azul_css/

css.rs

//! Types and methods used to describe the style of an application.
//!
//! This module defines the core CSS data model:
//!
//! - [`Css`] contains one or more [`Stylesheet`]s, each holding [`CssRuleBlock`]s.
//! - A [`CssRuleBlock`] pairs a [`CssPath`] (selector) with [`CssDeclaration`]s (properties).
//! - [`CssPropertyValue<T>`] wraps individual property values with CSS keywords
//!   (`auto`, `inherit`, `initial`, etc.).
//! - [`BoxOrStatic<T>`] is a smart-pointer enum for heap-allocated or static CSS values.
//! - [`NodeTypeTag`] enumerates all recognized HTML/SVG element types for selector matching.
use alloc::{string::String, vec::Vec};
use core::fmt;

use crate::{
    corety::OptionString,
    dynamic_selector::DynamicSelectorVec,
    props::property::{CssProperty, CssPropertyType},
    AzString,
};

/// Css stylesheet - contains a parsed CSS stylesheet in "rule blocks",
/// i.e. blocks of key-value pairs associated with a selector path.
///
/// Layer separation (UA / system / author / inline / runtime) is encoded
/// per-rule via `CssRuleBlock::priority`; see [`rule_priority`] for the
/// slot allocation. There is no separate `Stylesheet` wrapper — to merge
/// two CSS sources, concatenate their `rules` and re-sort.
#[derive(Debug, Default, PartialEq, Clone)]
#[repr(C)]
pub struct Css {
    /// All rule blocks, in source order. Sort by `(priority, specificity)`
    /// via `sort_by_specificity` to put them in cascade order.
    pub rules: CssRuleBlockVec,
}

impl_option!(
    Css,
    OptionCss,
    copy = false,
    [Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd]
);

impl_vec!(Css, CssVec, CssVecDestructor, CssVecDestructorType, CssVecSlice, OptionCss);
impl_vec_mut!(Css, CssVec);
impl_vec_debug!(Css, CssVec);
impl_vec_partialord!(Css, CssVec);
impl_vec_clone!(Css, CssVec, CssVecDestructor);
impl_vec_partialeq!(Css, CssVec);

impl_vec!(CssRuleBlock, CssRuleBlockVec, CssRuleBlockVecDestructor, CssRuleBlockVecDestructorType, CssRuleBlockVecSlice, OptionCssRuleBlock);
impl_vec_mut!(CssRuleBlock, CssRuleBlockVec);
impl_vec_debug!(CssRuleBlock, CssRuleBlockVec);
impl_vec_partialord!(CssRuleBlock, CssRuleBlockVec);
impl_vec_clone!(CssRuleBlock, CssRuleBlockVec, CssRuleBlockVecDestructor);
impl_vec_partialeq!(CssRuleBlock, CssRuleBlockVec);

impl Css {
    /// The viewport-size thresholds (widths, heights, logical px) at which
    /// any `@media (min-/max-width/height)` rule in this stylesheet can flip.
    /// Sorted, deduplicated by bit pattern. Used by the engine's resize
    /// decision instead of a hardcoded breakpoint list.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn viewport_breakpoints(&self) -> (Vec<f32>, Vec<f32>) {
        let mut w = Vec::new();
        let mut h = Vec::new();
        for rule in self.rules.as_ref() {
            crate::dynamic_selector::collect_viewport_thresholds(
                rule.conditions.as_ref(),
                &mut w,
                &mut h,
            );
        }
        w.sort_by_key(|v| v.to_bits());
        w.dedup_by_key(|v| v.to_bits());
        h.sort_by_key(|v| v.to_bits());
        h.dedup_by_key(|v| v.to_bits());
        (w, h)
    }

    #[must_use] pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
        self.rules.as_ref().is_empty()
    }

    #[must_use] pub fn new(rules: Vec<CssRuleBlock>) -> Self {
        Self {
            rules: rules.into(),
        }
    }

    #[cfg(feature = "parser")]
    // takes the owned C-ABI `AzString` by value by FFI ownership-transfer convention,
    // even though only a string slice is read here.
    #[allow(clippy::needless_pass_by_value)]
    #[must_use] pub fn from_string(s: AzString) -> Self {
        crate::parser2::new_from_str(s.as_str()).0
    }

    /// Parse inline-style CSS (bare properties, pseudo blocks, @-rule blocks)
    /// and return a `Css` whose rules carry `rule_priority::INLINE`.
    ///
    /// Wraps the input in `* { ... }` so the main CSS parser can handle bare
    /// properties at the top level. Pseudo and at-rule blocks like
    /// `:hover { color: red; }` or `@os(linux) { font-size: 14px; }` work
    /// directly via CSS nesting.
    #[cfg(feature = "parser")]
    #[must_use] pub fn parse_inline(style: &str) -> Self {
        use alloc::string::ToString;
        let mut wrapped = String::with_capacity(style.len() + 6);
        wrapped.push_str("* {\n");
        wrapped.push_str(style);
        wrapped.push_str("\n}");
        let (mut css, _warnings) = crate::parser2::new_from_str(&wrapped);
        // A `}` in `style` closes the `* {` wrapper early, so the remainder is parsed as
        // a free-standing rule with a caller-controlled selector (selector injection).
        // Every rule an inline style produces MUST stay rooted at the `*` wrapper, so
        // drop any that isn't Global-rooted. Legitimate pseudo/at-rule nesting stays a
        // child of `*` (still Global-rooted per push_front_scope), so it is kept.
        css.rules.retain(|rule| {
            matches!(
                rule.path.selectors.as_ref().first(),
                None | Some(CssPathSelector::Global)
            )
        });
        for rule in css.rules.as_mut() {
            rule.priority = rule_priority::INLINE;
        }
        css
    }

    #[cfg(feature = "parser")]
    // takes the owned C-ABI `AzString` by value by FFI ownership-transfer convention,
    // even though only a string slice is read here.
    #[allow(clippy::needless_pass_by_value)]
    #[must_use] pub fn from_string_with_warnings(
        s: AzString,
    ) -> (Self, Vec<crate::parser2::CssParseWarnMsgOwned>) {
        let (css, warnings) = crate::parser2::new_from_str(s.as_str());
        (
            css,
            warnings
                .into_iter()
                .map(|w| crate::parser2::CssParseWarnMsgOwned {
                    warning: w.warning.to_contained(),
                    location: w.location,
                })
                .collect(),
        )
    }
}

impl From<Vec<CssRuleBlock>> for Css {
    fn from(rules: Vec<CssRuleBlock>) -> Self {
        Self {
            rules: rules.into(),
        }
    }
}

// NodeData derives Eq + Ord and carries `Css` as its inline style. Provide
// length-based ordering so the derives keep working — the same pattern the
// previous `CssPropertyWithConditionsVec` used.
impl Eq for Css {}
// PartialOrd delegates to the length-based Ord so the two agree (the derived
// field-wise PartialOrd diverged from this manual Ord).
impl PartialOrd for Css {
    fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Option<core::cmp::Ordering> {
        Some(self.cmp(other))
    }
}
impl Ord for Css {
    fn cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> core::cmp::Ordering {
        self.rules.as_ref().len().cmp(&other.rules.as_ref().len())
    }
}
impl Eq for CssRuleBlock {}
impl Ord for CssRuleBlock {
    fn cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> core::cmp::Ordering {
        // Match the existing PartialOrd: path first, then declarations.
        // Priority is intentionally not in the sort key — it's a layer label,
        // not a comparison primitive for callers.
        self.path.cmp(&other.path).then_with(|| self.declarations.cmp(&other.declarations))
    }
}

/// Convert a flat list of `CssPropertyWithConditions` (the legacy inline-CSS form)
/// into a `Css`. Each property becomes a single-declaration `CssRuleBlock` with
/// `priority = INLINE`, an empty path (implicitly `:scope` — applies to the node it
/// lives on), and the original conditions intact.
///
/// This bridge lets widget code that built `&[CssPropertyWithConditions]` arrays
/// keep working through `.into()` while the storage on `NodeData` is the unified
/// `Css` type.
impl From<crate::dynamic_selector::CssPropertyWithConditionsVec> for Css {
    fn from(props: crate::dynamic_selector::CssPropertyWithConditionsVec) -> Self {
        // Build via an explicit push loop rather than `.into_iter().map(|p| CssRuleBlock {
        // declarations: vec![...], ... }).collect()`. On the web/remill lift, constructing a
        // complex struct with nested Vecs *inside* a mapped+collected closure drops every
        // element (AzButton's inline container style came back with 0 rules even though the
        // source Vec had props), whereas the identical construction in a plain loop body lifts
        // correctly — same pattern `NodeData::add_css_property` already relies on. Native
        // behavior is byte-identical.
        let owned = props.into_library_owned_vec();
        let mut rules: Vec<CssRuleBlock> = Vec::with_capacity(owned.len());
        for p in owned {
            rules.push(CssRuleBlock {
                path: CssPath { selectors: Vec::new().into() },
                declarations: alloc::vec![CssDeclaration::Static(p.property)].into(),
                conditions: p.apply_if,
                priority: rule_priority::INLINE,
            });
        }
        Self { rules: rules.into() }
    }
}

/// Contains one parsed `key: value` pair, static or dynamic
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord)]
#[repr(C, u8)]
pub enum CssDeclaration {
    /// Static key-value pair, such as `width: 500px`
    Static(CssProperty),
    /// Dynamic key-value pair with default value, such as `width: [[ my_id | 500px ]]`
    Dynamic(DynamicCssProperty),
}

impl_option!(
    CssDeclaration,
    OptionCssDeclaration,
    copy = false,
    [Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash]
);

impl CssDeclaration {
    #[must_use] pub const fn new_static(prop: CssProperty) -> Self {
        Self::Static(prop)
    }

    #[must_use] pub const fn new_dynamic(prop: DynamicCssProperty) -> Self {
        Self::Dynamic(prop)
    }

    /// Returns the type of the property (i.e. the CSS key as a typed enum)
    #[must_use] pub const fn get_type(&self) -> CssPropertyType {
        use self::CssDeclaration::{Static, Dynamic};
        match self {
            Static(s) => s.get_type(),
            Dynamic(d) => d.default_value.get_type(),
        }
    }

    /// Determines if the property will be inherited (applied to the children)
    /// during the recursive application of the style on the DOM tree
    #[must_use] pub const fn is_inheritable(&self) -> bool {
        use self::CssDeclaration::{Static, Dynamic};
        match self {
            Static(s) => s.get_type().is_inheritable(),
            Dynamic(d) => d.is_inheritable(),
        }
    }

    /// Returns whether this rule affects only styling properties or layout
    /// properties (that could trigger a re-layout)
    #[must_use] pub const fn can_trigger_relayout(&self) -> bool {
        use self::CssDeclaration::{Static, Dynamic};
        match self {
            Static(s) => s.get_type().can_trigger_relayout(),
            Dynamic(d) => d.can_trigger_relayout(),
        }
    }

    #[must_use] pub fn to_str(&self) -> String {
        use self::CssDeclaration::{Static, Dynamic};
        match self {
            Static(s) => format!("{s:?}"),
            Dynamic(d) => format!("var(--{}, {:?})", d.dynamic_id, d.default_value),
        }
    }
}

/// A `DynamicCssProperty` is a type of css property that can be changed on possibly
/// every frame by the Rust code - for example to implement an `On::Hover` behaviour.
///
/// The syntax for such a property looks like this:
///
/// ```no_run,ignore
/// #my_div {
///    padding: var(--my_dynamic_property_id, 400px);
/// }
/// ```
///
/// Azul will register a dynamic property with the key "`my_dynamic_property_id`"
/// and the default value of 400px. If the property gets overridden during one frame,
/// the overridden property takes precedence.
///
/// At runtime the style is immutable (which is a performance optimization - if we
/// can assume that the property never changes at runtime), we can do some optimizations on it.
/// Dynamic style properties can also be used for animations and conditional styles
/// (i.e. `hover`, `focus`, etc.), thereby leading to cleaner code, since all of these
/// special cases now use one single API.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord)]
#[repr(C)]
pub struct DynamicCssProperty {
    /// The stringified ID of this property, i.e. the `"my_id"` in `width: var(--my_id, 500px)`.
    pub dynamic_id: AzString,
    /// Default values for this properties - one single value can control multiple properties!
    pub default_value: CssProperty,
}

/// A value that is either heap-allocated (parsed at runtime) or a compile-time
/// static reference.
///
/// Used to reduce enum size for large CSS property payloads
/// by storing them behind a pointer instead of inline.
///
/// - Size: 1 (tag) + 7 (padding) + 8 (pointer) = **16 bytes** on 64-bit
/// - `Static` variant: no allocation, just a `*const T` pointer to static data
/// - `Boxed` variant: heap-allocated via `Box::into_raw`, freed on Drop
#[repr(C, u8)]
pub enum BoxOrStatic<T> {
    /// Heap-allocated (parsed at runtime). Owned — freed on Drop.
    Boxed(*mut T),
    /// Compile-time constant (e.g. from `const` CSS defaults). Not freed.
    Static(*const T),
}

impl<T> BoxOrStatic<T> {
    /// Allocate `value` on the heap and return a `Boxed` variant.
    #[inline]
    pub fn heap(value: T) -> Self {
        Self::Boxed(Box::into_raw(Box::new(value)))
    }

    /// Return a reference to the inner value.
    ///
    /// # Safety invariant
    /// The inner pointer must be non-null. This is guaranteed by [`heap`](Self::heap)
    /// and the `Static` constructor (which should always point to valid data).
    #[inline]
    #[must_use] pub fn as_ref(&self) -> &T {
        match self {
            Self::Boxed(ptr) => unsafe {
                debug_assert!(!ptr.is_null(), "BoxOrStatic::Boxed contained a null pointer");
                &**ptr
            },
            Self::Static(ptr) => unsafe {
                debug_assert!(!ptr.is_null(), "BoxOrStatic::Static contained a null pointer");
                &**ptr
            },
        }
    }

    /// Return a mutable reference to the inner value (only for Boxed).
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// Panics if called on a `Static` variant: static values are immutable
    /// and cannot hand out a `&mut`.
    #[inline]
    pub fn as_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T {
        match self {
            Self::Boxed(ptr) => unsafe { &mut **ptr },
            Self::Static(_) => panic!("Cannot mutate a static BoxOrStatic value"),
        }
    }

    /// Consume self and return the inner value.
    #[inline]
    #[must_use] pub fn into_inner(self) -> T where T: Clone {
        // Clone the inner value, then let `self` drop normally so `Drop` frees the
        // heap box (for the Boxed variant). The old `mem::forget(self)` LEAKED that
        // box on every call — the clone is an independent value, so there is no
        // double-free to guard against.
        self.as_ref().clone()
    }
}

impl<T> Drop for BoxOrStatic<T> {
    fn drop(&mut self) {
        if let Self::Boxed(ptr) = self {
            if !ptr.is_null() {
                unsafe { drop(Box::from_raw(*ptr)); }
                *ptr = core::ptr::null_mut();
            }
        }
    }
}

impl<T: Clone> Clone for BoxOrStatic<T> {
    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
        match self {
            Self::Boxed(ptr) => {
                let val = unsafe { &**ptr }.clone();
                Self::Boxed(Box::into_raw(Box::new(val)))
            }
            Self::Static(ptr) => Self::Static(*ptr),
        }
    }
}

impl<T: fmt::Debug> fmt::Debug for BoxOrStatic<T> {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        self.as_ref().fmt(f)
    }
}

impl<T: fmt::Display> fmt::Display for BoxOrStatic<T> {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        self.as_ref().fmt(f)
    }
}

impl<T: PartialEq> PartialEq for BoxOrStatic<T> {
    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
        self.as_ref() == other.as_ref()
    }
}

impl<T: Eq> Eq for BoxOrStatic<T> {}

impl<T: core::hash::Hash> core::hash::Hash for BoxOrStatic<T> {
    fn hash<H: core::hash::Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
        self.as_ref().hash(state);
    }
}

impl<T: PartialOrd> PartialOrd for BoxOrStatic<T> {
    fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Option<core::cmp::Ordering> {
        self.as_ref().partial_cmp(other.as_ref())
    }
}

impl<T: Ord> Ord for BoxOrStatic<T> {
    fn cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> core::cmp::Ordering {
        self.as_ref().cmp(other.as_ref())
    }
}

impl<T> core::ops::Deref for BoxOrStatic<T> {
    type Target = T;
    #[inline]
    fn deref(&self) -> &T {
        self.as_ref()
    }
}

impl<T: Default> Default for BoxOrStatic<T> {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self::heap(T::default())
    }
}

impl<T: PrintAsCssValue> PrintAsCssValue for BoxOrStatic<T> {
    fn print_as_css_value(&self) -> String {
        self.as_ref().print_as_css_value()
    }
}

// Safety: BoxOrStatic<T> is Send if T is Send
unsafe impl<T: Send + 'static> Send for BoxOrStatic<T> {}
// Safety: BoxOrStatic<T> is Sync if T is Sync
unsafe impl<T: Sync + 'static> Sync for BoxOrStatic<T> {}

/// Type alias: `BoxOrStatic<StyleBoxShadow>` — used by codegen for FFI monomorphization.
pub type BoxOrStaticStyleBoxShadow = BoxOrStatic<crate::props::style::box_shadow::StyleBoxShadow>;

