astro_float_num/

ext.rs

//! BigFloat including finite numbers, NaN, and `Inf`.

use crate::defs::SignedWord;
use crate::defs::DEFAULT_P;
use crate::num::BigFloatNumber;
use crate::Consts;
use crate::Error;
use crate::Exponent;
use crate::Radix;
use crate::RoundingMode;
use crate::Sign;
use crate::Word;
use core::num::FpCategory;
use lazy_static::lazy_static;

#[cfg(feature = "std")]
use core::fmt::Write;

#[cfg(not(feature = "std"))]
use alloc::{string::String, vec::Vec};

/// Not a number.
pub const NAN: BigFloat = BigFloat {
    inner: Flavor::NaN(None),
};

/// Positive infinity.
pub const INF_POS: BigFloat = BigFloat {
    inner: Flavor::Inf(Sign::Pos),
};

/// Negative infinity.
pub const INF_NEG: BigFloat = BigFloat {
    inner: Flavor::Inf(Sign::Neg),
};

lazy_static! {

    /// 1
    pub static ref ONE: BigFloat = BigFloat { inner: Flavor::Value(BigFloatNumber::from_word(1, DEFAULT_P).expect("Constant ONE initialized")) };

    /// 2
    pub static ref TWO: BigFloat = BigFloat { inner: Flavor::Value(BigFloatNumber::from_word(2, DEFAULT_P).expect("Constant TWO initialized")) };
}

/// A floating point number of arbitrary precision.
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct BigFloat {
    inner: Flavor,
}

#[derive(Debug)]
enum Flavor {
    Value(BigFloatNumber),
    NaN(Option<Error>),
    Inf(Sign), // signed Inf
}

impl BigFloat {
    /// Returns a new number with value of 0 and precision of `p` bits. Precision is rounded upwards to the word size.
    /// The function returns NaN if the precision `p` is incorrect.
    pub fn new(p: usize) -> Self {
        Self::result_to_ext(BigFloatNumber::new(p), false, true)
    }

    /// Constructs a number with precision `p` from f64 value.
    /// Precision is rounded upwards to the word size.
    /// The function returns NaN if the precision `p` is incorrect.
    pub fn from_f64(f: f64, p: usize) -> Self {
        Self::result_to_ext(BigFloatNumber::from_f64(p, f), false, true)
    }

    /// Constructs not-a-number with an associated error `err`.
    pub fn nan(err: Option<Error>) -> Self {
        BigFloat {
            inner: Flavor::NaN(err),
        }
    }

    /// Constructs a number with precision `p` from f32 value.
    /// Precision is rounded upwards to the word size.
    /// The function returns NaN if the precision `p` is incorrect.
    pub fn from_f32(f: f32, p: usize) -> Self {
        Self::result_to_ext(BigFloatNumber::from_f64(p, f as f64), false, true)
    }

    /// Returns true if `self` is positive infinity.
    pub fn is_inf_pos(&self) -> bool {
        matches!(self.inner, Flavor::Inf(Sign::Pos))
    }

    /// Returns true if `self` is negative infinity.
    pub fn is_inf_neg(&self) -> bool {
        matches!(self.inner, Flavor::Inf(Sign::Neg))
    }

    /// Returns true if `self` is infinite.
    pub fn is_inf(&self) -> bool {
        matches!(self.inner, Flavor::Inf(_))
    }

    /// Return true if `self` is not a number.
    pub fn is_nan(&self) -> bool {
        matches!(self.inner, Flavor::NaN(_))
    }

    /// Return true if `self` is an integer number.
    pub fn is_int(&self) -> bool {
        match &self.inner {
            Flavor::Value(v) => v.is_int(),
            Flavor::NaN(_) => false,
            Flavor::Inf(_) => false,
        }
    }

    /// Returns the associated with NaN error, if any.
    pub fn err(&self) -> Option<Error> {
        match &self.inner {
            Flavor::NaN(Some(e)) => Some(*e),
            _ => None,
        }
    }

    /// Adds `d2` to `self` and returns the result of the operation with precision `p` rounded according to `rm`.
    /// Precision is rounded upwards to the word size.
    /// The function returns NaN if the precision `p` is incorrect.
    pub fn add(&self, d2: &Self, p: usize, rm: RoundingMode) -> Self {
        self.add_op(d2, p, rm, false)
    }

    /// Adds `d2` to `self` and returns the result of the operation.
    /// The resulting precision is equal to the full precision of the result.
    /// This operation can be used to emulate integer addition.
    pub fn add_full_prec(&self, d2: &Self) -> Self {
        self.add_op(d2, 0, RoundingMode::None, true)
    }

    fn add_op(&self, d2: &Self, p: usize, rm: RoundingMode, full_prec: bool) -> Self {
        match &self.inner {
            Flavor::Value(v1) => match &d2.inner {
                Flavor::Value(v2) => Self::result_to_ext(
                    if full_prec { v1.add_full_prec(v2) } else { v1.add(v2, p, rm) },
                    v1.is_zero(),
                    v1.sign() == v2.sign(),
                ),
                Flavor::Inf(s2) => BigFloat {
                    inner: Flavor::Inf(*s2),
                },
                Flavor::NaN(err) => Self::nan(*err),
            },
            Flavor::Inf(s1) => match &d2.inner {
                Flavor::Value(_) => BigFloat {
                    inner: Flavor::Inf(*s1),
                },
                Flavor::Inf(s2) => {
                    if *s1 != *s2 {
                        NAN
                    } else {
                        BigFloat {
                            inner: Flavor::Inf(*s2),
                        }
                    }
                }
                Flavor::NaN(err) => Self::nan(*err),
            },
            Flavor::NaN(err) => Self::nan(*err),
        }
    }

    /// Subtracts `d2` from `self` and returns the result of the operation with precision `p` rounded according to `rm`.
    /// Precision is rounded upwards to the word size.
    /// The function returns NaN if the precision `p` is incorrect.
    pub fn sub(&self, d2: &Self, p: usize, rm: RoundingMode) -> Self {
        self.sub_op(d2, p, rm, false)
    }

    /// Subtracts `d2` from `self` and returns the result of the operation.
    /// The resulting precision is equal to the full precision of the result.
    /// This operation can be used to emulate integer subtraction.
    pub fn sub_full_prec(&self, d2: &Self) -> Self {
        self.sub_op(d2, 0, RoundingMode::None, true)
    }

    fn sub_op(&self, d2: &Self, p: usize, rm: RoundingMode, full_prec: bool) -> Self {
        match &self.inner {
            Flavor::Value(v1) => match &d2.inner {
                Flavor::Value(v2) => Self::result_to_ext(
                    if full_prec { v1.sub_full_prec(v2) } else { v1.sub(v2, p, rm) },
                    v1.is_zero(),
                    v1.sign() == v2.sign(),
                ),
                Flavor::Inf(s2) => {
                    if s2.is_positive() {
                        INF_NEG
                    } else {
                        INF_POS
                    }
                }
                Flavor::NaN(err) => Self::nan(*err),
            },
            Flavor::Inf(s1) => match &d2.inner {
                Flavor::Value(_) => BigFloat {
                    inner: Flavor::Inf(*s1),
                },
                Flavor::Inf(s2) => {
                    if *s1 == *s2 {
                        NAN
                    } else {
                        BigFloat {
                            inner: Flavor::Inf(*s1),
                        }
                    }
                }
                Flavor::NaN(err) => Self::nan(*err),
            },
            Flavor::NaN(err) => Self::nan(*err),
        }
    }

    /// Multiplies `d2` by `self` and returns the result of the operation with precision `p` rounded according to `rm`.
    /// Precision is rounded upwards to the word size.
    /// The function returns NaN if the precision `p` is incorrect.
    pub fn mul(&self, d2: &Self, p: usize, rm: RoundingMode) -> Self {
        self.mul_op(d2, p, rm, false)
    }

    /// Multiplies `d2` by `self` and returns the result of the operation.
    /// The resulting precision is equal to the full precision of the result.
    /// This operation can be used to emulate integer multiplication.
    pub fn mul_full_prec(&self, d2: &Self) -> Self {
        self.mul_op(d2, 0, RoundingMode::None, true)
    }

    fn mul_op(&self, d2: &Self, p: usize, rm: RoundingMode, full_prec: bool) -> Self {
        match &self.inner {
            Flavor::Value(v1) => {
                match &d2.inner {
                    Flavor::Value(v2) => Self::result_to_ext(
                        if full_prec { v1.mul_full_prec(v2) } else { v1.mul(v2, p, rm) },
                        v1.is_zero(),
                        v1.sign() == v2.sign(),
                    ),
                    Flavor::Inf(s2) => {
                        if v1.is_zero() {
                            // 0*inf
                            NAN
                        } else {
                            let s = if v1.sign() == *s2 { Sign::Pos } else { Sign::Neg };
                            BigFloat {
                                inner: Flavor::Inf(s),
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    Flavor::NaN(err) => Self::nan(*err),
                }
            }
            Flavor::Inf(s1) => {
                match &d2.inner {
                    Flavor::Value(v2) => {
                        if v2.is_zero() {
                            // inf*0
                            NAN
                        } else {
                            let s = if v2.sign() == *s1 { Sign::Pos } else { Sign::Neg };
                            BigFloat {
                                inner: Flavor::Inf(s),
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    Flavor::Inf(s2) => {
                        let s = if s1 == s2 { Sign::Pos } else { Sign::Neg };
                        BigFloat {
                            inner: Flavor::Inf(s),
                        }
                    }
                    Flavor::NaN(err) => Self::nan(*err),
                }
            }
            Flavor::NaN(err) => Self::nan(*err),
        }
    }

    /// Divides `self` by `d2` and returns the result of the operation with precision `p` rounded according to `rm`.
    /// Precision is rounded upwards to the word size.
    /// The function returns NaN if the precision `p` is incorrect.
    pub fn div(&self, d2: &Self, p: usize, rm: RoundingMode) -> Self {
        match &self.inner {
            Flavor::Value(v1) => match &d2.inner {
                Flavor::Value(v2) => {
                    Self::result_to_ext(v1.div(v2, p, rm), v1.is_zero(), v1.sign() == v2.sign())
                }
                Flavor::Inf(_) => Self::new(v1.mantissa_max_bit_len()),
                Flavor::NaN(err) => Self::nan(*err),
            },
            Flavor::Inf(s1) => match &d2.inner {
                Flavor::Value(v) => {
                    if *s1 == v.sign() {
                        INF_POS
                    } else {
                        INF_NEG
                    }
                }
                Flavor::Inf(_) => NAN,
                Flavor::NaN(err) => Self::nan(*err),
            },
            Flavor::NaN(err) => Self::nan(*err),
        }
    }

