//! Temporary files.

use cap_std::fs::{Dir, File};
use std::ffi::OsStr;
use std::fmt::Debug;
use std::io::{self, Read, Seek, Write};

/// A file in a directory that is by default deleted when it goes out
/// of scope, but may also be written persistently.
///
/// This corresponds most closely to [`tempfile::NamedTempFile`]; however,
/// there are some important differences, so read the below carefully
/// to understand how to port existing code.
///
/// # Name-able, but not necessarily named
///
/// By default, the file does not necessarily have an name until the file is written
/// persistently.
///
/// On some operating systems like Linux, it is possible to create anonymous
/// temporary files that can still be written to disk persistently via `O_TMPFILE`.
/// The advantage of this is that if the process (or operating system) crashes
/// while the file is being written, the temporary space will be automatically cleaned up.
/// For this reason, there is no API to retrieve the name, for either case.
///
/// To more closely match the semantics of [`tempfile::tempfile`], use [`crate::TempFile::new_anonymous`].
///
/// # File permissions
///
/// Unlike the tempfile crate, the default [`TempFile::new`] will use the same permissions as [`File::create_new`] in
/// the Rust standard library.  Concretely on Unix systems for example this can (depending on `umask`) result in
/// files that are readable by all users.  The rationale for this is to make it more ergonomic and natural to use this API to
/// atomically create new files and replace existing ones.  Many cases that want "private" files will
/// prefer [`TempFile::new_anonymous`] to have the file not be accessible at all outside the current process.
///
/// To fully control the permissions of the resulting file, you can use [`File::set_permissions`].
///
/// [`tempfile::tempfile`]: https://docs.rs/tempfile/latest/tempfile/fn.tempfile.html
/// [`tempfile::NamedTempFile`]: https://docs.rs/tempfile/latest/tempfile/struct.NamedTempFile.html
/// [`File::create_new`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/fs/struct.OpenOptions.html#method.create_new
/// [`File::set_permissions`]: https://docs.rs/cap-std/latest/cap_std/fs/struct.File.html#method.set_permissions
pub struct TempFile<'d> {
    dir: &'d Dir,
    fd: File,
    name: Option<String>,
}

impl<'d> Debug for TempFile<'d> {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
        // Manual Debug implementation to omit the file reference and name so
        // we don't leak the path, the same as `cap_std::fs::File`.
        f.debug_struct("TempFile").field("dir", &self.dir).finish()
    }
}

#[cfg(any(target_os = "android", target_os = "linux"))]
fn new_tempfile_linux(d: &Dir) -> io::Result<Option<File>> {
    use rustix::fd::FromFd;
    use rustix::fs::{Mode, OFlags};
    // openat's API uses WRONLY.  There may be use cases for reading too, so let's support it.
    let oflags = OFlags::CLOEXEC | OFlags::TMPFILE | OFlags::RDWR;
    // We default to 0o666, same as main rust when creating new files; this will be modified by
    // umask: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/blob/44628f7273052d0bb8e8218518dacab210e1fe0d/library/std/src/sys/unix/fs.rs#L762
    let mode = Mode::from_raw_mode(0o666);
    // Happy path - Linux with O_TMPFILE
    match rustix::fs::openat(d, ".", oflags, mode) {
        Ok(r) => return Ok(Some(File::from_fd(r.into()))),
        // See https://github.com/Stebalien/tempfile/blob/1a40687e06eb656044e3d2dffa1379f04b3ef3fd/src/file/imp/unix.rs#L81
        // TODO: With newer Rust versions, this could be simplied to only write `Err` once.
        Err(rustix::io::Errno::OPNOTSUPP)
        | Err(rustix::io::Errno::ISDIR)
        | Err(rustix::io::Errno::NOENT) => Ok(None),
        Err(e) => {
            return Err(e.into());
        }
    }
}

/// Assign a random name to a currently anonymous O_TMPFILE descriptor.
#[cfg(any(target_os = "android", target_os = "linux"))]
fn generate_name_in(subdir: &Dir, f: &File) -> io::Result<String> {
    use rustix::fd::AsFd;
    use rustix::fs::AtFlags;
    let procself_fd = rustix::io::proc_self_fd()?;
    let fdnum = rustix::path::DecInt::from_fd(&f.as_fd());
    let fdnum = fdnum.as_c_str();
    super::retry_with_name_ignoring(io::ErrorKind::AlreadyExists, |name| {
        rustix::fs::linkat(&procself_fd, fdnum, subdir, name, AtFlags::SYMLINK_FOLLOW)
            .map_err(Into::into)
    })
    .map(|(_, name)| name)
}

/// Create a new temporary file in the target directory, which may or may not have a (randomly generated) name at this point.
fn new_tempfile(d: &Dir) -> io::Result<(File, Option<String>)> {
    // On Linux, try O_TMPFILE
    #[cfg(any(target_os = "android", target_os = "linux"))]
    if let Some(f) = new_tempfile_linux(d)? {
        return Ok((f, None));
    }
    // Otherwise, fall back to just creating a randomly named file.
    let mut opts = cap_std::fs::OpenOptions::new();
    opts.read(true);
    opts.write(true);
    opts.create_new(true);
    super::retry_with_name_ignoring(io::ErrorKind::AlreadyExists, |name| {
        d.open_with(name, &opts)
    })
    .map(|(f, name)| (f, Some(name)))
}

impl<'d> TempFile<'d> {
    /// Crate a new temporary file in the provided directory.
    pub fn new(dir: &'d Dir) -> io::Result<Self> {
        let (fd, name) = new_tempfile(dir)?;
        Ok(Self { dir, fd, name })
    }