/// Type alias: `BoxOrStatic<AzString>` — used by `NodeType::Text` and `NodeType::Icon`.
pub type BoxOrStaticString = BoxOrStatic<AzString>;

/// A CSS property value that may be an explicit value or a CSS-wide keyword
/// (`auto`, `none`, `initial`, `inherit`, `revert`, `unset`).
#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord)]
#[repr(C, u8)] // necessary for ABI stability
pub enum CssPropertyValue<T> {
    Auto,
    None,
    Initial,
    Inherit,
    Revert,
    Unset,
    Exact(T),
}

/// Trait for types that can format themselves as a CSS property value string.
pub trait PrintAsCssValue {
    fn print_as_css_value(&self) -> String;
}

impl<T: PrintAsCssValue> CssPropertyValue<T> {
    pub fn get_css_value_fmt(&self) -> String {
        match self {
            Self::Auto => "auto".to_string(),
            Self::None => "none".to_string(),
            Self::Initial => "initial".to_string(),
            Self::Inherit => "inherit".to_string(),
            Self::Revert => "revert".to_string(),
            Self::Unset => "unset".to_string(),
            Self::Exact(e) => e.print_as_css_value(),
        }
    }
}

impl<T: fmt::Display> fmt::Display for CssPropertyValue<T> {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        use self::CssPropertyValue::{Auto, None, Initial, Inherit, Revert, Unset, Exact};
        match self {
            Auto => write!(f, "auto"),
            None => write!(f, "none"),
            Initial => write!(f, "initial"),
            Inherit => write!(f, "inherit"),
            Revert => write!(f, "revert"),
            Unset => write!(f, "unset"),
            Exact(e) => write!(f, "{e}"),
        }
    }
}

impl<T> From<T> for CssPropertyValue<T> {
    fn from(c: T) -> Self {
        Self::Exact(c)
    }
}

impl<T> CssPropertyValue<T> {
    /// Transforms a `CssPropertyValue<T>` into a `CssPropertyValue<U>` by applying a mapping
    /// function
    #[inline]
    pub fn map_property<F: Fn(T) -> U, U>(self, map_fn: F) -> CssPropertyValue<U> {
        match self {
            Self::Exact(c) => CssPropertyValue::Exact(map_fn(c)),
            Self::Auto => CssPropertyValue::Auto,
            Self::None => CssPropertyValue::None,
            Self::Initial => CssPropertyValue::Initial,
            Self::Inherit => CssPropertyValue::Inherit,
            Self::Revert => CssPropertyValue::Revert,
            Self::Unset => CssPropertyValue::Unset,
        }
    }

    #[inline]
    pub const fn get_property(&self) -> Option<&T> {
        match self {
            Self::Exact(c) => Some(c),
            _ => None,
        }
    }

    #[inline]
    pub fn get_property_owned(self) -> Option<T> {
        match self {
            Self::Exact(c) => Some(c),
            _ => None,
        }
    }

    #[inline]
    pub const fn is_auto(&self) -> bool {
        matches!(self, Self::Auto)
    }

    #[inline]
    pub const fn is_none(&self) -> bool {
        matches!(self, Self::None)
    }

    #[inline]
    pub const fn is_initial(&self) -> bool {
        matches!(self, Self::Initial)
    }

    #[inline]
    pub const fn is_inherit(&self) -> bool {
        matches!(self, Self::Inherit)
    }

    #[inline]
    pub const fn is_revert(&self) -> bool {
        matches!(self, Self::Revert)
    }

    #[inline]
    pub const fn is_unset(&self) -> bool {
        matches!(self, Self::Unset)
    }
}

impl<T: Default> CssPropertyValue<T> {
    #[inline]
    pub fn get_property_or_default(self) -> Option<T> {
        match self {
            Self::Auto | Self::Initial => Some(T::default()),
            Self::Exact(c) => Some(c),
            Self::None
            | Self::Inherit
            | Self::Revert
            | Self::Unset => None,
        }
    }
}

impl<T: Default> Default for CssPropertyValue<T> {
    #[inline]
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self::Exact(T::default())
    }
}

impl DynamicCssProperty {
    #[must_use] pub const fn is_inheritable(&self) -> bool {
        // Dynamic style properties should not be inheritable,
        // since that could lead to bugs - you set a property in Rust, suddenly
        // the wrong UI component starts to react because it was inherited.
        false
    }

    #[must_use] pub const fn can_trigger_relayout(&self) -> bool {
        self.default_value.get_type().can_trigger_relayout()
    }
}

/// Layer priority for `CssRuleBlock`. Lower numbers cascade first;
/// higher numbers override earlier layers at the same specificity.
///
/// `u8` leaves 256 slots, so a new layer can be inserted between any
/// two existing slots without renumbering consumers. The gaps between
/// named slots are intentional — fill them with custom intermediate
/// layers if/when `@layer` lands.
pub mod rule_priority {
    /// User-Agent / framework defaults. Widget code that emits its
    /// own default CSS uses this. Lowest priority — anything else
    /// overrides it.
    pub const UA: u8 = 0;

    /// Stylesheets the host system reports (system fonts, theme CSS
    /// derived from `SystemStyle`). One step above UA so they win
    /// against framework defaults but lose against anything the app
    /// author writes.
    pub const SYSTEM: u8 = 10;

    /// Default for parser-produced rules: the app author's CSS.
    /// Everything coming out of `Css::from_string` lives here.
    pub const AUTHOR: u8 = 20;

    /// Inline `style="..."` / `NodeData::set_css(...)` rules — used
    /// once the inline-vs-component unification (separate plan) folds
    /// inline storage into the same Vec.
    pub const INLINE: u8 = 30;

    /// Reserved for direct-rule runtime overrides.
    ///
    /// Today the
    /// `prop_cache` handles runtime overrides via
    /// `user_overridden_properties`; this slot is reserved so a
    /// future "push a `CssRuleBlock` at runtime" path stays above
    /// inline. Used only when a callback writes a full rule, not a
    /// single property.
    pub const RUNTIME: u8 = 50;
}

/// One block of rules that applies a bunch of rules to a "path" in the style, i.e.
/// `div#myid.myclass -> { ("justify-content", "center") }`
///
/// The `conditions` field contains @media/@lang/etc. conditions that must ALL be
/// satisfied for this rule block to apply (from enclosing @-rule blocks).
#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone, PartialEq)]
#[repr(C)]
pub struct CssRuleBlock {
    /// The css path (full selector) of the style ruleset
    pub path: CssPath,
    /// `"justify-content: center"` =>
    /// `CssDeclaration::Static(CssProperty::JustifyContent(LayoutJustifyContent::Center))`
    pub declarations: CssDeclarationVec,
    /// Conditions from enclosing @-rules (@media, @lang, etc.) that must ALL be
    /// satisfied for this rule block to apply. Empty = unconditional.
    pub conditions: DynamicSelectorVec,
    /// Layer priority. See [`rule_priority`] for slot allocation.
    /// `0` = UA / framework, `20` = author CSS (default), higher = wins.
    /// Sort key combined with selector specificity in `sort_by_specificity`.
    pub priority: u8,
}

impl_option!(
    CssRuleBlock,
    OptionCssRuleBlock,
    copy = false,
    [Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd]
);

impl PartialOrd for CssRuleBlock {
    fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Option<core::cmp::Ordering> {
        // Compare by path and declarations only, conditions are not ordered
        match self.path.partial_cmp(&other.path) {
            Some(core::cmp::Ordering::Equal) => self.declarations.partial_cmp(&other.declarations),
            ord => ord,
        }
    }
}

impl_vec!(CssDeclaration, CssDeclarationVec, CssDeclarationVecDestructor, CssDeclarationVecDestructorType, CssDeclarationVecSlice, OptionCssDeclaration);
impl_vec_mut!(CssDeclaration, CssDeclarationVec);
impl_vec_debug!(CssDeclaration, CssDeclarationVec);
impl_vec_partialord!(CssDeclaration, CssDeclarationVec);
impl_vec_ord!(CssDeclaration, CssDeclarationVec);
impl_vec_clone!(
    CssDeclaration,
    CssDeclarationVec,
    CssDeclarationVecDestructor
);
impl_vec_partialeq!(CssDeclaration, CssDeclarationVec);
impl_vec_eq!(CssDeclaration, CssDeclarationVec);
impl_vec_hash!(CssDeclaration, CssDeclarationVec);

impl CssRuleBlock {
    #[must_use] pub fn new(path: CssPath, declarations: Vec<CssDeclaration>) -> Self {
        Self {
            path,
            declarations: declarations.into(),
            conditions: DynamicSelectorVec::from_const_slice(&[]),
            priority: rule_priority::AUTHOR,
        }
    }

    #[must_use] pub fn with_conditions(
        path: CssPath,
        declarations: Vec<CssDeclaration>,
        conditions: Vec<crate::dynamic_selector::DynamicSelector>,
    ) -> Self {
        Self {
            path,
            declarations: declarations.into(),
            conditions: conditions.into(),
            priority: rule_priority::AUTHOR,
        }
    }
}

/// A group of CSS path selectors, used during selector matching.
pub type CssContentGroup<'a> = Vec<&'a CssPathSelector>;

/// Signifies the type of a DOM node without carrying any associated data
#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
#[repr(C)]
pub enum NodeTypeTag {
    // Document structure
    Html,
    Head,
    Body,

    // Block-level elements
    Div,
    P,
    Article,
    Section,
    Nav,
    Aside,
    Header,
    Footer,
    Main,
    Figure,
    FigCaption,

    // Headings
    H1,
    H2,
    H3,
    H4,
    H5,
    H6,

    // Inline text
    Br,
    Hr,
    Pre,
    BlockQuote,
    Address,
    Details,
    Summary,
    Dialog,

    // Lists
    Ul,
    Ol,
    Li,
    Dl,
    Dt,
    Dd,
    Menu,
    MenuItem,
    Dir,

    // Tables
    Table,
    Caption,
    THead,
    TBody,
    TFoot,
    Tr,
    Th,
    Td,
    ColGroup,
    Col,

    // Forms
    Form,
    FieldSet,
    Legend,
    Label,
    Input,
    Button,
    Select,
    OptGroup,
    SelectOption,
    TextArea,
    Output,
    Progress,
    Meter,
    DataList,

    // Inline elements
    Span,
    A,
    Em,
    Strong,
    B,
    I,
    U,
    S,
    Mark,
    Del,
    Ins,
    Code,
    Samp,
    Kbd,
    Var,
    Cite,
    Dfn,
    Abbr,
    Acronym,
    Q,
    Time,
    Sub,
    Sup,
    Small,
    Big,
    Bdo,
    Bdi,
    Wbr,
    Ruby,
    Rt,
    Rtc,
    Rp,
    Data,

    // Embedded content
    Canvas,
    Object,
    Param,
    Embed,
    Audio,
    Video,
    Source,
    Track,
    Map,
    Area,
    Svg,
    /// SVG `<path>` element.
    SvgPath,
    /// SVG `<circle>` element.
    SvgCircle,
    /// SVG `<rect>` element.
    SvgRect,
    /// SVG `<ellipse>` element.
    SvgEllipse,
    /// SVG `<line>` element.
    SvgLine,
    /// SVG `<polygon>` element.
    SvgPolygon,
    /// SVG `<polyline>` element.
    SvgPolyline,
    /// SVG `<g>` group element.
    SvgG,

    // SVG container elements
    /// SVG `<defs>` element.
    SvgDefs,
    /// SVG `<symbol>` element.
    SvgSymbol,
    /// SVG `<use>` element.
    SvgUse,
    /// SVG `<switch>` element.
    SvgSwitch,

    // SVG text elements
    /// SVG `<text>` element.
    SvgText,
    /// SVG `<tspan>` element.
    SvgTspan,
    /// SVG `<textPath>` element.
    SvgTextPath,

    // SVG paint server elements
    /// SVG `<linearGradient>` element.
    SvgLinearGradient,
    /// SVG `<radialGradient>` element.
    SvgRadialGradient,
    /// SVG `<stop>` element.
    SvgStop,
    /// SVG `<pattern>` element.
    SvgPattern,

    // SVG clipping/masking elements
    /// SVG `<clipPath>` element.
    SvgClipPathElement,
    /// SVG `<mask>` element.
    SvgMask,

    // SVG filter elements
    /// SVG `<filter>` element.
    SvgFilter,
    /// SVG `<feBlend>` element.
    SvgFeBlend,
    /// SVG `<feColorMatrix>` element.
    SvgFeColorMatrix,
    /// SVG `<feComponentTransfer>` element.
    SvgFeComponentTransfer,
    /// SVG `<feComposite>` element.
    SvgFeComposite,
    /// SVG `<feConvolveMatrix>` element.
    SvgFeConvolveMatrix,
    /// SVG `<feDiffuseLighting>` element.
    SvgFeDiffuseLighting,
    /// SVG `<feDisplacementMap>` element.
    SvgFeDisplacementMap,
    /// SVG `<feDistantLight>` element.
    SvgFeDistantLight,
    /// SVG `<feDropShadow>` element.
    SvgFeDropShadow,
    /// SVG `<feFlood>` element.
    SvgFeFlood,
    /// SVG `<feFuncR>` element.
    SvgFeFuncR,
    /// SVG `<feFuncG>` element.
    SvgFeFuncG,
    /// SVG `<feFuncB>` element.
    SvgFeFuncB,
    /// SVG `<feFuncA>` element.
    SvgFeFuncA,
    /// SVG `<feGaussianBlur>` element.
    SvgFeGaussianBlur,
    /// SVG `<feImage>` element.
    SvgFeImage,
    /// SVG `<feMerge>` element.
    SvgFeMerge,
    /// SVG `<feMergeNode>` element.
    SvgFeMergeNode,
    /// SVG `<feMorphology>` element.
    SvgFeMorphology,
    /// SVG `<feOffset>` element.
    SvgFeOffset,
    /// SVG `<fePointLight>` element.
    SvgFePointLight,
    /// SVG `<feSpecularLighting>` element.
    SvgFeSpecularLighting,
    /// SVG `<feSpotLight>` element.
    SvgFeSpotLight,
    /// SVG `<feTile>` element.
    SvgFeTile,
    /// SVG `<feTurbulence>` element.
    SvgFeTurbulence,

    // SVG marker/image elements
    /// SVG `<marker>` element.
    SvgMarker,
    /// SVG `<image>` element.
    SvgImage,
    /// SVG `<foreignObject>` element.
    SvgForeignObject,

    // SVG descriptive elements
    /// SVG `<title>` element.
    SvgTitle,
    /// SVG `<desc>` element.
    SvgDesc,
    /// SVG `<metadata>` element.
    SvgMetadata,
    /// SVG `<a>` element.
    SvgA,
    /// SVG `<view>` element.
    SvgView,
    /// SVG `<style>` element.
    SvgStyle,
    /// SVG `<script>` element.
    SvgScript,

    // SVG animation elements
    /// SVG `<animate>` element.
    SvgAnimate,
    /// SVG `<animateMotion>` element.
    SvgAnimateMotion,
    /// SVG `<animateTransform>` element.
    SvgAnimateTransform,
    /// SVG `<set>` element.
    SvgSet,
    /// SVG `<mpath>` element.
    SvgMpath,

    // Metadata
    Title,
    Meta,
    Link,
    Script,
    Style,
    Base,

    // Special
    Text,
    Img,
    VirtualView,
    /// Icon element - resolved to actual content by `IconProvider`
    Icon,
    /// Invisible probe — `NodeType::GeolocationProbe`. Zero-size in
    /// layout, skipped in the display list. CSS tag: `geolocation-probe`.
    GeolocationProbe,

    // Pseudo-elements
    Before,
    After,
    Marker,
    Placeholder,

    /// THE canonical page-break element (`<pagebreak/>` /
    /// `Dom::create_page_break()`): an empty block with UA
    /// `break-before: page`. CSS tag: `pagebreak`.
    PageBreak,
}

/// Error returned when a CSS tag name string cannot be mapped to a [`NodeTypeTag`].
#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
pub enum NodeTypeTagParseError<'a> {
    Invalid(&'a str),
}

impl fmt::Display for NodeTypeTagParseError<'_> {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        match &self {
            NodeTypeTagParseError::Invalid(e) => write!(f, "Invalid node type: {e}"),
        }
    }
}

/// Owned version of [`NodeTypeTagParseError`] for storage across lifetime boundaries.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
#[repr(C, u8)]
pub enum NodeTypeTagParseErrorOwned {
    Invalid(AzString),
}

impl NodeTypeTagParseError<'_> {
    #[must_use] pub fn to_contained(&self) -> NodeTypeTagParseErrorOwned {
        match self {
            NodeTypeTagParseError::Invalid(s) => NodeTypeTagParseErrorOwned::Invalid((*s).to_string().into()),
        }
    }
}

impl NodeTypeTagParseErrorOwned {
    #[must_use] pub fn to_shared(&self) -> NodeTypeTagParseError<'_> {
        match self {
            Self::Invalid(s) => NodeTypeTagParseError::Invalid(s),
        }
    }
}

/// Parses the node type from a CSS string such as `"div"` => `NodeTypeTag::Div`
impl NodeTypeTag {
    #[allow(clippy::too_many_lines)] // large but cohesive: single-purpose CSS parser/formatter/dispatch table (one branch per property/variant)
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// Returns an error if `css_key` is not a recognized HTML node-type tag.
    pub fn from_str(css_key: &str) -> Result<Self, NodeTypeTagParseError<'_>> {
        match css_key {
            // Document structure
            "html" => Ok(Self::Html),
            "head" => Ok(Self::Head),
            "body" => Ok(Self::Body),