    /// Returns the remainder of division of `|self|` by `|d2|`. The sign of the result is set to the sign of `self`.
    pub fn rem(&self, d2: &Self) -> Self {
        match &self.inner {
            Flavor::Value(v1) => match &d2.inner {
                Flavor::Value(v2) => {
                    Self::result_to_ext(v1.rem(v2), v1.is_zero(), v1.sign() == v2.sign())
                }
                Flavor::Inf(_) => self.clone(),
                Flavor::NaN(err) => Self::nan(*err),
            },
            Flavor::Inf(_) => NAN,
            Flavor::NaN(err) => Self::nan(*err),
        }
    }

    /// Compares `self` to `d2`.
    /// Returns positive if `self` > `d2`, negative if `self` < `d2`, zero if `self` == `d2`, None if `self` or `d2` is NaN.
    #[allow(clippy::should_implement_trait)]
    pub fn cmp(&self, d2: &BigFloat) -> Option<SignedWord> {
        match &self.inner {
            Flavor::Value(v1) => match &d2.inner {
                Flavor::Value(v2) => Some(v1.cmp(v2)),
                Flavor::Inf(s2) => {
                    if *s2 == Sign::Pos {
                        Some(-1)
                    } else {
                        Some(1)
                    }
                }
                Flavor::NaN(_) => None,
            },
            Flavor::Inf(s1) => match &d2.inner {
                Flavor::Value(_) => Some(*s1 as SignedWord),
                Flavor::Inf(s2) => Some(*s1 as SignedWord - *s2 as SignedWord),
                Flavor::NaN(_) => None,
            },
            Flavor::NaN(_) => None,
        }
    }

    /// Compares the absolute value of `self` to the absolute value of `d2`.
    /// Returns positive if `|self|` is greater than `|d2|`, negative if `|self|` is smaller than `|d2|`, 0 if `|self|` equals to `|d2|`, None if `self` or `d2` is NaN.
    pub fn abs_cmp(&self, d2: &Self) -> Option<SignedWord> {
        match &self.inner {
            Flavor::Value(v1) => match &d2.inner {
                Flavor::Value(v2) => Some(v1.cmp(v2)),
                Flavor::Inf(_) => Some(-1),
                Flavor::NaN(_) => None,
            },
            Flavor::Inf(_) => match &d2.inner {
                Flavor::Value(_) => Some(1),
                Flavor::Inf(_) => Some(0),
                Flavor::NaN(_) => None,
            },
            Flavor::NaN(_) => None,
        }
    }

    /// Reverses the sign of `self`.
    pub fn inv_sign(&mut self) {
        match &mut self.inner {
            Flavor::Value(v1) => v1.inv_sign(),
            Flavor::Inf(s) => self.inner = Flavor::Inf(s.invert()),
            Flavor::NaN(_) => {}
        }
    }

    /// Compute the power of `self` to the `n` with precision `p`. The result is rounded using the rounding mode `rm`.
    /// This function requires constants cache `cc` for computing the result.
    /// Precision is rounded upwards to the word size.
    /// The function returns NaN if the precision `p` is incorrect.
    pub fn pow(&self, n: &Self, p: usize, rm: RoundingMode, cc: &mut Consts) -> Self {
        match &self.inner {
            Flavor::Value(v1) => {
                match &n.inner {
                    Flavor::Value(v2) => Self::result_to_ext(
                        v1.pow(v2, p, rm, cc),
                        v1.is_zero(),
                        v1.sign() == v2.sign(),
                    ),
                    Flavor::Inf(s2) => {
                        // v1^inf
                        let val = v1.cmp(&crate::common::consts::ONE);
                        if val > 0 {
                            BigFloat {
                                inner: Flavor::Inf(*s2),
                            }
                        } else if val < 0 {
                            Self::new(p)
                        } else {
                            Self::from_u8(1, p)
                        }
                    }
                    Flavor::NaN(err) => Self::nan(*err),
                }
            }
            Flavor::Inf(s1) => {
                match &n.inner {
                    Flavor::Value(v2) => {
                        // inf ^ v2
                        if v2.is_zero() {
                            Self::from_u8(1, p)
                        } else if v2.is_positive() {
                            if s1.is_negative() && v2.is_odd_int() {
                                // v2 is odd and has no fractional part.
                                INF_NEG
                            } else {
                                INF_POS
                            }
                        } else {
                            Self::new(p)
                        }
                    }
                    Flavor::Inf(s2) => {
                        // inf^inf
                        if s2.is_positive() {
                            INF_POS
                        } else {
                            Self::new(p)
                        }
                    }
                    Flavor::NaN(err) => Self::nan(*err),
                }
            }
            Flavor::NaN(err) => Self::nan(*err),
        }
    }

    /// Compute the power of `self` to the integer `n` with precision `p`. The result is rounded using the rounding mode `rm`.
    /// Precision is rounded upwards to the word size.
    /// The function returns NaN if the precision `p` is incorrect.
    pub fn powi(&self, n: usize, p: usize, rm: RoundingMode) -> Self {
        match &self.inner {
            Flavor::Value(v1) => Self::result_to_ext(v1.powi(n, p, rm), false, true),
            Flavor::Inf(s1) => {
                // inf ^ v2
                if n == 0 {
                    Self::from_u8(1, p)
                } else if s1.is_negative() && (n & 1 == 1) {
                    INF_NEG
                } else {
                    INF_POS
                }
            }
            Flavor::NaN(err) => Self::nan(*err),
        }
    }

    /// Computes the logarithm base `n` of a number with precision `p`. The result is rounded using the rounding mode `rm`.
    /// This function requires constants cache `cc` for computing the result.
    /// Precision is rounded upwards to the word size.
    /// The function returns NaN if the precision `p` is incorrect.
    pub fn log(&self, n: &Self, p: usize, rm: RoundingMode, cc: &mut Consts) -> Self {
        match &self.inner {
            Flavor::Value(v1) => {
                match &n.inner {
                    Flavor::Value(v2) => {
                        if v2.is_zero() {
                            return INF_NEG;
                        }
                        Self::result_to_ext(v1.log(v2, p, rm, cc), false, true)
                    }
                    Flavor::Inf(s2) => {
                        // v1.log(inf)
                        if s2.is_positive() {
                            Self::new(p)
                        } else {
                            NAN
                        }
                    }
                    Flavor::NaN(err) => Self::nan(*err),
                }
            }
            Flavor::Inf(s1) => {
                if *s1 == Sign::Neg {
                    // -inf.log(any)
                    NAN
                } else {
                    match &n.inner {
                        Flavor::Value(v2) => {
                            // +inf.log(v2)
                            if v2.exponent() <= 0 {
                                INF_NEG
                            } else {
                                INF_POS
                            }
                        }
                        Flavor::Inf(_) => NAN, // +inf.log(inf)
                        Flavor::NaN(err) => Self::nan(*err),
                    }
                }
            }
            Flavor::NaN(err) => Self::nan(*err),
        }
    }

    /// Returns true if `self` is positive.
    /// The function returns false if `self` is NaN.
    pub fn is_positive(&self) -> bool {
        match &self.inner {
            Flavor::Value(v) => v.is_positive(),
            Flavor::Inf(s) => *s == Sign::Pos,
            Flavor::NaN(_) => false,
        }
    }

    /// Returns true if `self` is negative.
    /// The function returns false if `self` is NaN.
    pub fn is_negative(&self) -> bool {
        match &self.inner {
            Flavor::Value(v) => v.is_negative(),
            Flavor::Inf(s) => *s == Sign::Neg,
            Flavor::NaN(_) => false,
        }
    }

    /// Returns true if `self` is subnormal. A number is subnormal if the most significant bit of the mantissa is not equal to 1.
    pub fn is_subnormal(&self) -> bool {
        if let Flavor::Value(v) = &self.inner {
            return v.is_subnormal();
        }
        false
    }

    /// Returns true if `self` is zero.
    pub fn is_zero(&self) -> bool {
        match &self.inner {
            Flavor::Value(v) => v.is_zero(),
            Flavor::Inf(_) => false,
            Flavor::NaN(_) => false,
        }
    }

    /// Restricts the value of `self` to an interval determined by the values of `min` and `max`.
    /// The function returns `max` if `self` is greater than `max`, `min` if `self` is less than `min`, and `self` otherwise.
    /// If either argument is NaN or `min` is greater than `max`, the function returns NaN.
    pub fn clamp(&self, min: &Self, max: &Self) -> Self {
        if self.is_nan() || min.is_nan() || max.is_nan() || max.cmp(min).unwrap() < 0 {
            // call to unwrap() is unreacheable
            NAN
        } else if self.cmp(min).unwrap() < 0 {
            // call to unwrap() is unreacheable
            min.clone()
        } else if self.cmp(max).unwrap() > 0 {
            // call to unwrap() is unreacheable
            max.clone()
        } else {
            self.clone()
        }
    }

    /// Returns the value of `d1` if `d1` is greater than `self`, or the value of `self` otherwise.
    /// If either argument is NaN, the function returns NaN.
    pub fn max(&self, d1: &Self) -> Self {
        if self.is_nan() || d1.is_nan() {
            NAN
        } else if self.cmp(d1).unwrap() < 0 {
            // call to unwrap() is unreacheable
            d1.clone()
        } else {
            self.clone()
        }
    }

    /// Returns value of `d1` if `d1` is less than `self`, or the value of `self` otherwise.
    /// If either argument is NaN, the function returns NaN.
    pub fn min(&self, d1: &Self) -> Self {
        if self.is_nan() || d1.is_nan() {
            NAN
        } else if self.cmp(d1).unwrap() > 0 {
            // call to unwrap() is unreacheable
            d1.clone()
        } else {
            self.clone()
        }
    }

    /// Returns a BigFloat with the value -1 if `self` is negative, 1 if `self` is positive, zero otherwise.
    /// The function returns NaN If `self` is NaN.
    pub fn signum(&self) -> Self {
        if self.is_nan() {
            NAN
        } else if self.is_negative() {
            let mut ret = Self::from_u8(1, DEFAULT_P);
            ret.inv_sign();
            ret
        } else {
            Self::from_u8(1, DEFAULT_P)
        }
    }

