bevy_render/

lib.rs

//! # Useful Environment Variables
//!
//! Both `bevy_render` and `wgpu` have a number of environment variable options for changing the runtime behavior
//! of both crates. Many of these may be useful in development or release environments.
//!
//! - `WGPU_DEBUG=1` enables debug labels, which can be useful in release builds.
//! - `WGPU_VALIDATION=0` disables validation layers. This can help with particularly spammy errors.
//! - `WGPU_FORCE_FALLBACK_ADAPTER=1` attempts to force software rendering. This typically matches what is used in CI.
//! - `WGPU_ADAPTER_NAME` allows selecting a specific adapter by name.
//! - `WGPU_SETTINGS_PRIO=webgl2` uses webgl2 limits.
//! - `WGPU_SETTINGS_PRIO=webgpu` uses webgpu limits.
//! - `VERBOSE_SHADER_ERROR=1` prints more detailed information about WGSL compilation errors, such as shader defs and shader entrypoint.

#![expect(missing_docs, reason = "Not all docs are written yet, see #3492.")]
#![expect(unsafe_code, reason = "Unsafe code is used to improve performance.")]
#![cfg_attr(
    any(docsrs, docsrs_dep),
    expect(
        internal_features,
        reason = "rustdoc_internals is needed for fake_variadic"
    )
)]
#![cfg_attr(any(docsrs, docsrs_dep), feature(rustdoc_internals))]
#![cfg_attr(docsrs, feature(doc_cfg))]
#![doc(
    html_logo_url = "https://bevy.org/assets/icon.png",
    html_favicon_url = "https://bevy.org/assets/icon.png"
)]

#[cfg(target_pointer_width = "16")]
compile_error!("bevy_render cannot compile for a 16-bit platform.");

extern crate alloc;
extern crate core;

// Required to make proc macros work in bevy itself.
extern crate self as bevy_render;

pub mod batching;
pub mod camera;
pub mod diagnostic;
pub mod erased_render_asset;
pub mod error_handler;
pub mod extract_component;
pub mod extract_instances;
mod extract_param;
pub mod extract_plugin;
pub mod extract_resource;
pub mod globals;
pub mod gpu_component_array_buffer;
pub mod gpu_readback;
pub mod mesh;
pub mod occlusion_culling;
#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
pub mod pipelined_rendering;
pub mod render_asset;
pub mod render_phase;
pub mod render_resource;
pub mod renderer;
pub mod settings;
pub mod slab_allocator;
pub mod storage;
pub mod sync_component;
pub mod sync_world;
#[cfg(test)]
pub(crate) mod test_utils;
pub mod texture;
pub mod uniform;
pub mod view;

/// The render prelude.
///
/// This includes the most common types in this crate, re-exported for your convenience.
pub mod prelude {
    #[doc(hidden)]
    pub use crate::{
        camera::NormalizedRenderTargetExt as _, renderer::RenderGraph, texture::ManualTextureViews,
        view::Msaa, ExtractSchedule,
    };
}

pub use extract_param::Extract;
pub use extract_plugin::{ExtractSchedule, MainWorld};

use crate::{
    camera::CameraPlugin,
    error_handler::{RenderErrorHandler, RenderState},
    extract_plugin::ExtractPlugin,
    gpu_readback::GpuReadbackPlugin,
    mesh::{MeshRenderAssetPlugin, RenderMesh},
    render_asset::prepare_assets,
    render_resource::{PipelineCache, SparseBufferPlugin},
    renderer::{render_system, RenderAdapterInfo, RenderGraph},
    settings::{RenderCreation, WgpuLimits},
    storage::StoragePlugin,
    texture::TexturePlugin,
    view::{ViewPlugin, WindowRenderPlugin},
};
use alloc::sync::Arc;
use batching::gpu_preprocessing::BatchingPlugin;
use bevy_app::{App, AppLabel, First, Plugin, SubApp};
use bevy_asset::{AssetApp, AssetServer};
use bevy_derive::Deref;
use bevy_ecs::{
    prelude::*,
    schedule::{InternedScheduleLabel, ScheduleLabel},
};
use bevy_platform::time::Instant;
use bevy_shader::{load_shader_library, Shader, ShaderLoader};
use bevy_time::TimeSender;
use bevy_window::{PrimaryWindow, RawHandleWrapperHolder};
use bitflags::bitflags;
use globals::GlobalsPlugin;
use occlusion_culling::OcclusionCullingPlugin;
use render_asset::{
    extract_render_asset_bytes_per_frame, reset_render_asset_bytes_per_frame,
    RenderAssetBytesPerFrame, RenderAssetBytesPerFrameLimiter,
};
use settings::RenderResources;
use std::sync::{Mutex, OnceLock};

