Function strip_path_entry 

pub fn strip_path_entry(
    path: &str,
    target_literal: &str,
    target_expanded: &str,
) -> Option<String>

Remove an entry equal to target_literal (e.g. %LOCALAPPDATA%\AtomCode) or target_expanded (e.g. C:\Users\theo\AppData\Local\AtomCode) from a Windows PATH-style string. Comparison is case-insensitive and ignores trailing slashes. Returns None if no entry matched.