    /// Parses a number from the string `s`.
    /// The function expects `s` to be a number in scientific format in radix `rdx`, or +-Inf, or NaN.
    /// if `p` equals to usize::MAX then the precision of the resulting number is determined automatically from the input.
    ///
    /// ## Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # use astro_float_num::BigFloat;
    /// # use astro_float_num::Radix;
    /// # use astro_float_num::RoundingMode;
    /// # use astro_float_num::Consts;
    /// let mut cc = Consts::new().expect("Constants cache initialized.");
    ///
    /// let n = BigFloat::parse("0.0", Radix::Bin, 64, RoundingMode::ToEven, &mut cc);
    /// assert!(n.is_zero());
    ///
    /// let n = BigFloat::parse("1.124e-24", Radix::Dec, 128, RoundingMode::ToEven, &mut cc);
    /// assert!(n.sub(&BigFloat::from_f64(1.124e-24, 128), 128, RoundingMode::ToEven).exponent() <= Some(-52 - 24));
    ///
    /// let n = BigFloat::parse("-Inf", Radix::Hex, 1, RoundingMode::None, &mut cc);
    /// assert!(n.is_inf_neg());
    ///
    /// let n = BigFloat::parse("NaN", Radix::Oct, 2, RoundingMode::None, &mut cc);
    /// assert!(n.is_nan());
    /// ```
    pub fn parse(s: &str, rdx: Radix, p: usize, rm: RoundingMode, cc: &mut Consts) -> Self {
        match crate::parser::parse(s, rdx) {
            Ok(ps) => {
                if ps.is_inf() {
                    if ps.sign() == Sign::Pos {
                        INF_POS
                    } else {
                        INF_NEG
                    }
                } else if ps.is_nan() {
                    NAN
                } else {
                    let (m, s, e) = ps.raw_parts();
                    Self::result_to_ext(
                        BigFloatNumber::convert_from_radix(s, m, e, rdx, p, rm, cc),
                        false,
                        true,
                    )
                }
            }
            Err(e) => Self::nan(Some(e)),
        }
    }

    #[cfg(feature = "std")]
    pub(crate) fn write_str<T: Write>(
        &self,
        w: &mut T,
        rdx: Radix,
        rm: RoundingMode,
        cc: &mut Consts,
    ) -> Result<(), core::fmt::Error> {
        match &self.inner {
            Flavor::Value(v) => match v.format(rdx, rm, cc) {
                Ok(s) => w.write_str(&s),
                Err(e) => match e {
                    Error::ExponentOverflow(s) => {
                        if s.is_positive() {
                            w.write_str("Inf")
                        } else {
                            w.write_str("-Inf")
                        }
                    }
                    _ => w.write_str("Err"),
                },
            },
            Flavor::Inf(sign) => {
                let s = if sign.is_negative() { "-Inf" } else { "Inf" };
                w.write_str(s)
            }
            crate::ext::Flavor::NaN(_) => w.write_str("NaN"),
        }
    }

    /// Formats the number using radix `rdx` and rounding mode `rm`.
    /// Note, since hexadecimal digits include the character "e", the exponent part is separated
    /// from the mantissa by "_".
    /// For example, a number with mantissa `123abcdef` and exponent `123` would be formatted as `123abcdef_e+123`.
    ///
    /// ## Errors
    ///
    ///  - MemoryAllocation: failed to allocate memory for mantissa.
    ///  - ExponentOverflow: the resulting exponent becomes greater than the maximum allowed value for the exponent.
    pub fn format(&self, rdx: Radix, rm: RoundingMode, cc: &mut Consts) -> Result<String, Error> {
        let s = match &self.inner {
            Flavor::Value(v) => match v.format(rdx, rm, cc) {
                Ok(s) => return Ok(s),
                Err(e) => match e {
                    Error::ExponentOverflow(s) => {
                        if s.is_positive() {
                            "Inf"
                        } else {
                            "-Inf"
                        }
                    }
                    _ => "Err",
                },
            },
            Flavor::Inf(sign) => {
                if sign.is_negative() {
                    "-Inf"
                } else {
                    "Inf"
                }
            }
            crate::ext::Flavor::NaN(_) => "NaN",
        };

        let mut ret = String::new();
        ret.try_reserve_exact(s.len())?;
        ret.push_str(s);

        Ok(ret)
    }

    /// Returns a random normalized (not subnormal) BigFloat number with exponent in the range
    /// from `exp_from` to `exp_to` inclusive. The sign can be positive and negative. Zero is excluded.
    /// Precision is rounded upwards to the word size.
    /// Function does not follow any specific distribution law.
    /// The intended use of this function is for testing.
    /// The function returns NaN if the precision `p` is incorrect or when `exp_from` is less than EXPONENT_MIN or `exp_to` is greater than EXPONENT_MAX.
    #[cfg(feature = "random")]
    pub fn random_normal(p: usize, exp_from: Exponent, exp_to: Exponent) -> Self {
        Self::result_to_ext(
            BigFloatNumber::random_normal(p, exp_from, exp_to),
            false,
            true,
        )
    }

    /// Returns category of `self`.
    pub fn classify(&self) -> FpCategory {
        match &self.inner {
            Flavor::Value(v) => {
                if v.is_subnormal() {
                    FpCategory::Subnormal
                } else if v.is_zero() {
                    FpCategory::Zero
                } else {
                    FpCategory::Normal
                }
            }
            Flavor::Inf(_) => FpCategory::Infinite,
            Flavor::NaN(_) => FpCategory::Nan,
        }
    }

    /// Computes the arctangent of a number with precision `p`. The result is rounded using the rounding mode `rm`.
    /// This function requires constants cache `cc` for computing the result.
    /// Precision is rounded upwards to the word size.
    /// The function returns NaN if the precision `p` is incorrect.
    pub fn atan(&self, p: usize, rm: RoundingMode, cc: &mut Consts) -> Self {
        match &self.inner {
            Flavor::Value(v) => Self::result_to_ext(v.atan(p, rm, cc), v.is_zero(), true),
            Flavor::Inf(s) => Self::result_to_ext(Self::half_pi(*s, p, rm, cc), false, true),
            Flavor::NaN(err) => Self::nan(*err),
        }
    }

    /// Computes the hyperbolic tangent of a number with precision `p`. The result is rounded using the rounding mode `rm`.
    /// This function requires constants cache `cc` for computing the result.
    /// Precision is rounded upwards to the word size.
    /// The function returns NaN if the precision `p` is incorrect.
    pub fn tanh(&self, p: usize, rm: RoundingMode, cc: &mut Consts) -> Self {
        match &self.inner {
            Flavor::Value(v) => Self::result_to_ext(v.tanh(p, rm, cc), v.is_zero(), true),
            Flavor::Inf(s) => Self::from_i8(s.to_int(), p),
            Flavor::NaN(err) => Self::nan(*err),
        }
    }

    fn half_pi(
        s: Sign,
        p: usize,
        rm: RoundingMode,
        cc: &mut Consts,
    ) -> Result<BigFloatNumber, Error> {
        let mut half_pi = cc.pi_num(p, rm)?;

        half_pi.set_exponent(1);
        half_pi.set_sign(s);

        Ok(half_pi)
    }

    fn result_to_ext(
        res: Result<BigFloatNumber, Error>,
        is_dividend_zero: bool,
        is_same_sign: bool,
    ) -> BigFloat {
        match res {
            Err(e) => match e {
                Error::ExponentOverflow(s) => {
                    if s.is_positive() {
                        INF_POS
                    } else {
                        INF_NEG
                    }
                }
                Error::DivisionByZero => {
                    if is_dividend_zero {
                        NAN
                    } else if is_same_sign {
                        INF_POS
                    } else {
                        INF_NEG
                    }
                }
                Error::MemoryAllocation => Self::nan(Some(Error::MemoryAllocation)),
                Error::InvalidArgument => Self::nan(Some(Error::InvalidArgument)),
            },
            Ok(v) => BigFloat {
                inner: Flavor::Value(v),
            },
        }
    }

    /// Returns the exponent of `self`, or None if `self` is Inf or NaN.
    pub fn exponent(&self) -> Option<Exponent> {
        match &self.inner {
            Flavor::Value(v) => Some(v.exponent()),
            _ => None,
        }
    }

    /// Returns the number of significant bits used in the mantissa, or None if `self` is Inf or NaN.
    /// Normal numbers use all bits of the mantissa.
    /// Subnormal numbers use fewer bits than the mantissa can hold.
    pub fn precision(&self) -> Option<usize> {
        match &self.inner {
            Flavor::Value(v) => Some(v.precision()),
            _ => None,
        }
    }

    /// Returns the maximum value for the specified precision `p`: all bits of the mantissa are set to 1,
    /// the exponent has the maximum possible value, and the sign is positive.
    /// Precision is rounded upwards to the word size.
    /// The function returns NaN if the precision `p` is incorrect.
    pub fn max_value(p: usize) -> Self {
        Self::result_to_ext(BigFloatNumber::max_value(p), false, true)
    }

    /// Returns the minimum value for the specified precision `p`: all bits of the mantissa are set to 1, the exponent has the maximum possible value, and the sign is negative. Precision is rounded upwards to the word size.
    /// The function returns NaN if the precision `p` is incorrect.
    pub fn min_value(p: usize) -> Self {
        Self::result_to_ext(BigFloatNumber::min_value(p), false, true)
    }

    /// Returns the minimum positive subnormal value for the specified precision `p`:
    /// only the least significant bit of the mantissa is set to 1, the exponent has
    /// the minimum possible value, and the sign is positive.
    /// Precision is rounded upwards to the word size.
    /// The function returns NaN if the precision `p` is incorrect.
    pub fn min_positive(p: usize) -> Self {
        Self::result_to_ext(BigFloatNumber::min_positive(p), false, true)
    }

    /// Returns the minimum positive normal value for the specified precision `p`:
    /// only the most significant bit of the mantissa is set to 1, the exponent has
    /// the minimum possible value, and the sign is positive.
    /// Precision is rounded upwards to the word size.
    /// The function returns NaN if the precision `p` is incorrect.
    pub fn min_positive_normal(p: usize) -> Self {
        Self::result_to_ext(BigFloatNumber::min_positive_normal(p), false, true)
    }

    /// Returns a new number with value `d` and the precision `p`. Precision is rounded upwards to the word size.
    /// The function returns NaN if the precision `p` is incorrect.
    pub fn from_word(d: Word, p: usize) -> Self {
        Self::result_to_ext(BigFloatNumber::from_word(d, p), false, true)
    }

    /// Returns a copy of the number with the sign reversed.
    pub fn neg(&self) -> Self {
        let mut ret = self.clone();
        ret.inv_sign();
        ret
    }

    /// Decomposes `self` into raw parts.
    /// The function returns a reference to a slice of words representing mantissa,
    /// numbers of significant bits in the mantissa, sign, exponent,
    /// and a bool value which specify whether the number is inexact.
    pub fn as_raw_parts(&self) -> Option<(&[Word], usize, Sign, Exponent, bool)> {
        if let Flavor::Value(v) = &self.inner {
            Some(v.as_raw_parts())
        } else {
            None
        }
    }