/// Contains the default Bevy rendering backend based on wgpu.
///
/// Rendering is done in a [`SubApp`], which exchanges data with the main app
/// between main schedule iterations.
///
/// Rendering can be executed between iterations of the main schedule,
/// or it can be executed in parallel with main schedule when
/// [`PipelinedRenderingPlugin`](pipelined_rendering::PipelinedRenderingPlugin) is enabled.
#[derive(Default)]
pub struct RenderPlugin {
    pub render_creation: RenderCreation,
    /// If `true`, disables asynchronous pipeline compilation.
    /// This has no effect on macOS, Wasm, iOS, or without the `multi_threaded` feature.
    pub synchronous_pipeline_compilation: bool,
    /// Debugging flags that can optionally be set when constructing the renderer.
    pub debug_flags: RenderDebugFlags,
}

bitflags! {
    /// Debugging flags that can optionally be set when constructing the renderer.
    #[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Default, Debug)]
    pub struct RenderDebugFlags: u8 {
        /// If true, this sets the `COPY_SRC` flag on indirect draw parameters
        /// so that they can be read back to CPU.
        ///
        /// This is a debugging feature that may reduce performance. It
        /// primarily exists for the `occlusion_culling` example.
        const ALLOW_COPIES_FROM_INDIRECT_PARAMETERS = 1;
    }
}

/// The systems sets of the default [`App`] rendering schedule.
///
/// These can be useful for ordering, but you almost never want to add your systems to these sets.
#[derive(Debug, Hash, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, SystemSet)]
pub enum RenderSystems {
    /// This is used for applying the commands from the [`ExtractSchedule`]
    ExtractCommands,
    /// Prepare assets that have been created/modified/removed this frame.
    PrepareAssets,
    /// Prepares extracted meshes.
    PrepareMeshes,
    /// Create any additional views such as those used for shadow mapping.
    CreateViews,
    /// Specialize material meshes and shadow views.
    Specialize,
    /// Prepare any additional views such as those used for shadow mapping.
    PrepareViews,
    /// Queue drawable entities as phase items in render phases ready for
    /// sorting (if necessary)
    Queue,
    /// A sub-set within [`Queue`](RenderSystems::Queue) where mesh entity queue systems are executed. Ensures `prepare_assets::<RenderMesh>` is completed.
    QueueMeshes,
    /// A sub-set within [`Queue`](RenderSystems::Queue) where meshes that have
    /// become invisible or changed phases are removed from the bins.
    QueueSweep,
    // TODO: This could probably be moved in favor of a system ordering
    // abstraction in `Render` or `Queue`
    /// Sort the [`SortedRenderPhase`](render_phase::SortedRenderPhase)s and
    /// [`BinKey`](render_phase::BinnedPhaseItem::BinKey)s here.
    PhaseSort,
    /// Prepare render resources from extracted data for the GPU based on their sorted order.
    /// Create [`BindGroups`](render_resource::BindGroup) that depend on those data.
    Prepare,
    /// A sub-set within [`Prepare`](RenderSystems::Prepare) for initializing buffers, textures and uniforms for use in bind groups.
    PrepareResources,
    /// A sub-set within [`Prepare`](RenderSystems::Prepare) that creates batches for render phases.
    PrepareResourcesBatchPhases,
    /// A sub-set within [`Prepare`](RenderSystems::Prepare) that writes batches
    /// for render phases to the GPU.
    PrepareResourcesWritePhaseBuffers,
    /// A sub-set within [`Prepare`](RenderSystems::Prepare) to collect phase buffers after
    /// [`PrepareResourcesBatchPhases`](RenderSystems::PrepareResourcesBatchPhases) has run.
    PrepareResourcesCollectPhaseBuffers,
    /// Flush buffers after [`PrepareResources`](RenderSystems::PrepareResources), but before [`PrepareBindGroups`](RenderSystems::PrepareBindGroups).
    PrepareResourcesFlush,
    /// A sub-set within [`Prepare`](RenderSystems::Prepare) for constructing bind groups, or other data that relies on render resources prepared in [`PrepareResources`](RenderSystems::PrepareResources).
    PrepareBindGroups,
    /// Actual rendering happens here.
    /// In most cases, only the render backend should insert resources here.
    Render,
    /// Cleanup render resources here.
    Cleanup,
    /// Final cleanup occurs: any entities with
    /// [`TemporaryRenderEntity`](sync_world::TemporaryRenderEntity) will be despawned.
    ///
    /// Runs after [`Cleanup`](RenderSystems::Cleanup).
    PostCleanup,
}

