Struct bevy::ecs::system::Commands

source · 
pub struct Commands<'w, 's> { /* private fields */ }
Expand description

A Command queue to perform structural changes to the World.

Since each command requires exclusive access to the World, all queued commands are automatically applied in sequence when the apply_deferred system runs (see apply_deferred documentation for more details).

Each command can be used to modify the World in arbitrary ways:

  • spawning or despawning entities
  • inserting components on new or existing entities
  • inserting resources
  • etc.

For a version of Commands that works in parallel contexts (such as within Query::par_iter) see ParallelCommands

§Usage

Add mut commands: Commands as a function argument to your system to get a copy of this struct that will be applied the next time a copy of apply_deferred runs. Commands are almost always used as a SystemParam.

fn my_system(mut commands: Commands) {
   // ...
}

§Implementing

Each built-in command is implemented as a separate method, e.g. Commands::spawn. In addition to the pre-defined command methods, you can add commands with any arbitrary behavior using Commands::add, which accepts any type implementing Command.

Since closures and other functions implement this trait automatically, this allows one-shot, anonymous custom commands.

// NOTE: type inference fails here, so annotations are required on the closure.
commands.add(|w: &mut World| {
    // Mutate the world however you want...
});

Implementations§

source§

impl<'w, 's> Commands<'w, 's>

source

pub fn new(queue: &'s mut CommandQueue, world: &'w World) -> Commands<'w, 's>

Returns a new Commands instance from a CommandQueue and a World.

It is not required to call this constructor when using Commands as a system parameter.

source

pub fn new_from_entities( queue: &'s mut CommandQueue, entities: &'w Entities, ) -> Commands<'w, 's>

Returns a new Commands instance from a CommandQueue and an Entities reference.

It is not required to call this constructor when using Commands as a system parameter.

source

pub fn reborrow(&mut self) -> Commands<'w, '_>

Returns a Commands with a smaller lifetime. This is useful if you have &mut Commands but need Commands.

§Examples
fn my_system(mut commands: Commands) {
    // We do our initialization in a separate function,
    // which expects an owned `Commands`.
    do_initialization(commands.reborrow());

    // Since we only reborrowed the commands instead of moving them, we can still use them.
    commands.spawn_empty();
}
source

pub fn append(&mut self, other: &mut CommandQueue)

Take all commands from other and append them to self, leaving other empty

Examples found in repository?
examples/async_tasks/async_compute.rs (line 117)
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
fn handle_tasks(mut commands: Commands, mut transform_tasks: Query<&mut ComputeTransform>) {
    for mut task in &mut transform_tasks {
        if let Some(mut commands_queue) = block_on(future::poll_once(&mut task.0)) {
            // append the returned command queue to have it execute later
            commands.append(&mut commands_queue);
        }
    }
}
source

pub fn spawn_empty(&mut self) -> EntityCommands<'_>

Pushes a Command to the queue for creating a new empty Entity, and returns its corresponding EntityCommands.

See World::spawn_empty for more details.

§Example

#[derive(Component)]
struct Label(&'static str);
#[derive(Component)]
struct Strength(u32);
#[derive(Component)]
struct Agility(u32);

fn example_system(mut commands: Commands) {
    // Create a new empty entity and retrieve its id.
    let empty_entity = commands.spawn_empty().id();

    // Create another empty entity, then add some component to it
    commands.spawn_empty()
        // adds a new component bundle to the entity
        .insert((Strength(1), Agility(2)))
        // adds a single component to the entity
        .insert(Label("hello world"));
}
§See also
  • spawn to spawn an entity with a bundle.
  • spawn_batch to spawn entities with a bundle each.
Examples found in repository?
examples/async_tasks/async_compute.rs (line 61)
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
fn spawn_tasks(mut commands: Commands) {
    let thread_pool = AsyncComputeTaskPool::get();
    for x in 0..NUM_CUBES {
        for y in 0..NUM_CUBES {
            for z in 0..NUM_CUBES {
                // Spawn new task on the AsyncComputeTaskPool; the task will be
                // executed in the background, and the Task future returned by
                // spawn() can be used to poll for the result
                let entity = commands.spawn_empty().id();
                let task = thread_pool.spawn(async move {
                    let duration = Duration::from_secs_f32(rand::thread_rng().gen_range(0.05..5.0));

                    // Pretend this is a time-intensive function. :)
                    async_std::task::sleep(duration).await;

                    // Such hard work, all done!
                    let transform = Transform::from_xyz(x as f32, y as f32, z as f32);
                    let mut command_queue = CommandQueue::default();

                    // we use a raw command queue to pass a FnOne(&mut World) back to be
                    // applied in a deferred manner.
                    command_queue.push(move |world: &mut World| {
                        let (box_mesh_handle, box_material_handle) = {
                            let mut system_state = SystemState::<(
                                Res<BoxMeshHandle>,
                                Res<BoxMaterialHandle>,
                            )>::new(world);
                            let (box_mesh_handle, box_material_handle) =
                                system_state.get_mut(world);

                            (box_mesh_handle.clone(), box_material_handle.clone())
                        };

                        world
                            .entity_mut(entity)
                            // Add our new PbrBundle of components to our tagged entity
                            .insert(PbrBundle {
                                mesh: box_mesh_handle,
                                material: box_material_handle,
                                transform,
                                ..default()
                            })
                            // Task is complete, so remove task component from entity
                            .remove::<ComputeTransform>();
                    });

                    command_queue
                });

                // Spawn new entity and add our new task as a component
                commands.entity(entity).insert(ComputeTransform(task));
            }
        }
    }
}
More examples
Hide additional examples
examples/stress_tests/transform_hierarchy.rs (line 397)
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
fn spawn_tree(
    parent_map: &[usize],
    commands: &mut Commands,
    update_filter: &UpdateFilter,
    root_transform: Transform,
) -> InsertResult {
    // total count (# of nodes + root)
    let count = parent_map.len() + 1;

    #[derive(Default, Clone, Copy)]
    struct NodeInfo {
        child_count: u32,
        depth: u32,
    }

    // node index -> entity lookup list
    let mut ents: Vec<Entity> = Vec::with_capacity(count);
    let mut node_info: Vec<NodeInfo> = vec![default(); count];
    for (i, &parent_idx) in parent_map.iter().enumerate() {
        // assert spawn order (parent must be processed before child)
        assert!(parent_idx <= i, "invalid spawn order");
        node_info[parent_idx].child_count += 1;
    }

    // insert root
    ents.push(commands.spawn(TransformBundle::from(root_transform)).id());

    let mut result = InsertResult::default();
    let mut rng = rand::thread_rng();
    // used to count through the number of children (used only for visual layout)
    let mut child_idx: Vec<u16> = vec![0; count];

    // insert children
    for (current_idx, &parent_idx) in parent_map.iter().enumerate() {
        let current_idx = current_idx + 1;

        // separation factor to visually separate children (0..1)
        let sep = child_idx[parent_idx] as f32 / node_info[parent_idx].child_count as f32;
        child_idx[parent_idx] += 1;

        // calculate and set depth
        // this works because it's guaranteed that we have already iterated over the parent
        let depth = node_info[parent_idx].depth + 1;
        let info = &mut node_info[current_idx];
        info.depth = depth;

        // update max depth of tree
        result.maximum_depth = result.maximum_depth.max(depth.try_into().unwrap());

        // insert child
        let child_entity = {
            let mut cmd = commands.spawn_empty();

            // check whether or not to update this node
            let update = (rng.gen::<f32>() <= update_filter.probability)
                && (depth >= update_filter.min_depth && depth <= update_filter.max_depth);

            if update {
                cmd.insert(UpdateValue(sep));
                result.active_nodes += 1;
            }

            let transform = {
                let mut translation = Vec3::ZERO;
                // use the same placement fn as the `update` system
                // this way the entities won't be all at (0, 0, 0) when they don't have an `Update` component
                set_translation(&mut translation, sep);
                Transform::from_translation(translation)
            };

            // only insert the components necessary for the transform propagation
            cmd.insert(TransformBundle::from(transform));

            cmd.id()
        };

        commands
            .get_or_spawn(ents[parent_idx])
            .add_child(child_entity);

        ents.push(child_entity);
    }

    result.inserted_nodes = ents.len();
    result
}
source

pub fn get_or_spawn(&mut self, entity: Entity) -> EntityCommands<'_>

Pushes a Command to the queue for creating a new Entity if the given one does not exists, and returns its corresponding EntityCommands.

This method silently fails by returning EntityCommands even if the given Entity cannot be spawned.

See World::get_or_spawn for more details.

§Note

Spawning a specific entity value is rarely the right choice. Most apps should favor Commands::spawn. This method should generally only be used for sharing entities across apps, and only when they have a scheme worked out to share an ID space (which doesn’t happen by default).

Examples found in repository?
examples/stress_tests/transform_hierarchy.rs (line 423)
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
fn spawn_tree(
    parent_map: &[usize],
    commands: &mut Commands,
    update_filter: &UpdateFilter,
    root_transform: Transform,
) -> InsertResult {
    // total count (# of nodes + root)
    let count = parent_map.len() + 1;

    #[derive(Default, Clone, Copy)]
    struct NodeInfo {
        child_count: u32,
        depth: u32,
    }

    // node index -> entity lookup list
    let mut ents: Vec<Entity> = Vec::with_capacity(count);
    let mut node_info: Vec<NodeInfo> = vec![default(); count];
    for (i, &parent_idx) in parent_map.iter().enumerate() {
        // assert spawn order (parent must be processed before child)
        assert!(parent_idx <= i, "invalid spawn order");
        node_info[parent_idx].child_count += 1;
    }

    // insert root
    ents.push(commands.spawn(TransformBundle::from(root_transform)).id());

    let mut result = InsertResult::default();
    let mut rng = rand::thread_rng();
    // used to count through the number of children (used only for visual layout)
    let mut child_idx: Vec<u16> = vec![0; count];

    // insert children
    for (current_idx, &parent_idx) in parent_map.iter().enumerate() {
        let current_idx = current_idx + 1;

        // separation factor to visually separate children (0..1)
        let sep = child_idx[parent_idx] as f32 / node_info[parent_idx].child_count as f32;
        child_idx[parent_idx] += 1;

        // calculate and set depth
        // this works because it's guaranteed that we have already iterated over the parent
        let depth = node_info[parent_idx].depth + 1;
        let info = &mut node_info[current_idx];
        info.depth = depth;

        // update max depth of tree
        result.maximum_depth = result.maximum_depth.max(depth.try_into().unwrap());

        // insert child
        let child_entity = {
            let mut cmd = commands.spawn_empty();

            // check whether or not to update this node
            let update = (rng.gen::<f32>() <= update_filter.probability)
                && (depth >= update_filter.min_depth && depth <= update_filter.max_depth);

            if update {
                cmd.insert(UpdateValue(sep));
                result.active_nodes += 1;
            }

            let transform = {
                let mut translation = Vec3::ZERO;
                // use the same placement fn as the `update` system
                // this way the entities won't be all at (0, 0, 0) when they don't have an `Update` component
                set_translation(&mut translation, sep);
                Transform::from_translation(translation)
            };

            // only insert the components necessary for the transform propagation
            cmd.insert(TransformBundle::from(transform));

            cmd.id()
        };

        commands
            .get_or_spawn(ents[parent_idx])
            .add_child(child_entity);

        ents.push(child_entity);
    }

    result.inserted_nodes = ents.len();
    result
}
source

pub fn spawn<T>(&mut self, bundle: T) -> EntityCommands<'_>
where T: Bundle,

Pushes a Command to the queue for creating a new entity with the given Bundle’s components, and returns its corresponding EntityCommands.