    /// Constructs a number from the raw parts:
    ///
    ///  - `m` is the mantisaa.
    ///  - `n` is the number of significant bits in mantissa.
    ///  - `s` is the sign.
    ///  - `e` is the exponent.
    ///  - `inexact` specify whether number is inexact.
    ///
    /// This function returns NaN in the following situations:
    ///
    /// - `n` is larger than the number of bits in `m`.
    /// - `n` is smaller than the number of bits in `m`, but `m` does not represent corresponding subnormal number mantissa.
    /// - `n` is smaller than the number of bits in `m`, but `e` is not the minimum possible exponent.
    /// - `n` or the size of `m` is too large (larger than isize::MAX / 2 + EXPONENT_MIN).
    /// - `e` is less than EXPONENT_MIN or greater than EXPONENT_MAX.
    pub fn from_raw_parts(m: &[Word], n: usize, s: Sign, e: Exponent, inexact: bool) -> Self {
        Self::result_to_ext(
            BigFloatNumber::from_raw_parts(m, n, s, e, inexact),
            false,
            true,
        )
    }

    /// Constructs a number from the slice of words:
    ///
    ///  - `m` is the mantissa.
    ///  - `s` is the sign.
    ///  - `e` is the exponent.
    ///
    /// The function returns NaN if `e` is less than EXPONENT_MIN or greater than EXPONENT_MAX.
    pub fn from_words(m: &[Word], s: Sign, e: Exponent) -> Self {
        Self::result_to_ext(BigFloatNumber::from_words(m, s, e), false, true)
    }

    /// Returns the sign of `self`, or None if `self` is NaN.
    pub fn sign(&self) -> Option<Sign> {
        match &self.inner {
            Flavor::Value(v) => Some(v.sign()),
            Flavor::Inf(s) => Some(*s),
            Flavor::NaN(_) => None,
        }
    }

    /// Sets the exponent of `self`.
    /// Note that if `self` is subnormal, the exponent may not change, but the mantissa will shift instead.
    /// `e` will be clamped to the range from EXPONENT_MIN to EXPONENT_MAX if it's outside of the range.
    /// See example below.
    ///
    /// ## Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # use astro_float_num::BigFloat;
    /// # use astro_float_num::EXPONENT_MIN;
    /// // construct a subnormal value.
    /// let mut n = BigFloat::min_positive(128);
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(n.exponent(), Some(EXPONENT_MIN));
    /// assert_eq!(n.precision(), Some(1));
    ///
    /// // increase exponent.
    /// let n_exp = n.exponent().expect("n is not NaN");
    /// n.set_exponent(n_exp + 1);
    ///
    /// // the outcome for subnormal number.
    /// assert_eq!(n.exponent(), Some(EXPONENT_MIN));
    /// assert_eq!(n.precision(), Some(2));
    /// ```
    pub fn set_exponent(&mut self, e: Exponent) {
        if let Flavor::Value(v) = &mut self.inner {
            v.set_exponent(e)
        }
    }

    /// Returns the maximum mantissa length of `self` in bits regardless of whether `self` is normal or subnormal.
    pub fn mantissa_max_bit_len(&self) -> Option<usize> {
        if let Flavor::Value(v) = &self.inner {
            Some(v.mantissa_max_bit_len())
        } else {
            None
        }
    }

    /// Sets the precision of `self` to `p`.
    /// If the new precision is smaller than the existing one, the number is rounded using specified rounding mode `rm`.
    ///
    /// ## Errors
    ///
    ///  - MemoryAllocation: failed to allocate memory for mantissa.
    ///  - InvalidArgument: the precision is incorrect.
    pub fn set_precision(&mut self, p: usize, rm: RoundingMode) -> Result<(), Error> {
        if let Flavor::Value(v) = &mut self.inner {
            v.set_precision(p, rm)
        } else {
            Ok(())
        }
    }

    /// Computes the reciprocal of a number with precision `p`.
    /// The result is rounded using the rounding mode `rm`.
    /// Precision is rounded upwards to the word size.
    /// The function returns NaN if the precision `p` is incorrect.
    pub fn reciprocal(&self, p: usize, rm: RoundingMode) -> Self {
        match &self.inner {
            Flavor::Value(v) => Self::result_to_ext(v.reciprocal(p, rm), false, v.is_positive()),
            Flavor::Inf(s) => {
                let mut ret = Self::new(p);
                ret.set_sign(*s);
                ret
            }
            Flavor::NaN(err) => Self::nan(*err),
        }
    }

    /// Sets the sign of `self`.
    pub fn set_sign(&mut self, s: Sign) {
        match &mut self.inner {
            Flavor::Value(v) => v.set_sign(s),
            Flavor::Inf(_) => self.inner = Flavor::Inf(s),
            Flavor::NaN(_) => {}
        };
    }

    /// Returns the raw mantissa words of a number.
    pub fn mantissa_digits(&self) -> Option<&[Word]> {
        if let Flavor::Value(v) = &self.inner {
            Some(v.mantissa().digits())
        } else {
            None
        }
    }

    /// Converts an array of digits in radix `rdx` to BigFloat with precision `p`.
    /// `digits` represents mantissa and is interpreted as a number smaller than 1 and greater or equal to 1/`rdx`.
    /// The first element in `digits` is the most significant digit.
    /// `e` is the exponent part of the number, such that the number can be represented as `digits` * `rdx` ^ `e`.
    /// Precision is rounded upwards to the word size.
    /// if `p` equals usize::MAX then the precision of the resulting number is determined automatically from the input.
    ///
    /// ## Examples
    ///
    /// Code below converts `-0.1234567₈ × 10₈^3₈` given in radix 8 to BigFloat.
    ///
    /// ``` rust
    /// # use astro_float_num::{BigFloat, Sign, RoundingMode, Radix, Consts};
    /// let mut cc = Consts::new().expect("Constants cache initialized.");
    ///
    /// let g = BigFloat::convert_from_radix(
    ///     Sign::Neg,
    ///     &[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 0],
    ///     3,
    ///     Radix::Oct,
    ///     64,
    ///     RoundingMode::None,
    ///     &mut cc);
    ///
    /// let n = BigFloat::from_f64(-83.591552734375, 64);
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(n.cmp(&g), Some(0));
    /// ```
    ///
    /// ## Errors
    ///
    /// On error, the function returns NaN with the following associated error:
    ///
    ///  - MemoryAllocation: failed to allocate memory for mantissa.
    ///  - ExponentOverflow: the resulting exponent becomes greater than the maximum allowed value for the exponent.
    ///  - InvalidArgument: the precision is incorrect, or `digits` contains unacceptable digits for given radix,
    /// or when `e` is less than EXPONENT_MIN or greater than EXPONENT_MAX.
    pub fn convert_from_radix(
        sign: Sign,
        digits: &[u8],
        e: Exponent,
        rdx: Radix,
        p: usize,
        rm: RoundingMode,
        cc: &mut Consts,
    ) -> Self {
        Self::result_to_ext(
            BigFloatNumber::convert_from_radix(sign, digits, e, rdx, p, rm, cc),
            false,
            true,
        )
    }

    /// Converts `self` to radix `rdx` using rounding mode `rm`.
    /// The function returns sign, mantissa digits in radix `rdx`, and exponent such that the converted number
    /// can be represented as `mantissa digits` * `rdx` ^ `exponent`.
    /// The first element in the mantissa is the most significant digit.
    ///
    /// ## Examples
    ///
    /// ``` rust
    /// # use astro_float_num::{BigFloat, Sign, RoundingMode, Radix, Consts};
    /// let n = BigFloat::from_f64(0.00012345678f64, 64);
    ///
    /// let mut cc = Consts::new().expect("Constants cache initialized.");
    ///
    /// let (s, m, e) = n.convert_to_radix(Radix::Dec, RoundingMode::None, &mut cc).expect("Conversion failed");
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(s, Sign::Pos);
    /// assert_eq!(m, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 5, 4]);
    /// assert_eq!(e, -3);
    /// ```
    ///
    /// ## Errors
    ///
    ///  - MemoryAllocation: failed to allocate memory for mantissa.
    ///  - ExponentOverflow: the resulting exponent becomes greater than the maximum allowed value for the exponent.
    ///  - InvalidArgument: `self` is Inf or NaN.
    pub fn convert_to_radix(
        &self,
        rdx: Radix,
        rm: RoundingMode,
        cc: &mut Consts,
    ) -> Result<(Sign, Vec<u8>, Exponent), Error> {
        match &self.inner {
            Flavor::Value(v) => v.convert_to_radix(rdx, rm, cc),
            Flavor::NaN(_) => Err(Error::InvalidArgument),
            Flavor::Inf(_) => Err(Error::InvalidArgument),
        }
    }

    /// Returns true if `self` is inexact. The function returns false if `self` is Inf or NaN.
    pub fn inexact(&self) -> bool {
        if let Flavor::Value(v) = &self.inner {
            v.inexact()
        } else {
            false
        }
    }

    /// Marks `self` as inexact if `inexact` is true, or exact otherwise.
    /// The function has no effect if `self` is Inf or NaN.
    pub fn set_inexact(&mut self, inexact: bool) {
        if let Flavor::Value(v) = &mut self.inner {
            v.set_inexact(inexact);
        }
    }

    /// Try to round and then set the precision to `p`, given `self` has `s` correct digits in mantissa.
    /// The function returns true if rounding succeeded, or if `self` is Inf or NaN.
    /// If the fuction returns `false`, `self` is still modified, and should be discarded.
    /// In case of an error, `self` will be set to NaN with an associated error.
    /// If the precision `p` is incorrect `self` will be set to NaN.
    pub fn try_set_precision(&mut self, p: usize, rm: RoundingMode, s: usize) -> bool {
        if let Flavor::Value(v) = &mut self.inner {
            v.try_set_precision(p, rm, s).unwrap_or_else(|e| {
                self.inner = Flavor::NaN(Some(e));
                true
            })
        } else {
            true
        }
    }
}

impl Clone for BigFloat {
    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
        match &self.inner {
            Flavor::Value(v) => Self::result_to_ext(v.clone(), false, true),
            Flavor::Inf(s) => {
                if s.is_positive() {
                    INF_POS
                } else {
                    INF_NEG
                }
            }
            Flavor::NaN(err) => Self::nan(*err),
        }
    }
}

macro_rules! gen_wrapper_arg {
    // function requires self as argument
    ($comment:literal, $fname:ident, $ret:ty, $pos_inf:block, $neg_inf:block, $($arg:ident, $arg_type:ty),*) => {
        #[doc=$comment]
        pub fn $fname(&self$(,$arg: $arg_type)*) -> $ret {
            match &self.inner {
                Flavor::Value(v) => Self::result_to_ext(v.$fname($($arg,)*), v.is_zero(), true),
                Flavor::Inf(s) => if s.is_positive() $pos_inf else $neg_inf,
                Flavor::NaN(err) => Self::nan(*err),
            }
        }
    };
}