/// The startup schedule of the [`RenderApp`].
/// This can potentially run multiple times, and not on a fresh render world.
/// Every time a new [`RenderDevice`](renderer::RenderDevice) is acquired,
/// this schedule runs to initialize any gpu resources needed for rendering on it.
#[derive(ScheduleLabel, Debug, Hash, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Default)]
pub struct RenderStartup;

/// Constructs a `T` resource with `from_world` and inserts it.
pub fn init_gpu_resource<R: Resource + FromWorld>(world: &mut World) {
    let res = R::from_world(world);
    world.insert_resource(res);
}

/// Convenience methods for render-recovery-aware resource initialization.
pub trait GpuResourceAppExt {
    /// Causes the provided GPU resource to be re-initialized during [`RenderStartup`].
    ///
    /// This is useful when recovering from lost render devices.
    ///
    /// Shorthand for:
    /// ```ignore
    /// app.add_systems(RenderStartup, init_gpu_resource::<R>.ambiguous_with_all());
    /// ```
    fn init_gpu_resource<R: Resource + FromWorld>(&mut self) -> &mut Self;
}

impl GpuResourceAppExt for SubApp {
    fn init_gpu_resource<R: Resource + FromWorld>(&mut self) -> &mut Self {
        self.add_systems(RenderStartup, init_gpu_resource::<R>.ambiguous_with_all())
    }
}

/// The render recovery schedule. This schedule runs the [`RenderScheduleOrder`] schedules if
/// we are in [`RenderState::Ready`], and is otherwise hidden from users.
#[derive(ScheduleLabel, Debug, Hash, PartialEq, Eq, Clone)]
struct RenderRecovery;

/// Defines the schedules to be run for the rendering, including their order.
///
/// This is the same approach as [`MainScheduleOrder`](`bevy_app::MainScheduleOrder`).
#[derive(Resource, Debug)]
pub struct RenderScheduleOrder {
    /// The labels to run for the rendering schedule (in the order they will be run).
    pub labels: Vec<InternedScheduleLabel>,
}

impl Default for RenderScheduleOrder {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self {
            labels: vec![First.intern(), Render.intern()],
        }
    }
}

impl RenderScheduleOrder {
    /// Adds the given `schedule` after the `after` schedule
    pub fn insert_after(&mut self, after: impl ScheduleLabel, schedule: impl ScheduleLabel) {
        let index = self
            .labels
            .iter()
            .position(|current| (**current).eq(&after))
            .unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("Expected {after:?} to exist"));
        self.labels.insert(index + 1, schedule.intern());
    }

    /// Adds the given `schedule` before the `before` schedule
    pub fn insert_before(&mut self, before: impl ScheduleLabel, schedule: impl ScheduleLabel) {
        let index = self
            .labels
            .iter()
            .position(|current| (**current).eq(&before))
            .unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("Expected {before:?} to exist"));
        self.labels.insert(index, schedule.intern());
    }
}

/// The main render schedule.
#[derive(ScheduleLabel, Debug, Hash, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Default)]
pub struct Render;

impl Render {
    /// Sets up the base structure of the rendering [`Schedule`].
    ///
    /// The sets defined in this enum are configured to run in order.
    pub fn base_schedule() -> Schedule {
        use RenderSystems::*;

        let mut schedule = Schedule::new(Self);

        schedule.configure_sets(
            (
                ExtractCommands,
                PrepareMeshes,
                CreateViews,
                Specialize,
                PrepareViews,
                Queue,
                PhaseSort,
                Prepare,
                Render,
                Cleanup,
                PostCleanup,
            )
                .chain(),
        );
        schedule.ignore_ambiguity(Specialize, Specialize);

        schedule.configure_sets((ExtractCommands, PrepareAssets, PrepareMeshes, Prepare).chain());
        schedule.configure_sets(
            (QueueMeshes, QueueSweep)
                .chain()
                .in_set(Queue)
                .after(prepare_assets::<RenderMesh>),
        );
        schedule.configure_sets(
            (
                PrepareResources,
                PrepareResourcesBatchPhases,
                PrepareResourcesWritePhaseBuffers,
                PrepareResourcesCollectPhaseBuffers,
                PrepareResourcesFlush,
                PrepareBindGroups,
            )
                .chain()
                .in_set(Prepare),
        );

        schedule
    }
}

#[derive(Resource, Default, Clone, Deref)]
pub(crate) struct FutureRenderResources(Arc<Mutex<Option<RenderResources>>>);