§Example
use bevy_ecs::prelude::*;

#[derive(Component)]
struct Component1;
#[derive(Component)]
struct Component2;
#[derive(Component)]
struct Label(&'static str);
#[derive(Component)]
struct Strength(u32);
#[derive(Component)]
struct Agility(u32);

#[derive(Bundle)]
struct ExampleBundle {
    a: Component1,
    b: Component2,
}

fn example_system(mut commands: Commands) {
    // Create a new entity with a single component.
    commands.spawn(Component1);

    // Create a new entity with a component bundle.
    commands.spawn(ExampleBundle {
        a: Component1,
        b: Component2,
    });

    commands
        // Create a new entity with two components using a "tuple bundle".
        .spawn((Component1, Component2))
        // `spawn returns a builder, so you can insert more bundles like this:
        .insert((Strength(1), Agility(2)))
        // or insert single components like this:
        .insert(Label("hello world"));
}
§See also
Examples found in repository?
examples/window/window_resizing.rs (line 31)
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
fn setup_camera(mut cmd: Commands) {
    cmd.spawn(Camera2dBundle::default());
}

// Spawns the UI
fn setup_ui(mut cmd: Commands) {
    // Node that fills entire background
    cmd.spawn(NodeBundle {
        style: Style {
            width: Val::Percent(100.),
            ..default()
        },
        ..default()
    })
    .with_children(|root| {
        // Text where we display current resolution
        root.spawn((
            TextBundle::from_section(
                "Resolution",
                TextStyle {
                    font_size: 50.0,
                    ..default()
                },
            ),
            ResolutionText,
        ));
    });
}
More examples
Hide additional examples
examples/2d/2d_viewport_to_world.rs (line 33)
32
33
34
fn setup(mut commands: Commands) {
    commands.spawn(Camera2dBundle::default());
}
examples/games/game_menu.rs (line 45)
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
fn setup(mut commands: Commands) {
    commands.spawn(Camera2dBundle::default());
}

mod splash {
    use bevy::prelude::*;

    use super::{despawn_screen, GameState};

    // This plugin will display a splash screen with Bevy logo for 1 second before switching to the menu
    pub fn splash_plugin(app: &mut App) {
        // As this plugin is managing the splash screen, it will focus on the state `GameState::Splash`
        app
            // When entering the state, spawn everything needed for this screen
            .add_systems(OnEnter(GameState::Splash), splash_setup)
            // While in this state, run the `countdown` system
            .add_systems(Update, countdown.run_if(in_state(GameState::Splash)))
            // When exiting the state, despawn everything that was spawned for this screen
            .add_systems(OnExit(GameState::Splash), despawn_screen::<OnSplashScreen>);
    }

    // Tag component used to tag entities added on the splash screen
    #[derive(Component)]
    struct OnSplashScreen;

    // Newtype to use a `Timer` for this screen as a resource
    #[derive(Resource, Deref, DerefMut)]
    struct SplashTimer(Timer);

    fn splash_setup(mut commands: Commands, asset_server: Res<AssetServer>) {
        let icon = asset_server.load("branding/icon.png");
        // Display the logo
        commands
            .spawn((
                NodeBundle {
                    style: Style {
                        align_items: AlignItems::Center,
                        justify_content: JustifyContent::Center,
                        width: Val::Percent(100.0),
                        height: Val::Percent(100.0),
                        ..default()
                    },
                    ..default()
                },
                OnSplashScreen,
            ))
            .with_children(|parent| {
                parent.spawn(ImageBundle {
                    style: Style {
                        // This will set the logo to be 200px wide, and auto adjust its height
                        width: Val::Px(200.0),
                        ..default()
                    },
                    image: UiImage::new(icon),
                    ..default()
                });
            });
        // Insert the timer as a resource
        commands.insert_resource(SplashTimer(Timer::from_seconds(1.0, TimerMode::Once)));
    }

    // Tick the timer, and change state when finished
    fn countdown(
        mut game_state: ResMut<NextState<GameState>>,
        time: Res<Time>,
        mut timer: ResMut<SplashTimer>,
    ) {
        if timer.tick(time.delta()).finished() {
            game_state.set(GameState::Menu);
        }
    }
}

mod game {
    use bevy::{
        color::palettes::basic::{BLUE, LIME},
        prelude::*,
    };

    use super::{despawn_screen, DisplayQuality, GameState, Volume, TEXT_COLOR};

    // This plugin will contain the game. In this case, it's just be a screen that will
    // display the current settings for 5 seconds before returning to the menu
    pub fn game_plugin(app: &mut App) {
        app.add_systems(OnEnter(GameState::Game), game_setup)
            .add_systems(Update, game.run_if(in_state(GameState::Game)))
            .add_systems(OnExit(GameState::Game), despawn_screen::<OnGameScreen>);
    }

    // Tag component used to tag entities added on the game screen
    #[derive(Component)]
    struct OnGameScreen;

    #[derive(Resource, Deref, DerefMut)]
    struct GameTimer(Timer);

    fn game_setup(
        mut commands: Commands,
        display_quality: Res<DisplayQuality>,
        volume: Res<Volume>,
    ) {
        commands
            .spawn((
                NodeBundle {
                    style: Style {
                        width: Val::Percent(100.0),
                        height: Val::Percent(100.0),
                        // center children
                        align_items: AlignItems::Center,
                        justify_content: JustifyContent::Center,
                        ..default()
                    },
                    ..default()
                },
                OnGameScreen,
            ))
            .with_children(|parent| {
                // First create a `NodeBundle` for centering what we want to display
                parent
                    .spawn(NodeBundle {
                        style: Style {
                            // This will display its children in a column, from top to bottom
                            flex_direction: FlexDirection::Column,
                            // `align_items` will align children on the cross axis. Here the main axis is
                            // vertical (column), so the cross axis is horizontal. This will center the
                            // children
                            align_items: AlignItems::Center,
                            ..default()
                        },
                        background_color: Color::BLACK.into(),
                        ..default()
                    })
                    .with_children(|parent| {
                        // Display two lines of text, the second one with the current settings
                        parent.spawn(
                            TextBundle::from_section(
                                "Will be back to the menu shortly...",
                                TextStyle {
                                    font_size: 80.0,
                                    color: TEXT_COLOR,
                                    ..default()
                                },
                            )
                            .with_style(Style {
                                margin: UiRect::all(Val::Px(50.0)),
                                ..default()
                            }),
                        );
                        parent.spawn(
                            TextBundle::from_sections([
                                TextSection::new(
                                    format!("quality: {:?}", *display_quality),
                                    TextStyle {
                                        font_size: 60.0,
                                        color: BLUE.into(),
                                        ..default()
                                    },
                                ),
                                TextSection::new(
                                    " - ",
                                    TextStyle {
                                        font_size: 60.0,
                                        color: TEXT_COLOR,
                                        ..default()
                                    },
                                ),
                                TextSection::new(
                                    format!("volume: {:?}", *volume),
                                    TextStyle {
                                        font_size: 60.0,
                                        color: LIME.into(),
                                        ..default()
                                    },
                                ),
                            ])
                            .with_style(Style {
                                margin: UiRect::all(Val::Px(50.0)),
                                ..default()
                            }),
                        );
                    });
            });
        // Spawn a 5 seconds timer to trigger going back to the menu
        commands.insert_resource(GameTimer(Timer::from_seconds(5.0, TimerMode::Once)));
    }

    // Tick the timer, and change state when finished
    fn game(
        time: Res<Time>,
        mut game_state: ResMut<NextState<GameState>>,
        mut timer: ResMut<GameTimer>,
    ) {
        if timer.tick(time.delta()).finished() {
            game_state.set(GameState::Menu);
        }
    }
}

mod menu {
    use bevy::{app::AppExit, color::palettes::css::CRIMSON, prelude::*};

    use super::{despawn_screen, DisplayQuality, GameState, Volume, TEXT_COLOR};

    // This plugin manages the menu, with 5 different screens:
    // - a main menu with "New Game", "Settings", "Quit"
    // - a settings menu with two submenus and a back button
    // - two settings screen with a setting that can be set and a back button
    pub fn menu_plugin(app: &mut App) {
        app
            // At start, the menu is not enabled. This will be changed in `menu_setup` when
            // entering the `GameState::Menu` state.
            // Current screen in the menu is handled by an independent state from `GameState`
            .init_state::<MenuState>()
            .add_systems(OnEnter(GameState::Menu), menu_setup)
            // Systems to handle the main menu screen
            .add_systems(OnEnter(MenuState::Main), main_menu_setup)
            .add_systems(OnExit(MenuState::Main), despawn_screen::<OnMainMenuScreen>)
            // Systems to handle the settings menu screen
            .add_systems(OnEnter(MenuState::Settings), settings_menu_setup)
            .add_systems(
                OnExit(MenuState::Settings),
                despawn_screen::<OnSettingsMenuScreen>,
            )
            // Systems to handle the display settings screen
            .add_systems(
                OnEnter(MenuState::SettingsDisplay),
                display_settings_menu_setup,
            )
            .add_systems(
                Update,
                (setting_button::<DisplayQuality>.run_if(in_state(MenuState::SettingsDisplay)),),
            )
            .add_systems(
                OnExit(MenuState::SettingsDisplay),
                despawn_screen::<OnDisplaySettingsMenuScreen>,
            )
            // Systems to handle the sound settings screen
            .add_systems(OnEnter(MenuState::SettingsSound), sound_settings_menu_setup)
            .add_systems(
                Update,
                setting_button::<Volume>.run_if(in_state(MenuState::SettingsSound)),
            )
            .add_systems(
                OnExit(MenuState::SettingsSound),
                despawn_screen::<OnSoundSettingsMenuScreen>,
            )
            // Common systems to all screens that handles buttons behavior
            .add_systems(
                Update,
                (menu_action, button_system).run_if(in_state(GameState::Menu)),
            );
    }