macro_rules! gen_wrapper_arg_rm {
    // unwrap error, function requires self as argument
    ($comment:literal, $fname:ident, $ret:ty, $pos_inf:block, $neg_inf:block, $($arg:ident, $arg_type:ty),*) => {
        #[doc=$comment]
        pub fn $fname(&self$(,$arg: $arg_type)*, rm: RoundingMode) -> $ret {
            match &self.inner {
                Flavor::Value(v) => {
                    Self::result_to_ext(v.$fname($($arg,)* rm), v.is_zero(), true)
                },
                Flavor::Inf(s) => if s.is_positive() $pos_inf else $neg_inf,
                Flavor::NaN(err) => Self::nan(*err),
            }
        }
    };
}

macro_rules! gen_wrapper_arg_rm_cc {
    // unwrap error, function requires self as argument
    ($comment:literal, $fname:ident, $ret:ty, $pos_inf:block, $neg_inf:block, $($arg:ident, $arg_type:ty),*) => {
        #[doc=$comment]
        pub fn $fname(&self$(,$arg: $arg_type)*, rm: RoundingMode, cc: &mut Consts) -> $ret {
            match &self.inner {
                Flavor::Value(v) => {
                    Self::result_to_ext(v.$fname($($arg,)* rm, cc), v.is_zero(), true)
                },
                Flavor::Inf(s) => if s.is_positive() $pos_inf else $neg_inf,
                Flavor::NaN(err) => Self::nan(*err),
            }
        }
    };
}

macro_rules! gen_wrapper_log {
    ($comment:literal, $fname:ident, $ret:ty, $pos_inf:block, $neg_inf:block, $($arg:ident, $arg_type:ty),*) => {
        #[doc=$comment]
        pub fn $fname(&self$(,$arg: $arg_type)*, rm: RoundingMode, cc: &mut Consts) -> $ret {
            match &self.inner {
                Flavor::Value(v) => {
                    if v.is_zero() {
                        return INF_NEG;
                    }
                    Self::result_to_ext(v.$fname($($arg,)* rm, cc), v.is_zero(), true)
                },
                Flavor::Inf(s) => if s.is_positive() $pos_inf else $neg_inf,
                Flavor::NaN(err) => Self::nan(*err),
            }
        }
    };
}

impl BigFloat {
    gen_wrapper_arg!(
        "Returns the absolute value of `self`.",
        abs,
        Self,
        { INF_POS },
        { INF_POS },
    );
    gen_wrapper_arg!("Returns the integer part of `self`.", int, Self, { NAN }, {
        NAN
    },);
    gen_wrapper_arg!(
        "Returns the fractional part of `self`.",
        fract,
        Self,
        { NAN },
        { NAN },
    );
    gen_wrapper_arg!(
        "Returns the smallest integer greater than or equal to `self`.",
        ceil,
        Self,
        { INF_POS },
        { INF_NEG },
    );
    gen_wrapper_arg!(
        "Returns the largest integer less than or equal to `self`.",
        floor,
        Self,
        { INF_POS },
        { INF_NEG },
    );
    gen_wrapper_arg_rm!("Returns the rounded number with `n` binary positions in the fractional part of the number using rounding mode `rm`.", 
        round,
        Self,
        { INF_POS },
        { INF_NEG },
        n,
        usize
    );
    gen_wrapper_arg_rm!(
        "Computes the square root of a number with precision `p`. The result is rounded using the rounding mode `rm`.
        Precision is rounded upwards to the word size. The function returns NaN if the precision `p` is incorrect.",
        sqrt,
        Self,
        { INF_POS },
        { NAN },
        p,
        usize
    );
    gen_wrapper_arg_rm!(
        "Computes the cube root of a number with precision `p`. The result is rounded using the rounding mode `rm`.
        Precision is rounded upwards to the word size. The function returns NaN if the precision `p` is incorrect.",
        cbrt,
        Self,
        { INF_POS },
        { INF_NEG },
        p,
        usize
    );
    gen_wrapper_log!(
        "Computes the natural logarithm of a number with precision `p`. The result is rounded using the rounding mode `rm`.
        This function requires constants cache `cc` for computing the result.
        Precision is rounded upwards to the word size. The function returns NaN if the precision `p` is incorrect.",
        ln,
        Self,
        { INF_POS },
        { NAN },
        p,
        usize
    );
    gen_wrapper_log!(
        "Computes the logarithm base 2 of a number with precision `p`. The result is rounded using the rounding mode `rm`.
        This function requires constants cache `cc` for computing the result.
        Precision is rounded upwards to the word size. The function returns NaN if the precision `p` is incorrect.",
        log2,
        Self,
        { INF_POS },
        { NAN },
        p,
        usize
    );
    gen_wrapper_log!(
        "Computes the logarithm base 10 of a number with precision `p`. The result is rounded using the rounding mode `rm`.
        This function requires constants cache `cc` for computing the result.
        Precision is rounded upwards to the word size. The function returns NaN if the precision `p` is incorrect.",
        log10,
        Self,
        { INF_POS },
        { NAN },
        p,
        usize
    );
    gen_wrapper_arg_rm_cc!(
        "Computes `e` to the power of `self` with precision `p`. The result is rounded using the rounding mode `rm`.
        This function requires constants cache `cc` for computing the result.
        Precision is rounded upwards to the word size. The function returns NaN if the precision `p` is incorrect.",
        exp,
        Self,
        { INF_POS },
        { Self::new(p) },
        p,
        usize
    );

    gen_wrapper_arg_rm_cc!(
        "Computes the sine of a number with precision `p`. The result is rounded using the rounding mode `rm`.
        This function requires constants cache `cc` for computing the result.
        Precision is rounded upwards to the word size. The function returns NaN if the precision `p` is incorrect.",
        sin,
        Self,
        { NAN },
        { NAN },
        p,
        usize
    );
    gen_wrapper_arg_rm_cc!(
        "Computes the cosine of a number with precision `p`. The result is rounded using the rounding mode `rm`.
        This function requires constants cache `cc` for computing the result.
        Precision is rounded upwards to the word size. The function returns NaN if the precision `p` is incorrect.",
        cos,
        Self,
        { NAN },
        { NAN },
        p,
        usize
    );
    gen_wrapper_arg_rm_cc!(
        "Computes the tangent of a number with precision `p`. The result is rounded using the rounding mode `rm`.
        This function requires constants cache `cc` for computing the result.
        Precision is rounded upwards to the word size. The function returns NaN if the precision `p` is incorrect.",
        tan,
        Self,
        { NAN },
        { NAN },
        p,
        usize
    );
    gen_wrapper_arg_rm_cc!(
        "Computes the arcsine of a number with precision `p`. The result is rounded using the rounding mode `rm`.
        This function requires constants cache `cc` for computing the result.
        Precision is rounded upwards to the word size. The function returns NaN if the precision `p` is incorrect.", 
        asin,
        Self,
        {NAN},
        {NAN},
        p,
        usize
    );
    gen_wrapper_arg_rm_cc!(
        "Computes the arccosine of a number with precision `p`. The result is rounded using the rounding mode `rm`.
        This function requires constants cache `cc` for computing the result.
        Precision is rounded upwards to the word size. The function returns NaN if the precision `p` is incorrect.",
        acos,
        Self,
        { NAN },
        { NAN },
        p,
        usize
    );

    gen_wrapper_arg_rm_cc!(
        "Computes the hyperbolic sine of a number with precision `p`. The result is rounded using the rounding mode `rm`.
        This function requires constants cache cc for computing the result. 
        Precision is rounded upwards to the word size. The function returns NaN if the precision `p` is incorrect.",
        sinh,
        Self,
        { INF_POS },
        { INF_NEG },
        p,
        usize
    );
    gen_wrapper_arg_rm_cc!(
        "Computes the hyperbolic cosine of a number with precision `p`. The result is rounded using the rounding mode `rm`.
        This function requires constants cache cc for computing the result. 
        Precision is rounded upwards to the word size. The function returns NaN if the precision `p` is incorrect.",
        cosh,
        Self,
        { INF_POS },
        { INF_POS },
        p,
        usize
    );
    gen_wrapper_arg_rm_cc!(
        "Computes the hyperbolic arcsine of a number with precision `p`. The result is rounded using the rounding mode `rm`.
        This function requires constants cache `cc` for computing the result.
        Precision is rounded upwards to the word size. The function returns NaN if the precision `p` is incorrect.",
        asinh,
        Self,
        { INF_POS },
        { INF_NEG },
        p,
        usize
    );
    gen_wrapper_arg_rm_cc!(
        "Computes the hyperbolic arccosine of a number with precision `p`. The result is rounded using the rounding mode `rm`.
        This function requires constants cache `cc` for computing the result.
        Precision is rounded upwards to the word size. The function returns NaN if the precision `p` is incorrect.",
        acosh,
        Self,
        { INF_POS },
        { NAN },
        p,
        usize
    );
    gen_wrapper_arg_rm_cc!(
        "Computes the hyperbolic arctangent of a number with precision `p`. The result is rounded using the rounding mode `rm`.
        This function requires constants cache `cc` for computing the result.
        Precision is rounded upwards to the word size. The function returns NaN if the precision `p` is incorrect.",
        atanh,
        Self,
        { NAN },
        { NAN },
        p,
        usize
    );
}

macro_rules! impl_int_conv {
    ($s:ty, $from_s:ident) => {
        impl BigFloat {
            /// Constructs BigFloat with precision `p` from an integer value `i`.
            /// Precision is rounded upwards to the word size.
            /// The function returns NaN if the precision `p` is incorrect.
            pub fn $from_s(i: $s, p: usize) -> Self {
                Self::result_to_ext(BigFloatNumber::$from_s(i, p), false, true)
            }
        }

        //#[cfg(feature = "std")]
        //impl From<$s> for BigFloat {
        //    fn from(i: $s) -> Self {
        //        let p = GCTX.with(|x| x.borrow().precision);
        //        BigFloat::$from_s(i, p)
        //    }
        //}
    };
}

impl_int_conv!(i8, from_i8);
impl_int_conv!(i16, from_i16);
impl_int_conv!(i32, from_i32);
impl_int_conv!(i64, from_i64);
impl_int_conv!(i128, from_i128);

impl_int_conv!(u8, from_u8);
impl_int_conv!(u16, from_u16);
impl_int_conv!(u32, from_u32);
impl_int_conv!(u64, from_u64);
impl_int_conv!(u128, from_u128);

impl From<BigFloatNumber> for BigFloat {
    fn from(x: BigFloatNumber) -> Self {
        BigFloat {
            inner: Flavor::Value(x),
        }
    }
}

#[cfg(feature = "std")]
use core::{
    fmt::{Binary, Display, Formatter, Octal, UpperHex},
    str::FromStr,
};

use core::{cmp::Eq, cmp::Ordering, cmp::PartialEq, cmp::PartialOrd, ops::Neg};

impl Neg for BigFloat {
    type Output = BigFloat;
    fn neg(mut self) -> Self::Output {
        self.inv_sign();
        self
    }
}

impl Neg for &BigFloat {
    type Output = BigFloat;
    fn neg(self) -> Self::Output {
        let mut ret = self.clone();
        ret.inv_sign();
        ret
    }
}