            // Block-level elements
            "div" => Ok(Self::Div),
            "p" => Ok(Self::P),
            "article" => Ok(Self::Article),
            "section" => Ok(Self::Section),
            "nav" => Ok(Self::Nav),
            "aside" => Ok(Self::Aside),
            "header" => Ok(Self::Header),
            "footer" => Ok(Self::Footer),
            "main" => Ok(Self::Main),
            "figure" => Ok(Self::Figure),
            "figcaption" => Ok(Self::FigCaption),

            // Headings
            "h1" => Ok(Self::H1),
            "h2" => Ok(Self::H2),
            "h3" => Ok(Self::H3),
            "h4" => Ok(Self::H4),
            "h5" => Ok(Self::H5),
            "h6" => Ok(Self::H6),

            // Inline text
            "br" => Ok(Self::Br),
            "hr" => Ok(Self::Hr),
            "pre" => Ok(Self::Pre),
            "blockquote" => Ok(Self::BlockQuote),
            "address" => Ok(Self::Address),
            "details" => Ok(Self::Details),
            "summary" => Ok(Self::Summary),
            "dialog" => Ok(Self::Dialog),

            // Lists
            "ul" => Ok(Self::Ul),
            "ol" => Ok(Self::Ol),
            "li" => Ok(Self::Li),
            "dl" => Ok(Self::Dl),
            "dt" => Ok(Self::Dt),
            "dd" => Ok(Self::Dd),
            "menu" => Ok(Self::Menu),
            "menuitem" => Ok(Self::MenuItem),
            "dir" => Ok(Self::Dir),

            // Tables
            "table" => Ok(Self::Table),
            "caption" => Ok(Self::Caption),
            "thead" => Ok(Self::THead),
            "tbody" => Ok(Self::TBody),
            "tfoot" => Ok(Self::TFoot),
            "tr" => Ok(Self::Tr),
            "th" => Ok(Self::Th),
            "td" => Ok(Self::Td),
            "colgroup" => Ok(Self::ColGroup),
            "col" => Ok(Self::Col),

            // Forms
            "form" => Ok(Self::Form),
            "fieldset" => Ok(Self::FieldSet),
            "legend" => Ok(Self::Legend),
            "label" => Ok(Self::Label),
            "input" => Ok(Self::Input),
            "button" => Ok(Self::Button),
            "select" => Ok(Self::Select),
            "optgroup" => Ok(Self::OptGroup),
            "option" => Ok(Self::SelectOption),
            "textarea" => Ok(Self::TextArea),
            "output" => Ok(Self::Output),
            "progress" => Ok(Self::Progress),
            "meter" => Ok(Self::Meter),
            "datalist" => Ok(Self::DataList),

            // Inline elements
            "span" => Ok(Self::Span),
            "a" => Ok(Self::A),
            "em" => Ok(Self::Em),
            "strong" => Ok(Self::Strong),
            "b" => Ok(Self::B),
            "i" => Ok(Self::I),
            "u" => Ok(Self::U),
            "s" => Ok(Self::S),
            "mark" => Ok(Self::Mark),
            "del" => Ok(Self::Del),
            "ins" => Ok(Self::Ins),
            "code" => Ok(Self::Code),
            "samp" => Ok(Self::Samp),
            "kbd" => Ok(Self::Kbd),
            "var" => Ok(Self::Var),
            "cite" => Ok(Self::Cite),
            "dfn" => Ok(Self::Dfn),
            "abbr" => Ok(Self::Abbr),
            "acronym" => Ok(Self::Acronym),
            "q" => Ok(Self::Q),
            "time" => Ok(Self::Time),
            "sub" => Ok(Self::Sub),
            "sup" => Ok(Self::Sup),
            "small" => Ok(Self::Small),
            "big" => Ok(Self::Big),
            "bdo" => Ok(Self::Bdo),
            "bdi" => Ok(Self::Bdi),
            "wbr" => Ok(Self::Wbr),
            "ruby" => Ok(Self::Ruby),
            "rt" => Ok(Self::Rt),
            "rtc" => Ok(Self::Rtc),
            "rp" => Ok(Self::Rp),
            "data" => Ok(Self::Data),

            // Embedded content
            "canvas" => Ok(Self::Canvas),
            "object" => Ok(Self::Object),
            "param" => Ok(Self::Param),
            "embed" => Ok(Self::Embed),
            "audio" => Ok(Self::Audio),
            "video" => Ok(Self::Video),
            "source" => Ok(Self::Source),
            "track" => Ok(Self::Track),
            "map" => Ok(Self::Map),
            "area" => Ok(Self::Area),
            "svg" => Ok(Self::Svg),

            // SVG shape elements
            "path" => Ok(Self::SvgPath),
            "circle" => Ok(Self::SvgCircle),
            "rect" => Ok(Self::SvgRect),
            "ellipse" => Ok(Self::SvgEllipse),
            "line" => Ok(Self::SvgLine),
            "polygon" => Ok(Self::SvgPolygon),
            "polyline" => Ok(Self::SvgPolyline),
            "g" => Ok(Self::SvgG),

            // SVG container elements
            "defs" => Ok(Self::SvgDefs),
            "symbol" => Ok(Self::SvgSymbol),
            "use" => Ok(Self::SvgUse),
            "switch" => Ok(Self::SvgSwitch),

            // SVG text elements
            "svg:text" => Ok(Self::SvgText),
            "tspan" => Ok(Self::SvgTspan),
            "textpath" => Ok(Self::SvgTextPath),

            // SVG paint server elements
            "lineargradient" => Ok(Self::SvgLinearGradient),
            "radialgradient" => Ok(Self::SvgRadialGradient),
            "stop" => Ok(Self::SvgStop),
            "pattern" => Ok(Self::SvgPattern),

            // SVG clipping/masking elements
            "clippath" => Ok(Self::SvgClipPathElement),
            "mask" => Ok(Self::SvgMask),

            // SVG filter elements
            "filter" => Ok(Self::SvgFilter),
            "feblend" => Ok(Self::SvgFeBlend),
            "fecolormatrix" => Ok(Self::SvgFeColorMatrix),
            "fecomponenttransfer" => Ok(Self::SvgFeComponentTransfer),
            "fecomposite" => Ok(Self::SvgFeComposite),
            "feconvolvematrix" => Ok(Self::SvgFeConvolveMatrix),
            "fediffuselighting" => Ok(Self::SvgFeDiffuseLighting),
            "fedisplacementmap" => Ok(Self::SvgFeDisplacementMap),
            "fedistantlight" => Ok(Self::SvgFeDistantLight),
            "fedropshadow" => Ok(Self::SvgFeDropShadow),
            "feflood" => Ok(Self::SvgFeFlood),
            "fefuncr" => Ok(Self::SvgFeFuncR),
            "fefuncg" => Ok(Self::SvgFeFuncG),
            "fefuncb" => Ok(Self::SvgFeFuncB),
            "fefunca" => Ok(Self::SvgFeFuncA),
            "fegaussianblur" => Ok(Self::SvgFeGaussianBlur),
            "feimage" => Ok(Self::SvgFeImage),
            "femerge" => Ok(Self::SvgFeMerge),
            "femergenode" => Ok(Self::SvgFeMergeNode),
            "femorphology" => Ok(Self::SvgFeMorphology),
            "feoffset" => Ok(Self::SvgFeOffset),
            "fepointlight" => Ok(Self::SvgFePointLight),
            "fespecularlighting" => Ok(Self::SvgFeSpecularLighting),
            "fespotlight" => Ok(Self::SvgFeSpotLight),
            "fetile" => Ok(Self::SvgFeTile),
            "feturbulence" => Ok(Self::SvgFeTurbulence),

            // SVG marker/image elements
            "image" | "svg:image" => Ok(Self::SvgImage),
            "svg:marker" => Ok(Self::SvgMarker),
            "foreignobject" => Ok(Self::SvgForeignObject),

            // SVG descriptive elements
            "svg:title" => Ok(Self::SvgTitle),
            "svg:a" => Ok(Self::SvgA),
            "svg:style" => Ok(Self::SvgStyle),
            "svg:script" => Ok(Self::SvgScript),
            "desc" => Ok(Self::SvgDesc),
            "metadata" => Ok(Self::SvgMetadata),
            "view" => Ok(Self::SvgView),

            // SVG animation elements
            "animate" => Ok(Self::SvgAnimate),
            "animatemotion" => Ok(Self::SvgAnimateMotion),
            "animatetransform" => Ok(Self::SvgAnimateTransform),
            "set" => Ok(Self::SvgSet),
            "mpath" => Ok(Self::SvgMpath),

            // Metadata
            "title" => Ok(Self::Title),
            "meta" => Ok(Self::Meta),
            "link" => Ok(Self::Link),
            "script" => Ok(Self::Script),
            "style" => Ok(Self::Style),
            "base" => Ok(Self::Base),

            // Special
            "text" => Ok(Self::Text), // Display emits "text"; from_str must accept it back
            "img" => Ok(Self::Img),
            "virtual-view" | "iframe" => Ok(Self::VirtualView),
            "icon" => Ok(Self::Icon),
            "geolocation-probe" => Ok(Self::GeolocationProbe),
            "pagebreak" => Ok(Self::PageBreak),

            // Pseudo-elements (usually prefixed with ::)
            "before" | "::before" => Ok(Self::Before),
            "after" | "::after" => Ok(Self::After),
            "marker" | "::marker" => Ok(Self::Marker),
            "placeholder" | "::placeholder" => Ok(Self::Placeholder),

            other => Err(NodeTypeTagParseError::Invalid(other)),
        }
    }
}

impl fmt::Display for NodeTypeTag {
    #[allow(clippy::too_many_lines)] // large but cohesive: single-purpose CSS parser/formatter/dispatch table (one branch per property/variant)
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        match self {
            // Document structure
            Self::Html => write!(f, "html"),
            Self::Head => write!(f, "head"),
            Self::Body => write!(f, "body"),

            // Block elements
            Self::Div => write!(f, "div"),
            Self::P => write!(f, "p"),
            Self::Article => write!(f, "article"),
            Self::Section => write!(f, "section"),
            Self::Nav => write!(f, "nav"),
            Self::Aside => write!(f, "aside"),
            Self::Header => write!(f, "header"),
            Self::Footer => write!(f, "footer"),
            Self::Main => write!(f, "main"),
            Self::Figure => write!(f, "figure"),
            Self::FigCaption => write!(f, "figcaption"),

            // Headings
            Self::H1 => write!(f, "h1"),
            Self::H2 => write!(f, "h2"),
            Self::H3 => write!(f, "h3"),
            Self::H4 => write!(f, "h4"),
            Self::H5 => write!(f, "h5"),
            Self::H6 => write!(f, "h6"),

            // Text formatting
            Self::Br => write!(f, "br"),
            Self::Hr => write!(f, "hr"),
            Self::Pre => write!(f, "pre"),
            Self::BlockQuote => write!(f, "blockquote"),
            Self::Address => write!(f, "address"),
            Self::Details => write!(f, "details"),
            Self::Summary => write!(f, "summary"),
            Self::Dialog => write!(f, "dialog"),

            // List elements
            Self::Ul => write!(f, "ul"),
            Self::Ol => write!(f, "ol"),
            Self::Li => write!(f, "li"),
            Self::Dl => write!(f, "dl"),
            Self::Dt => write!(f, "dt"),
            Self::Dd => write!(f, "dd"),
            Self::Menu => write!(f, "menu"),
            Self::MenuItem => write!(f, "menuitem"),
            Self::Dir => write!(f, "dir"),

            // Table elements
            Self::Table => write!(f, "table"),
            Self::Caption => write!(f, "caption"),
            Self::THead => write!(f, "thead"),
            Self::TBody => write!(f, "tbody"),
            Self::TFoot => write!(f, "tfoot"),
            Self::Tr => write!(f, "tr"),
            Self::Th => write!(f, "th"),
            Self::Td => write!(f, "td"),
            Self::ColGroup => write!(f, "colgroup"),
            Self::Col => write!(f, "col"),

            // Form elements
            Self::Form => write!(f, "form"),
            Self::FieldSet => write!(f, "fieldset"),
            Self::Legend => write!(f, "legend"),
            Self::Label => write!(f, "label"),
            Self::Input => write!(f, "input"),
            Self::Button => write!(f, "button"),
            Self::Select => write!(f, "select"),
            Self::OptGroup => write!(f, "optgroup"),
            Self::SelectOption => write!(f, "option"),
            Self::TextArea => write!(f, "textarea"),
            Self::Output => write!(f, "output"),
            Self::Progress => write!(f, "progress"),
            Self::Meter => write!(f, "meter"),
            Self::DataList => write!(f, "datalist"),

            // Inline elements
            Self::Span => write!(f, "span"),
            Self::A => write!(f, "a"),
            Self::Em => write!(f, "em"),
            Self::Strong => write!(f, "strong"),
            Self::B => write!(f, "b"),
            Self::I => write!(f, "i"),
            Self::U => write!(f, "u"),
            Self::S => write!(f, "s"),
            Self::Mark => write!(f, "mark"),
            Self::Del => write!(f, "del"),
            Self::Ins => write!(f, "ins"),
            Self::Code => write!(f, "code"),
            Self::Samp => write!(f, "samp"),
            Self::Kbd => write!(f, "kbd"),
            Self::Var => write!(f, "var"),
            Self::Cite => write!(f, "cite"),
            Self::Dfn => write!(f, "dfn"),
            Self::Abbr => write!(f, "abbr"),
            Self::Acronym => write!(f, "acronym"),
            Self::Q => write!(f, "q"),
            Self::Time => write!(f, "time"),
            Self::Sub => write!(f, "sub"),
            Self::Sup => write!(f, "sup"),
            Self::Small => write!(f, "small"),
            Self::Big => write!(f, "big"),
            Self::Bdo => write!(f, "bdo"),
            Self::Bdi => write!(f, "bdi"),
            Self::Wbr => write!(f, "wbr"),
            Self::Ruby => write!(f, "ruby"),
            Self::Rt => write!(f, "rt"),
            Self::Rtc => write!(f, "rtc"),
            Self::Rp => write!(f, "rp"),
            Self::Data => write!(f, "data"),

            // Embedded content
            Self::Canvas => write!(f, "canvas"),
            Self::Object => write!(f, "object"),
            Self::Param => write!(f, "param"),
            Self::Embed => write!(f, "embed"),
            Self::Audio => write!(f, "audio"),
            Self::Video => write!(f, "video"),
            Self::Source => write!(f, "source"),
            Self::Track => write!(f, "track"),
            Self::Map => write!(f, "map"),
            Self::Area => write!(f, "area"),
            Self::Svg => write!(f, "svg"),
            Self::SvgPath => write!(f, "path"),
            Self::SvgCircle => write!(f, "circle"),
            Self::SvgRect => write!(f, "rect"),
            Self::SvgEllipse => write!(f, "ellipse"),
            Self::SvgLine => write!(f, "line"),
            Self::SvgPolygon => write!(f, "polygon"),
            Self::SvgPolyline => write!(f, "polyline"),
            Self::SvgG => write!(f, "g"),

            // SVG container elements
            Self::SvgDefs => write!(f, "defs"),
            Self::SvgSymbol => write!(f, "symbol"),
            Self::SvgUse => write!(f, "use"),
            Self::SvgSwitch => write!(f, "switch"),

            // SVG text elements
            Self::SvgText => write!(f, "svg:text"),
            Self::SvgTspan => write!(f, "tspan"),
            Self::SvgTextPath => write!(f, "textpath"),

            // SVG paint server elements
            Self::SvgLinearGradient => write!(f, "lineargradient"),
            Self::SvgRadialGradient => write!(f, "radialgradient"),
            Self::SvgStop => write!(f, "stop"),
            Self::SvgPattern => write!(f, "pattern"),

            // SVG clipping/masking elements
            Self::SvgClipPathElement => write!(f, "clippath"),
            Self::SvgMask => write!(f, "mask"),

            // SVG filter elements
            Self::SvgFilter => write!(f, "filter"),
            Self::SvgFeBlend => write!(f, "feblend"),
            Self::SvgFeColorMatrix => write!(f, "fecolormatrix"),
            Self::SvgFeComponentTransfer => write!(f, "fecomponenttransfer"),
            Self::SvgFeComposite => write!(f, "fecomposite"),
            Self::SvgFeConvolveMatrix => write!(f, "feconvolvematrix"),
            Self::SvgFeDiffuseLighting => write!(f, "fediffuselighting"),
            Self::SvgFeDisplacementMap => write!(f, "fedisplacementmap"),
            Self::SvgFeDistantLight => write!(f, "fedistantlight"),
            Self::SvgFeDropShadow => write!(f, "fedropshadow"),
            Self::SvgFeFlood => write!(f, "feflood"),
            Self::SvgFeFuncR => write!(f, "fefuncr"),
            Self::SvgFeFuncG => write!(f, "fefuncg"),
            Self::SvgFeFuncB => write!(f, "fefuncb"),
            Self::SvgFeFuncA => write!(f, "fefunca"),
            Self::SvgFeGaussianBlur => write!(f, "fegaussianblur"),
            Self::SvgFeImage => write!(f, "feimage"),
            Self::SvgFeMerge => write!(f, "femerge"),
            Self::SvgFeMergeNode => write!(f, "femergenode"),
            Self::SvgFeMorphology => write!(f, "femorphology"),
            Self::SvgFeOffset => write!(f, "feoffset"),
            Self::SvgFePointLight => write!(f, "fepointlight"),
            Self::SvgFeSpecularLighting => write!(f, "fespecularlighting"),
            Self::SvgFeSpotLight => write!(f, "fespotlight"),
            Self::SvgFeTile => write!(f, "fetile"),
            Self::SvgFeTurbulence => write!(f, "feturbulence"),