    // State used for the current menu screen
    #[derive(Clone, Copy, Default, Eq, PartialEq, Debug, Hash, States)]
    enum MenuState {
        Main,
        Settings,
        SettingsDisplay,
        SettingsSound,
        #[default]
        Disabled,
    }

    // Tag component used to tag entities added on the main menu screen
    #[derive(Component)]
    struct OnMainMenuScreen;

    // Tag component used to tag entities added on the settings menu screen
    #[derive(Component)]
    struct OnSettingsMenuScreen;

    // Tag component used to tag entities added on the display settings menu screen
    #[derive(Component)]
    struct OnDisplaySettingsMenuScreen;

    // Tag component used to tag entities added on the sound settings menu screen
    #[derive(Component)]
    struct OnSoundSettingsMenuScreen;

    const NORMAL_BUTTON: Color = Color::srgb(0.15, 0.15, 0.15);
    const HOVERED_BUTTON: Color = Color::srgb(0.25, 0.25, 0.25);
    const HOVERED_PRESSED_BUTTON: Color = Color::srgb(0.25, 0.65, 0.25);
    const PRESSED_BUTTON: Color = Color::srgb(0.35, 0.75, 0.35);

    // Tag component used to mark which setting is currently selected
    #[derive(Component)]
    struct SelectedOption;

    // All actions that can be triggered from a button click
    #[derive(Component)]
    enum MenuButtonAction {
        Play,
        Settings,
        SettingsDisplay,
        SettingsSound,
        BackToMainMenu,
        BackToSettings,
        Quit,
    }

    // This system handles changing all buttons color based on mouse interaction
    fn button_system(
        mut interaction_query: Query<
            (&Interaction, &mut UiImage, Option<&SelectedOption>),
            (Changed<Interaction>, With<Button>),
        >,
    ) {
        for (interaction, mut image, selected) in &mut interaction_query {
            image.color = match (*interaction, selected) {
                (Interaction::Pressed, _) | (Interaction::None, Some(_)) => PRESSED_BUTTON,
                (Interaction::Hovered, Some(_)) => HOVERED_PRESSED_BUTTON,
                (Interaction::Hovered, None) => HOVERED_BUTTON,
                (Interaction::None, None) => NORMAL_BUTTON,
            }
        }
    }

    // This system updates the settings when a new value for a setting is selected, and marks
    // the button as the one currently selected
    fn setting_button<T: Resource + Component + PartialEq + Copy>(
        interaction_query: Query<(&Interaction, &T, Entity), (Changed<Interaction>, With<Button>)>,
        mut selected_query: Query<(Entity, &mut UiImage), With<SelectedOption>>,
        mut commands: Commands,
        mut setting: ResMut<T>,
    ) {
        for (interaction, button_setting, entity) in &interaction_query {
            if *interaction == Interaction::Pressed && *setting != *button_setting {
                let (previous_button, mut previous_image) = selected_query.single_mut();
                previous_image.color = NORMAL_BUTTON;
                commands.entity(previous_button).remove::<SelectedOption>();
                commands.entity(entity).insert(SelectedOption);
                *setting = *button_setting;
            }
        }
    }

    fn menu_setup(mut menu_state: ResMut<NextState<MenuState>>) {
        menu_state.set(MenuState::Main);
    }

    fn main_menu_setup(mut commands: Commands, asset_server: Res<AssetServer>) {
        // Common style for all buttons on the screen
        let button_style = Style {
            width: Val::Px(250.0),
            height: Val::Px(65.0),
            margin: UiRect::all(Val::Px(20.0)),
            justify_content: JustifyContent::Center,
            align_items: AlignItems::Center,
            ..default()
        };
        let button_icon_style = Style {
            width: Val::Px(30.0),
            // This takes the icons out of the flexbox flow, to be positioned exactly
            position_type: PositionType::Absolute,
            // The icon will be close to the left border of the button
            left: Val::Px(10.0),
            ..default()
        };
        let button_text_style = TextStyle {
            font_size: 40.0,
            color: TEXT_COLOR,
            ..default()
        };

        commands
            .spawn((
                NodeBundle {
                    style: Style {
                        width: Val::Percent(100.0),
                        height: Val::Percent(100.0),
                        align_items: AlignItems::Center,
                        justify_content: JustifyContent::Center,
                        ..default()
                    },
                    ..default()
                },
                OnMainMenuScreen,
            ))
            .with_children(|parent| {
                parent
                    .spawn(NodeBundle {
                        style: Style {
                            flex_direction: FlexDirection::Column,
                            align_items: AlignItems::Center,
                            ..default()
                        },
                        background_color: CRIMSON.into(),
                        ..default()
                    })
                    .with_children(|parent| {
                        // Display the game name
                        parent.spawn(
                            TextBundle::from_section(
                                "Bevy Game Menu UI",
                                TextStyle {
                                    font_size: 80.0,
                                    color: TEXT_COLOR,
                                    ..default()
                                },
                            )
                            .with_style(Style {
                                margin: UiRect::all(Val::Px(50.0)),
                                ..default()
                            }),
                        );

                        // Display three buttons for each action available from the main menu:
                        // - new game
                        // - settings
                        // - quit
                        parent
                            .spawn((
                                ButtonBundle {
                                    style: button_style.clone(),
                                    background_color: NORMAL_BUTTON.into(),
                                    ..default()
                                },
                                MenuButtonAction::Play,
                            ))
                            .with_children(|parent| {
                                let icon = asset_server.load("textures/Game Icons/right.png");
                                parent.spawn(ImageBundle {
                                    style: button_icon_style.clone(),
                                    image: UiImage::new(icon),
                                    ..default()
                                });
                                parent.spawn(TextBundle::from_section(
                                    "New Game",
                                    button_text_style.clone(),
                                ));
                            });
                        parent
                            .spawn((
                                ButtonBundle {
                                    style: button_style.clone(),
                                    background_color: NORMAL_BUTTON.into(),
                                    ..default()
                                },
                                MenuButtonAction::Settings,
                            ))
                            .with_children(|parent| {
                                let icon = asset_server.load("textures/Game Icons/wrench.png");
                                parent.spawn(ImageBundle {
                                    style: button_icon_style.clone(),
                                    image: UiImage::new(icon),
                                    ..default()
                                });
                                parent.spawn(TextBundle::from_section(
                                    "Settings",
                                    button_text_style.clone(),
                                ));
                            });
                        parent
                            .spawn((
                                ButtonBundle {
                                    style: button_style,
                                    background_color: NORMAL_BUTTON.into(),
                                    ..default()
                                },
                                MenuButtonAction::Quit,
                            ))
                            .with_children(|parent| {
                                let icon = asset_server.load("textures/Game Icons/exitRight.png");
                                parent.spawn(ImageBundle {
                                    style: button_icon_style,
                                    image: UiImage::new(icon),
                                    ..default()
                                });
                                parent.spawn(TextBundle::from_section("Quit", button_text_style));
                            });
                    });
            });
    }

    fn settings_menu_setup(mut commands: Commands) {
        let button_style = Style {
            width: Val::Px(200.0),
            height: Val::Px(65.0),
            margin: UiRect::all(Val::Px(20.0)),
            justify_content: JustifyContent::Center,
            align_items: AlignItems::Center,
            ..default()
        };

        let button_text_style = TextStyle {
            font_size: 40.0,
            color: TEXT_COLOR,
            ..default()
        };

        commands
            .spawn((
                NodeBundle {
                    style: Style {
                        width: Val::Percent(100.0),
                        height: Val::Percent(100.0),
                        align_items: AlignItems::Center,
                        justify_content: JustifyContent::Center,
                        ..default()
                    },
                    ..default()
                },
                OnSettingsMenuScreen,
            ))
            .with_children(|parent| {
                parent
                    .spawn(NodeBundle {
                        style: Style {
                            flex_direction: FlexDirection::Column,
                            align_items: AlignItems::Center,
                            ..default()
                        },
                        background_color: CRIMSON.into(),
                        ..default()
                    })
                    .with_children(|parent| {
                        for (action, text) in [
                            (MenuButtonAction::SettingsDisplay, "Display"),
                            (MenuButtonAction::SettingsSound, "Sound"),
                            (MenuButtonAction::BackToMainMenu, "Back"),
                        ] {
                            parent
                                .spawn((
                                    ButtonBundle {
                                        style: button_style.clone(),
                                        background_color: NORMAL_BUTTON.into(),
                                        ..default()
                                    },
                                    action,
                                ))
                                .with_children(|parent| {
                                    parent.spawn(TextBundle::from_section(
                                        text,
                                        button_text_style.clone(),
                                    ));
                                });
                        }
                    });
            });
    }

    fn display_settings_menu_setup(mut commands: Commands, display_quality: Res<DisplayQuality>) {
        let button_style = Style {
            width: Val::Px(200.0),
            height: Val::Px(65.0),
            margin: UiRect::all(Val::Px(20.0)),
            justify_content: JustifyContent::Center,
            align_items: AlignItems::Center,
            ..default()
        };
        let button_text_style = TextStyle {
            font_size: 40.0,
            color: TEXT_COLOR,
            ..default()
        };

        commands
            .spawn((
                NodeBundle {
                    style: Style {
                        width: Val::Percent(100.0),
                        height: Val::Percent(100.0),
                        align_items: AlignItems::Center,
                        justify_content: JustifyContent::Center,
                        ..default()
                    },
                    ..default()
                },
                OnDisplaySettingsMenuScreen,
            ))
            .with_children(|parent| {
                parent
                    .spawn(NodeBundle {
                        style: Style {
                            flex_direction: FlexDirection::Column,
                            align_items: AlignItems::Center,
                            ..default()
                        },
                        background_color: CRIMSON.into(),
                        ..default()
                    })
                    .with_children(|parent| {
                        // Create a new `NodeBundle`, this time not setting its `flex_direction`. It will
                        // use the default value, `FlexDirection::Row`, from left to right.
                        parent
                            .spawn(NodeBundle {
                                style: Style {
                                    align_items: AlignItems::Center,
                                    ..default()
                                },
                                background_color: CRIMSON.into(),
                                ..default()
                            })
                            .with_children(|parent| {
                                // Display a label for the current setting
                                parent.spawn(TextBundle::from_section(
                                    "Display Quality",
                                    button_text_style.clone(),
                                ));
                                // Display a button for each possible value
                                for quality_setting in [
                                    DisplayQuality::Low,
                                    DisplayQuality::Medium,
                                    DisplayQuality::High,
                                ] {
                                    let mut entity = parent.spawn((
                                        ButtonBundle {
                                            style: Style {
                                                width: Val::Px(150.0),
                                                height: Val::Px(65.0),
                                                ..button_style.clone()
                                            },
                                            background_color: NORMAL_BUTTON.into(),
                                            ..default()
                                        },
                                        quality_setting,
                                    ));
                                    entity.with_children(|parent| {
                                        parent.spawn(TextBundle::from_section(
                                            format!("{quality_setting:?}"),
                                            button_text_style.clone(),
                                        ));
                                    });
                                    if *display_quality == quality_setting {
                                        entity.insert(SelectedOption);
                                    }
                                }
                            });
                        // Display the back button to return to the settings screen
                        parent
                            .spawn((
                                ButtonBundle {
                                    style: button_style,
                                    background_color: NORMAL_BUTTON.into(),
                                    ..default()
                                },
                                MenuButtonAction::BackToSettings,
                            ))
                            .with_children(|parent| {
                                parent.spawn(TextBundle::from_section("Back", button_text_style));
                            });
                    });
            });
    }