    /// Crate a new temporary file in the provided directory that will not have a
    /// name.  This corresponds to [`tempfile::tempfile_in`].
    ///
    /// [`tempfile::tempfile_in`]: https://docs.rs/tempfile/latest/tempfile/fn.tempfile_in.html
    pub fn new_anonymous(dir: &'d Dir) -> io::Result<File> {
        let (fd, name) = new_tempfile(dir)?;
        if let Some(name) = name {
            dir.remove_file(name)?;
        }
        Ok(fd)
    }

    /// Get a reference to the underlying file.
    pub fn as_file(&self) -> &File {
        &self.fd
    }

    /// Get a mutable reference to the underlying file.
    pub fn as_file_mut(&mut self) -> &mut File {
        &mut self.fd
    }

    fn impl_replace(mut self, destname: &OsStr) -> io::Result<()> {
        // At this point on Linux if O_TMPFILE is used, we need to give the file a temporary name in
        // order to link it into place.  There are patches to add an `AT_LINKAT_REPLACE`
        // API.  With that we could skip this and have file-leak-proof atomic file replacement:
        // https://marc.info/?l=linux-fsdevel&m=158028833007418&w=2
        #[cfg(any(target_os = "android", target_os = "linux"))]
        let tempname = self
            .name
            .take()
            .map(Ok)
            .unwrap_or_else(|| generate_name_in(self.dir, &self.fd))?;
        // SAFETY: We only support anonymous files on Linux, so the file must have a name here.
        #[cfg(not(any(target_os = "android", target_os = "linux")))]
        let tempname = self.name.take().unwrap();
        // And try the rename into place.
        self.dir.rename(&tempname, self.dir, destname).map_err(|e| {
            // But, if we catch an error here, then move ownership back into self,
            // which means the Drop invocation will clean it up.
            self.name = Some(tempname);
            e
        })
    }

    /// Write the file to the target directory with the provided name.
    /// Any existing file will be replaced.
    ///
    /// The file permissions will default to read-only.
    pub fn replace(self, destname: impl AsRef<OsStr>) -> io::Result<()> {
        let destname = destname.as_ref();
        self.impl_replace(destname)
    }
}

impl<'d> Read for TempFile<'d> {
    fn read(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
        self.as_file_mut().read(buf)
    }
}

impl<'d> Write for TempFile<'d> {
    fn write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
        self.as_file_mut().write(buf)
    }

    #[inline]
    fn flush(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> {
        self.as_file_mut().flush()
    }
}

impl<'d> Seek for TempFile<'d> {
    fn seek(&mut self, pos: io::SeekFrom) -> io::Result<u64> {
        self.as_file_mut().seek(pos)
    }
}

impl<'d> Drop for TempFile<'d> {
    fn drop(&mut self) {
        if let Some(name) = self.name.take() {
            let _ = self.dir.remove_file(name);
        }
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod test {
    use super::*;
    use std::io;

    /// On Unix, calling `umask()` actually *mutates* the process global state.
    /// This uses Linux `/proc` to read the current value.
    #[cfg(any(target_os = "android", target_os = "linux"))]
    fn get_process_umask() -> io::Result<u32> {
        use io::BufRead;
        let status = std::fs::File::open("/proc/self/status")?;
        let bufr = io::BufReader::new(status);
        for line in bufr.lines() {
            let line = line?;
            let l = if let Some(v) = line.split_once(':') {
                v
            } else {
                continue;
            };
            let (k, v) = l;
            if k != "Umask" {
                continue;
            }
            return Ok(u32::from_str_radix(v.trim(), 8).unwrap());
        }
        panic!("Could not determine process umask")
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_tempfile() -> io::Result<()> {
        use crate::ambient_authority;

        let td = crate::tempdir(ambient_authority())?;

        // Base case, verify we clean up on drop
        let tf = TempFile::new(&td).unwrap();
        drop(tf);
        assert_eq!(td.entries()?.into_iter().count(), 0);

        let mut tf = TempFile::new(&td)?;
        // Test that we created with the right permissions
        #[cfg(any(target_os = "android", target_os = "linux"))]
        {
            use rustix::fs::{MetadataExt, Mode};
            let umask = get_process_umask()?;
            let metadata = tf.as_file().metadata().unwrap();
            let mode = metadata.mode();
            let mode = Mode::from_bits_truncate(mode);
            assert_eq!(0o666 & !umask, mode.bits());
        }
        // And that we can write
        tf.write_all(b"hello world")?;
        drop(tf);
        assert_eq!(td.entries()?.into_iter().count(), 0);

        let mut tf = TempFile::new(&td)?;
        tf.write_all(b"hello world")?;
        tf.replace("testfile").unwrap();
        assert_eq!(td.entries()?.into_iter().count(), 1);

        assert_eq!(td.read("testfile")?, b"hello world");

        td.close()
    }
}