            // SVG marker/image elements
            Self::SvgMarker => write!(f, "svg:marker"),
            Self::SvgImage => write!(f, "svg:image"),
            Self::SvgForeignObject => write!(f, "foreignobject"),

            // SVG descriptive elements
            Self::SvgTitle => write!(f, "svg:title"),
            Self::SvgDesc => write!(f, "desc"),
            Self::SvgMetadata => write!(f, "metadata"),
            Self::SvgA => write!(f, "svg:a"),
            Self::SvgView => write!(f, "view"),
            Self::SvgStyle => write!(f, "svg:style"),
            Self::SvgScript => write!(f, "svg:script"),

            // SVG animation elements
            Self::SvgAnimate => write!(f, "animate"),
            Self::SvgAnimateMotion => write!(f, "animatemotion"),
            Self::SvgAnimateTransform => write!(f, "animatetransform"),
            Self::SvgSet => write!(f, "set"),
            Self::SvgMpath => write!(f, "mpath"),

            // Metadata
            Self::Title => write!(f, "title"),
            Self::Meta => write!(f, "meta"),
            Self::Link => write!(f, "link"),
            Self::Script => write!(f, "script"),
            Self::Style => write!(f, "style"),
            Self::Base => write!(f, "base"),

            // Content elements
            Self::Text => write!(f, "text"),
            Self::Img => write!(f, "img"),
            Self::VirtualView => write!(f, "virtual-view"),
            Self::Icon => write!(f, "icon"),
            Self::GeolocationProbe => write!(f, "geolocation-probe"),
            Self::PageBreak => write!(f, "pagebreak"),

            // Pseudo-elements
            Self::Before => write!(f, "::before"),
            Self::After => write!(f, "::after"),
            Self::Marker => write!(f, "::marker"),
            Self::Placeholder => write!(f, "::placeholder"),
        }
    }
}

/// Represents a full CSS path (i.e. the "div#id.class" selector belonging to
///  a CSS "content group" (the following key-value block)).
///
/// ```no_run,ignore
/// "#div > .my_class:focus" ==
/// [
///   CssPathSelector::Type(NodeTypeTag::Div),
///   CssPathSelector::PseudoSelector(CssPathPseudoSelector::LimitChildren),
///   CssPathSelector::Class("my_class"),
///   CssPathSelector::PseudoSelector(CssPathPseudoSelector::Focus),
/// ]
#[derive(Clone, Hash, Default, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
#[repr(C)]
pub struct CssPath {
    pub selectors: CssPathSelectorVec,
}

impl_vec!(CssPathSelector, CssPathSelectorVec, CssPathSelectorVecDestructor, CssPathSelectorVecDestructorType, CssPathSelectorVecSlice, OptionCssPathSelector);
impl_vec_debug!(CssPathSelector, CssPathSelectorVec);
impl_vec_partialord!(CssPathSelector, CssPathSelectorVec);
impl_vec_ord!(CssPathSelector, CssPathSelectorVec);
impl_vec_clone!(
    CssPathSelector,
    CssPathSelectorVec,
    CssPathSelectorVecDestructor
);
impl_vec_partialeq!(CssPathSelector, CssPathSelectorVec);
impl_vec_eq!(CssPathSelector, CssPathSelectorVec);
impl_vec_hash!(CssPathSelector, CssPathSelectorVec);

impl CssPath {
    #[must_use] pub fn new(selectors: Vec<CssPathSelector>) -> Self {
        Self {
            selectors: selectors.into(),
        }
    }

    /// Prepend a `Root` scope selector (`push_front`) confining this rule to the owner
    /// node `start` (whose subtree spans the inclusive flat ids `[start, end]`).
    /// Two cases (#47 leak fix + descendant-selector support):
    ///
    /// - A **bare `*` rule** (the `parse_inline` wrapper for a `with_css`/`set_css`
    ///   bare-declaration string) is scoped **node-only** (`[start, start]`):
    ///   inline-style semantics — it applies to the OWNER only and must not leak to
    ///   descendants or siblings. `[Root([s,s]), Global]` matches `s` only.
    /// - A rule with a **real selector** (`.menu-item`, `div`, a descendant chain —
    ///   from `add_component_css` / a component stylesheet) is scoped to the whole
    ///   **subtree** (`[start, end]`), so its selectors match within the owner's
    ///   subtree (e.g. a menu container's `.menu-item` children). `[Root([s,e]),
    ///   Class(x)]` matches any node in `[s,e]` that also matches `.x`.
    pub fn push_front_scope(&mut self, start: usize, end: usize) {
        self.push_front_scope_for(start, end, true);
    }

    /// Like [`Self::push_front_scope`], but the CALLER decides whether a bare
    /// `[Global]` path is a bare-declaration wrapper (scope it NODE-ONLY,
    /// `[start, start]`) or a real stylesheet `* { ... }` rule (scope it to
    /// the whole subtree).
    ///
    /// The two are indistinguishable by path shape - `parse_inline` wraps
    /// selector-less declarations in `*`, and an author stylesheet's
    /// universal rule IS `*` - but they differ by RULE PRIORITY
    /// (`rule_priority::INLINE` vs `AUTHOR`), which only the caller holding
    /// the `CssRuleBlock` can see. Treating every bare global as a wrapper
    /// scoped the classic `* { margin: 0 }` reset of a mounted document to
    /// the mount root alone: the UA body margin survived on every child and
    /// each reftest page rendered shifted by 8px against the browser.
    pub fn push_front_scope_for(
        &mut self,
        start: usize,
        end: usize,
        node_only_bare_global: bool,
    ) {
        let is_bare_global = self.selectors.as_ref().len() == 1
            && matches!(self.selectors.as_ref().first(), Some(CssPathSelector::Global));
        let range = if is_bare_global && node_only_bare_global {
            CssScopeRange { start, end: start }
        } else {
            CssScopeRange { start, end }
        };
        let mut selectors = Vec::with_capacity(self.selectors.as_ref().len() + 1);
        selectors.push(CssPathSelector::Root(range));
        selectors.extend(self.selectors.as_ref().iter().cloned());
        self.selectors = selectors.into();
    }
}

impl fmt::Display for CssPath {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        for selector in self.selectors.as_ref() {
            write!(f, "{selector}")?;
        }
        Ok(())
    }
}

impl fmt::Debug for CssPath {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "{self}")
    }
}

/// Inclusive range of flat `NodeId`s describing a node's subtree `[start, end]`
/// (`end = start + estimated_total_children`, since the flat arena lays subtrees
/// out contiguously).
///
/// Carried by [`CssPathSelector::Root`] to scope inline css to
/// a subtree, and is the unit of future parallel per-subtree cascading.
/// `repr(C)` for FFI / api.json codegen.
#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord)]
#[repr(C)]
pub struct CssScopeRange {
    /// First flat `NodeId` of the subtree (the owning node itself).
    pub start: usize,
    /// Last flat `NodeId` of the subtree, inclusive (`start` for a leaf).
    pub end: usize,
}

impl CssScopeRange {
    /// True if `node` (a flat `NodeId` index) is inside this subtree range.
    #[inline]
    #[must_use] pub const fn contains(&self, node: usize) -> bool {
        self.start <= node && node <= self.end
    }
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord)]
#[repr(C, u8)]
#[derive(Default)]
pub enum CssPathSelector {
    /// Represents the `*` selector
    #[default]
    Global,
    /// Scope marker carrying a node's **subtree range** `[start, end]` (inclusive
    /// flat `NodeId`s; `end = start + estimated_total_children`). Matches a node
    /// iff `start <= node <= end`. Synthesized at flatten time and `push_front`-ed
    /// onto every inline (`with_css`/`set_css`) rule's path, so the rule compounds
    /// with the `parse_inline` `*` wrapper (`[Root(s,e), Global, …]`) and is scoped
    /// to that node's subtree instead of leaking to the whole tree (#47). Because
    /// the flat arena lays subtrees out contiguously, this range is also the unit
    /// of future parallel per-subtree cascading.
    Root(CssScopeRange),
    /// `div`, `p`, etc.
    Type(NodeTypeTag),
    /// `.something`
    Class(AzString),
    /// `#something`
    Id(AzString),
    /// `:something`
    PseudoSelector(CssPathPseudoSelector),
    /// `[attr]`, `[attr="value"]`, `[attr~="value"]`, etc.
    Attribute(CssAttributeSelector),
    /// Represents the `>` selector (direct child)
    DirectChildren,
    /// Represents the ` ` selector (descendant)
    Children,
    /// Represents the `+` selector (adjacent sibling)
    AdjacentSibling,
    /// Represents the `~` selector (general sibling)
    GeneralSibling,
}

/// Attribute selector (`[attr]`, `[attr="value"]`, ...).
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord)]
#[repr(C)]
pub struct CssAttributeSelector {
    pub name: AzString,
    pub op: AttributeMatchOp,
    pub value: OptionString,
}

impl Default for CssAttributeSelector {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self {
            name: AzString::default(),
            op: AttributeMatchOp::Exists,
            value: OptionString::None,
        }
    }
}

/// Operator that compares an attribute value against a target string.
#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord)]
#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Default)]
pub enum AttributeMatchOp {
    /// `[attr]` — attribute is present (any value).
    #[default]
    Exists,
    /// `[attr="value"]` — attribute equals value exactly.
    Eq,
    /// `[attr~="value"]` — value is one of the whitespace-separated words.
    Includes,
    /// `[attr|="value"]` — value equals exactly OR begins with value followed by `-`.
    DashMatch,
    /// `[attr^="value"]` — value starts with the given prefix.
    Prefix,
    /// `[attr$="value"]` — value ends with the given suffix.
    Suffix,
    /// `[attr*="value"]` — value contains the given substring.
    Substring,
}


impl_option!(
    CssPathSelector,
    OptionCssPathSelector,
    copy = false,
    [Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash]
);


impl fmt::Display for CssPathSelector {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        use self::CssPathSelector::{Global, Root, Type, Class, Id, PseudoSelector, Attribute, DirectChildren, Children, AdjacentSibling, GeneralSibling};
        match &self {
            Global => write!(f, "*"),
            Root(r) => write!(f, ":root({}..={})", r.start, r.end),
            Type(n) => write!(f, "{n}"),
            Class(c) => write!(f, ".{c}"),
            Id(i) => write!(f, "#{i}"),
            PseudoSelector(p) => write!(f, ":{p}"),
            Attribute(a) => write!(f, "{a}"),
            DirectChildren => write!(f, ">"),
            Children => write!(f, " "),
            AdjacentSibling => write!(f, "+"),
            GeneralSibling => write!(f, "~"),
        }
    }
}

impl fmt::Display for CssAttributeSelector {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        match (&self.op, self.value.as_ref()) {
            (AttributeMatchOp::Exists, _) => write!(f, "[{}]", self.name),
            (op, Some(v)) => write!(f, "[{}{}=\"{}\"]", self.name, op.symbol_prefix(), v),
            (op, None) => write!(f, "[{}{}=\"\"]", self.name, op.symbol_prefix()),
        }
    }
}

impl AttributeMatchOp {
    /// Returns the prefix character for the `=` operator (e.g. `~` for `~=`).
    /// `Eq` returns `""`, `Exists` is unused (no `=` printed at all).
    #[must_use] pub const fn symbol_prefix(&self) -> &'static str {
        match self {
            Self::Exists | Self::Eq => "",
            Self::Includes => "~",
            Self::DashMatch => "|",
            Self::Prefix => "^",
            Self::Suffix => "$",
            Self::Substring => "*",
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord)]
#[repr(C, u8)]
pub enum CssPathPseudoSelector {
    /// `:first`
    First,
    /// `:last`
    Last,
    /// `:nth-child`
    NthChild(CssNthChildSelector),
    /// `:hover` - mouse is over element
    Hover,
    /// `:active` - mouse is pressed and over element
    Active,
    /// `:focus` - element has received focus
    Focus,
    /// `:lang(de)` - element matches language
    Lang(AzString),
    /// `:backdrop` - window is not focused (GTK compatibility)
    Backdrop,
    /// `:dragging` - element is currently being dragged
    Dragging,
    /// `:drag-over` - a dragged element is over this drop target
    DragOver,
    /// `:root` - matches the document root element (equivalent to `html`,
    /// but with pseudo-class specificity). Structural (non-interactive).
    Root,
}

/// Selector for the `:nth-child()` CSS pseudo-class.
#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord)]
#[repr(C, u8)]
pub enum CssNthChildSelector {
    Number(u32),
    Even,
    Odd,
    Pattern(CssNthChildPattern),
}

/// Pattern for `:nth-child(An+B)` selectors, where `pattern_repeat` is A and `offset` is B.
#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord)]
#[repr(C)]
pub struct CssNthChildPattern {
    pub pattern_repeat: u32,
    pub offset: u32,
}

impl fmt::Display for CssNthChildSelector {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        use self::CssNthChildSelector::{Number, Even, Odd, Pattern};
        match &self {
            Number(u) => write!(f, "{u}"),
            Even => write!(f, "even"),
            Odd => write!(f, "odd"),
            Pattern(p) => write!(f, "{}n + {}", p.pattern_repeat, p.offset),
        }
    }
}

impl fmt::Display for CssPathPseudoSelector {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        use self::CssPathPseudoSelector::{First, Last, NthChild, Hover, Active, Focus, Lang, Backdrop, Dragging, DragOver, Root};
        match &self {
            First => write!(f, "first"),
            Last => write!(f, "last"),
            NthChild(u) => write!(f, "nth-child({u})"),
            Hover => write!(f, "hover"),
            Active => write!(f, "active"),
            Focus => write!(f, "focus"),
            Lang(lang) => write!(f, "lang({})", lang.as_str()),
            Backdrop => write!(f, "backdrop"),
            Dragging => write!(f, "dragging"),
            DragOver => write!(f, "drag-over"),
            Root => write!(f, "root"),
        }
    }
}

impl Css {
    /// Creates a new, empty CSS.
    #[must_use] pub fn empty() -> Self {
        Self::default()
    }

    /// Sort the rules by `(priority, specificity)` so they apply in cascade order.
    /// Lower-priority rules sort first; ties break by selector specificity.
    /// This preserves layer identity (UA / SYSTEM / AUTHOR / INLINE / RUNTIME)
    /// without needing a separate `Stylesheet` boundary.
    pub fn sort_by_specificity(&mut self) {
        self.rules.as_mut().sort_by(|a, b| {
            a.priority.cmp(&b.priority)
                .then_with(|| get_specificity(&a.path).cmp(&get_specificity(&b.path)))
        });
    }

    pub fn rules(&self) -> core::slice::Iter<'_, CssRuleBlock> {
        self.rules.as_ref().iter()
    }

    /// Iterate `(property, conditions)` pairs as if this were a flat list of
    /// `CssPropertyWithConditions`. Each `Static` declaration yields one item,
    /// sharing the conditions of its enclosing rule. `Dynamic` declarations
    /// are skipped (matching the previous inline-CSS behaviour).
    ///
    /// Used by cascade and diff code that walks per-property to keep the
    /// flat-iteration shape after the inline-vs-component unification.
    pub fn iter_inline_properties(
        &self,
    ) -> impl Iterator<
        Item = (
            &CssProperty,
            &DynamicSelectorVec,
        ),
    > + '_ {
        self.rules.as_ref().iter().flat_map(|r| {
            r.declarations.as_ref().iter().filter_map(move |d| match d {
                CssDeclaration::Static(p) => Some((p, &r.conditions)),
                CssDeclaration::Dynamic(_) => None,
            })
        })
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod root_scope_tests {
    use super::*;

    #[test]
    fn scope_range_contains() {
        let r = CssScopeRange { start: 3, end: 7 };
        assert!(r.contains(3) && r.contains(5) && r.contains(7));
        assert!(!r.contains(2) && !r.contains(8));
        // leaf: start == end matches only itself
        let leaf = CssScopeRange { start: 4, end: 4 };
        assert!(leaf.contains(4));
        assert!(!leaf.contains(3) && !leaf.contains(5));
    }

    #[test]
    fn push_front_scope_compounds_with_wrapper() {
        // a bare-decl `set_css` path is `[Global]` (the parse_inline `*` wrapper) and
        // is scoped NODE-ONLY ([start, start]) so it applies to the owner only.
        let mut p = CssPath::new(vec![CssPathSelector::Global]);
        p.push_front_scope(5, 9);
        assert_eq!(
            p.selectors.as_ref(),
            &[
                CssPathSelector::Root(CssScopeRange { start: 5, end: 5 }),
                CssPathSelector::Global
            ][..]
        );
        // a path with a real selector is SUBTREE-scoped ([start, end]).
        let subtree = CssScopeRange { start: 5, end: 9 };
        let mut p2 = CssPath::new(vec![
            CssPathSelector::Global,
            CssPathSelector::Children,
            CssPathSelector::Class("foo".to_string().into()),
        ]);
        p2.push_front_scope(5, 9);
        assert_eq!(p2.selectors.as_ref()[0], CssPathSelector::Root(subtree));
        assert_eq!(p2.selectors.as_ref().len(), 4);
    }