    fn sound_settings_menu_setup(mut commands: Commands, volume: Res<Volume>) {
        let button_style = Style {
            width: Val::Px(200.0),
            height: Val::Px(65.0),
            margin: UiRect::all(Val::Px(20.0)),
            justify_content: JustifyContent::Center,
            align_items: AlignItems::Center,
            ..default()
        };
        let button_text_style = TextStyle {
            font_size: 40.0,
            color: TEXT_COLOR,
            ..default()
        };

        commands
            .spawn((
                NodeBundle {
                    style: Style {
                        width: Val::Percent(100.0),
                        height: Val::Percent(100.0),
                        align_items: AlignItems::Center,
                        justify_content: JustifyContent::Center,
                        ..default()
                    },
                    ..default()
                },
                OnSoundSettingsMenuScreen,
            ))
            .with_children(|parent| {
                parent
                    .spawn(NodeBundle {
                        style: Style {
                            flex_direction: FlexDirection::Column,
                            align_items: AlignItems::Center,
                            ..default()
                        },
                        background_color: CRIMSON.into(),
                        ..default()
                    })
                    .with_children(|parent| {
                        parent
                            .spawn(NodeBundle {
                                style: Style {
                                    align_items: AlignItems::Center,
                                    ..default()
                                },
                                background_color: CRIMSON.into(),
                                ..default()
                            })
                            .with_children(|parent| {
                                parent.spawn(TextBundle::from_section(
                                    "Volume",
                                    button_text_style.clone(),
                                ));
                                for volume_setting in [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9] {
                                    let mut entity = parent.spawn((
                                        ButtonBundle {
                                            style: Style {
                                                width: Val::Px(30.0),
                                                height: Val::Px(65.0),
                                                ..button_style.clone()
                                            },
                                            background_color: NORMAL_BUTTON.into(),
                                            ..default()
                                        },
                                        Volume(volume_setting),
                                    ));
                                    if *volume == Volume(volume_setting) {
                                        entity.insert(SelectedOption);
                                    }
                                }
                            });
                        parent
                            .spawn((
                                ButtonBundle {
                                    style: button_style,
                                    background_color: NORMAL_BUTTON.into(),
                                    ..default()
                                },
                                MenuButtonAction::BackToSettings,
                            ))
                            .with_children(|parent| {
                                parent.spawn(TextBundle::from_section("Back", button_text_style));
                            });
                    });
            });
    }
examples/state/custom_transitions.rs (line 222)
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
fn setup(mut commands: Commands) {
    commands.spawn(Camera2dBundle::default());
}

fn setup_game(mut commands: Commands, asset_server: Res<AssetServer>) {
    commands.spawn(SpriteBundle {
        texture: asset_server.load("branding/icon.png"),
        ..default()
    });
    info!("Setup game");
}

fn teardown_game(mut commands: Commands, player: Query<Entity, With<Sprite>>) {
    commands.entity(player.single()).despawn();
    info!("Teardown game");
}

#[derive(Resource)]
struct MenuData {
    pub button_entity: Entity,
}

const NORMAL_BUTTON: Color = Color::srgb(0.15, 0.15, 0.15);
const HOVERED_BUTTON: Color = Color::srgb(0.25, 0.25, 0.25);
const PRESSED_BUTTON: Color = Color::srgb(0.35, 0.75, 0.35);

fn setup_menu(mut commands: Commands) {
    let button_entity = commands
        .spawn(NodeBundle {
            style: Style {
                // center button
                width: Val::Percent(100.),
                height: Val::Percent(100.),
                justify_content: JustifyContent::Center,
                align_items: AlignItems::Center,
                ..default()
            },
            ..default()
        })
        .with_children(|parent| {
            parent
                .spawn(ButtonBundle {
                    style: Style {
                        width: Val::Px(150.),
                        height: Val::Px(65.),
                        // horizontally center child text
                        justify_content: JustifyContent::Center,
                        // vertically center child text
                        align_items: AlignItems::Center,
                        ..default()
                    },
                    background_color: NORMAL_BUTTON.into(),
                    ..default()
                })
                .with_children(|parent| {
                    parent.spawn(TextBundle::from_section(
                        "Play",
                        TextStyle {
                            font_size: 40.0,
                            color: Color::srgb(0.9, 0.9, 0.9),
                            ..default()
                        },
                    ));
                });
        })
        .id();
    commands.insert_resource(MenuData { button_entity });
}
examples/state/states.rs (line 49)
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
fn setup(mut commands: Commands) {
    commands.spawn(Camera2dBundle::default());
}

fn setup_menu(mut commands: Commands) {
    let button_entity = commands
        .spawn(NodeBundle {
            style: Style {
                // center button
                width: Val::Percent(100.),
                height: Val::Percent(100.),
                justify_content: JustifyContent::Center,
                align_items: AlignItems::Center,
                ..default()
            },
            ..default()
        })
        .with_children(|parent| {
            parent
                .spawn(ButtonBundle {
                    style: Style {
                        width: Val::Px(150.),
                        height: Val::Px(65.),
                        // horizontally center child text
                        justify_content: JustifyContent::Center,
                        // vertically center child text
                        align_items: AlignItems::Center,
                        ..default()
                    },
                    background_color: NORMAL_BUTTON.into(),
                    ..default()
                })
                .with_children(|parent| {
                    parent.spawn(TextBundle::from_section(
                        "Play",
                        TextStyle {
                            font_size: 40.0,
                            color: Color::srgb(0.9, 0.9, 0.9),
                            ..default()
                        },
                    ));
                });
        })
        .id();
    commands.insert_resource(MenuData { button_entity });
}

fn menu(
    mut next_state: ResMut<NextState<AppState>>,
    mut interaction_query: Query<
        (&Interaction, &mut BackgroundColor),
        (Changed<Interaction>, With<Button>),
    >,
) {
    for (interaction, mut color) in &mut interaction_query {
        match *interaction {
            Interaction::Pressed => {
                *color = PRESSED_BUTTON.into();
                next_state.set(AppState::InGame);
            }
            Interaction::Hovered => {
                *color = HOVERED_BUTTON.into();
            }
            Interaction::None => {
                *color = NORMAL_BUTTON.into();
            }
        }
    }
}

fn cleanup_menu(mut commands: Commands, menu_data: Res<MenuData>) {
    commands.entity(menu_data.button_entity).despawn_recursive();
}

fn setup_game(mut commands: Commands, asset_server: Res<AssetServer>) {
    commands.spawn(SpriteBundle {
        texture: asset_server.load("branding/icon.png"),
        ..default()
    });
}
examples/window/clear_color.rs (line 17)
16
17
18
fn setup(mut commands: Commands) {
    commands.spawn(Camera2dBundle::default());
}
Additional examples can be found in:
source

pub fn entity(&mut self, entity: Entity) -> EntityCommands<'_>

Returns the EntityCommands for the requested Entity.

§Panics

This method panics if the requested entity does not exist.

§Example
use bevy_ecs::prelude::*;

#[derive(Component)]
struct Label(&'static str);
#[derive(Component)]
struct Strength(u32);
#[derive(Component)]
struct Agility(u32);

fn example_system(mut commands: Commands) {
    // Create a new, empty entity
    let entity = commands.spawn_empty().id();

    commands.entity(entity)
        // adds a new component bundle to the entity
        .insert((Strength(1), Agility(2)))
        // adds a single component to the entity
        .insert(Label("hello world"));
}
§See also
Examples found in repository?
examples/state/custom_transitions.rs (line 166)
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
fn cleanup_menu(mut commands: Commands, menu_data: Res<MenuData>) {
    commands.entity(menu_data.button_entity).despawn_recursive();
}

const SPEED: f32 = 100.0;
fn movement(
    time: Res<Time>,
    input: Res<ButtonInput<KeyCode>>,
    mut query: Query<&mut Transform, With<Sprite>>,
) {
    for mut transform in &mut query {
        let mut direction = Vec3::ZERO;
        if input.pressed(KeyCode::ArrowLeft) {
            direction.x -= 1.0;
        }
        if input.pressed(KeyCode::ArrowRight) {
            direction.x += 1.0;
        }
        if input.pressed(KeyCode::ArrowUp) {
            direction.y += 1.0;
        }
        if input.pressed(KeyCode::ArrowDown) {
            direction.y -= 1.0;
        }

        if direction != Vec3::ZERO {
            transform.translation += direction.normalize() * SPEED * time.delta_seconds();
        }
    }
}

fn change_color(time: Res<Time>, mut query: Query<&mut Sprite>) {
    for mut sprite in &mut query {
        let new_color = LinearRgba {
            blue: (time.elapsed_seconds() * 0.5).sin() + 2.0,
            ..LinearRgba::from(sprite.color)
        };

        sprite.color = new_color.into();
    }
}

// We can restart the game by pressing "R".
// This will trigger an [`AppState::InGame`] -> [`AppState::InGame`]
// transition, which will run our custom schedules.
fn trigger_game_restart(
    input: Res<ButtonInput<KeyCode>>,
    mut next_state: ResMut<NextState<AppState>>,
) {
    if input.just_pressed(KeyCode::KeyR) {
        // Although we are already in this state setting it again will generate an identity transition.
        // While default schedules ignore those kinds of transitions, our custom schedules will react to them.
        next_state.set(AppState::InGame);
    }
}

fn setup(mut commands: Commands) {
    commands.spawn(Camera2dBundle::default());
}

fn setup_game(mut commands: Commands, asset_server: Res<AssetServer>) {
    commands.spawn(SpriteBundle {
        texture: asset_server.load("branding/icon.png"),
        ..default()
    });
    info!("Setup game");
}

fn teardown_game(mut commands: Commands, player: Query<Entity, With<Sprite>>) {
    commands.entity(player.single()).despawn();
    info!("Teardown game");
}
More examples
Hide additional examples
examples/state/states.rs (line 119)
118
119
120
fn cleanup_menu(mut commands: Commands, menu_data: Res<MenuData>) {
    commands.entity(menu_data.button_entity).despawn_recursive();
}
examples/state/sub_states.rs (line 87)
86
87
88
fn cleanup_menu(mut commands: Commands, menu_data: Res<MenuData>) {
    commands.entity(menu_data.button_entity).despawn_recursive();
}
examples/state/computed_states.rs (line 420)
419
420
421
    pub fn cleanup_menu(mut commands: Commands, menu_data: Res<MenuData>) {
        commands.entity(menu_data.root_entity).despawn_recursive();
    }
examples/ecs/generic_system.rs (line 87)
85
86
87
88
89
fn cleanup_system<T: Component>(mut commands: Commands, query: Query<Entity, With<T>>) {
    for e in &query {
        commands.entity(e).despawn_recursive();
    }
}
examples/games/alien_cake_addict.rs (line 202)
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
fn teardown(mut commands: Commands, entities: Query<Entity, (Without<Camera>, Without<Window>)>) {
    for entity in &entities {
        commands.entity(entity).despawn();
    }
}