/// A label for the rendering sub-app.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Hash, PartialEq, Eq, AppLabel)]
pub struct RenderApp;

impl Plugin for RenderPlugin {
    /// Initializes the renderer, sets up the [`RenderSystems`] and creates the rendering sub-app.
    fn build(&self, app: &mut App) {
        app.init_asset::<Shader>()
            .init_asset_loader::<ShaderLoader>();
        load_shader_library!(app, "maths.wgsl");
        load_shader_library!(app, "color_operations.wgsl");
        load_shader_library!(app, "bindless.wgsl");

        if insert_future_resources(&self.render_creation, app.world_mut()) {
            // We only create the render world and set up extraction if we
            // have a rendering backend available.
            app.add_plugins(ExtractPlugin {
                pre_extract: error_handler::update_state,
            });
        };

        app.add_plugins((
            WindowRenderPlugin,
            CameraPlugin,
            ViewPlugin,
            MeshRenderAssetPlugin,
            GlobalsPlugin,
            TexturePlugin,
            BatchingPlugin {
                debug_flags: self.debug_flags,
            },
            StoragePlugin,
            GpuReadbackPlugin::default(),
            OcclusionCullingPlugin,
            SparseBufferPlugin,
            #[cfg(feature = "tracing-tracy")]
            diagnostic::RenderDiagnosticsPlugin,
        ));

        let (sender, receiver) = bevy_time::create_time_channels();
        app.insert_resource(receiver);

        let asset_server = app.world().resource::<AssetServer>().clone();
        app.init_resource::<RenderAssetBytesPerFrame>()
            .init_resource::<RenderErrorHandler>();
        if let Some(render_app) = app.get_sub_app_mut(RenderApp) {
            render_app.init_resource::<RenderScheduleOrder>();
            render_app.init_resource::<RenderAssetBytesPerFrameLimiter>();
            render_app.init_gpu_resource::<renderer::PendingCommandBuffers>();
            render_app.insert_resource(sender);
            render_app.insert_resource(asset_server);
            render_app.insert_resource(RenderState::Initializing);
            render_app.add_systems(
                ExtractSchedule,
                (
                    extract_render_asset_bytes_per_frame,
                    PipelineCache::extract_shaders,
                ),
            );

            #[cfg(not(feature = "reflect_auto_register"))]
            render_app.init_resource::<AppTypeRegistry>();

            #[cfg(feature = "reflect_auto_register")]
            render_app.insert_resource(AppTypeRegistry::new_with_derived_types());

            #[cfg(feature = "reflect_functions")]
            render_app.init_resource::<AppFunctionRegistry>();

            render_app.add_schedule(RenderGraph::base_schedule());

            render_app.init_schedule(RenderStartup);
            render_app
                .get_schedule_mut(RenderStartup)
                .unwrap()
                .set_executor(bevy_ecs::schedule::SingleThreadedExecutor::new());
            render_app.update_schedule = Some(RenderRecovery.intern());
            render_app.add_systems(
                RenderRecovery,
                (run_render_schedule.run_if(renderer_is_ready), send_time).chain(),
            );
            render_app.add_systems(
                Render,
                (
                    (PipelineCache::process_pipeline_queue_system, render_system)
                        .chain()
                        .in_set(RenderSystems::Render),
                    reset_render_asset_bytes_per_frame.in_set(RenderSystems::Cleanup),
                ),
            );
        }
    }

    fn ready(&self, app: &App) -> bool {
        // This is a little tricky. `FutureRenderResources` is added in `build`, which runs synchronously before `ready`.
        // It is only added if there is a wgpu backend and thus the renderer can be created.
        // Hence, if we try and get the resource and it is not present, that means we are ready, because we dont need it.
        // On the other hand, if the resource is present, then we try and lock on it. The lock can fail, in which case
        // we currently can assume that means the `FutureRenderResources` is in the act of being populated, because
        // that is the only other place the lock may be held. If it is being populated, we can assume we're ready. This
        // happens via the `and_then` falling through to the same `unwrap_or(true)` case as when there's no resource.
        // If the lock succeeds, we can straightforwardly check if it is populated. If it is not, then we're not ready.
        app.world()
            .get_resource::<FutureRenderResources>()
            .and_then(|frr| frr.try_lock().map(|locked| locked.is_some()).ok())
            .unwrap_or(true)
    }