    #[test]
    fn root_display_roundtrips() {
        let s = CssPathSelector::Root(CssScopeRange { start: 2, end: 6 });
        assert_eq!(format!("{s}"), ":root(2..=6)");
    }

    #[test]
    fn parse_inline_keeps_layout_and_style_decls() {
        // set_css("width: 200px; height: 100px; background: red") must keep all
        // three declarations (layout + style) as Static props in the parsed rule.
        let css = Css::parse_inline("width: 200px; height: 100px; background: red");
        let mut types = Vec::new();
        for r in css.rules.as_ref() {
            for d in r.declarations.as_ref() {
                if let CssDeclaration::Static(p) = d {
                    types.push(alloc::format!("{:?}", p.get_type()));
                }
            }
        }
        println!("INLINE PROP TYPES: {types:?}");
        assert!(
            types.iter().any(|t| t.contains("width")),
            "width must survive parse_inline as a Static decl; got {types:?}"
        );
        assert!(
            types.iter().any(|t| t.contains("height")),
            "height must survive parse_inline; got {types:?}"
        );
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod priority_sort_tests {
    use super::*;
    use crate::css::rule_priority;

    fn rule_with(priority: u8, selectors: Vec<CssPathSelector>) -> CssRuleBlock {
        CssRuleBlock {
            path: CssPath { selectors: selectors.into() },
            declarations: Vec::new().into(),
            conditions: DynamicSelectorVec::from_const_slice(&[]),
            priority,
        }
    }

    /// Pin the (priority, specificity) sort order. Lower priority sorts first;
    /// ties break by specificity.
    #[test]
    fn sort_by_priority_then_specificity() {
        let mut css = Css::new(vec![
            // Author rule, no specificity.
            rule_with(rule_priority::AUTHOR, vec![CssPathSelector::Global]),
            // UA rule with high specificity — must still come BEFORE any author rule.
            rule_with(rule_priority::UA, vec![
                CssPathSelector::Id("ua-id".to_string().into()),
                CssPathSelector::Class("ua-class".to_string().into()),
            ]),
            // Author rule with high specificity.
            rule_with(rule_priority::AUTHOR, vec![
                CssPathSelector::Id("a-id".to_string().into()),
            ]),
            // System rule with no specificity — must sit between UA and author.
            rule_with(rule_priority::SYSTEM, vec![CssPathSelector::Global]),
        ]);
        css.sort_by_specificity();
        let priorities: Vec<u8> = css.rules.as_ref().iter().map(|r| r.priority).collect();
        assert_eq!(
            priorities,
            vec![rule_priority::UA, rule_priority::SYSTEM, rule_priority::AUTHOR, rule_priority::AUTHOR],
            "rules must sort by layer first; specificity only breaks ties within a layer"
        );
        // Within author, the high-specificity #a-id comes after the * rule.
        let last_two_specificity: Vec<_> = css.rules.as_ref().iter()
            .filter(|r| r.priority == rule_priority::AUTHOR)
            .map(|r| get_specificity(&r.path))
            .collect();
        assert!(last_two_specificity[0] < last_two_specificity[1]);
    }
}

/// Returns specificity of the given css path. Further information can be found on
/// [the w3 website](http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors/#specificity).
#[must_use] pub fn get_specificity(path: &CssPath) -> (usize, usize, usize, usize) {
    let id_count = path
        .selectors
        .iter()
        .filter(|x| matches!(x, CssPathSelector::Id(_)))
        .count();
    let class_count = path
        .selectors
        .iter()
        .filter(|x| {
            matches!(
                x,
                CssPathSelector::Class(_)
                    | CssPathSelector::PseudoSelector(_)
                    | CssPathSelector::Attribute(_)
            )
        })
        .count();
    let div_count = path
        .selectors
        .iter()
        .filter(|x| matches!(x, CssPathSelector::Type(_)))
        .count();
    (id_count, class_count, div_count, path.selectors.len())
}

#[cfg(test)]
#[allow(clippy::pedantic, clippy::nursery)]
mod autotest_generated {
    use core::hash::{Hash, Hasher};
    use std::collections::hash_map::DefaultHasher;

    use super::*;
    use crate::{
        dynamic_selector::DynamicSelector,
        props::{
            basic::{color::ColorU, pixel::PixelValue},
            layout::dimensions::LayoutWidth,
            style::text::StyleTextColor,
        },
    };

    // ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    // helpers
    // ---------------------------------------------------------------------

    /// `width` — NOT inheritable, DOES trigger relayout.
    fn prop_width(px: f32) -> CssProperty {
        CssProperty::width(LayoutWidth::Px(PixelValue::px(px)))
    }

    /// `color` — IS inheritable, does NOT trigger relayout.
    fn prop_text_color(r: u8) -> CssProperty {
        CssProperty::const_text_color(StyleTextColor {
            inner: ColorU::new(r, 0, 0, 255),
        })
    }

    fn dyn_prop(id: &str, default_value: CssProperty) -> DynamicCssProperty {
        DynamicCssProperty {
            dynamic_id: id.to_string().into(),
            default_value,
        }
    }

    fn rule_at(priority: u8, selectors: Vec<CssPathSelector>) -> CssRuleBlock {
        let mut r = CssRuleBlock::new(
            CssPath::new(selectors),
            vec![CssDeclaration::Static(prop_width(1.0))],
        );
        r.priority = priority;
        r
    }

    fn hash_of<T: Hash>(t: &T) -> u64 {
        let mut h = DefaultHasher::new();
        t.hash(&mut h);
        h.finish()
    }

    /// A stand-in property payload so the generic `CssPropertyValue<T>` surface can be
    /// driven with hostile floats (NaN / ±inf) that no real CSS type would hand us.
    #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Default)]
    struct TestVal(f32);

    impl PrintAsCssValue for TestVal {
        fn print_as_css_value(&self) -> String {
            format!("{}", self.0)
        }
    }

    impl fmt::Display for TestVal {
        fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
            write!(f, "{}", self.0)
        }
    }

    /// The six CSS-wide keyword variants (everything that is not `Exact`).
    fn keyword_values() -> Vec<CssPropertyValue<TestVal>> {
        vec![
            CssPropertyValue::Auto,
            CssPropertyValue::None,
            CssPropertyValue::Initial,
            CssPropertyValue::Inherit,
            CssPropertyValue::Revert,
            CssPropertyValue::Unset,
        ]
    }

    // =====================================================================
    // Css — constructors, predicates, getters
    // =====================================================================

    #[test]
    fn css_empty_is_the_neutral_element() {
        let e = Css::empty();
        assert!(e.is_empty());
        assert_eq!(e.rules().count(), 0);
        assert_eq!(e.iter_inline_properties().count(), 0);
        // empty() / default() / new(vec![]) must all agree.
        assert_eq!(e, Css::default());
        assert_eq!(e, Css::new(Vec::new()));
        assert_eq!(e, Css::from(Vec::<CssRuleBlock>::new()));
    }

    #[test]
    fn css_new_preserves_length_and_order() {
        let rules = vec![
            rule_at(rule_priority::UA, vec![CssPathSelector::Global]),
            rule_at(
                rule_priority::AUTHOR,
                vec![CssPathSelector::Id("a".to_string().into())],
            ),
            rule_at(rule_priority::INLINE, vec![CssPathSelector::Children]),
        ];
        let css = Css::new(rules.clone());
        assert!(!css.is_empty());
        assert_eq!(css.rules().count(), 3);
        assert_eq!(css.rules.as_ref(), &rules[..]);
        // `rules()` and the raw vec must not disagree.
        assert_eq!(css.rules().count(), css.rules.as_ref().len());
    }

    #[test]
    fn css_new_with_many_rules_does_not_panic() {
        let rules: Vec<CssRuleBlock> = (0..10_000)
            .map(|i| rule_at((i % 256) as u8, vec![CssPathSelector::Global]))
            .collect();
        let css = Css::new(rules);
        assert_eq!(css.rules.as_ref().len(), 10_000);
        assert!(!css.is_empty());
        // Every rule carries one Static decl → one inline property each.
        assert_eq!(css.iter_inline_properties().count(), 10_000);
    }

    #[test]
    fn css_sort_by_specificity_on_empty_and_singleton_is_a_noop() {
        let mut empty = Css::empty();
        empty.sort_by_specificity();
        assert!(empty.is_empty());

        let one = rule_at(rule_priority::AUTHOR, vec![CssPathSelector::Global]);
        let mut css = Css::new(vec![one.clone()]);
        css.sort_by_specificity();
        assert_eq!(css.rules.as_ref(), &[one][..]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn css_sort_by_specificity_is_idempotent() {
        let mut css = Css::new(vec![
            rule_at(rule_priority::RUNTIME, vec![CssPathSelector::Global]),
            rule_at(
                rule_priority::UA,
                vec![
                    CssPathSelector::Id("x".to_string().into()),
                    CssPathSelector::Class("y".to_string().into()),
                ],
            ),
            rule_at(rule_priority::INLINE, vec![CssPathSelector::Global]),
            rule_at(
                rule_priority::AUTHOR,
                vec![CssPathSelector::Type(NodeTypeTag::Div)],
            ),
            rule_at(rule_priority::SYSTEM, vec![CssPathSelector::Global]),
        ]);
        css.sort_by_specificity();
        let once = css.clone();
        css.sort_by_specificity();
        assert_eq!(css, once, "sort_by_specificity must be idempotent");

        // Layer order is the primary key, and it is monotonically non-decreasing.
        let priorities: Vec<u8> = css.rules().map(|r| r.priority).collect();
        assert_eq!(
            priorities,
            vec![
                rule_priority::UA,
                rule_priority::SYSTEM,
                rule_priority::AUTHOR,
                rule_priority::INLINE,
                rule_priority::RUNTIME,
            ]
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn css_sort_by_specificity_keeps_equal_keys_in_source_order() {
        // sort_by is stable — two rules with the same (priority, specificity) must not swap.
        let a = CssRuleBlock::new(
            CssPath::new(vec![CssPathSelector::Global]),
            vec![CssDeclaration::Static(prop_width(1.0))],
        );
        let b = CssRuleBlock::new(
            CssPath::new(vec![CssPathSelector::Global]),
            vec![CssDeclaration::Static(prop_width(2.0))],
        );
        let mut css = Css::new(vec![a.clone(), b.clone()]);
        css.sort_by_specificity();
        assert_eq!(
            css.rules.as_ref(),
            &[a, b][..],
            "ties must keep source order (last-wins cascade depends on it)"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn css_iter_inline_properties_skips_dynamic_declarations() {
        let css = Css::new(vec![CssRuleBlock::with_conditions(
            CssPath::new(vec![CssPathSelector::Global]),
            vec![
                CssDeclaration::Static(prop_width(10.0)),
                CssDeclaration::Dynamic(dyn_prop("d", prop_text_color(1))),
                CssDeclaration::Static(prop_text_color(2)),
            ],
            vec![DynamicSelector::ContainerName("c".to_string().into())],
        )]);

        let collected: Vec<_> = css.iter_inline_properties().collect();
        assert_eq!(collected.len(), 2, "Dynamic declarations must be skipped");
        assert_eq!(collected[0].0.get_type(), CssPropertyType::Width);
        assert_eq!(collected[1].0.get_type(), CssPropertyType::TextColor);
        // Every yielded property shares the conditions of its enclosing rule.
        for (_, conds) in &collected {
            assert_eq!(conds.as_ref().len(), 1);
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn css_iter_inline_properties_on_rule_without_declarations() {
        let css = Css::new(vec![CssRuleBlock::new(
            CssPath::new(vec![CssPathSelector::Global]),
            Vec::new(),
        )]);
        assert!(!css.is_empty(), "a rule with 0 declarations is still a rule");
        assert_eq!(css.iter_inline_properties().count(), 0);
    }

    #[test]
    fn css_ord_is_length_based_by_design() {
        // Documented deviation: `Ord for Css` compares rule COUNT only, so two
        // structurally different stylesheets of equal length compare Equal while
        // PartialEq reports them as different. Pinned here so the deviation is a
        // deliberate choice, not an accident.
        let a = Css::new(vec![rule_at(
            rule_priority::UA,
            vec![CssPathSelector::Global],
        )]);
        let b = Css::new(vec![rule_at(
            rule_priority::RUNTIME,
            vec![CssPathSelector::Type(NodeTypeTag::Div)],
        )]);
        assert_ne!(a, b);
        assert_eq!(a.cmp(&b), core::cmp::Ordering::Equal);
        assert_eq!(a.partial_cmp(&b), Some(core::cmp::Ordering::Equal));
        // …and the length ordering itself is right.
        let longer = Css::new(vec![
            rule_at(rule_priority::UA, vec![CssPathSelector::Global]),
            rule_at(rule_priority::UA, vec![CssPathSelector::Global]),
        ]);
        assert_eq!(a.cmp(&longer), core::cmp::Ordering::Less);
        assert_eq!(Css::empty().cmp(&a), core::cmp::Ordering::Less);
    }

    // =====================================================================
    // CssDeclaration
    // =====================================================================

    #[test]
    fn css_declaration_new_static_matches_the_wrapped_property() {
        let p = prop_width(42.0);
        let d = CssDeclaration::new_static(p.clone());
        assert_eq!(d, CssDeclaration::Static(p.clone()));
        assert_eq!(d.get_type(), p.get_type());
        assert_eq!(d.get_type(), CssPropertyType::Width);
    }

    #[test]
    fn css_declaration_new_dynamic_takes_its_type_from_the_default_value() {
        let dp = dyn_prop("my_id", prop_text_color(7));
        let d = CssDeclaration::new_dynamic(dp.clone());
        assert_eq!(d, CssDeclaration::Dynamic(dp));
        assert_eq!(
            d.get_type(),
            CssPropertyType::TextColor,
            "a Dynamic declaration's type is its default value's type"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn css_declaration_is_inheritable_matrix() {
        // color inherits, width does not — that is the CSS spec.
        assert!(CssDeclaration::new_static(prop_text_color(1)).is_inheritable());
        assert!(!CssDeclaration::new_static(prop_width(1.0)).is_inheritable());
        // A Dynamic declaration is NEVER inheritable, even when its default value
        // is an inheritable property. Guards the documented anti-surprise rule.
        assert!(
            !CssDeclaration::new_dynamic(dyn_prop("c", prop_text_color(1))).is_inheritable(),
            "Dynamic declarations must never inherit, even wrapping an inheritable prop"
        );
        assert!(!CssDeclaration::new_dynamic(dyn_prop("w", prop_width(1.0))).is_inheritable());
    }

    #[test]
    fn css_declaration_can_trigger_relayout_matrix() {
        assert!(CssDeclaration::new_static(prop_width(1.0)).can_trigger_relayout());
        assert!(!CssDeclaration::new_static(prop_text_color(1)).can_trigger_relayout());
        // Dynamic delegates to the default value's type (unlike is_inheritable).
        assert!(CssDeclaration::new_dynamic(dyn_prop("w", prop_width(1.0))).can_trigger_relayout());
        assert!(
            !CssDeclaration::new_dynamic(dyn_prop("c", prop_text_color(1))).can_trigger_relayout()
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn css_declaration_to_str_static_is_non_empty_for_edge_floats() {
        for px in [
            0.0_f32,
            -0.0,
            f32::MIN,
            f32::MAX,
            f32::NAN,
            f32::INFINITY,
            f32::NEG_INFINITY,
            f32::EPSILON,
        ] {
            let s = CssDeclaration::new_static(prop_width(px)).to_str();
            assert!(
                !s.is_empty(),
                "to_str() must render something for width: {px:?}"
            );
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn css_declaration_to_str_dynamic_renders_var_syntax() {
        let s = CssDeclaration::new_dynamic(dyn_prop("my_id", prop_width(5.0))).to_str();
        assert!(
            s.starts_with("var(--my_id, "),
            "dynamic to_str must render CSS var() syntax, got {s:?}"
        );
        assert!(s.ends_with(')'));
    }

    #[test]
    fn css_declaration_to_str_dynamic_with_hostile_ids_does_not_panic() {
        let long = "x".repeat(100_000);
        for id in [
            "",
            "   ",
            "😀",
            "a\u{0301}\u{0301}",
            "--)",
            "\u{0}",
            "a\nb",
            long.as_str(),
        ] {
            let s = CssDeclaration::new_dynamic(dyn_prop(id, prop_width(1.0))).to_str();
            assert!(s.starts_with("var(--"));
        }
    }

    // =====================================================================
    // DynamicCssProperty
    // =====================================================================

    #[test]
    fn dynamic_css_property_is_never_inheritable() {
        for p in [
            prop_text_color(0),
            prop_width(0.0),
            prop_width(f32::NAN),
            CssProperty::const_none(CssPropertyType::FontSize),
            CssProperty::const_inherit(CssPropertyType::TextColor),
        ] {
            assert!(
                !dyn_prop("id", p).is_inheritable(),
                "DynamicCssProperty::is_inheritable is unconditionally false"
            );
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn dynamic_css_property_relayout_follows_the_default_value_type() {
        assert!(dyn_prop("a", prop_width(1.0)).can_trigger_relayout());
        assert!(!dyn_prop("a", prop_text_color(1)).can_trigger_relayout());
        // Keyword-valued defaults keep their property type, so the answer is unchanged.
        assert!(dyn_prop("a", CssProperty::const_auto(CssPropertyType::Width)).can_trigger_relayout());
        assert!(
            !dyn_prop("a", CssProperty::const_none(CssPropertyType::TextColor))
                .can_trigger_relayout()
        );
    }