// control the game character
fn move_player(
    mut commands: Commands,
    keyboard_input: Res<ButtonInput<KeyCode>>,
    mut game: ResMut<Game>,
    mut transforms: Query<&mut Transform>,
    time: Res<Time>,
) {
    if game.player.move_cooldown.tick(time.delta()).finished() {
        let mut moved = false;
        let mut rotation = 0.0;

        if keyboard_input.pressed(KeyCode::ArrowUp) {
            if game.player.i < BOARD_SIZE_I - 1 {
                game.player.i += 1;
            }
            rotation = -PI / 2.;
            moved = true;
        }
        if keyboard_input.pressed(KeyCode::ArrowDown) {
            if game.player.i > 0 {
                game.player.i -= 1;
            }
            rotation = PI / 2.;
            moved = true;
        }
        if keyboard_input.pressed(KeyCode::ArrowRight) {
            if game.player.j < BOARD_SIZE_J - 1 {
                game.player.j += 1;
            }
            rotation = PI;
            moved = true;
        }
        if keyboard_input.pressed(KeyCode::ArrowLeft) {
            if game.player.j > 0 {
                game.player.j -= 1;
            }
            rotation = 0.0;
            moved = true;
        }

        // move on the board
        if moved {
            game.player.move_cooldown.reset();
            *transforms.get_mut(game.player.entity.unwrap()).unwrap() = Transform {
                translation: Vec3::new(
                    game.player.i as f32,
                    game.board[game.player.j][game.player.i].height,
                    game.player.j as f32,
                ),
                rotation: Quat::from_rotation_y(rotation),
                ..default()
            };
        }
    }

    // eat the cake!
    if let Some(entity) = game.bonus.entity {
        if game.player.i == game.bonus.i && game.player.j == game.bonus.j {
            game.score += 2;
            game.cake_eaten += 1;
            commands.entity(entity).despawn_recursive();
            game.bonus.entity = None;
        }
    }
}

// change the focus of the camera
fn focus_camera(
    time: Res<Time>,
    mut game: ResMut<Game>,
    mut transforms: ParamSet<(Query<&mut Transform, With<Camera3d>>, Query<&Transform>)>,
) {
    const SPEED: f32 = 2.0;
    // if there is both a player and a bonus, target the mid-point of them
    if let (Some(player_entity), Some(bonus_entity)) = (game.player.entity, game.bonus.entity) {
        let transform_query = transforms.p1();
        if let (Ok(player_transform), Ok(bonus_transform)) = (
            transform_query.get(player_entity),
            transform_query.get(bonus_entity),
        ) {
            game.camera_should_focus = player_transform
                .translation
                .lerp(bonus_transform.translation, 0.5);
        }
        // otherwise, if there is only a player, target the player
    } else if let Some(player_entity) = game.player.entity {
        if let Ok(player_transform) = transforms.p1().get(player_entity) {
            game.camera_should_focus = player_transform.translation;
        }
        // otherwise, target the middle
    } else {
        game.camera_should_focus = Vec3::from(RESET_FOCUS);
    }
    // calculate the camera motion based on the difference between where the camera is looking
    // and where it should be looking; the greater the distance, the faster the motion;
    // smooth out the camera movement using the frame time
    let mut camera_motion = game.camera_should_focus - game.camera_is_focus;
    if camera_motion.length() > 0.2 {
        camera_motion *= SPEED * time.delta_seconds();
        // set the new camera's actual focus
        game.camera_is_focus += camera_motion;
    }
    // look at that new camera's actual focus
    for mut transform in transforms.p0().iter_mut() {
        *transform = transform.looking_at(game.camera_is_focus, Vec3::Y);
    }
}

// despawn the bonus if there is one, then spawn a new one at a random location
fn spawn_bonus(
    time: Res<Time>,
    mut timer: ResMut<BonusSpawnTimer>,
    mut next_state: ResMut<NextState<GameState>>,
    mut commands: Commands,
    mut game: ResMut<Game>,
    mut rng: ResMut<Random>,
) {
    // make sure we wait enough time before spawning the next cake
    if !timer.0.tick(time.delta()).finished() {
        return;
    }

    if let Some(entity) = game.bonus.entity {
        game.score -= 3;
        commands.entity(entity).despawn_recursive();
        game.bonus.entity = None;
        if game.score <= -5 {
            next_state.set(GameState::GameOver);
            return;
        }
    }

    // ensure bonus doesn't spawn on the player
    loop {
        game.bonus.i = rng.gen_range(0..BOARD_SIZE_I);
        game.bonus.j = rng.gen_range(0..BOARD_SIZE_J);
        if game.bonus.i != game.player.i || game.bonus.j != game.player.j {
            break;
        }
    }
    game.bonus.entity = Some(
        commands
            .spawn(SceneBundle {
                transform: Transform::from_xyz(
                    game.bonus.i as f32,
                    game.board[game.bonus.j][game.bonus.i].height + 0.2,
                    game.bonus.j as f32,
                ),
                scene: game.bonus.handle.clone(),
                ..default()
            })
            .with_children(|children| {
                children.spawn(PointLightBundle {
                    point_light: PointLight {
                        color: Color::srgb(1.0, 1.0, 0.0),
                        intensity: 500_000.0,
                        range: 10.0,
                        ..default()
                    },
                    transform: Transform::from_xyz(0.0, 2.0, 0.0),
                    ..default()
                });
            })
            .id(),
    );
}
Additional examples can be found in:
source

pub fn get_entity(&mut self, entity: Entity) -> Option<EntityCommands<'_>>

Returns the EntityCommands for the requested Entity, if it exists.

Returns None if the entity does not exist.

This method does not guarantee that EntityCommands will be successfully applied, since another command in the queue may delete the entity before them.

§Example
use bevy_ecs::prelude::*;

#[derive(Component)]
struct Label(&'static str);
fn example_system(mut commands: Commands) {
    // Create a new, empty entity
    let entity = commands.spawn_empty().id();

    // Get the entity if it still exists, which it will in this case
    if let Some(mut entity_commands) = commands.get_entity(entity) {
        // adds a single component to the entity
        entity_commands.insert(Label("hello world"));
    }
}
§See also
  • entity for the panicking version.
Examples found in repository?
examples/ecs/observers.rs (line 151)
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
fn explode_mine(trigger: Trigger<Explode>, query: Query<&Mine>, mut commands: Commands) {
    // If a triggered event is targeting a specific entity you can access it with `.entity()`
    let id = trigger.entity();
    let Some(mut entity) = commands.get_entity(id) else {
        return;
    };
    info!("Boom! {:?} exploded.", id.index());
    entity.despawn();
    let mine = query.get(id).unwrap();
    // Trigger another explosion cascade.
    commands.trigger(ExplodeMines {
        pos: mine.pos,
        radius: mine.size,
    });
}
source

pub fn spawn_batch<I>(&mut self, bundles_iter: I)
where I: IntoIterator + Send + Sync + 'static, <I as IntoIterator>::Item: Bundle,

Pushes a Command to the queue for creating entities with a particular Bundle type.

bundles_iter is a type that can be converted into a Bundle iterator (it can also be a collection).

This method is equivalent to iterating bundles_iter and calling spawn on each bundle, but it is faster due to memory pre-allocation.

§Example
commands.spawn_batch(vec![
    (
        Name("Alice".to_string()),
        Score(0),
    ),
    (
        Name("Bob".to_string()),
        Score(0),
    ),
]);
§See also
  • spawn to spawn an entity with a bundle.
  • spawn_empty to spawn an entity without any components.
Examples found in repository?
examples/ecs/ecs_guide.rs (lines 154-167)
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
fn startup_system(mut commands: Commands, mut game_state: ResMut<GameState>) {
    // Create our game rules resource
    commands.insert_resource(GameRules {
        max_rounds: 10,
        winning_score: 4,
        max_players: 4,
    });

    // Add some players to our world. Players start with a score of 0 ... we want our game to be
    // fair!
    commands.spawn_batch(vec![
        (
            Player {
                name: "Alice".to_string(),
            },
            Score { value: 0 },
        ),
        (
            Player {
                name: "Bob".to_string(),
            },
            Score { value: 0 },
        ),
    ]);

    // set the total players to "2"
    game_state.total_players = 2;
}
More examples
Hide additional examples
examples/stress_tests/many_sprites.rs (line 104)
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
fn setup(mut commands: Commands, assets: Res<AssetServer>, color_tint: Res<ColorTint>) {
    warn!(include_str!("warning_string.txt"));

    let mut rng = rand::thread_rng();

    let tile_size = Vec2::splat(64.0);
    let map_size = Vec2::splat(320.0);

    let half_x = (map_size.x / 2.0) as i32;
    let half_y = (map_size.y / 2.0) as i32;

    let sprite_handle = assets.load("branding/icon.png");

    // Spawns the camera

    commands.spawn(Camera2dBundle::default());

    // Builds and spawns the sprites
    let mut sprites = vec![];
    for y in -half_y..half_y {
        for x in -half_x..half_x {
            let position = Vec2::new(x as f32, y as f32);
            let translation = (position * tile_size).extend(rng.gen::<f32>());
            let rotation = Quat::from_rotation_z(rng.gen::<f32>());
            let scale = Vec3::splat(rng.gen::<f32>() * 2.0);

            sprites.push(SpriteBundle {
                texture: sprite_handle.clone(),
                transform: Transform {
                    translation,
                    rotation,
                    scale,
                },
                sprite: Sprite {
                    custom_size: Some(tile_size),
                    color: if color_tint.0 {
                        COLORS[rng.gen_range(0..3)]
                    } else {
                        Color::WHITE
                    },
                    ..default()
                },
                ..default()
            });
        }
    }
    commands.spawn_batch(sprites);
}
examples/stress_tests/many_lights.rs (lines 75-91)
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
fn setup(
    mut commands: Commands,
    mut meshes: ResMut<Assets<Mesh>>,
    mut materials: ResMut<Assets<StandardMaterial>>,
) {
    warn!(include_str!("warning_string.txt"));

    const LIGHT_RADIUS: f32 = 0.3;
    const LIGHT_INTENSITY: f32 = 1000.0;
    const RADIUS: f32 = 50.0;
    const N_LIGHTS: usize = 100_000;

    commands.spawn(PbrBundle {
        mesh: meshes.add(Sphere::new(RADIUS).mesh().ico(9).unwrap()),
        material: materials.add(Color::WHITE),
        transform: Transform::from_scale(Vec3::NEG_ONE),
        ..default()
    });

    let mesh = meshes.add(Cuboid::default());
    let material = materials.add(StandardMaterial {
        base_color: DEEP_PINK.into(),
        ..default()
    });

