if flags.cc_data {
trace!("attempting to parse cc_data");
if data.len() < idx + 2 {
return Err(ParserError::LengthMismatch {
expected: idx + 2,
actual: data.len(),
});
}
if data[idx] != Self::CC_DATA_ID {
return Err(ParserError::WrongMagic);
}
idx += 1;
if (data[idx] & 0xe0) != 0xe0 {
return Err(ParserError::InvalidFixedBits);
}
let cc_count = (data[idx] & 0x1f) as usize;
idx += 1;
if data.len() < idx + cc_count * 3 {
return Err(ParserError::LengthMismatch {
expected: idx + cc_count * 3,
actual: data.len(),
});
}
let mut cc_data = vec![0x80 | 0x40 | cc_count as u8, 0xFF];
cc_data.extend_from_slice(&data[idx..idx + cc_count * 3]);
idx += cc_count * 3;
Some(cc_data)
} else {
None
};
if flags.svc_info {
trace!("attempting to parse svc info");
if data.len() < idx + 2 {
return Err(ParserError::LengthMismatch {
expected: idx + 2,
actual: data.len(),
});
}
if data[idx] != Self::SVC_INFO_ID {
return Err(ParserError::WrongMagic);
}
idx += 1;
let svc_count = data[idx] & 0x0f;
idx += 1;
if data.len() < idx + 7 * svc_count as usize {
return Err(ParserError::LengthMismatch {
expected: idx + 7 * svc_count as usize,
actual: data.len(),
});
}
// TODO: handle svc_info
idx += 7 * svc_count as usize;
}
if data.len() < idx + 2 {
return Err(ParserError::LengthMismatch {
expected: idx + 2,
actual: data.len(),
});
}
// future section handling
while data[idx] != Self::CDP_FOOTER_ID {
trace!("attempting to parse future section");
if data[idx] < 0x75 || data[idx] > 0xEF {
return Err(ParserError::WrongMagic);
}
idx += 1;
let len = data[idx] as usize;
if data.len() < idx + len {
return Err(ParserError::LengthMismatch {
expected: idx + len,
actual: data.len(),
});
}
idx += 1;
// TODO: handle future_section
idx += len;
if data.len() < idx + 2 {
return Err(ParserError::LengthMismatch {
expected: idx + 2,
actual: data.len(),
});
}
}
// handle cdp footer
trace!("attempting to parse footer");
if data.len() < idx + 4 {
return Err(ParserError::LengthMismatch {
expected: idx + 4,
actual: data.len(),
});
}
if data[idx] != Self::CDP_FOOTER_ID {
return Err(ParserError::WrongMagic);
}
idx += 1;
let footer_sequence_count = (data[idx] as u16) << 8 | data[idx + 1] as u16;
if sequence_count != footer_sequence_count {
return Err(ParserError::SequenceCountMismatch);
}
idx += 2;
let mut checksum: u8 = 0;
for d in data[..data.len() - 1].iter() {
checksum = checksum.wrapping_add(*d);
}
// 256 - checksum without having to use a type larger than u8
let checksum_byte = (!checksum).wrapping_add(1);
trace!(
"calculate checksum {checksum_byte:#x}, checksum in data {:#x}",
data[idx]
);
if checksum_byte != data[idx] {
return Err(ParserError::ChecksumFailed);
}
if let Some(cc_data) = cc_data {
self.cc_data_parser.push(&cc_data)?;
}
self.framerate = Some(framerate);
self.time_code = time_code;
self.sequence = sequence_count;
Ok(())
}
/// Clear any internal buffers
pub fn flush(&mut self) {
*self = Self::default();
}
pub fn time_code(&self) -> Option<TimeCode> {
self.time_code
}
pub fn framerate(&self) -> Option<Framerate> {
self.framerate
}
pub fn sequence(&self) -> u16 {
self.sequence
}
/// Pop a valid [`cea708_types::DTVCCPacket`] or None if no packet could be parsed