    // =====================================================================
    // BoxOrStatic
    // =====================================================================

    static STATIC_U32: u32 = 0xDEAD_BEEF;

    #[test]
    fn box_or_static_heap_round_trips_through_as_ref_and_deref() {
        let b = BoxOrStatic::heap(123_u32);
        assert_eq!(*b.as_ref(), 123);
        assert_eq!(*b, 123, "Deref must agree with as_ref");
        assert_eq!(*BoxOrStatic::heap(u32::MAX).as_ref(), u32::MAX);
        assert_eq!(*BoxOrStatic::heap(0_u32).as_ref(), 0);
        // Zero-sized payload: exercise as_ref + Deref on the ZST heap path (no
        // value to compare; Miri is the UB oracle here).
        let z = BoxOrStatic::heap(());
        let _: &() = z.as_ref();
        let () = *z;
        let big = BoxOrStatic::heap(vec![0_u8; 1_000_000]);
        assert_eq!(big.as_ref().len(), 1_000_000);
    }

    #[test]
    fn box_or_static_static_variant_reads_through_as_ref() {
        let b: BoxOrStatic<u32> = BoxOrStatic::Static(&STATIC_U32 as *const u32);
        assert_eq!(*b.as_ref(), 0xDEAD_BEEF);
        assert_eq!(*b, 0xDEAD_BEEF);
    }

    #[test]
    fn box_or_static_as_mut_mutates_the_boxed_value() {
        let mut b = BoxOrStatic::heap(1_u32);
        *b.as_mut() = 9;
        assert_eq!(*b.as_ref(), 9);
    }

    #[test]
    #[should_panic(expected = "Cannot mutate a static BoxOrStatic value")]
    fn box_or_static_as_mut_on_static_panics_as_documented() {
        let mut b: BoxOrStatic<u32> = BoxOrStatic::Static(&STATIC_U32 as *const u32);
        let _ = b.as_mut();
    }

    #[test]
    fn box_or_static_clone_is_deep_for_boxed() {
        let a = BoxOrStatic::heap(5_u32);
        let mut b = a.clone();
        *b.as_mut() = 6;
        assert_eq!(*a.as_ref(), 5, "cloning a Boxed value must not alias it");
        assert_eq!(*b.as_ref(), 6);
        assert_ne!(a, b);
    }

    #[test]
    fn box_or_static_eq_ord_hash_all_delegate_to_the_inner_value() {
        let heap = BoxOrStatic::heap(0xDEAD_BEEF_u32);
        let stat: BoxOrStatic<u32> = BoxOrStatic::Static(&STATIC_U32 as *const u32);
        // Same inner value, different variant → still equal / equal-hashing / equal-ordering.
        assert_eq!(heap, stat);
        assert_eq!(hash_of(&heap), hash_of(&stat));
        assert_eq!(heap.cmp(&stat), core::cmp::Ordering::Equal);
        assert_eq!(heap.partial_cmp(&stat), Some(core::cmp::Ordering::Equal));

        let smaller = BoxOrStatic::heap(1_u32);
        assert!(smaller < heap);
    }

    #[test]
    fn box_or_static_debug_and_display_render_the_inner_value() {
        let b = BoxOrStatic::heap(42_u32);
        assert_eq!(format!("{b:?}"), "42");
        assert_eq!(format!("{b}"), "42");
        let s: BoxOrStaticString = BoxOrStatic::heap(String::new().into());
        assert!(
            !format!("{s:?}").is_empty(),
            "Debug of an empty string payload is still well-formed"
        );
        // Hostile float payloads must not panic while formatting.
        for f in [f64::NAN, f64::INFINITY, f64::NEG_INFINITY, f64::MIN] {
            let bf = BoxOrStatic::heap(f);
            assert!(!format!("{bf:?}").is_empty());
            assert!(!format!("{bf}").is_empty());
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn box_or_static_default_is_a_heap_allocated_default() {
        let b: BoxOrStatic<u32> = BoxOrStatic::default();
        assert_eq!(*b.as_ref(), 0);
        assert!(matches!(b, BoxOrStatic::Boxed(_)));
        let s: BoxOrStaticString = BoxOrStatic::default();
        assert_eq!(s.as_ref().as_str(), "");
    }

    #[test]
    fn box_or_static_into_inner_returns_the_payload() {
        assert_eq!(BoxOrStatic::heap(7_u32).into_inner(), 7);
        let stat: BoxOrStatic<u32> = BoxOrStatic::Static(&STATIC_U32 as *const u32);
        assert_eq!(stat.into_inner(), 0xDEAD_BEEF);
        let s: BoxOrStaticString = BoxOrStatic::heap("hello".to_string().into());
        assert_eq!(s.into_inner().as_str(), "hello");
    }

    #[test]
    fn box_or_static_into_inner_must_not_leak_the_box() {
        use core::sync::atomic::{AtomicIsize, Ordering};

        // Counts LIVE instances: +1 on construction, +1 on clone, -1 on drop.
        // Never touched by any other test, so parallel execution is safe.
        static LIVE: AtomicIsize = AtomicIsize::new(0);

        struct Tracked(u32);
        impl Tracked {
            fn new(v: u32) -> Self {
                LIVE.fetch_add(1, Ordering::SeqCst);
                Self(v)
            }
        }
        impl Clone for Tracked {
            fn clone(&self) -> Self {
                LIVE.fetch_add(1, Ordering::SeqCst);
                Self(self.0)
            }
        }
        impl Drop for Tracked {
            fn drop(&mut self) {
                LIVE.fetch_sub(1, Ordering::SeqCst);
            }
        }

        let boxed = BoxOrStatic::heap(Tracked::new(7));
        assert_eq!(LIVE.load(Ordering::SeqCst), 1);

        let inner = boxed.into_inner();
        assert_eq!(inner.0, 7);
        drop(inner);

        assert_eq!(
            LIVE.load(Ordering::SeqCst),
            0,
            "into_inner() on a Boxed variant leaks: it clones the payload and then \
             mem::forget(self), so `Drop for BoxOrStatic` never runs and the Box \
             (plus the T inside it) is never freed"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    #[cfg(target_pointer_width = "64")]
    fn box_or_static_is_the_documented_16_bytes() {
        assert_eq!(size_of::<BoxOrStatic<u32>>(), 16);
        assert_eq!(size_of::<BoxOrStaticString>(), 16);
    }

    // =====================================================================
    // CssPropertyValue
    // =====================================================================

    #[test]
    fn css_property_value_predicates_are_mutually_exclusive() {
        for v in keyword_values() {
            let flags = [
                v.is_auto(),
                v.is_none(),
                v.is_initial(),
                v.is_inherit(),
                v.is_revert(),
                v.is_unset(),
            ];
            assert_eq!(
                flags.iter().filter(|b| **b).count(),
                1,
                "exactly one predicate must fire for {v:?}"
            );
            assert!(
                v.get_property().is_none(),
                "a keyword variant has no property"
            );
        }

        let exact = CssPropertyValue::Exact(TestVal(1.0));
        assert!(
            !exact.is_auto()
                && !exact.is_none()
                && !exact.is_initial()
                && !exact.is_inherit()
                && !exact.is_revert()
                && !exact.is_unset(),
            "Exact must answer false to every keyword predicate"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn css_property_value_predicates_pick_the_right_variant() {
        assert!(CssPropertyValue::<TestVal>::Auto.is_auto());
        assert!(CssPropertyValue::<TestVal>::None.is_none());
        assert!(CssPropertyValue::<TestVal>::Initial.is_initial());
        assert!(CssPropertyValue::<TestVal>::Inherit.is_inherit());
        assert!(CssPropertyValue::<TestVal>::Revert.is_revert());
        assert!(CssPropertyValue::<TestVal>::Unset.is_unset());
    }

    #[test]
    fn css_property_value_get_property_and_get_property_owned_agree() {
        let exact = CssPropertyValue::Exact(TestVal(3.5));
        assert_eq!(exact.get_property(), Some(&TestVal(3.5)));
        assert_eq!(exact.get_property_owned(), Some(TestVal(3.5)));
        for v in keyword_values() {
            assert_eq!(v.get_property(), None);
            assert_eq!(v.get_property_owned(), None);
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn css_property_value_get_property_or_default_substitutes_only_auto_and_initial() {
        // Documented mapping: Auto/Initial fall back to T::default(); the remaining
        // keywords stay None (the cascade resolves them elsewhere).
        assert_eq!(
            CssPropertyValue::<TestVal>::Auto.get_property_or_default(),
            Some(TestVal::default())
        );
        assert_eq!(
            CssPropertyValue::<TestVal>::Initial.get_property_or_default(),
            Some(TestVal::default())
        );
        assert_eq!(CssPropertyValue::<TestVal>::None.get_property_or_default(), None);
        assert_eq!(
            CssPropertyValue::<TestVal>::Inherit.get_property_or_default(),
            None
        );
        assert_eq!(
            CssPropertyValue::<TestVal>::Revert.get_property_or_default(),
            None
        );
        assert_eq!(CssPropertyValue::<TestVal>::Unset.get_property_or_default(), None);
        assert_eq!(
            CssPropertyValue::Exact(TestVal(9.0)).get_property_or_default(),
            Some(TestVal(9.0))
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn css_property_value_default_is_exact_default() {
        assert_eq!(
            CssPropertyValue::<TestVal>::default(),
            CssPropertyValue::Exact(TestVal::default())
        );
        assert!(!CssPropertyValue::<TestVal>::default().is_auto());
    }

    #[test]
    fn css_property_value_from_wraps_into_exact() {
        let v: CssPropertyValue<TestVal> = TestVal(2.0).into();
        assert_eq!(v, CssPropertyValue::Exact(TestVal(2.0)));
    }

    #[test]
    fn css_property_value_keyword_serialization_is_the_css_keyword() {
        let cases: [(CssPropertyValue<TestVal>, &str); 6] = [
            (CssPropertyValue::Auto, "auto"),
            (CssPropertyValue::None, "none"),
            (CssPropertyValue::Initial, "initial"),
            (CssPropertyValue::Inherit, "inherit"),
            (CssPropertyValue::Revert, "revert"),
            (CssPropertyValue::Unset, "unset"),
        ];
        for (v, expected) in cases {
            assert_eq!(v.get_css_value_fmt(), expected);
            assert_eq!(
                format!("{v}"),
                expected,
                "Display and get_css_value_fmt must not diverge for keywords"
            );
        }
        let exact = CssPropertyValue::Exact(TestVal(1.5));
        assert_eq!(exact.get_css_value_fmt(), "1.5");
        assert_eq!(format!("{exact}"), "1.5");
    }

    #[test]
    fn css_property_value_serializes_hostile_floats_without_panicking() {
        for f in [
            f32::NAN,
            f32::INFINITY,
            f32::NEG_INFINITY,
            f32::MIN,
            f32::MAX,
            -0.0,
            f32::MIN_POSITIVE,
        ] {
            let v = CssPropertyValue::Exact(TestVal(f));
            assert!(!v.get_css_value_fmt().is_empty());
            assert!(!format!("{v}").is_empty());
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn css_property_value_map_property_preserves_keyword_variants() {
        // The mapper must never run for a keyword variant…
        for v in keyword_values() {
            let before = format!("{v}");
            let mapped: CssPropertyValue<u32> =
                v.map_property(|_| panic!("map_fn must not run on a keyword variant"));
            assert_eq!(format!("{mapped}"), before, "the keyword must survive the map");
        }
        // …and must run exactly once for Exact.
        let mapped = CssPropertyValue::Exact(TestVal(2.0)).map_property(|t| t.0 as u32);
        assert_eq!(mapped, CssPropertyValue::Exact(2_u32));
    }

    #[test]
    fn css_property_value_map_property_handles_nan_and_type_changing_maps() {
        let mapped = CssPropertyValue::Exact(TestVal(f32::NAN)).map_property(|t| t.0.is_nan());
        assert_eq!(mapped, CssPropertyValue::Exact(true));
        // f32 -> i32 saturating cast on infinity must not trap.
        let mapped = CssPropertyValue::Exact(TestVal(f32::INFINITY)).map_property(|t| t.0 as i64);
        assert_eq!(mapped, CssPropertyValue::Exact(i64::MAX));
    }

    // =====================================================================
    // CssRuleBlock
    // =====================================================================

    #[test]
    fn css_rule_block_new_defaults_to_author_priority_and_no_conditions() {
        let decls = vec![
            CssDeclaration::Static(prop_width(1.0)),
            CssDeclaration::Static(prop_text_color(2)),
        ];
        let r = CssRuleBlock::new(
            CssPath::new(vec![CssPathSelector::Type(NodeTypeTag::Div)]),
            decls.clone(),
        );
        assert_eq!(r.priority, rule_priority::AUTHOR);
        assert!(r.conditions.as_ref().is_empty());
        assert_eq!(r.declarations.as_ref(), &decls[..]);
        assert_eq!(r.path.selectors.as_ref().len(), 1);
    }

    #[test]
    fn css_rule_block_with_conditions_keeps_every_condition() {
        let conds: Vec<DynamicSelector> = (0..1_000)
            .map(|i| DynamicSelector::ContainerName(format!("c{i}").into()))
            .collect();
        let r = CssRuleBlock::with_conditions(
            CssPath::default(),
            Vec::new(),
            conds.clone(),
        );
        assert_eq!(r.conditions.as_ref().len(), 1_000);
        assert_eq!(r.conditions.as_ref(), &conds[..]);
        assert_eq!(
            r.priority,
            rule_priority::AUTHOR,
            "with_conditions must not change the layer"
        );
        assert!(r.declarations.as_ref().is_empty());
        assert!(r.path.selectors.as_ref().is_empty());
    }

    #[test]
    fn css_rule_block_default_is_empty_and_ua_priority() {
        let r = CssRuleBlock::default();
        assert!(r.path.selectors.as_ref().is_empty());
        assert!(r.declarations.as_ref().is_empty());
        assert!(r.conditions.as_ref().is_empty());
        assert_eq!(r.priority, rule_priority::UA, "u8::default() == 0 == UA");
    }

    #[test]
    fn rule_priority_slots_are_strictly_ordered() {
        const _: () = assert!(rule_priority::UA < rule_priority::SYSTEM);
        const _: () = assert!(rule_priority::SYSTEM < rule_priority::AUTHOR);
        const _: () = assert!(rule_priority::AUTHOR < rule_priority::INLINE);
        const _: () = assert!(rule_priority::INLINE < rule_priority::RUNTIME);
    }

    // =====================================================================
    // NodeTypeTag — parse / serialize round trip
    // =====================================================================

    const ALL_TAGS: &[NodeTypeTag] = {
        use NodeTypeTag::*;
        &[
            Html, Head, Body, Div, P, Article, Section, Nav, Aside, Header, Footer, Main, Figure,
            FigCaption, H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, Br, Hr, Pre, BlockQuote, Address, Details, Summary,
            Dialog, Ul, Ol, Li, Dl, Dt, Dd, Menu, MenuItem, Dir, Table, Caption, THead, TBody,
            TFoot, Tr, Th, Td, ColGroup, Col, Form, FieldSet, Legend, Label, Input, Button, Select,
            OptGroup, SelectOption, TextArea, Output, Progress, Meter, DataList, Span, A, Em,
            Strong, B, I, U, S, Mark, Del, Ins, Code, Samp, Kbd, Var, Cite, Dfn, Abbr, Acronym, Q,
            Time, Sub, Sup, Small, Big, Bdo, Bdi, Wbr, Ruby, Rt, Rtc, Rp, Data, Canvas, Object,
            Param, Embed, Audio, Video, Source, Track, Map, Area, Svg, SvgPath, SvgCircle, SvgRect,
            SvgEllipse, SvgLine, SvgPolygon, SvgPolyline, SvgG, SvgDefs, SvgSymbol, SvgUse,
            SvgSwitch, SvgText, SvgTspan, SvgTextPath, SvgLinearGradient, SvgRadialGradient,
            SvgStop, SvgPattern, SvgClipPathElement, SvgMask, SvgFilter, SvgFeBlend,
            SvgFeColorMatrix, SvgFeComponentTransfer, SvgFeComposite, SvgFeConvolveMatrix,
            SvgFeDiffuseLighting, SvgFeDisplacementMap, SvgFeDistantLight, SvgFeDropShadow,
            SvgFeFlood, SvgFeFuncR, SvgFeFuncG, SvgFeFuncB, SvgFeFuncA, SvgFeGaussianBlur,
            SvgFeImage, SvgFeMerge, SvgFeMergeNode, SvgFeMorphology, SvgFeOffset, SvgFePointLight,
            SvgFeSpecularLighting, SvgFeSpotLight, SvgFeTile, SvgFeTurbulence, SvgMarker, SvgImage,
            SvgForeignObject, SvgTitle, SvgDesc, SvgMetadata, SvgA, SvgView, SvgStyle, SvgScript,
            SvgAnimate, SvgAnimateMotion, SvgAnimateTransform, SvgSet, SvgMpath, Title, Meta, Link,
            Script, Style, Base, Text, Img, VirtualView, Icon, GeolocationProbe, Before, After,
            Marker, Placeholder,
        ]
    };