    // NOTE: This pattern is good for testing performance of culling as it provides roughly
    // the same number of visible meshes regardless of the viewing angle.
    // NOTE: f64 is used to avoid precision issues that produce visual artifacts in the distribution
    let golden_ratio = 0.5f64 * (1.0f64 + 5.0f64.sqrt());

    // Spawn N_LIGHTS many lights
    commands.spawn_batch((0..N_LIGHTS).map(move |i| {
        let mut rng = thread_rng();

        let spherical_polar_theta_phi = fibonacci_spiral_on_sphere(golden_ratio, i, N_LIGHTS);
        let unit_sphere_p = spherical_polar_to_cartesian(spherical_polar_theta_phi);

        PointLightBundle {
            point_light: PointLight {
                range: LIGHT_RADIUS,
                intensity: LIGHT_INTENSITY,
                color: Color::hsl(rng.gen_range(0.0..360.0), 1.0, 0.5),
                ..default()
            },
            transform: Transform::from_translation((RADIUS as f64 * unit_sphere_p).as_vec3()),
            ..default()
        }
    }));

    // camera
    match std::env::args().nth(1).as_deref() {
        Some("orthographic") => commands.spawn(Camera3dBundle {
            projection: OrthographicProjection {
                scale: 20.0,
                scaling_mode: ScalingMode::FixedHorizontal(1.0),
                ..default()
            }
            .into(),
            ..default()
        }),
        _ => commands.spawn(Camera3dBundle::default()),
    };

    // add one cube, the only one with strong handles
    // also serves as a reference point during rotation
    commands.spawn(PbrBundle {
        mesh,
        material,
        transform: Transform {
            translation: Vec3::new(0.0, RADIUS, 0.0),
            scale: Vec3::splat(5.0),
            ..default()
        },
        ..default()
    });
}
examples/3d/spotlight.rs (lines 59-76)
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
fn setup(
    mut commands: Commands,
    mut meshes: ResMut<Assets<Mesh>>,
    mut materials: ResMut<Assets<StandardMaterial>>,
) {
    // ground plane
    commands.spawn((
        PbrBundle {
            mesh: meshes.add(Plane3d::default().mesh().size(100.0, 100.0)),
            material: materials.add(Color::WHITE),
            ..default()
        },
        Movable,
    ));

    // cubes

    // We're seeding the PRNG here to make this example deterministic for testing purposes.
    // This isn't strictly required in practical use unless you need your app to be deterministic.
    let mut rng = ChaCha8Rng::seed_from_u64(19878367467713);
    let cube_mesh = meshes.add(Cuboid::new(0.5, 0.5, 0.5));
    let blue = materials.add(Color::srgb_u8(124, 144, 255));

    commands.spawn_batch(
        std::iter::repeat_with(move || {
            let x = rng.gen_range(-5.0..5.0);
            let y = rng.gen_range(0.0..3.0);
            let z = rng.gen_range(-5.0..5.0);

            (
                PbrBundle {
                    mesh: cube_mesh.clone(),
                    material: blue.clone(),
                    transform: Transform::from_xyz(x, y, z),
                    ..default()
                },
                Movable,
            )
        })
        .take(40),
    );

    let sphere_mesh = meshes.add(Sphere::new(0.05).mesh().uv(32, 18));
    let sphere_mesh_direction = meshes.add(Sphere::new(0.1).mesh().uv(32, 18));
    let red_emissive = materials.add(StandardMaterial {
        base_color: RED.into(),
        emissive: LinearRgba::new(1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0),
        ..default()
    });
    let maroon_emissive = materials.add(StandardMaterial {
        base_color: MAROON.into(),
        emissive: LinearRgba::new(0.369, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0),
        ..default()
    });

    for x in 0..4 {
        for z in 0..4 {
            let x = x as f32 - 2.0;
            let z = z as f32 - 2.0;
            // red spot_light
            commands
                .spawn(SpotLightBundle {
                    transform: Transform::from_xyz(1.0 + x, 2.0, z)
                        .looking_at(Vec3::new(1.0 + x, 0.0, z), Vec3::X),
                    spot_light: SpotLight {
                        intensity: 40_000.0, // lumens
                        color: Color::WHITE,
                        shadows_enabled: true,
                        inner_angle: PI / 4.0 * 0.85,
                        outer_angle: PI / 4.0,
                        ..default()
                    },
                    ..default()
                })
                .with_children(|builder| {
                    builder.spawn(PbrBundle {
                        mesh: sphere_mesh.clone(),
                        material: red_emissive.clone(),
                        ..default()
                    });
                    builder.spawn((
                        PbrBundle {
                            transform: Transform::from_translation(Vec3::Z * -0.1),
                            mesh: sphere_mesh_direction.clone(),
                            material: maroon_emissive.clone(),
                            ..default()
                        },
                        NotShadowCaster,
                    ));
                });
        }
    }

    // camera
    commands.spawn(Camera3dBundle {
        camera: Camera {
            hdr: true,
            ..default()
        },
        transform: Transform::from_xyz(-4.0, 5.0, 10.0).looking_at(Vec3::ZERO, Vec3::Y),
        ..default()
    });

    commands.spawn(
        TextBundle::from_section(INSTRUCTIONS, TextStyle::default()).with_style(Style {
            position_type: PositionType::Absolute,
            top: Val::Px(12.0),
            left: Val::Px(12.0),
            ..default()
        }),
    );
}
examples/stress_tests/bevymark.rs (line 423)
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
fn spawn_birds(
    commands: &mut Commands,
    args: &Args,
    primary_window_resolution: &WindowResolution,
    counter: &mut BevyCounter,
    spawn_count: usize,
    bird_resources: &mut BirdResources,
    waves_to_simulate: Option<usize>,
    wave: usize,
) {
    let bird_x = (primary_window_resolution.width() / -2.) + HALF_BIRD_SIZE;
    let bird_y = (primary_window_resolution.height() / 2.) - HALF_BIRD_SIZE;

    let half_extents = 0.5 * primary_window_resolution.size();

    let color = counter.color;
    let current_count = counter.count;

    match args.mode {
        Mode::Sprite => {
            let batch = (0..spawn_count)
                .map(|count| {
                    let bird_z = if args.ordered_z {
                        (current_count + count) as f32 * 0.00001
                    } else {
                        bird_resources.transform_rng.gen::<f32>()
                    };

                    let (transform, velocity) = bird_velocity_transform(
                        half_extents,
                        Vec3::new(bird_x, bird_y, bird_z),
                        &mut bird_resources.velocity_rng,
                        waves_to_simulate,
                        FIXED_DELTA_TIME,
                    );

                    let color = if args.vary_per_instance {
                        Color::linear_rgb(
                            bird_resources.color_rng.gen(),
                            bird_resources.color_rng.gen(),
                            bird_resources.color_rng.gen(),
                        )
                    } else {
                        color
                    };
                    (
                        SpriteBundle {
                            texture: bird_resources
                                .textures
                                .choose(&mut bird_resources.material_rng)
                                .unwrap()
                                .clone(),
                            transform,
                            sprite: Sprite { color, ..default() },
                            ..default()
                        },
                        Bird { velocity },
                    )
                })
                .collect::<Vec<_>>();
            commands.spawn_batch(batch);
        }
        Mode::Mesh2d => {
            let batch = (0..spawn_count)
                .map(|count| {
                    let bird_z = if args.ordered_z {
                        (current_count + count) as f32 * 0.00001
                    } else {
                        bird_resources.transform_rng.gen::<f32>()
                    };

                    let (transform, velocity) = bird_velocity_transform(
                        half_extents,
                        Vec3::new(bird_x, bird_y, bird_z),
                        &mut bird_resources.velocity_rng,
                        waves_to_simulate,
                        FIXED_DELTA_TIME,
                    );

                    let material =
                        if args.vary_per_instance || args.material_texture_count > args.waves {
                            bird_resources
                                .materials
                                .choose(&mut bird_resources.material_rng)
                                .unwrap()
                                .clone()
                        } else {
                            bird_resources.materials[wave % bird_resources.materials.len()].clone()
                        };
                    (
                        MaterialMesh2dBundle {
                            mesh: bird_resources.quad.clone(),
                            material,
                            transform,
                            ..default()
                        },
                        Bird { velocity },
                    )
                })
                .collect::<Vec<_>>();
            commands.spawn_batch(batch);
        }
    }

    counter.count += spawn_count;
    counter.color = Color::linear_rgb(
        bird_resources.color_rng.gen(),
        bird_resources.color_rng.gen(),
        bird_resources.color_rng.gen(),
    );
}
source

pub fn push<C>(&mut self, command: C)
where C: Command,

Push a Command onto the queue.

source

pub fn insert_or_spawn_batch<I, B>(&mut self, bundles_iter: I)
where I: IntoIterator<Item = (Entity, B)> + Send + Sync + 'static, B: Bundle,

Pushes a Command to the queue for creating entities, if needed, and for adding a bundle to each entity.

bundles_iter is a type that can be converted into an (Entity, Bundle) iterator (it can also be a collection).

When the command is applied, for each (Entity, Bundle) pair in the given bundles_iter, the Entity is spawned, if it does not exist already. Then, the Bundle is added to the entity.

This method is equivalent to iterating bundles_iter, calling get_or_spawn for each bundle, and passing it to insert, but it is faster due to memory pre-allocation.

§Note

Spawning a specific entity value is rarely the right choice. Most apps should use Commands::spawn_batch. This method should generally only be used for sharing entities across apps, and only when they have a scheme worked out to share an ID space (which doesn’t happen by default).

Examples found in repository?
examples/2d/mesh2d_manual.rs (line 344)
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
pub fn extract_colored_mesh2d(
    mut commands: Commands,
    mut previous_len: Local<usize>,
    // When extracting, you must use `Extract` to mark the `SystemParam`s
    // which should be taken from the main world.
    query: Extract<
        Query<(Entity, &ViewVisibility, &GlobalTransform, &Mesh2dHandle), With<ColoredMesh2d>>,
    >,
    mut render_mesh_instances: ResMut<RenderColoredMesh2dInstances>,
) {
    let mut values = Vec::with_capacity(*previous_len);
    for (entity, view_visibility, transform, handle) in &query {
        if !view_visibility.get() {
            continue;
        }

        let transforms = Mesh2dTransforms {
            world_from_local: (&transform.affine()).into(),
            flags: MeshFlags::empty().bits(),
        };

        values.push((entity, ColoredMesh2d));
        render_mesh_instances.insert(
            entity,
            RenderMesh2dInstance {
                mesh_asset_id: handle.0.id(),
                transforms,
                material_bind_group_id: Material2dBindGroupId::default(),
                automatic_batching: false,
            },
        );
    }
    *previous_len = values.len();
    commands.insert_or_spawn_batch(values);
}
source

pub fn init_resource<R>(&mut self)
where R: Resource + FromWorld,

Pushes a Command to the queue for inserting a Resource in the World with an inferred value.