//
// ordering traits
//

impl PartialEq for BigFloat {
    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
        let cmp_result = BigFloat::cmp(self, other);
        matches!(cmp_result, Some(0))
    }
}

impl<'a> PartialEq<&'a BigFloat> for BigFloat {
    fn eq(&self, other: &&'a BigFloat) -> bool {
        let cmp_result = BigFloat::cmp(self, other);
        matches!(cmp_result, Some(0))
    }
}

impl Eq for BigFloat {}

impl PartialOrd for BigFloat {
    fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Option<Ordering> {
        let cmp_result = BigFloat::cmp(self, other);
        match cmp_result {
            Some(v) => {
                if v > 0 {
                    Some(Ordering::Greater)
                } else if v < 0 {
                    Some(Ordering::Less)
                } else {
                    Some(Ordering::Equal)
                }
            }
            None => None,
        }
    }
}

impl<'a> PartialOrd<&'a BigFloat> for BigFloat {
    fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &&'a BigFloat) -> Option<Ordering> {
        let cmp_result = BigFloat::cmp(self, other);
        match cmp_result {
            Some(v) => {
                if v > 0 {
                    Some(Ordering::Greater)
                } else if v < 0 {
                    Some(Ordering::Less)
                } else {
                    Some(Ordering::Equal)
                }
            }
            None => None,
        }
    }
}

impl Default for BigFloat {
    fn default() -> BigFloat {
        BigFloat::new(DEFAULT_P)
    }
}

#[cfg(feature = "std")]
impl FromStr for BigFloat {
    type Err = Error;

    /// Returns parsed number or NAN in case of error.
    /// The implementation is not available in no_std environment.
    fn from_str(src: &str) -> Result<BigFloat, Self::Err> {
        let bf = crate::common::consts::TENPOWERS.with(|tp| {
            let cc = &mut tp.borrow_mut();
            BigFloat::parse(src, Radix::Dec, usize::MAX, RoundingMode::ToEven, cc)
        });

        if bf.is_nan() {
            if let Some(err) = bf.err() {
                return Err(err);
            }
        }

        Ok(bf)
    }
}

macro_rules! impl_from {
    ($tt:ty, $fn:ident) => {
        impl From<$tt> for BigFloat {
            fn from(v: $tt) -> Self {
                BigFloat::$fn(v, DEFAULT_P)
            }
        }
    };
}

impl_from!(f32, from_f32);
impl_from!(f64, from_f64);
impl_from!(i8, from_i8);
impl_from!(i16, from_i16);
impl_from!(i32, from_i32);
impl_from!(i64, from_i64);
impl_from!(i128, from_i128);
impl_from!(u8, from_u8);
impl_from!(u16, from_u16);
impl_from!(u32, from_u32);
impl_from!(u64, from_u64);
impl_from!(u128, from_u128);

#[cfg(feature = "std")]
macro_rules! impl_format_rdx {
    ($trait:ty, $rdx:path) => {
        impl $trait for BigFloat {
            /// Formats the number.
            /// The implementation is not available in no_std environment.
            fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), core::fmt::Error> {
                crate::common::consts::TENPOWERS.with(|tp| {
                    let cc = &mut tp.borrow_mut();
                    self.write_str(f, $rdx, RoundingMode::ToEven, cc)
                })
            }
        }
    };
}

#[cfg(feature = "std")]
impl_format_rdx!(Binary, Radix::Bin);
#[cfg(feature = "std")]
impl_format_rdx!(Octal, Radix::Oct);
#[cfg(feature = "std")]
impl_format_rdx!(Display, Radix::Dec);
#[cfg(feature = "std")]
impl_format_rdx!(UpperHex, Radix::Hex);

/// A trait for conversion with additional arguments.
pub trait FromExt<T> {
    /// Converts `v` to BigFloat with precision `p` using rounding mode `rm`.
    fn from_ext(v: T, p: usize, rm: RoundingMode, cc: &mut Consts) -> Self;
}

impl<T> FromExt<T> for BigFloat
where
    BigFloat: From<T>,
{
    fn from_ext(v: T, p: usize, rm: RoundingMode, _cc: &mut Consts) -> Self {
        let mut ret = BigFloat::from(v);
        if let Err(err) = ret.set_precision(p, rm) {
            BigFloat::nan(Some(err))
        } else {
            ret
        }
    }
}

impl FromExt<&str> for BigFloat {
    fn from_ext(v: &str, p: usize, rm: RoundingMode, cc: &mut Consts) -> Self {
        BigFloat::parse(v, crate::Radix::Dec, p, rm, cc)
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {

    use crate::common::util::rand_p;
    use crate::defs::DEFAULT_P;
    use crate::ext::ONE;
    use crate::ext::TWO;
    use crate::BigFloat;
    use crate::Consts;
    use crate::Error;
    use crate::Radix;
    use crate::Sign;
    use crate::Word;
    use crate::INF_NEG;
    use crate::INF_POS;
    use crate::NAN;
    use crate::{defs::RoundingMode, WORD_BIT_SIZE};

    use core::num::FpCategory;
    #[cfg(feature = "std")]
    use std::str::FromStr;

    #[cfg(not(feature = "std"))]
    use alloc::format;

    #[cfg(target_pointer_width = "32")]
    #[test]
    fn test_decimal_formatting_round_trip() {
        // Regression test: on 32-bit targets, decimal formatting must produce a string
        // that parses back to the original value without losing precision.
        let mut cc = Consts::new().unwrap();
        let p = 53;
        let rm = RoundingMode::ToEven;
        let value = BigFloat::parse("1.0", Radix::Dec, p, rm, &mut cc);

        let formatted = value.format(Radix::Dec, rm, &mut cc).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(formatted, "1.e+0");

        let reparsed = BigFloat::parse(&formatted, Radix::Dec, p, rm, &mut cc);
        assert_eq!(reparsed, value);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_ext() {
        let rm = RoundingMode::ToOdd;
        let mut cc = Consts::new().unwrap();

        // Inf & NaN
        let d1 = BigFloat::from_u8(1, rand_p());
        assert!(!d1.is_inf());
        assert!(!d1.is_nan());
        assert!(!d1.is_inf_pos());
        assert!(!d1.is_inf_neg());
        assert!(d1.is_positive());

        let mut d1 = d1.div(&BigFloat::new(rand_p()), rand_p(), rm);
        assert!(d1.is_inf());
        assert!(!d1.is_nan());
        assert!(d1.is_inf_pos());
        assert!(!d1.is_inf_neg());
        assert!(d1.is_positive());

        d1.inv_sign();
        assert!(d1.is_inf());
        assert!(!d1.is_nan());
        assert!(!d1.is_inf_pos());
        assert!(d1.is_inf_neg());
        assert!(d1.is_negative());

        let d1 = BigFloat::new(rand_p()).div(&BigFloat::new(rand_p()), rand_p(), rm);
        assert!(!d1.is_inf());
        assert!(d1.is_nan());
        assert!(!d1.is_inf_pos());
        assert!(!d1.is_inf_neg());
        assert!(d1.sign().is_none());

        for _ in 0..1000 {
            let i = rand::random::<i64>();
            let d1 = BigFloat::from_i64(i, rand_p());
            let n1 = BigFloat::parse(&format!("{}", i), Radix::Dec, rand_p(), rm, &mut cc);
            assert!(d1.cmp(&n1) == Some(0));

            let i = rand::random::<u64>();
            let d1 = BigFloat::from_u64(i, rand_p());
            let n1 = BigFloat::parse(&format!("{}", i), Radix::Dec, rand_p(), rm, &mut cc);
            assert!(d1.cmp(&n1) == Some(0));

            let i = rand::random::<i128>();
            let d1 = BigFloat::from_i128(i, rand_p());
            let n1 = BigFloat::parse(&format!("{}", i), Radix::Dec, rand_p(), rm, &mut cc);
            assert!(d1.cmp(&n1) == Some(0));

            let i = rand::random::<u128>();
            let d1 = BigFloat::from_u128(i, rand_p());
            let n1 = BigFloat::parse(&format!("{}", i), Radix::Dec, rand_p(), rm, &mut cc);
            assert!(d1.cmp(&n1) == Some(0));
        }

        assert!(ONE.exponent().is_some());
        assert!(INF_POS.exponent().is_none());
        assert!(INF_NEG.exponent().is_none());
        assert!(NAN.exponent().is_none());

        assert!(ONE.as_raw_parts().is_some());
        assert!(INF_POS.as_raw_parts().is_none());
        assert!(INF_NEG.as_raw_parts().is_none());
        assert!(NAN.as_raw_parts().is_none());

        assert!(ONE.add(&ONE, rand_p(), rm).cmp(&TWO) == Some(0));
        assert!(ONE.add(&INF_POS, rand_p(), rm).is_inf_pos());
        assert!(INF_POS.add(&ONE, rand_p(), rm).is_inf_pos());
        assert!(ONE.add(&INF_NEG, rand_p(), rm).is_inf_neg());
        assert!(INF_NEG.add(&ONE, rand_p(), rm).is_inf_neg());
        assert!(INF_POS.add(&INF_POS, rand_p(), rm).is_inf_pos());
        assert!(INF_POS.add(&INF_NEG, rand_p(), rm).is_nan());
        assert!(INF_NEG.add(&INF_NEG, rand_p(), rm).is_inf_neg());
        assert!(INF_NEG.add(&INF_POS, rand_p(), rm).is_nan());

        assert!(ONE.add_full_prec(&ONE).cmp(&TWO) == Some(0));
        assert!(ONE.add_full_prec(&INF_POS).is_inf_pos());
        assert!(INF_POS.add_full_prec(&ONE).is_inf_pos());
        assert!(ONE.add_full_prec(&INF_NEG).is_inf_neg());
        assert!(INF_NEG.add_full_prec(&ONE).is_inf_neg());
        assert!(INF_POS.add_full_prec(&INF_POS).is_inf_pos());
        assert!(INF_POS.add_full_prec(&INF_NEG).is_nan());
        assert!(INF_NEG.add_full_prec(&INF_NEG).is_inf_neg());
        assert!(INF_NEG.add_full_prec(&INF_POS).is_nan());

        assert!(ONE.sub_full_prec(&ONE).is_zero());
        assert!(ONE.sub_full_prec(&INF_POS).is_inf_neg());
        assert!(INF_POS.sub_full_prec(&ONE).is_inf_pos());
        assert!(ONE.sub_full_prec(&INF_NEG).is_inf_pos());
        assert!(INF_NEG.sub_full_prec(&ONE).is_inf_neg());
        assert!(INF_POS.sub_full_prec(&INF_POS).is_nan());
        assert!(INF_POS.sub_full_prec(&INF_NEG).is_inf_pos());
        assert!(INF_NEG.sub_full_prec(&INF_NEG).is_nan());
        assert!(INF_NEG.sub_full_prec(&INF_POS).is_inf_neg());