    #[test]
    fn node_type_tag_variant_list_is_complete_and_unique() {
        // Guard rail for the round-trip tests below: if a variant is added to the enum
        // without being added here, this count check fails and points at the omission.
        assert_eq!(
            ALL_TAGS.len(),
            182,
            "ALL_TAGS is out of sync with the NodeTypeTag enum"
        );
        let mut seen: Vec<NodeTypeTag> = Vec::new();
        for t in ALL_TAGS {
            assert!(!seen.contains(t), "duplicate entry in ALL_TAGS: {t:?}");
            seen.push(*t);
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn node_type_tag_display_names_are_all_distinct() {
        let mut names: Vec<String> = ALL_TAGS.iter().map(ToString::to_string).collect();
        names.sort();
        let before = names.len();
        names.dedup();
        assert_eq!(
            names.len(),
            before,
            "two NodeTypeTag variants serialize to the same CSS tag name — \
             the string is then ambiguous on the way back in"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn node_type_tag_display_then_from_str_round_trips_every_variant() {
        let mut broken: Vec<(NodeTypeTag, String)> = Vec::new();
        for tag in ALL_TAGS {
            let serialized = tag.to_string();
            // Resolve to a bool first: the Result borrows `serialized`, so `serialized`
            // cannot be moved into `broken` while that borrow is still live.
            let round_trips = matches!(NodeTypeTag::from_str(&serialized), Ok(t) if t == *tag);
            if !round_trips {
                broken.push((*tag, serialized));
            }
        }
        assert!(
            broken.is_empty(),
            "from_str(Display(tag)) must yield tag back, but these variants do not \
             round-trip: {broken:?}"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn node_type_tag_serialize_parse_serialize_is_stable() {
        // Idempotent normalization: for every variant that parses back at all, a second
        // serialize must produce a byte-identical string.
        for tag in ALL_TAGS {
            let once = tag.to_string();
            if let Ok(parsed) = NodeTypeTag::from_str(&once) {
                assert_eq!(
                    parsed.to_string(),
                    once,
                    "serialize(parse(serialize({tag:?}))) drifted"
                );
            }
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn node_type_tag_from_str_valid_minimal() {
        assert_eq!(NodeTypeTag::from_str("div"), Ok(NodeTypeTag::Div));
        assert_eq!(NodeTypeTag::from_str("p"), Ok(NodeTypeTag::P));
        assert_eq!(NodeTypeTag::from_str("a"), Ok(NodeTypeTag::A));
    }

    #[test]
    fn node_type_tag_from_str_accepts_documented_aliases() {
        // Two spellings, one variant — and the canonical spelling is what comes back out.
        assert_eq!(NodeTypeTag::from_str("image"), Ok(NodeTypeTag::SvgImage));
        assert_eq!(NodeTypeTag::from_str("svg:image"), Ok(NodeTypeTag::SvgImage));
        assert_eq!(NodeTypeTag::SvgImage.to_string(), "svg:image");

        assert_eq!(NodeTypeTag::from_str("iframe"), Ok(NodeTypeTag::VirtualView));
        assert_eq!(
            NodeTypeTag::from_str("virtual-view"),
            Ok(NodeTypeTag::VirtualView)
        );

        for (bare, prefixed, tag) in [
            ("before", "::before", NodeTypeTag::Before),
            ("after", "::after", NodeTypeTag::After),
            ("marker", "::marker", NodeTypeTag::Marker),
            ("placeholder", "::placeholder", NodeTypeTag::Placeholder),
        ] {
            assert_eq!(NodeTypeTag::from_str(bare), Ok(tag));
            assert_eq!(NodeTypeTag::from_str(prefixed), Ok(tag));
            assert_eq!(
                tag.to_string(),
                prefixed,
                "pseudo-elements must serialize in their `::` form"
            );
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn node_type_tag_from_str_rejects_hostile_input_without_panicking() {
        let long = "a".repeat(1_000_000);
        let nested = "<".repeat(10_000);
        let hostile = [
            "",                       // empty
            " ",                      // whitespace only
            "   \t\n\r  ",            // whitespace only, mixed
            " div",                   // leading junk — no trimming
            "div ",                   // trailing junk
            "  div  ",                // both
            "div;garbage",            // trailing garbage
            "DIV",                    // wrong case — CSS tag matching here is case-sensitive
            "Div",
            "0",
            "-0",
            "9223372036854775807",    // i64::MAX
            "1e400",
            "NaN",
            "inf",
            "-inf",
            "\u{1F600}",              // emoji
            "e\u{0301}",              // combining mark
            "\u{0}",                  // NUL
            "\u{FEFF}div",            // BOM prefix
            "div\u{0}",
            "*",
            "::",
            ":::before",
            "<script>",
            long.as_str(),
            nested.as_str(),
        ];
        for input in hostile {
            match NodeTypeTag::from_str(input) {
                Ok(t) => panic!("{input:?} must not parse, but produced {t:?}"),
                Err(NodeTypeTagParseError::Invalid(echoed)) => {
                    assert_eq!(echoed, input, "the error must echo the input verbatim");
                }
            }
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn node_type_tag_parse_error_display_names_the_offending_input() {
        let e = NodeTypeTagParseError::Invalid("wat");
        assert_eq!(format!("{e}"), "Invalid node type: wat");
        // Empty / unicode payloads must still format cleanly.
        assert_eq!(format!("{}", NodeTypeTagParseError::Invalid("")), "Invalid node type: ");
        assert!(format!("{}", NodeTypeTagParseError::Invalid("😀")).contains('😀'));
    }

    #[test]
    fn node_type_tag_parse_error_to_contained_to_shared_round_trips() {
        let long = "x".repeat(10_000);
        for s in ["", "   ", "div", "😀", "e\u{0301}", "\u{0}", long.as_str()] {
            let shared = NodeTypeTagParseError::Invalid(s);
            let owned = shared.to_contained();
            assert_eq!(owned, NodeTypeTagParseErrorOwned::Invalid(s.to_string().into()));
            assert_eq!(
                owned.to_shared(),
                shared,
                "to_shared(to_contained(x)) must equal x"
            );
            // …and the owned form still renders the same message.
            assert_eq!(format!("{}", owned.to_shared()), format!("{shared}"));
        }
    }

    // =====================================================================
    // CssPath / CssScopeRange
    // =====================================================================

    #[test]
    fn css_path_new_preserves_selectors_including_empty() {
        assert!(CssPath::new(Vec::new()).selectors.as_ref().is_empty());
        assert_eq!(CssPath::new(Vec::new()), CssPath::default());

        let sels = vec![
            CssPathSelector::Type(NodeTypeTag::Div),
            CssPathSelector::DirectChildren,
            CssPathSelector::Class("c".to_string().into()),
        ];
        let p = CssPath::new(sels.clone());
        assert_eq!(p.selectors.as_ref(), &sels[..]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn css_path_display_and_debug_agree_and_compose() {
        let p = CssPath::new(vec![
            CssPathSelector::Type(NodeTypeTag::Div),
            CssPathSelector::Id("id".to_string().into()),
            CssPathSelector::Class("cls".to_string().into()),
            CssPathSelector::PseudoSelector(CssPathPseudoSelector::Hover),
        ]);
        assert_eq!(format!("{p}"), "div#id.cls:hover");
        assert_eq!(format!("{p:?}"), format!("{p}"), "Debug delegates to Display");
        // An empty path renders as the empty string — deterministic, no panic.
        assert_eq!(format!("{}", CssPath::default()), "");
    }

    #[test]
    fn push_front_scope_scopes_a_bare_star_rule_to_the_node_only() {
        // A bare `*` path is the parse_inline wrapper for inline styles → node-only.
        let mut p = CssPath::new(vec![CssPathSelector::Global]);
        p.push_front_scope(5, 9);
        assert_eq!(
            p.selectors.as_ref(),
            &[
                CssPathSelector::Root(CssScopeRange { start: 5, end: 5 }),
                CssPathSelector::Global,
            ][..],
            "inline style must not leak past the owner node (#47)"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn push_front_scope_scopes_a_real_selector_to_the_whole_subtree() {
        let mut p = CssPath::new(vec![CssPathSelector::Class("menu-item".to_string().into())]);
        p.push_front_scope(5, 9);
        assert_eq!(
            p.selectors.as_ref()[0],
            CssPathSelector::Root(CssScopeRange { start: 5, end: 9 })
        );
        assert_eq!(p.selectors.as_ref().len(), 2);
    }

    #[test]
    fn push_front_scope_on_an_empty_path_uses_the_subtree_range() {
        // len() != 1 → not the bare-`*` case → subtree scope.
        let mut p = CssPath::default();
        p.push_front_scope(2, 8);
        assert_eq!(
            p.selectors.as_ref(),
            &[CssPathSelector::Root(CssScopeRange { start: 2, end: 8 })][..]
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn push_front_scope_at_numeric_boundaries_does_not_panic() {
        // 0, usize::MAX, and an INVERTED range (start > end) — the function does no
        // arithmetic, so all three must be stored verbatim without overflow.
        for (start, end) in [
            (0_usize, 0_usize),
            (0, usize::MAX),
            (usize::MAX, usize::MAX),
            (usize::MAX, 0),  // inverted: end < start
            (9, 5),           // inverted
        ] {
            let mut p = CssPath::new(vec![CssPathSelector::Class("c".to_string().into())]);
            p.push_front_scope(start, end);
            assert_eq!(
                p.selectors.as_ref()[0],
                CssPathSelector::Root(CssScopeRange { start, end })
            );
        }
        // The bare-`*` branch clamps `end` to `start`, so it can never be inverted.
        let mut g = CssPath::new(vec![CssPathSelector::Global]);
        g.push_front_scope(usize::MAX, 0);
        assert_eq!(
            g.selectors.as_ref()[0],
            CssPathSelector::Root(CssScopeRange {
                start: usize::MAX,
                end: usize::MAX
            })
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn push_front_scope_applied_twice_stacks_root_selectors() {
        let mut p = CssPath::new(vec![CssPathSelector::Global]);
        p.push_front_scope(5, 9);
        // Now the path is [Root, Global] (len 2) → no longer the bare-`*` case, so the
        // second call scopes to the full subtree rather than node-only.
        p.push_front_scope(1, 20);
        assert_eq!(
            p.selectors.as_ref(),
            &[
                CssPathSelector::Root(CssScopeRange { start: 1, end: 20 }),
                CssPathSelector::Root(CssScopeRange { start: 5, end: 5 }),
                CssPathSelector::Global,
            ][..]
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn push_front_scope_on_a_long_path_preserves_order_and_length() {
        let sels: Vec<CssPathSelector> = (0..5_000)
            .map(|i| CssPathSelector::Class(format!("c{i}").into()))
            .collect();
        let mut p = CssPath::new(sels.clone());
        p.push_front_scope(3, 4);
        assert_eq!(p.selectors.as_ref().len(), 5_001);
        assert_eq!(
            p.selectors.as_ref()[0],
            CssPathSelector::Root(CssScopeRange { start: 3, end: 4 })
        );
        assert_eq!(&p.selectors.as_ref()[1..], &sels[..], "the tail must be untouched");
    }

    #[test]
    fn scope_range_contains_at_zero_and_usize_max() {
        let zero = CssScopeRange { start: 0, end: 0 };
        assert!(zero.contains(0));
        assert!(!zero.contains(1));
        assert!(!zero.contains(usize::MAX));

        let full = CssScopeRange {
            start: 0,
            end: usize::MAX,
        };
        assert!(full.contains(0));
        assert!(full.contains(usize::MAX));
        assert!(full.contains(usize::MAX / 2));

        let top = CssScopeRange {
            start: usize::MAX,
            end: usize::MAX,
        };
        assert!(top.contains(usize::MAX));
        assert!(!top.contains(usize::MAX - 1));
        assert!(!top.contains(0));
    }

    #[test]
    fn scope_range_inverted_contains_nothing() {
        // start > end is nonsense but must degrade to "matches nothing", not panic.
        let inverted = CssScopeRange { start: 9, end: 5 };
        for n in [0_usize, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10, usize::MAX] {
            assert!(!inverted.contains(n), "inverted range must never match {n}");
        }
    }

    // =====================================================================
    // Selector serializers
    // =====================================================================

    #[test]
    fn css_path_selector_display_covers_every_variant() {
        let cases: Vec<(CssPathSelector, String)> = vec![
            (CssPathSelector::Global, "*".to_string()),
            (
                CssPathSelector::Root(CssScopeRange { start: 2, end: 6 }),
                ":root(2..=6)".to_string(),
            ),
            (
                CssPathSelector::Type(NodeTypeTag::Div),
                "div".to_string(),
            ),
            (
                CssPathSelector::Class("c".to_string().into()),
                ".c".to_string(),
            ),
            (CssPathSelector::Id("i".to_string().into()), "#i".to_string()),
            (
                CssPathSelector::PseudoSelector(CssPathPseudoSelector::Focus),
                ":focus".to_string(),
            ),
            (
                CssPathSelector::Attribute(CssAttributeSelector::default()),
                "[]".to_string(),
            ),
            (CssPathSelector::DirectChildren, ">".to_string()),
            (CssPathSelector::Children, " ".to_string()),
            (CssPathSelector::AdjacentSibling, "+".to_string()),
            (CssPathSelector::GeneralSibling, "~".to_string()),
        ];
        for (sel, expected) in cases {
            assert_eq!(format!("{sel}"), expected);
        }
        assert_eq!(CssPathSelector::default(), CssPathSelector::Global);
    }

    #[test]
    fn css_path_selector_display_at_scope_range_boundaries() {
        let s = CssPathSelector::Root(CssScopeRange {
            start: 0,
            end: usize::MAX,
        });
        assert_eq!(format!("{s}"), format!(":root(0..={})", usize::MAX));
    }

    #[test]
    fn css_path_selector_display_with_empty_and_unicode_names() {
        // Empty class/id names produce a bare `.` / `#` — degenerate but deterministic.
        assert_eq!(
            format!("{}", CssPathSelector::Class(String::new().into())),
            "."
        );
        assert_eq!(format!("{}", CssPathSelector::Id(String::new().into())), "#");
        assert_eq!(
            format!("{}", CssPathSelector::Class("😀".to_string().into())),
            ".😀"
        );
        let long = "x".repeat(100_000);
        assert_eq!(
            format!("{}", CssPathSelector::Id(long.clone().into())).len(),
            long.len() + 1
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn attribute_match_op_symbol_prefix_matrix() {
        assert_eq!(AttributeMatchOp::Exists.symbol_prefix(), "");
        assert_eq!(AttributeMatchOp::Eq.symbol_prefix(), "");
        assert_eq!(AttributeMatchOp::Includes.symbol_prefix(), "~");
        assert_eq!(AttributeMatchOp::DashMatch.symbol_prefix(), "|");
        assert_eq!(AttributeMatchOp::Prefix.symbol_prefix(), "^");
        assert_eq!(AttributeMatchOp::Suffix.symbol_prefix(), "$");
        assert_eq!(AttributeMatchOp::Substring.symbol_prefix(), "*");
        assert_eq!(AttributeMatchOp::default(), AttributeMatchOp::Exists);
    }

    #[test]
    fn css_attribute_selector_display_renders_each_operator() {
        let ops = [
            (AttributeMatchOp::Eq, "[a=\"v\"]"),
            (AttributeMatchOp::Includes, "[a~=\"v\"]"),
            (AttributeMatchOp::DashMatch, "[a|=\"v\"]"),
            (AttributeMatchOp::Prefix, "[a^=\"v\"]"),
            (AttributeMatchOp::Suffix, "[a$=\"v\"]"),
            (AttributeMatchOp::Substring, "[a*=\"v\"]"),
        ];
        for (op, expected) in ops {
            let sel = CssAttributeSelector {
                name: "a".to_string().into(),
                op,
                value: OptionString::Some("v".to_string().into()),
            };
            assert_eq!(format!("{sel}"), expected);
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn css_attribute_selector_exists_ignores_any_value() {
        // `[attr]` has no right-hand side, so a stray value must be dropped, not printed.
        let sel = CssAttributeSelector {
            name: "a".to_string().into(),
            op: AttributeMatchOp::Exists,
            value: OptionString::Some("ignored".to_string().into()),
        };
        assert_eq!(format!("{sel}"), "[a]");
        assert_eq!(format!("{}", CssAttributeSelector::default()), "[]");
    }

    #[test]
    fn css_attribute_selector_missing_value_renders_an_empty_string_literal() {
        let sel = CssAttributeSelector {
            name: "a".to_string().into(),
            op: AttributeMatchOp::Eq,
            value: OptionString::None,
        };
        assert_eq!(format!("{sel}"), "[a=\"\"]");
    }