The inferred value is determined by the FromWorld trait of the resource. When the command is applied, if the resource already exists, nothing happens.

See World::init_resource for more details.

§Example
commands.init_resource::<Scoreboard>();
Examples found in repository?
examples/shader/custom_phase_item.rs (line 228)
227
228
229
fn prepare_custom_phase_item_buffers(mut commands: Commands) {
    commands.init_resource::<CustomPhaseItemBuffers>();
}
source

pub fn insert_resource<R>(&mut self, resource: R)
where R: Resource,

Pushes a Command to the queue for inserting a Resource in the World with a specific value.

This will overwrite any previous value of the same resource type.

See World::insert_resource for more details.

§Example
commands.insert_resource(Scoreboard {
    current_score: 0,
    high_score: 0,
});
Examples found in repository?
examples/audio/pitch.rs (line 22)
21
22
23
fn setup(mut commands: Commands) {
    commands.insert_resource(PitchFrequency(220.0));
}
More examples
Hide additional examples
examples/app/headless_renderer.rs (lines 323-325)
322
323
324
325
326
fn image_copy_extract(mut commands: Commands, image_copiers: Extract<Query<&ImageCopier>>) {
    commands.insert_resource(ImageCopiers(
        image_copiers.iter().cloned().collect::<Vec<ImageCopier>>(),
    ));
}
examples/2d/texture_atlas.rs (line 34)
32
33
34
35
fn load_textures(mut commands: Commands, asset_server: Res<AssetServer>) {
    // load multiple, individual sprites from a folder
    commands.insert_resource(RpgSpriteFolder(asset_server.load_folder("textures/rpg")));
}
examples/async_tasks/async_compute.rs (line 40)
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
fn add_assets(
    mut commands: Commands,
    mut meshes: ResMut<Assets<Mesh>>,
    mut materials: ResMut<Assets<StandardMaterial>>,
) {
    let box_mesh_handle = meshes.add(Cuboid::new(0.25, 0.25, 0.25));
    commands.insert_resource(BoxMeshHandle(box_mesh_handle));

    let box_material_handle = materials.add(Color::srgb(1.0, 0.2, 0.3));
    commands.insert_resource(BoxMaterialHandle(box_material_handle));
}
examples/asset/processing/asset_processing.rs (lines 237-243)
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
fn setup(mut commands: Commands, assets: Res<AssetServer>) {
    // This the final processed versions of `assets/a.cool.ron` and `assets/foo.c.cool.ron`
    // Check out their counterparts in `imported_assets` to see what the outputs look like.
    commands.insert_resource(TextAssets {
        a: assets.load("a.cool.ron"),
        b: assets.load("foo/b.cool.ron"),
        c: assets.load("foo/c.cool.ron"),
        d: assets.load("d.cool.ron"),
        e: assets.load("embedded://asset_processing/e.txt"),
    });
}
examples/2d/sprite_tile.rs (lines 23-28)
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
fn setup(mut commands: Commands, asset_server: Res<AssetServer>) {
    commands.spawn(Camera2dBundle::default());
    commands.insert_resource(AnimationState {
        min: 128.0,
        max: 512.0,
        current: 128.0,
        speed: 50.0,
    });
    commands.spawn((
        SpriteBundle {
            texture: asset_server.load("branding/icon.png"),
            ..default()
        },
        ImageScaleMode::Tiled {
            tile_x: true,
            tile_y: true,
            stretch_value: 0.5, // The image will tile every 128px
        },
    ));
}
Additional examples can be found in:
source

pub fn remove_resource<R>(&mut self)
where R: Resource,

Pushes a Command to the queue for removing a Resource from the World.

See World::remove_resource for more details.

§Example
commands.remove_resource::<Scoreboard>();
Examples found in repository?
examples/games/desk_toy.rs (line 281)
280
281
282
fn end_drag(mut commands: Commands) {
    commands.remove_resource::<DragOperation>();
}
More examples
Hide additional examples
examples/asset/multi_asset_sync.rs (line 303)
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
fn despawn_loading_state_entities(mut commands: Commands, loading: Query<Entity, With<Loading>>) {
    // Despawn entities in the loading phase.
    for entity in loading.iter() {
        commands.entity(entity).despawn_recursive();
    }

    // Despawn resources used in the loading phase.
    commands.remove_resource::<AssetBarrier>();
    commands.remove_resource::<AsyncLoadingState>();
}
source

pub fn run_system(&mut self, id: SystemId)

Runs the system corresponding to the given SystemId. Systems are ran in an exclusive and single threaded way. Running slow systems can become a bottleneck.

Calls World::run_system.

There is no way to get the output of a system when run as a command, because the execution of the system happens later. To get the output of a system, use World::run_system or World::run_system_with_input instead of running the system as a command.

Examples found in repository?
examples/ecs/one_shot_systems.rs (line 77)
75
76
77
78
79
80
fn evaluate_callbacks(query: Query<(Entity, &Callback), With<Triggered>>, mut commands: Commands) {
    for (entity, callback) in query.iter() {
        commands.run_system(callback.0);
        commands.entity(entity).remove::<Triggered>();
    }
}
More examples
Hide additional examples
examples/games/loading_screen.rs (line 112)
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
fn level_selection(
    mut commands: Commands,
    keyboard: Res<ButtonInput<KeyCode>>,
    level_data: Res<LevelData>,
    loading_state: Res<LoadingState>,
) {
    // Only trigger a load if the current level is fully loaded.
    if let LoadingState::LevelReady = loading_state.as_ref() {
        if keyboard.just_pressed(KeyCode::Digit1) {
            commands.run_system(level_data.unload_level_id);
            commands.run_system(level_data.level_1_id);
        } else if keyboard.just_pressed(KeyCode::Digit2) {
            commands.run_system(level_data.unload_level_id);
            commands.run_system(level_data.level_2_id);
        }
    }
}
source

pub fn run_system_with_input<I>(&mut self, id: SystemId<I>, input: I)
where I: 'static + Send,

Runs the system corresponding to the given SystemId. Systems are ran in an exclusive and single threaded way. Running slow systems can become a bottleneck.

Calls World::run_system_with_input.

There is no way to get the output of a system when run as a command, because the execution of the system happens later. To get the output of a system, use World::run_system or World::run_system_with_input instead of running the system as a command.

source

pub fn register_one_shot_system<I, O, M, S>( &mut self, system: S, ) -> SystemId<I, O>
where I: 'static + Send, O: 'static + Send, S: IntoSystem<I, O, M> + 'static,

Registers a system and returns a SystemId so it can later be called by World::run_system.

It’s possible to register the same systems more than once, they’ll be stored separately.

This is different from adding systems to a Schedule, because the SystemId that is returned can be used anywhere in the World to run the associated system. This allows for running systems in a push-based fashion. Using a Schedule is still preferred for most cases due to its better performance and ability to run non-conflicting systems simultaneously.

If you want to prevent Commands from registering the same system multiple times, consider using Local

§Example

#[derive(Resource)]
struct Counter(i32);

fn register_system(mut local_system: Local<Option<SystemId>>, mut commands: Commands) {
    if let Some(system) = *local_system {
        commands.run_system(system);
    } else {
        *local_system = Some(commands.register_one_shot_system(increment_counter));
    }
}

fn increment_counter(mut value: ResMut<Counter>) {
    value.0 += 1;
}
Examples found in repository?
examples/ecs/one_shot_systems.rs (line 43)
42
43
44
45
fn setup_with_commands(mut commands: Commands) {
    let system_id = commands.register_one_shot_system(system_a);
    commands.spawn((Callback(system_id), A));
}
More examples
Hide additional examples
examples/games/loading_screen.rs (line 73)
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
fn setup(mut commands: Commands) {
    let level_data = LevelData {
        unload_level_id: commands.register_one_shot_system(unload_current_level),
        level_1_id: commands.register_one_shot_system(load_level_1),
        level_2_id: commands.register_one_shot_system(load_level_2),
    };
    commands.insert_resource(level_data);

    // Spawns the UI that will show the user prompts.
    let text_style = TextStyle {
        font_size: 50.0,
        ..default()
    };
    commands
        .spawn(NodeBundle {
            background_color: BackgroundColor(Color::NONE),
            style: Style {
                justify_self: JustifySelf::Center,
                align_self: AlignSelf::FlexEnd,
                ..default()
            },
            ..default()
        })
        .with_children(|parent| {
            parent.spawn(TextBundle::from_section(
                "Press 1 or 2 to load a new scene.",
                text_style,
            ));
        });
}
source

pub fn add<C>(&mut self, command: C)
where C: Command,

Pushes a generic Command to the command queue.

command can be a built-in command, custom struct that implements Command or a closure that takes &mut World as an argument.

§Example
#[derive(Resource, Default)]
struct Counter(u64);

struct AddToCounter(u64);

impl Command for AddToCounter {
    fn apply(self, world: &mut World) {
        let mut counter = world.get_resource_or_insert_with(Counter::default);
        counter.0 += self.0;
    }
}

fn add_three_to_counter_system(mut commands: Commands) {
    commands.add(AddToCounter(3));
}
fn add_twenty_five_to_counter_system(mut commands: Commands) {
    commands.add(|world: &mut World| {
        let mut counter = world.get_resource_or_insert_with(Counter::default);
        counter.0 += 25;
    });
}
source

pub fn trigger(&mut self, event: impl Event)

Sends a “global” [Trigger] without any targets. This will run any Observer of the event that isn’t scoped to specific targets.