    fn finish(&self, app: &mut App) {
        if let Some(future_render_resources) =
            app.world_mut().remove_resource::<FutureRenderResources>()
        {
            let bevy_app::SubApps { main, sub_apps } = app.sub_apps_mut();
            let render = sub_apps.get_mut(&RenderApp.intern()).unwrap();
            let render_resources = future_render_resources.0.lock().unwrap().take().unwrap();

            render_resources.unpack_into(
                main.world_mut(),
                render.world_mut(),
                self.synchronous_pipeline_compilation,
            );
        }
    }
}

fn renderer_is_ready(state: Res<RenderState>) -> bool {
    matches!(*state, RenderState::Ready)
}

fn run_render_schedule(world: &mut World) {
    world.resource_scope(|world, order: Mut<RenderScheduleOrder>| {
        for &label in &order.labels {
            let _ = world.try_run_schedule(label);
        }
    });
}

fn send_time(time_sender: Res<TimeSender>) {
    // update the time and send it to the app world regardless of whether we render
    if let Err(error) = time_sender.0.try_send(Instant::now()) {
        match error {
            bevy_time::TrySendError::Full(_) => {
                panic!(
                    "The TimeSender channel should always be empty during render. \
                            You might need to add the bevy::core::time_system to your app."
                );
            }
            bevy_time::TrySendError::Disconnected(_) => {
                // ignore disconnected errors, the main world probably just got dropped during shutdown
            }
        }
    }
}

/// Inserts a [`FutureRenderResources`] created from this [`RenderCreation`].
///
/// Returns true if creation was successful, false otherwise.
fn insert_future_resources(render_creation: &RenderCreation, main_world: &mut World) -> bool {
    let primary_window = main_world
        .query_filtered::<&RawHandleWrapperHolder, With<PrimaryWindow>>()
        .single(main_world)
        .ok()
        .cloned();

    #[cfg(feature = "raw_vulkan_init")]
    let raw_vulkan_init_settings = main_world
        .get_resource::<renderer::raw_vulkan_init::RawVulkanInitSettings>()
        .cloned()
        .unwrap_or_default();

    let future_resources = FutureRenderResources::default();
    let success = render_creation.create_render(
        future_resources.clone(),
        primary_window,
        #[cfg(feature = "raw_vulkan_init")]
        raw_vulkan_init_settings,
    );
    if success {
        // Note that `future_resources` is not necessarily populated here yet.
        main_world.insert_resource(future_resources);
    }
    success
}

/// If the [`RenderAdapterInfo`] is a Qualcomm Adreno, returns its model number.
///
/// This lets us work around hardware bugs.
pub fn get_adreno_model(adapter_info: &RenderAdapterInfo) -> Option<u32> {
    if !cfg!(target_os = "android") {
        return None;
    }

    let adreno_model = adapter_info.name.strip_prefix("Adreno (TM) ")?;

    // Take suffixes into account (like Adreno 642L).
    Some(
        adreno_model
            .chars()
            .map_while(|c| c.to_digit(10))
            .fold(0, |acc, digit| acc * 10 + digit),
    )
}

/// Get the Mali driver version if the adapter is a Mali GPU.
pub fn get_mali_driver_version(adapter_info: &RenderAdapterInfo) -> Option<u32> {
    if !cfg!(target_os = "android") {
        return None;
    }

    if !adapter_info.name.contains("Mali") {
        return None;
    }
    let driver_info = &adapter_info.driver_info;
    if let Some(start_pos) = driver_info.find("v1.r")
        && let Some(end_pos) = driver_info[start_pos..].find('p')
    {
        let start_idx = start_pos + 4; // Skip "v1.r"
        let end_idx = start_pos + end_pos;

        return driver_info[start_idx..end_idx].parse::<u32>().ok();
    }

    None
}

pub fn get_pixel10_driver_version(adapter_info: &RenderAdapterInfo) -> Option<u32> {
    if !cfg!(target_os = "android") {
        return None;
    }

    if adapter_info.name != "PowerVR D-Series DXT-48-1536 MC1" {
        return None;
    }

    let (_, driver_version) = adapter_info.driver_info.split_once('@')?;
    driver_version.parse::<u32>().ok()
}

/// Returns true if storage buffers are unsupported on this platform or false
/// if they are supported.
pub fn storage_buffers_are_unsupported(limits: &WgpuLimits) -> bool {
    static STORAGE_BUFFERS_UNSUPPORTED: OnceLock<bool> = OnceLock::new();
    *STORAGE_BUFFERS_UNSUPPORTED.get_or_init(|| limits.max_storage_buffers_per_shader_stage == 0)
}