Module cbe_sdk::sysvar

Expand description

Access to special accounts with dynamically-updated data.

Sysvars are special accounts that contain dynamically-updated data about the network cluster, the blockchain history, and the executing transaction. Each sysvar is defined in its own submodule within this module. The clock, epoch_schedule, instructions, and rent sysvars are most useful to on-chain programs.

Simple sysvars implement the Sysvar::get method, which loads a sysvar directly from the runtime, as in this example that logs the clock sysvar:

use cbe_program::{
    account_info::AccountInfo,
    clock,
    entrypoint::ProgramResult,
    msg,
    pubkey::Pubkey,
    sysvar::Sysvar,
};

fn process_instruction(
    program_id: &Pubkey,
    accounts: &[AccountInfo],
    instruction_data: &[u8],
) -> ProgramResult {
    let clock = clock::Clock::get()?;
    msg!("clock: {:#?}", clock);
    Ok(())
}

Since Cartallum CBE sysvars are accounts, if the AccountInfo is provided to the program, then the program can deserialize the sysvar with Sysvar::from_account_info to access its data, as in this example that again logs the clock sysvar.

use cbe_program::{
    account_info::{next_account_info, AccountInfo},
    clock,
    entrypoint::ProgramResult,
    msg,
    pubkey::Pubkey,
    sysvar::Sysvar,
};

fn process_instruction(
    program_id: &Pubkey,
    accounts: &[AccountInfo],
    instruction_data: &[u8],
) -> ProgramResult {
    let account_info_iter = &mut accounts.iter();
    let clock_account = next_account_info(account_info_iter)?;
    let clock = clock::Clock::from_account_info(&clock_account)?;
    msg!("clock: {:#?}", clock);
    Ok(())
}

When possible, programs should prefer to call Sysvar::get instead of deserializing with Sysvar::from_account_info, as the latter imposes extra overhead of deserialization while also requiring the sysvar account address be passed to the program, wasting the limited space available to transactions. Deserializing sysvars that can instead be retrieved with Sysvar::get should be only be considered for compatibility with older programs that pass around sysvar accounts.

Some sysvars are too large to deserialize within a program, and Sysvar::from_account_info returns an error, or the serialization attempt will exhaust the program’s compute budget. Some sysvars do not implement Sysvar::get and return an error. Some sysvars have custom deserializers that do not implement the Sysvar trait. These cases are documented in the modules for individual sysvars.

All sysvar accounts are owned by the account identified by sysvar::ID.

For more details see the Cartallum CBE documentation on sysvars.