Examples found in repository?
examples/ecs/observers.rs (lines 158-161)
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
fn explode_mine(trigger: Trigger<Explode>, query: Query<&Mine>, mut commands: Commands) {
    // If a triggered event is targeting a specific entity you can access it with `.entity()`
    let id = trigger.entity();
    let Some(mut entity) = commands.get_entity(id) else {
        return;
    };
    info!("Boom! {:?} exploded.", id.index());
    entity.despawn();
    let mine = query.get(id).unwrap();
    // Trigger another explosion cascade.
    commands.trigger(ExplodeMines {
        pos: mine.pos,
        radius: mine.size,
    });
}

// Draw a circle for each mine using `Gizmos`
fn draw_shapes(mut gizmos: Gizmos, mines: Query<&Mine>) {
    for mine in &mines {
        gizmos.circle_2d(
            mine.pos,
            mine.size,
            Color::hsl((mine.size - 4.0) / 16.0 * 360.0, 1.0, 0.8),
        );
    }
}

// Trigger `ExplodeMines` at the position of a given click
fn handle_click(
    mouse_button_input: Res<ButtonInput<MouseButton>>,
    camera: Query<(&Camera, &GlobalTransform)>,
    windows: Query<&Window>,
    mut commands: Commands,
) {
    let (camera, camera_transform) = camera.single();
    if let Some(pos) = windows
        .single()
        .cursor_position()
        .and_then(|cursor| camera.viewport_to_world(camera_transform, cursor))
        .map(|ray| ray.origin.truncate())
    {
        if mouse_button_input.just_pressed(MouseButton::Left) {
            commands.trigger(ExplodeMines { pos, radius: 1.0 });
        }
    }
}
source

pub fn trigger_targets( &mut self, event: impl Event, targets: impl TriggerTargets, )

Sends a [Trigger] for the given targets. This will run any Observer of the event that watches those targets.

Examples found in repository?
examples/ecs/observers.rs (line 32)
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
fn main() {
    App::new()
        .add_plugins(DefaultPlugins)
        .init_resource::<SpatialIndex>()
        .add_systems(Startup, setup)
        .add_systems(Update, (draw_shapes, handle_click))
        // Observers are systems that run when an event is "triggered". This observer runs whenever
        // `ExplodeMines` is triggered.
        .observe(
            |trigger: Trigger<ExplodeMines>,
             mines: Query<&Mine>,
             index: Res<SpatialIndex>,
             mut commands: Commands| {
                // You can access the trigger data via the `Observer`
                let event = trigger.event();
                // Access resources
                for e in index.get_nearby(event.pos) {
                    // Run queries
                    let mine = mines.get(e).unwrap();
                    if mine.pos.distance(event.pos) < mine.size + event.radius {
                        // And queue commands, including triggering additional events
                        // Here we trigger the `Explode` event for entity `e`
                        commands.trigger_targets(Explode, e);
                    }
                }
            },
        )
        // This observer runs whenever the `Mine` component is added to an entity, and places it in a simple spatial index.
        .observe(on_add_mine)
        // This observer runs whenever the `Mine` component is removed from an entity (including despawning it)
        // and removes it from the spatial index.
        .observe(on_remove_mine)
        .run();
}
source

pub fn observe<E, B, M>( &mut self, observer: impl IntoObserverSystem<E, B, M>, ) -> EntityCommands<'_>
where E: Event, B: Bundle,

Spawn an Observer and returns the EntityCommands associated with the entity that stores the observer.

Trait Implementations§

source§

impl SystemParam for Commands<'_, '_>

source§

type State = FetchState

Used to store data which persists across invocations of a system.
source§

type Item<'w, 's> = Commands<'w, 's>

The item type returned when constructing this system param. The value of this associated type should be Self, instantiated with new lifetimes. Read more
source§

fn init_state( world: &mut World, system_meta: &mut SystemMeta, ) -> <Commands<'_, '_> as SystemParam>::State

Registers any World access used by this SystemParam and creates a new instance of this param’s State.
source§

unsafe fn new_archetype( state: &mut <Commands<'_, '_> as SystemParam>::State, archetype: &Archetype, system_meta: &mut SystemMeta, )

For the specified Archetype, registers the components accessed by this SystemParam (if applicable).a Read more
source§

fn apply( state: &mut <Commands<'_, '_> as SystemParam>::State, system_meta: &SystemMeta, world: &mut World, )

Applies any deferred mutations stored in this SystemParam’s state. This is used to apply Commands during apply_deferred.
source§

fn queue( state: &mut <Commands<'_, '_> as SystemParam>::State, system_meta: &SystemMeta, world: DeferredWorld<'_>, )

Queues any deferred mutations to be applied at the next apply_deferred.
source§

unsafe fn get_param<'w, 's>( state: &'s mut <Commands<'_, '_> as SystemParam>::State, system_meta: &SystemMeta, world: UnsafeWorldCell<'w>, change_tick: Tick, ) -> <Commands<'_, '_> as SystemParam>::Item<'w, 's>

Creates a parameter to be passed into a SystemParamFunction. Read more
source§

impl<'w, 's> ReadOnlySystemParam for Commands<'w, 's>
where Deferred<'s, CommandQueue>: ReadOnlySystemParam, &'w Entities: ReadOnlySystemParam,

source§

impl Send for Commands<'_, '_>

source§

impl Sync for Commands<'_, '_>

Auto Trait Implementations§

§

impl<'w, 's> Freeze for Commands<'w, 's>

§

impl<'w, 's> RefUnwindSafe for Commands<'w, 's>

§

impl<'w, 's> Unpin for Commands<'w, 's>

§

impl<'w, 's> !UnwindSafe for Commands<'w, 's>

Blanket Implementations§

source§

impl<T> Any for T
where T: 'static + ?Sized,

source§

fn type_id(&self) -> TypeId

Gets the TypeId of self. Read more
source§

impl<T, U> AsBindGroupShaderType<U> for T
where U: ShaderType, &'a T: for<'a> Into<U>,

source§

fn as_bind_group_shader_type(&self, _images: &RenderAssets<GpuImage>) -> U

Return the T ShaderType for self. When used in AsBindGroup derives, it is safe to assume that all images in self exist.
source§

impl<T> Borrow<T> for T
where T: ?Sized,

source§

fn borrow(&self) -> &T

Immutably borrows from an owned value. Read more
source§

impl<T> BorrowMut<T> for T
where T: ?Sized,

source§

fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T

Mutably borrows from an owned value. Read more
source§

impl<T> Downcast<T> for T

source§

fn downcast(&self) -> &T

source§

impl<T> Downcast for T
where T: Any,

source§

fn into_any(self: Box<T>) -> Box<dyn Any>

Convert Box<dyn Trait> (where Trait: Downcast) to Box<dyn Any>. Box<dyn Any> can then be further downcast into Box<ConcreteType> where ConcreteType implements Trait.
source§

fn into_any_rc(self: Rc<T>) -> Rc<dyn Any>

Convert Rc<Trait> (where Trait: Downcast) to Rc<Any>. Rc<Any> can then be further downcast into Rc<ConcreteType> where ConcreteType implements Trait.
source§

fn as_any(&self) -> &(dyn Any + 'static)

Convert &Trait (where Trait: Downcast) to &Any. This is needed since Rust cannot generate &Any’s vtable from &Trait’s.
source§

fn as_any_mut(&mut self) -> &mut (dyn Any + 'static)

Convert &mut Trait (where Trait: Downcast) to &Any. This is needed since Rust cannot generate &mut Any’s vtable from &mut Trait’s.
source§

impl<T> DowncastSync for T
where T: Any + Send + Sync,

source§

fn into_any_arc(self: Arc<T>) -> Arc<dyn Any + Sync + Send>

Convert Arc<Trait> (where Trait: Downcast) to Arc<Any>. Arc<Any> can then be further downcast into Arc<ConcreteType> where ConcreteType implements Trait.
source§

impl<T> From<T> for T

source§

fn from(t: T) -> T

Returns the argument unchanged.

source§

impl<S> FromSample<S> for S

source§

fn from_sample_(s: S) -> S

source§

impl<T> Instrument for T

source§

fn instrument(self, span: Span) -> Instrumented<Self> ⓘ

Instruments this type with the provided Span, returning an Instrumented wrapper. Read more
source§

fn in_current_span(self) -> Instrumented<Self> ⓘ

Instruments this type with the current Span, returning an Instrumented wrapper. Read more
source§

impl<T, U> Into<U> for T
where U: From<T>,

source§

fn into(self) -> U

Calls U::from(self).

That is, this conversion is whatever the implementation of From<T> for U chooses to do.

source§

impl<T> IntoEither for T

source§

fn into_either(self, into_left: bool) -> Either<Self, Self> ⓘ

Converts self into a Left variant of Either<Self, Self> if into_left is true. Converts self into a Right variant of Either<Self, Self> otherwise. Read more
source§

fn into_either_with<F>(self, into_left: F) -> Either<Self, Self> ⓘ
where F: FnOnce(&Self) -> bool,

Converts self into a Left variant of Either<Self, Self> if into_left(&self) returns true. Converts self into a Right variant of Either<Self, Self> otherwise. Read more
source§

impl<F, T> IntoSample<T> for F
where T: FromSample<F>,

source§

fn into_sample(self) -> T

source§

impl<T> Pointable for T

source§

const ALIGN: usize = _

The alignment of pointer.
source§

type Init = T

The type for initializers.
source§

unsafe fn init(init: <T as Pointable>::Init) -> usize

Initializes a with the given initializer. Read more
source§

unsafe fn deref<'a>(ptr: usize) -> &'a T

Dereferences the given pointer. Read more
source§

unsafe fn deref_mut<'a>(ptr: usize) -> &'a mut T

Mutably dereferences the given pointer. Read more
source§

unsafe fn drop(ptr: usize)

Drops the object pointed to by the given pointer. Read more
source§

impl<T> Same for T

source§

type Output = T

Should always be Self
source§

impl<T, U> ToSample<U> for T
where U: FromSample<T>,

source§

fn to_sample_(self) -> U

source§

impl<T, U> TryFrom<U> for T
where U: Into<T>,

source§

type Error = Infallible

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.
source§

fn try_from(value: U) -> Result<T, <T as TryFrom<U>>::Error>

Performs the conversion.
source§

impl<T, U> TryInto<U> for T
where U: TryFrom<T>,

source§

type Error = <U as TryFrom<T>>::Error

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.
source§

fn try_into(self) -> Result<U, <U as TryFrom<T>>::Error>

Performs the conversion.
source§

impl<T> Upcast<T> for T

source§

fn upcast(&self) -> Option<&T>

source§

impl<V, T> VZip<V> for T
where V: MultiLane<T>,

source§

fn vzip(self) -> V

source§

impl<T> WithSubscriber for T

source§

fn with_subscriber<S>(self, subscriber: S) -> WithDispatch<Self> ⓘ
where S: Into<Dispatch>,

Attaches the provided Subscriber to this type, returning a WithDispatch wrapper. Read more
source§

fn with_current_subscriber(self) -> WithDispatch<Self> ⓘ

Attaches the current default Subscriber to this type, returning a WithDispatch wrapper. Read more
source§

impl<T> ConditionalSend for T
where T: Send,

source§

impl<S, T> Duplex<S> for T
where T: FromSample<S> + ToSample<S>,

source§

impl<T> Settings for T
where T: 'static + Send + Sync,

source§

impl<T> WasmNotSend for T
where T: Send,

source§

impl<T> WasmNotSendSync for T
where T: WasmNotSend + WasmNotSync,

source§

impl<T> WasmNotSync for T
where T: Sync,