    #[test]
    fn css_attribute_selector_display_with_hostile_names_and_values_does_not_panic() {
        for (name, value) in [
            ("", ""),
            ("😀", "😀"),
            ("a\u{0301}", "e\u{0301}"),
            ("a", "has \" quote"),   // NOTE: not escaped — see report
            ("a", "]"),
            ("a", "\u{0}"),
            ("a", "\n"),
        ] {
            let sel = CssAttributeSelector {
                name: name.to_string().into(),
                op: AttributeMatchOp::Eq,
                value: OptionString::Some(value.to_string().into()),
            };
            let out = format!("{sel}");
            assert!(out.starts_with('[') && out.ends_with(']'));
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn css_nth_child_selector_display_at_numeric_boundaries() {
        assert_eq!(format!("{}", CssNthChildSelector::Number(0)), "0");
        assert_eq!(
            format!("{}", CssNthChildSelector::Number(u32::MAX)),
            u32::MAX.to_string()
        );
        assert_eq!(format!("{}", CssNthChildSelector::Even), "even");
        assert_eq!(format!("{}", CssNthChildSelector::Odd), "odd");
        assert_eq!(
            format!(
                "{}",
                CssNthChildSelector::Pattern(CssNthChildPattern {
                    pattern_repeat: 2,
                    offset: 1,
                })
            ),
            "2n + 1"
        );
        // A=0 / A=B=u32::MAX must not overflow or panic while formatting.
        assert_eq!(
            format!(
                "{}",
                CssNthChildSelector::Pattern(CssNthChildPattern {
                    pattern_repeat: 0,
                    offset: 0,
                })
            ),
            "0n + 0"
        );
        let maxed = CssNthChildSelector::Pattern(CssNthChildPattern {
            pattern_repeat: u32::MAX,
            offset: u32::MAX,
        });
        assert_eq!(
            format!("{maxed}"),
            format!("{}n + {}", u32::MAX, u32::MAX)
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn css_path_pseudo_selector_display_covers_every_variant() {
        let cases: Vec<(CssPathPseudoSelector, String)> = vec![
            (CssPathPseudoSelector::First, "first".to_string()),
            (CssPathPseudoSelector::Last, "last".to_string()),
            (
                CssPathPseudoSelector::NthChild(CssNthChildSelector::Even),
                "nth-child(even)".to_string(),
            ),
            (CssPathPseudoSelector::Hover, "hover".to_string()),
            (CssPathPseudoSelector::Active, "active".to_string()),
            (CssPathPseudoSelector::Focus, "focus".to_string()),
            (
                CssPathPseudoSelector::Lang("de-DE".to_string().into()),
                "lang(de-DE)".to_string(),
            ),
            (CssPathPseudoSelector::Backdrop, "backdrop".to_string()),
            (CssPathPseudoSelector::Dragging, "dragging".to_string()),
            (CssPathPseudoSelector::DragOver, "drag-over".to_string()),
        ];
        for (p, expected) in cases {
            assert_eq!(format!("{p}"), expected);
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn css_path_pseudo_selector_lang_with_hostile_payloads_does_not_panic() {
        let long = "l".repeat(100_000);
        for lang in ["", "   ", "😀", "e\u{0301}", ")", "\u{0}", long.as_str()] {
            let p = CssPathPseudoSelector::Lang(lang.to_string().into());
            let out = format!("{p}");
            assert!(out.starts_with("lang(") && out.ends_with(')'));
        }
    }

    // =====================================================================
    // get_specificity
    // =====================================================================

    #[test]
    fn get_specificity_of_an_empty_path_is_all_zero() {
        assert_eq!(get_specificity(&CssPath::default()), (0, 0, 0, 0));
        assert_eq!(get_specificity(&CssPath::new(Vec::new())), (0, 0, 0, 0));
    }

    #[test]
    fn get_specificity_counts_ids_classes_and_types_separately() {
        let path = CssPath::new(vec![
            CssPathSelector::Id("a".to_string().into()),
            CssPathSelector::Id("b".to_string().into()),
            CssPathSelector::Class("c".to_string().into()),
            CssPathSelector::PseudoSelector(CssPathPseudoSelector::Hover),
            CssPathSelector::Attribute(CssAttributeSelector::default()),
            CssPathSelector::Type(NodeTypeTag::Div),
        ]);
        // pseudo-classes and attribute selectors count in the CLASS column (per W3C).
        assert_eq!(get_specificity(&path), (2, 3, 1, 6));
    }

    #[test]
    fn get_specificity_ignores_combinators_and_root_except_in_the_total() {
        let path = CssPath::new(vec![
            CssPathSelector::Root(CssScopeRange { start: 0, end: 9 }),
            CssPathSelector::Global,
            CssPathSelector::Children,
            CssPathSelector::DirectChildren,
            CssPathSelector::AdjacentSibling,
            CssPathSelector::GeneralSibling,
        ]);
        let (ids, classes, types, total) = get_specificity(&path);
        assert_eq!((ids, classes, types), (0, 0, 0));
        assert_eq!(total, 6, "the 4th field is the raw selector count");
    }

    #[test]
    fn get_specificity_orders_ids_above_classes_above_types() {
        let id = get_specificity(&CssPath::new(vec![CssPathSelector::Id("x".to_string().into())]));
        let class = get_specificity(&CssPath::new(vec![CssPathSelector::Class(
            "x".to_string().into(),
        )]));
        let ty = get_specificity(&CssPath::new(vec![CssPathSelector::Type(NodeTypeTag::Div)]));
        let star = get_specificity(&CssPath::new(vec![CssPathSelector::Global]));
        assert!(star < ty, "* must be the weakest");
        assert!(ty < class);
        assert!(class < id);
    }

    #[test]
    fn get_specificity_on_a_huge_path_does_not_overflow_or_hang() {
        let sels: Vec<CssPathSelector> = (0..50_000)
            .map(|i| CssPathSelector::Id(format!("i{i}").into()))
            .collect();
        let path = CssPath::new(sels);
        assert_eq!(get_specificity(&path), (50_000, 0, 0, 50_000));
    }

    // =====================================================================
    // Parsers (feature = "parser")
    // =====================================================================

    #[cfg(feature = "parser")]
    fn parse(s: &str) -> Css {
        Css::from_string(s.to_string().into())
    }

    #[cfg(feature = "parser")]
    #[test]
    fn viewport_breakpoints_harvests_media_bounds() {
        let css = Css::from_string(
            "@media (max-width: 400px) { .a { width: 10px; } }\n\
             @media (min-width: 800px) { .b { width: 10px; } }\n\
             @media (max-height: 300px) { .c { width: 10px; } }\n\
             .d { width: 10px; }"
                .into(),
        );
        let (w, h) = css.viewport_breakpoints();
        assert_eq!(w, vec![400.0, 800.0]);
        assert_eq!(h, vec![300.0]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn from_string_on_empty_and_whitespace_only_input_yields_no_rules() {
        for input in ["", " ", "   ", "\t\n\r\n ", "\u{FEFF}", "\u{00A0}"] {
            let css = parse(input);
            assert!(
                css.is_empty(),
                "{input:?} must produce zero rules, got {}",
                css.rules.as_ref().len()
            );
        }
    }

    #[cfg(feature = "parser")]
    #[test]
    fn from_string_on_garbage_never_panics_and_is_deterministic() {
        let garbage = [
            "}}}}",
            "{{{{",
            "@@@@",
            ";;;;",
            "\u{0}\u{1}\u{2}",
            "div {",
            "div }",
            "} div {",
            "div { color",
            "div { color: }",
            "div { : red; }",
            "* * * * *",
            ":::::",
            "[[[[",
            "/* unterminated comment",
            "@media {",
            "url(",
            "\"unterminated",
            "div{color:red;}}}}",
        ];
        for input in garbage {
            let a = parse(input);
            let b = parse(input);
            assert_eq!(a, b, "parsing {input:?} must be deterministic");
        }
    }

    #[cfg(feature = "parser")]
    #[test]
    fn from_string_valid_minimal_produces_one_author_rule() {
        let css = parse("div { width: 200px; }");
        assert_eq!(css.rules.as_ref().len(), 1);
        let rule = &css.rules.as_ref()[0];
        assert_eq!(
            rule.priority,
            rule_priority::AUTHOR,
            "parser output belongs to the author layer"
        );
        assert_eq!(
            rule.path.selectors.as_ref(),
            &[CssPathSelector::Type(NodeTypeTag::Div)][..]
        );
        let props: Vec<CssPropertyType> = css
            .iter_inline_properties()
            .map(|(p, _)| p.get_type())
            .collect();
        assert_eq!(props, vec![CssPropertyType::Width]);
    }

    #[cfg(feature = "parser")]
    #[test]
    fn from_string_handles_leading_and_trailing_junk_deterministically() {
        // Surrounding whitespace must be irrelevant.
        assert_eq!(parse("  div { width: 1px; }  "), parse("div { width: 1px; }"));
        // Trailing garbage must not eat the valid rule that precedes it.
        let with_junk = parse("div { width: 1px; } @@@ garbage");
        assert!(
            with_junk.rules().any(|r| r.path.selectors.as_ref()
                == &[CssPathSelector::Type(NodeTypeTag::Div)][..]),
            "the leading valid rule must survive trailing junk"
        );
    }

    #[cfg(feature = "parser")]
    #[test]
    fn from_string_on_boundary_numbers_does_not_panic() {
        let inputs = [
            "div { width: 0px; }",
            "div { width: -0px; }",
            "div { width: -1px; }",
            "div { width: 9223372036854775807px; }",   // i64::MAX
            "div { width: 340282350000000000000000000000000000000px; }", // ~f32::MAX
            "div { width: 1e400px; }",                 // f64 overflow → inf
            "div { width: 1e-400px; }",                // f64 underflow → 0
            "div { width: NaN; }",
            "div { width: inf; }",
            "div { width: -inf; }",
            "div { width: 99999999999999999999999999px; }",
            "div { opacity: 1e309; }",
            "div { z-index: -9223372036854775808; }",  // i64::MIN
            "div { width: .....; }",
            "div { width: --5px; }",
        ];
        for input in inputs {
            let css = parse(input);
            assert!(
                css.rules.as_ref().len() <= 1,
                "{input:?} must not explode into multiple rules"
            );
        }
    }

    #[cfg(feature = "parser")]
    #[test]
    fn from_string_on_unicode_input_does_not_panic() {
        let inputs = [
            "div { content: \"😀\"; }",
            ".😀 { width: 1px; }",
            "#e\u{0301} { width: 1px; }",
            "div { font-family: \"日本語\"; }",
            "div\u{0301} { width: 1px; }",
            "div { width: 1px; } /* 🎉 */",
            "\u{202E}div { width: 1px; }",  // right-to-left override
        ];
        for input in inputs {
            let css = parse(input);
            // The invariant is "no panic + stable output", not any particular rule count.
            assert_eq!(css, parse(input));
        }
    }

    #[cfg(feature = "parser")]
    #[test]
    fn from_string_on_a_one_megabyte_input_terminates() {
        // 100k declarations inside a single rule ≈ 1_000_000 chars.
        let body = "width:1px;".repeat(100_000);
        assert!(body.len() >= 1_000_000);
        let css = parse(&format!("div{{{body}}}"));
        assert_eq!(css.rules.as_ref().len(), 1);
        assert!(!css.rules.as_ref()[0].declarations.as_ref().is_empty());

        // …and a single 100k-char junk token must not hang either.
        let junk = "a".repeat(100_000);
        let _ = parse(&junk);
    }

    #[cfg(feature = "parser")]
    #[test]
    fn from_string_on_deeply_nested_blocks_does_not_stack_overflow() {
        // Run on a dedicated 64 MiB stack: a recursive-descent parser would blow the
        // default 2 MiB test stack and take the whole test binary down with it.
        let depth = 10_000;
        let mut s = String::with_capacity(depth * 8);
        for _ in 0..depth {
            s.push_str("div{");
        }
        s.push_str("width:1px;");
        for _ in 0..depth {
            s.push('}');
        }

        let handle = std::thread::Builder::new()
            .stack_size(64 * 1024 * 1024)
            .spawn(move || Css::from_string(s.into()).rules.as_ref().len())
            .expect("spawning the parser thread must succeed");

        let rule_count = handle
            .join()
            .expect("10_000 nested blocks must not panic or overflow the stack");
        assert!(rule_count <= depth + 1, "rule count must stay bounded by the nesting depth");
    }

    #[cfg(feature = "parser")]
    #[test]
    fn from_string_with_warnings_agrees_with_from_string() {
        for input in [
            "",
            "   ",
            "div { width: 1px; }",
            "div { not-a-property: 1; }",
            "}}} garbage {{{",
            "div { width: NaN; }",
        ] {
            let (css, _warnings) = Css::from_string_with_warnings(input.to_string().into());
            assert_eq!(
                css,
                parse(input),
                "from_string_with_warnings must parse {input:?} identically to from_string"
            );
        }
    }

    #[cfg(feature = "parser")]
    #[test]
    fn from_string_with_warnings_reports_an_unknown_property() {
        let (css, warnings) =
            Css::from_string_with_warnings("div { definitely-not-a-property: 1px; }".to_string().into());
        assert!(
            !warnings.is_empty(),
            "an unknown property must surface as a warning rather than being dropped silently"
        );
        // The unknown property is a RECOVERABLE error: the parse keeps going, so the
        // stylesheet must not be torn down around it.
        assert!(css.rules.as_ref().len() <= 1);
    }

    #[cfg(feature = "parser")]
    #[test]
    fn from_string_with_warnings_on_empty_input_has_no_rules() {
        let (css, warnings) = Css::from_string_with_warnings(String::new().into());
        assert!(css.is_empty());
        assert!(warnings.is_empty());
    }

    #[cfg(feature = "parser")]
    #[test]
    fn parse_inline_marks_every_rule_as_the_inline_layer() {
        let css = Css::parse_inline("width: 200px; color: red;");
        assert!(!css.is_empty());
        for r in css.rules() {
            assert_eq!(
                r.priority,
                rule_priority::INLINE,
                "parse_inline must stamp every rule with the INLINE layer"
            );
        }
        let props: Vec<CssPropertyType> = css
            .iter_inline_properties()
            .map(|(p, _)| p.get_type())
            .collect();
        assert!(props.contains(&CssPropertyType::Width));
        assert!(props.contains(&CssPropertyType::TextColor));
    }

    #[cfg(feature = "parser")]
    #[test]
    fn parse_inline_wraps_bare_declarations_in_a_star_rule() {
        let css = Css::parse_inline("width: 200px;");
        assert_eq!(css.rules.as_ref().len(), 1);
        assert_eq!(
            css.rules.as_ref()[0].path.selectors.as_ref(),
            &[CssPathSelector::Global][..],
            "the wrapper path must be exactly `*` — push_front_scope keys node-only \
             inline semantics off that shape"
        );
    }

    #[cfg(feature = "parser")]
    #[test]
    fn parse_inline_on_empty_and_whitespace_input_does_not_panic() {
        for input in ["", " ", "\t\n", "   \r\n  "] {
            let css = Css::parse_inline(input);
            for r in css.rules() {
                assert_eq!(r.priority, rule_priority::INLINE);
                assert!(
                    r.declarations.as_ref().is_empty(),
                    "an empty inline style must not produce declarations"
                );
            }
        }
    }

    #[cfg(feature = "parser")]
    #[test]
    fn parse_inline_on_garbage_never_panics_and_is_deterministic() {
        for input in [
            "}}}}",
            "{{{{",
            ";;;;",
            ":::",
            "color",
            "color:",
            ": red",
            "\u{0}\u{1}",
            "/* unterminated",
            "@@@",
            "width: 1px",  // no trailing semicolon
        ] {
            assert_eq!(
                Css::parse_inline(input),
                Css::parse_inline(input),
                "parse_inline({input:?}) must be deterministic"
            );
        }
    }

    #[cfg(feature = "parser")]
    #[test]
    fn parse_inline_on_unicode_and_boundary_numbers_does_not_panic() {
        for input in [
            "content: \"😀\"",
            "font-family: \"日本語\"",
            "width: 0px",
            "width: -0px",
            "width: 9223372036854775807px",
            "width: 1e400px",
            "width: NaN",
            "width: inf",
            "opacity: 1e309",
        ] {
            let css = Css::parse_inline(input);
            for r in css.rules() {
                assert_eq!(r.priority, rule_priority::INLINE);
            }
        }
    }

    #[cfg(feature = "parser")]
    #[test]
    fn parse_inline_on_a_one_megabyte_style_terminates() {
        let style = "width:1px;".repeat(100_000);
        assert!(style.len() >= 1_000_000);
        let css = Css::parse_inline(&style);
        assert!(!css.is_empty());
        for r in css.rules() {
            assert_eq!(r.priority, rule_priority::INLINE);
        }
    }

    #[cfg(feature = "parser")]
    #[test]
    fn parse_inline_supports_nested_pseudo_blocks() {
        // Documented feature: `:hover { ... }` works inside an inline style via CSS nesting.
        let css = Css::parse_inline(":hover { color: red; }");
        assert!(!css.is_empty(), "a nested pseudo block must produce a rule");
        for r in css.rules() {
            assert_eq!(r.priority, rule_priority::INLINE);
        }
    }

    #[cfg(feature = "parser")]
    #[test]
    fn parse_inline_must_not_let_a_brace_escape_the_star_wrapper() {
        // parse_inline builds `* {\n<input>\n}`. A `}` inside the input closes that
        // wrapper early, so whatever follows is parsed as a TOP-LEVEL rule with an
        // attacker-chosen selector. An inline style string must never be able to define
        // rules that target other elements — every rule it produces has to stay rooted
        // at the `*` wrapper (push_front_scope also keys node-only scoping off that).
        let css = Css::parse_inline("color: red; } div { background: green;");
        for r in css.rules() {
            let first = r.path.selectors.as_ref().first();
            assert!(
                matches!(first, None | Some(CssPathSelector::Global)),
                "a `}}` in the inline style escaped the `*` wrapper and produced the \
                 free-standing rule `{}` (selector injection)",
                r.path
            );
        }
    }
}