pub fn pop_packet(&mut self) -> Option<cea708_types::DTVCCPacket> {
self.cc_data_parser.pop_packet()
}
pub fn cea608(&mut self) -> Option<&[cea708_types::Cea608]> {
self.cc_data_parser.cea608()
}
}
/// A struct for writing cc_data packets
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct CDPWriter {
cc_data: cea708_types::CCDataWriter,
time_code: Option<TimeCode>,
frame_rate: Framerate,
sequence_count: u16,
}
impl CDPWriter {
pub fn new(frame_rate: Framerate) -> Self {
Self {
cc_data: cea708_types::CCDataWriter::default(),
time_code: None,
frame_rate,
sequence_count: 0,
}
}
/// Push a [`cea708_types::DTVCCPacket`] for writing
pub fn push_packet(&mut self, packet: cea708_types::DTVCCPacket) {
self.cc_data.push_packet(packet)
}
/// Push a [`cea708_types::Cea608`] byte pair for writing
pub fn push_cea608(&mut self, cea608: cea708_types::Cea608) {
self.cc_data.push_cea608(cea608)
}
pub fn set_time_code(&mut self, time_code: Option<TimeCode>) {
self.time_code = time_code;
}
/// Set the next packet's sequence count to a specific value
pub fn set_sequence_count(&mut self, sequence: u16) {
self.sequence_count = sequence;
}
/// Clear all stored data
pub fn flush(&mut self) {
self.cc_data.flush();
self.time_code = None;
self.sequence_count = 0;
}
/// Write the next CDP packet taking the next relevant CEA-608 byte pairs and
/// [`cea708_types::DTVCCPacket`]s.
pub fn write<W: std::io::Write>(&mut self, w: &mut W) -> Result<(), std::io::Error> {
let mut len = 7; // header
if self.time_code.is_some() {
len += 5;
}
let mut cc_data = Vec::new();
self.cc_data.write(
cea708_types::Framerate::new(self.frame_rate.numer(), self.frame_rate.denom()),
&mut cc_data,
)?;
cc_data[1] = 0xe0 | (cc_data[0] & 0x1f);
cc_data[0] = 0x72;
len += cc_data.len();
len += 4; // footer
assert!(len <= u8::MAX as usize);
let mut flags = Flags::CC_DATA_PRESENT | 0x1;
if self.time_code.is_some() {
flags |= Flags::TIME_CODE_PRESENT;
}
let mut checksum: u8 = 0;
let data = [
0x96,
0x69,
(len & 0xff) as u8,
self.frame_rate.id << 4 | 0x0f,
flags,
((self.sequence_count & 0xff00) >> 8) as u8,
(self.sequence_count & 0xff) as u8,
];
for v in data.iter() {
checksum = checksum.wrapping_add(*v);
}
w.write_all(&data)?;
if let Some(time_code) = self.time_code {
let data = [
0x71,
0xc0 | ((time_code.hours / 10) << 4) | (time_code.hours % 10),
0x80 | ((time_code.minutes / 10) << 4) | (time_code.minutes % 10),
((time_code.field & 0x1) << 7)
| ((time_code.seconds / 10) << 4)
| (time_code.seconds % 10),
if time_code.drop_frame { 0x80 } else { 0x0 }
| ((time_code.frames / 10) << 4)
| (time_code.frames % 10),
];
for v in data.iter() {
checksum = checksum.wrapping_add(*v);
}
w.write_all(&data)?;
}
for v in cc_data.iter() {
checksum = checksum.wrapping_add(*v);
}
w.write_all(&cc_data)?;
let data = [
0x74,
((self.sequence_count & 0xff00) >> 8) as u8,
(self.sequence_count & 0xff) as u8,
];
for v in data.iter() {
checksum = checksum.wrapping_add(*v);
}
w.write_all(&data)?;
// 256 - checksum without having to use a type larger than u8
let checksum_byte = (!checksum).wrapping_add(1);
debug_assert!(checksum_byte == ((256 - checksum as u16) as u8));
w.write_all(&[checksum_byte])?;
Ok(())