        assert!(ONE.mul_full_prec(&ONE).cmp(&ONE) == Some(0));
        assert!(ONE.mul_full_prec(&INF_POS).is_inf_pos());
        assert!(INF_POS.mul_full_prec(&ONE).is_inf_pos());
        assert!(ONE.mul_full_prec(&INF_NEG).is_inf_neg());
        assert!(INF_NEG.mul_full_prec(&ONE).is_inf_neg());
        assert!(INF_POS.mul_full_prec(&INF_POS).is_inf_pos());
        assert!(INF_POS.mul_full_prec(&INF_NEG).is_inf_neg());
        assert!(INF_NEG.mul_full_prec(&INF_NEG).is_inf_pos());
        assert!(INF_NEG.mul_full_prec(&INF_POS).is_inf_neg());

        assert!(TWO.sub(&ONE, rand_p(), rm).cmp(&ONE) == Some(0));
        assert!(ONE.sub(&INF_POS, rand_p(), rm).is_inf_neg());
        assert!(INF_POS.sub(&ONE, rand_p(), rm).is_inf_pos());
        assert!(ONE.sub(&INF_NEG, rand_p(), rm).is_inf_pos());
        assert!(INF_NEG.sub(&ONE, rand_p(), rm).is_inf_neg());
        assert!(INF_POS.sub(&INF_POS, rand_p(), rm).is_nan());
        assert!(INF_POS.sub(&INF_NEG, rand_p(), rm).is_inf_pos());
        assert!(INF_NEG.sub(&INF_NEG, rand_p(), rm).is_nan());
        assert!(INF_NEG.sub(&INF_POS, rand_p(), rm).is_inf_neg());

        assert!(TWO.mul(&ONE, rand_p(), rm).cmp(&TWO) == Some(0));
        assert!(ONE.mul(&INF_POS, rand_p(), rm).is_inf_pos());
        assert!(INF_POS.mul(&ONE, rand_p(), rm).is_inf_pos());
        assert!(ONE.mul(&INF_NEG, rand_p(), rm).is_inf_neg());
        assert!(INF_NEG.mul(&ONE, rand_p(), rm).is_inf_neg());
        assert!(ONE.neg().mul(&INF_POS, rand_p(), rm).is_inf_neg());
        assert!(ONE.neg().mul(&INF_NEG, rand_p(), rm).is_inf_pos());
        assert!(INF_POS.mul(&ONE.neg(), rand_p(), rm).is_inf_neg());
        assert!(INF_NEG.mul(&ONE.neg(), rand_p(), rm).is_inf_pos());
        assert!(INF_POS.mul(&INF_POS, rand_p(), rm).is_inf_pos());
        assert!(INF_POS.mul(&INF_NEG, rand_p(), rm).is_inf_neg());
        assert!(INF_NEG.mul(&INF_NEG, rand_p(), rm).is_inf_pos());
        assert!(INF_NEG.mul(&INF_POS, rand_p(), rm).is_inf_neg());
        assert!(INF_POS.mul(&BigFloat::new(rand_p()), rand_p(), rm).is_nan());
        assert!(INF_NEG.mul(&BigFloat::new(rand_p()), rand_p(), rm).is_nan());
        assert!(BigFloat::new(rand_p()).mul(&INF_POS, rand_p(), rm).is_nan());
        assert!(BigFloat::new(rand_p()).mul(&INF_NEG, rand_p(), rm).is_nan());

        assert!(TWO.div(&TWO, rand_p(), rm).cmp(&ONE) == Some(0));
        assert!(TWO.div(&INF_POS, rand_p(), rm).is_zero());
        assert!(INF_POS.div(&TWO, rand_p(), rm).is_inf_pos());
        assert!(TWO.div(&INF_NEG, rand_p(), rm).is_zero());
        assert!(INF_NEG.div(&TWO, rand_p(), rm).is_inf_neg());
        assert!(TWO.neg().div(&INF_POS, rand_p(), rm).is_zero());
        assert!(TWO.neg().div(&INF_NEG, rand_p(), rm).is_zero());
        assert!(INF_POS.div(&TWO.neg(), rand_p(), rm).is_inf_neg());
        assert!(INF_NEG.div(&TWO.neg(), rand_p(), rm).is_inf_pos());
        assert!(INF_POS.div(&INF_POS, rand_p(), rm).is_nan());
        assert!(INF_POS.div(&INF_NEG, rand_p(), rm).is_nan());
        assert!(INF_NEG.div(&INF_NEG, rand_p(), rm).is_nan());
        assert!(INF_NEG.div(&INF_POS, rand_p(), rm).is_nan());
        assert!(INF_POS
            .div(&BigFloat::new(rand_p()), rand_p(), rm)
            .is_inf_pos());
        assert!(INF_NEG
            .div(&BigFloat::new(rand_p()), rand_p(), rm)
            .is_inf_neg());
        assert!(BigFloat::new(rand_p())
            .div(&INF_POS, rand_p(), rm)
            .is_zero());
        assert!(BigFloat::new(rand_p())
            .div(&INF_NEG, rand_p(), rm)
            .is_zero());

        assert!(TWO.rem(&TWO).is_zero());
        assert!(TWO.rem(&INF_POS).cmp(&TWO) == Some(0));
        assert!(INF_POS.rem(&TWO).is_nan());
        assert!(TWO.rem(&INF_NEG).cmp(&TWO) == Some(0));
        assert!(INF_NEG.rem(&TWO).is_nan());
        assert!(TWO.neg().rem(&INF_POS).cmp(&TWO.neg()) == Some(0));
        assert!(TWO.neg().rem(&INF_NEG).cmp(&TWO.neg()) == Some(0));
        assert!(INF_POS.rem(&TWO.neg()).is_nan());
        assert!(INF_NEG.rem(&TWO.neg()).is_nan());
        assert!(INF_POS.rem(&INF_POS).is_nan());
        assert!(INF_POS.rem(&INF_NEG).is_nan());
        assert!(INF_NEG.rem(&INF_NEG).is_nan());
        assert!(INF_NEG.rem(&INF_POS).is_nan());
        assert!(INF_POS.rem(&BigFloat::new(rand_p())).is_nan());
        assert!(INF_NEG.rem(&BigFloat::new(rand_p())).is_nan());
        assert!(BigFloat::new(rand_p()).rem(&INF_POS).is_zero());
        assert!(BigFloat::new(rand_p()).rem(&INF_NEG).is_zero());

        for op in [BigFloat::add, BigFloat::sub, BigFloat::mul, BigFloat::div] {
            assert!(op(&NAN, &ONE, rand_p(), rm).is_nan());
            assert!(op(&ONE, &NAN, rand_p(), rm).is_nan());
            assert!(op(&NAN, &INF_POS, rand_p(), rm).is_nan());
            assert!(op(&INF_POS, &NAN, rand_p(), rm).is_nan());
            assert!(op(&NAN, &INF_NEG, rand_p(), rm).is_nan());
            assert!(op(&INF_NEG, &NAN, rand_p(), rm).is_nan());
            assert!(op(&NAN, &NAN, rand_p(), rm).is_nan());
        }

        assert!(BigFloat::rem(&NAN, &ONE).is_nan());
        assert!(BigFloat::rem(&ONE, &NAN).is_nan());
        assert!(BigFloat::rem(&NAN, &INF_POS).is_nan());
        assert!(BigFloat::rem(&INF_POS, &NAN).is_nan());
        assert!(BigFloat::rem(&NAN, &INF_NEG).is_nan());
        assert!(BigFloat::rem(&INF_NEG, &NAN).is_nan());
        assert!(BigFloat::rem(&NAN, &NAN).is_nan());

        for op in [BigFloat::add_full_prec, BigFloat::sub_full_prec, BigFloat::mul_full_prec] {
            assert!(op(&NAN, &ONE).is_nan());
            assert!(op(&ONE, &NAN).is_nan());
            assert!(op(&NAN, &INF_POS).is_nan());
            assert!(op(&INF_POS, &NAN).is_nan());
            assert!(op(&NAN, &INF_NEG).is_nan());
            assert!(op(&INF_NEG, &NAN).is_nan());
            assert!(op(&NAN, &NAN).is_nan());
        }

        assert!(ONE.cmp(&ONE).unwrap() == 0);
        assert!(ONE.cmp(&INF_POS).unwrap() < 0);
        assert!(INF_POS.cmp(&ONE).unwrap() > 0);
        assert!(INF_POS.cmp(&INF_POS).unwrap() == 0);
        assert!(ONE.cmp(&INF_NEG).unwrap() > 0);
        assert!(INF_NEG.cmp(&ONE).unwrap() < 0);
        assert!(INF_NEG.cmp(&INF_NEG).unwrap() == 0);
        assert!(INF_POS.cmp(&INF_NEG).unwrap() > 0);
        assert!(INF_NEG.cmp(&INF_POS).unwrap() < 0);
        assert!(INF_POS.cmp(&INF_POS).unwrap() == 0);
        assert!(ONE.cmp(&NAN).is_none());
        assert!(NAN.cmp(&ONE).is_none());
        assert!(INF_POS.cmp(&NAN).is_none());
        assert!(NAN.cmp(&INF_POS).is_none());
        assert!(INF_NEG.cmp(&NAN).is_none());
        assert!(NAN.cmp(&INF_NEG).is_none());
        assert!(NAN.cmp(&NAN).is_none());

        assert!(ONE.abs_cmp(&ONE).unwrap() == 0);
        assert!(ONE.abs_cmp(&INF_POS).unwrap() < 0);
        assert!(INF_POS.abs_cmp(&ONE).unwrap() > 0);
        assert!(INF_POS.abs_cmp(&INF_POS).unwrap() == 0);
        assert!(ONE.abs_cmp(&INF_NEG).unwrap() < 0);
        assert!(INF_NEG.abs_cmp(&ONE).unwrap() > 0);
        assert!(INF_NEG.abs_cmp(&INF_NEG).unwrap() == 0);
        assert!(INF_POS.abs_cmp(&INF_NEG).unwrap() == 0);
        assert!(INF_NEG.abs_cmp(&INF_POS).unwrap() == 0);
        assert!(INF_POS.abs_cmp(&INF_POS).unwrap() == 0);
        assert!(ONE.abs_cmp(&NAN).is_none());
        assert!(NAN.abs_cmp(&ONE).is_none());
        assert!(INF_POS.abs_cmp(&NAN).is_none());
        assert!(NAN.abs_cmp(&INF_POS).is_none());
        assert!(INF_NEG.abs_cmp(&NAN).is_none());
        assert!(NAN.abs_cmp(&INF_NEG).is_none());
        assert!(NAN.abs_cmp(&NAN).is_none());