}
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod test {
use super::*;
use crate::tests::*;
use cea708_types::{tables, Cea608, DTVCCPacket, Service};
#[derive(Debug)]
struct ServiceData<'a> {
service_no: u8,
codes: &'a [tables::Code],
}
#[derive(Debug)]
struct CCPacketData<'a> {
sequence_no: u8,
services: &'a [ServiceData<'a>],
}
#[derive(Debug)]
struct CDPPacketData<'a> {
data: &'a [u8],
sequence_count: u16,
time_code: Option<TimeCode>,
packets: &'a [CCPacketData<'a>],
cea608: &'a [Cea608],
}
#[derive(Debug)]
struct TestCCData<'a> {
framerate: Framerate,
cdp_data: &'a [CDPPacketData<'a>],
}
static PARSE_CDP: [TestCCData; 4] = [
// simple packet with cc_data and a time code
TestCCData {
framerate: FRAMERATES[2],
cdp_data: &[CDPPacketData {
data: &[
0x96, // magic
0x69,
0x18, // cdp_len
0x3f, // framerate
0x80 | 0x40 | 0x01, // flags
0x12, // sequence counter
0x34,
0x71, // time code id
0xc0 | 0x17, // hours
0x80 | 0x59, // minutes
0x80 | 0x57, // seconds
0x80 | 0x18, // frames
0x72, // cc_data id
0xe0 | 0x02, // cc_count
0xFF,
0x02,
0x21,
0xFE,
0x41,
0x00,
0x74, // cdp footer
0x12,
0x34,
0xA4, // checksum
],
sequence_count: 0x1234,
time_code: Some(TimeCode {
hours: 17,
minutes: 59,
seconds: 57,
frames: 18,
field: 1,
drop_frame: true,
}),
packets: &[CCPacketData {
sequence_no: 0,
services: &[ServiceData {
service_no: 1,
codes: &[tables::Code::LatinCapitalA],
}],
}],
cea608: &[],
}],
},
// simple packet with no time code
TestCCData {
framerate: FRAMERATES[2],
cdp_data: &[CDPPacketData {
data: &[
0x96, // magic
0x69,
0x13, // cdp_len
0x3f, // framerate
0x40 | 0x01, // flags
0x12, // sequence counter
0x34,
0x72, // cc_data id
0xe0 | 0x02, // cc_count
0xFF,
0x02,
0x21,
0xFE,
0x41,
0x00,
0x74, // cdp footer
0x12,
0x34,
0xB9, // checksum
],
sequence_count: 0x1234,
time_code: None,
packets: &[CCPacketData {
sequence_no: 0,
services: &[ServiceData {
service_no: 1,
codes: &[tables::Code::LatinCapitalA],
}],
}],
cea608: &[],
}],
},
// simple packet with svc_info (that is currently ignored)
TestCCData {
framerate: FRAMERATES[2],
cdp_data: &[CDPPacketData {
data: &[
0x96, // magic
0x69,
0x14, // cdp_len
0x3f, // framerate
0x20 | 0x01, // flags
0x12, // sequence counter
0x34,
0x73, // svc_info id
0x80 | 0x40 | 0x10 | 0x01,
0x80 | 0x01,
0x01,
0x02,
0x03,
0x04,
0x05,
0x06,
0x74, // cdp footer
0x12,
0x34,
0xB3, // checksum
],
sequence_count: 0x1234,
time_code: None,
packets: &[],
cea608: &[],
}],
},
// simple packet with future section (that is currently ignored)
TestCCData {
framerate: FRAMERATES[2],
cdp_data: &[CDPPacketData {
data: &[
0x96, // magic
0x69, 0x0F, // cdp_len
0x3f, // framerate
0x01, // flags
0x12, // sequence counter
0x34, 0x75, // svc_info id
0x02, 0x45, 0x67, 0x74, // cdp footer
0x12, 0x34, 0x8F, // checksum
],
sequence_count: 0x1234,
time_code: None,
packets: &[],
cea608: &[],
}],
},
];
#[test]
fn cdp_parse() {
test_init_log();
for (i, test_data) in PARSE_CDP.iter().enumerate() {
info!("parsing {i}: {test_data:?}");
let mut parser = CDPParser::new();
for cdp in test_data.cdp_data.iter() {
parser.parse(cdp.data).unwrap();
assert_eq!(parser.time_code(), cdp.time_code);
assert_eq!(parser.sequence(), cdp.sequence_count);
assert_eq!(parser.framerate(), Some(test_data.framerate));
let mut expected_packet_iter = cdp.packets.iter();
while let Some(packet) = parser.pop_packet() {
let expected = expected_packet_iter.next().unwrap();
assert_eq!(expected.sequence_no, packet.sequence_no());
let services = packet.services();
let mut expected_service_iter = expected.services.iter();
for parsed_service in services.iter() {
let expected_service = expected_service_iter.next().unwrap();
assert_eq!(parsed_service.number(), expected_service.service_no);
assert_eq!(expected_service.codes, parsed_service.codes());
}
assert!(expected_service_iter.next().is_none());
}
assert_eq!(parser.cea608().unwrap_or(&[]), cdp.cea608);
assert!(expected_packet_iter.next().is_none());
}
assert!(parser.pop_packet().is_none());
}
}
static WRITE_CDP: [TestCCData; 2] = [
// simple packet with a single service and single code
TestCCData {
framerate: FRAMERATES[2],
cdp_data: &[CDPPacketData {
data: &[
0x96,
0x69, // magic
0x18, // cdp_len
0x3f, //framerate
0x80 | 0x40 | 0x01, // flags
0x12,
0x34, // sequence counter
0x71, // time code id
0xc0 | 0x17, // hours
0x80 | 0x59, // minutes
0x80 | 0x57, // seconds
0x80 | 0x18, // frames
0x72, // cc_data id
0xe0 | 0x02,
0xFF,
0x02,
0x21,
0xFE,
0x41,
0x00,
0x74, // footer
0x12,
0x34,
0xA4, //checksum
],
sequence_count: 0x1234,
time_code: Some(TimeCode {
hours: 17,
minutes: 59,
seconds: 57,
frames: 18,
field: 1,
drop_frame: true,
}),
packets: &[CCPacketData {
sequence_no: 0,
services: &[ServiceData {
service_no: 1,
codes: &[tables::Code::LatinCapitalA],
}],
}],
cea608: &[],
}],
},
TestCCData {
framerate: FRAMERATES[2],
cdp_data: &[CDPPacketData {
data: &[
0x96, // magic
0x69,
0x13, // cdp_len
0x3f, // framerate
0x40 | 0x01, // flags
0x34, // sequence counter
0x12,
0x72, // cc_data id
0xe0 | 0x02, // cc_count
0xFF,
0x02,
0x21,
0xFE,
0x41,
0x00,
0x74, // cdp footer
0x34,
0x12,
0xB9, // checksum
],
sequence_count: 0x3412,
time_code: None,
packets: &[CCPacketData {
sequence_no: 0,
services: &[ServiceData {
service_no: 1,
codes: &[tables::Code::LatinCapitalA],
}],
}],
cea608: &[],
}],
},
];
#[test]
fn packet_write_cc_data() {
test_init_log();
for test_data in WRITE_CDP.iter() {
info!("writing {test_data:?}");
let mut writer = CDPWriter::new(test_data.framerate);
for cdp_data in test_data.cdp_data.iter() {
let mut packet_iter = cdp_data.packets.iter();
if let Some(packet_data) = packet_iter.next() {
let mut pack = DTVCCPacket::new(packet_data.sequence_no);
for service_data in packet_data.services.iter() {
let mut service = Service::new(service_data.service_no);
for code in service_data.codes.iter() {
service.push_code(code).unwrap();
}
pack.push_service(service).unwrap();
}
writer.push_packet(pack);
}
for pair in cdp_data.cea608 {
writer.push_cea608(*pair);
}
writer.set_time_code(cdp_data.time_code);
writer.set_sequence_count(cdp_data.sequence_count);
let mut written = vec![];
writer.write(&mut written).unwrap();
assert_eq!(cdp_data.data, &written);
}
}
}
}
#[cfg(test)]
pub(crate) mod tests {
use once_cell::sync::Lazy;
static TRACING: Lazy<()> = Lazy::new(env_logger::init);
pub fn test_init_log() {
Lazy::force(&TRACING);
}
}