        assert!(ONE.is_positive());
        assert!(!ONE.is_negative());

        assert!(ONE.neg().is_negative());
        assert!(!ONE.neg().is_positive());
        assert!(!INF_POS.is_negative());
        assert!(INF_POS.is_positive());
        assert!(INF_NEG.is_negative());
        assert!(!INF_NEG.is_positive());
        assert!(!NAN.is_positive());
        assert!(!NAN.is_negative());

        assert!(ONE.pow(&ONE, rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).cmp(&ONE) == Some(0));
        assert!(BigFloat::new(DEFAULT_P)
            .pow(&INF_POS, rand_p(), rm, &mut cc)
            .is_zero());
        assert!(BigFloat::new(DEFAULT_P)
            .pow(&INF_NEG, rand_p(), rm, &mut cc)
            .is_zero());
        assert!(ONE.pow(&INF_POS, rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).cmp(&ONE) == Some(0));
        assert!(ONE.pow(&INF_NEG, rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).cmp(&ONE) == Some(0));
        assert!(TWO.pow(&INF_POS, rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).is_inf_pos());
        assert!(TWO.pow(&INF_NEG, rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).is_inf_neg());
        assert!(INF_POS.pow(&ONE, rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).is_inf_pos());
        assert!(INF_NEG.pow(&ONE, rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).is_inf_neg());
        assert!(INF_NEG.pow(&TWO, rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).is_inf_pos());
        assert!(INF_NEG
            .pow(&BigFloat::from_f64(10.2, DEFAULT_P), rand_p(), rm, &mut cc)
            .is_inf_pos());
        assert!(INF_NEG
            .pow(&BigFloat::from_f64(3.0, DEFAULT_P), rand_p(), rm, &mut cc)
            .is_inf_neg());
        assert!(INF_POS.pow(&ONE.neg(), rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).is_zero());
        assert!(INF_NEG.pow(&ONE.neg(), rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).is_zero());
        assert!(
            INF_POS
                .pow(&BigFloat::new(DEFAULT_P), rand_p(), rm, &mut cc)
                .cmp(&ONE)
                == Some(0)
        );
        assert!(
            INF_NEG
                .pow(&BigFloat::new(DEFAULT_P), rand_p(), rm, &mut cc)
                .cmp(&ONE)
                == Some(0)
        );
        assert!(INF_POS.pow(&INF_POS, rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).is_inf_pos());
        assert!(INF_NEG.pow(&INF_POS, rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).is_inf_pos());
        assert!(INF_POS.pow(&INF_NEG, rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).is_zero());
        assert!(INF_NEG.pow(&INF_NEG, rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).is_zero());

        let half = ONE.div(&TWO, rand_p(), rm);
        assert!(TWO.log(&TWO, rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).cmp(&ONE) == Some(0));
        assert!(TWO.log(&INF_POS, rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).is_zero());
        assert!(TWO.log(&INF_NEG, rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).is_nan());
        assert!(INF_POS.log(&TWO, rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).is_inf_pos());
        assert!(INF_NEG.log(&TWO, rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).is_nan());
        assert!(half.log(&half, rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).cmp(&ONE) == Some(0));
        assert!(half.log(&INF_POS, rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).is_zero());
        assert!(half.log(&INF_NEG, rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).is_nan());
        assert!(INF_POS.log(&half, rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).is_inf_neg());
        assert!(INF_NEG.log(&half, rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).is_nan());
        assert!(INF_POS.log(&INF_POS, rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).is_nan());
        assert!(INF_POS.log(&INF_NEG, rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).is_nan());
        assert!(INF_NEG.log(&INF_POS, rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).is_nan());
        assert!(INF_NEG.log(&INF_NEG, rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).is_nan());
        assert!(TWO.log(&ONE, rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).is_inf_pos());
        assert!(half.log(&ONE, rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).is_inf_pos());
        assert!(ONE.log(&ONE, rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).is_nan());

        assert!(BigFloat::from_f32(f32::NAN, DEFAULT_P).is_nan());
        assert!(BigFloat::from_f32(f32::INFINITY, DEFAULT_P).is_inf_pos());
        assert!(BigFloat::from_f32(f32::NEG_INFINITY, DEFAULT_P).is_inf_neg());
        assert!(!BigFloat::from_f32(1.0, DEFAULT_P).is_nan());
        assert!(BigFloat::from_f64(f64::NAN, DEFAULT_P).is_nan());
        assert!(BigFloat::from_f64(f64::INFINITY, DEFAULT_P).is_inf_pos());
        assert!(BigFloat::from_f64(f64::NEG_INFINITY, DEFAULT_P).is_inf_neg());
        assert!(!BigFloat::from_f64(1.0, DEFAULT_P).is_nan());

        assert!(ONE.pow(&NAN, rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).is_nan());
        assert!(NAN.pow(&ONE, rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).is_nan());
        assert!(INF_POS.pow(&NAN, rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).is_nan());
        assert!(NAN.pow(&INF_POS, rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).is_nan());
        assert!(INF_NEG.pow(&NAN, rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).is_nan());
        assert!(NAN.pow(&INF_NEG, rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).is_nan());
        assert!(NAN.pow(&NAN, rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).is_nan());

        assert!(NAN.powi(2, rand_p(), rm).is_nan());
        assert!(NAN.powi(0, rand_p(), rm).is_nan());
        assert!(INF_POS.powi(2, rand_p(), rm).is_inf_pos());
        assert!(INF_POS.powi(3, rand_p(), rm).is_inf_pos());
        assert!(INF_NEG.powi(4, rand_p(), rm).is_inf_pos());
        assert!(INF_NEG.powi(5, rand_p(), rm).is_inf_neg());
        assert!(INF_POS.powi(0, rand_p(), rm).cmp(&ONE) == Some(0));
        assert!(INF_NEG.powi(0, rand_p(), rm).cmp(&ONE) == Some(0));

        assert!(TWO.log(&NAN, rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).is_nan());
        assert!(NAN.log(&TWO, rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).is_nan());
        assert!(INF_POS.log(&NAN, rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).is_nan());
        assert!(NAN.log(&INF_POS, rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).is_nan());
        assert!(INF_NEG.log(&NAN, rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).is_nan());
        assert!(NAN.log(&INF_NEG, rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).is_nan());
        assert!(NAN.log(&NAN, rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).is_nan());

        assert!(INF_NEG.abs().is_inf_pos());
        assert!(INF_POS.abs().is_inf_pos());
        assert!(NAN.abs().is_nan());

        assert!(INF_NEG.int().is_nan());
        assert!(INF_POS.int().is_nan());
        assert!(NAN.int().is_nan());

        assert!(INF_NEG.fract().is_nan());
        assert!(INF_POS.fract().is_nan());
        assert!(NAN.fract().is_nan());

        assert!(INF_NEG.ceil().is_inf_neg());
        assert!(INF_POS.ceil().is_inf_pos());
        assert!(NAN.ceil().is_nan());

        assert!(INF_NEG.floor().is_inf_neg());
        assert!(INF_POS.floor().is_inf_pos());
        assert!(NAN.floor().is_nan());

        for rm in [
            RoundingMode::Up,
            RoundingMode::Down,
            RoundingMode::ToZero,
            RoundingMode::FromZero,
            RoundingMode::ToEven,
            RoundingMode::ToOdd,
        ] {
            assert!(INF_NEG.round(0, rm).is_inf_neg());
            assert!(INF_POS.round(0, rm).is_inf_pos());
            assert!(NAN.round(0, rm).is_nan());
        }

        assert!(INF_NEG.sqrt(rand_p(), rm).is_nan());
        assert!(INF_POS.sqrt(rand_p(), rm).is_inf_pos());
        assert!(NAN.sqrt(rand_p(), rm).is_nan());

        assert!(INF_NEG.cbrt(rand_p(), rm).is_inf_neg());
        assert!(INF_POS.cbrt(rand_p(), rm).is_inf_pos());
        assert!(NAN.cbrt(rand_p(), rm).is_nan());

        for op in [BigFloat::ln, BigFloat::log2, BigFloat::log10] {
            assert!(op(&INF_NEG, rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).is_nan());
            assert!(op(&INF_POS, rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).is_inf_pos());
            assert!(op(&NAN, rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).is_nan());
        }

        assert!(INF_NEG.exp(rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).is_zero());
        assert!(INF_POS.exp(rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).is_inf_pos());
        assert!(NAN.exp(rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).is_nan());

        assert!(INF_NEG.sin(rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).is_nan());
        assert!(INF_POS.sin(rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).is_nan());
        assert!(NAN.sin(rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).is_nan());

        assert!(INF_NEG.cos(rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).is_nan());
        assert!(INF_POS.cos(rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).is_nan());
        assert!(NAN.cos(rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).is_nan());

        assert!(INF_NEG.tan(rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).is_nan());
        assert!(INF_POS.tan(rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).is_nan());
        assert!(NAN.tan(rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).is_nan());

        assert!(INF_NEG.asin(rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).is_nan());
        assert!(INF_POS.asin(rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).is_nan());
        assert!(NAN.asin(rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).is_nan());

        assert!(INF_NEG.acos(rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).is_nan());
        assert!(INF_POS.acos(rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).is_nan());
        assert!(NAN.acos(rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).is_nan());

        let p = rand_p();
        let mut half_pi: BigFloat = cc.pi_num(p, rm).unwrap().into();
        half_pi.set_exponent(1);
        assert!(INF_NEG.atan(p, rm, &mut cc).cmp(&half_pi.neg()) == Some(0));
        assert!(INF_POS.atan(p, rm, &mut cc).cmp(&half_pi) == Some(0));
        assert!(NAN.atan(rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).is_nan());

        assert!(INF_NEG.sinh(rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).is_inf_neg());
        assert!(INF_POS.sinh(rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).is_inf_pos());
        assert!(NAN.sinh(rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).is_nan());

        assert!(INF_NEG.cosh(rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).is_inf_pos());
        assert!(INF_POS.cosh(rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).is_inf_pos());
        assert!(NAN.cosh(rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).is_nan());

        assert!(INF_NEG.tanh(rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).cmp(&ONE.neg()) == Some(0));
        assert!(INF_POS.tanh(rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).cmp(&ONE) == Some(0));
        assert!(NAN.tanh(rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).is_nan());

        assert!(INF_NEG.asinh(rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).is_inf_neg());
        assert!(INF_POS.asinh(rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).is_inf_pos());
        assert!(NAN.asinh(rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).is_nan());

        assert!(INF_NEG.acosh(rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).is_nan());
        assert!(INF_POS.acosh(rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).is_inf_pos());
        assert!(NAN.acosh(rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).is_nan());

        assert!(INF_NEG.atanh(rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).is_nan());
        assert!(INF_POS.atanh(rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).is_nan());
        assert!(NAN.atanh(rand_p(), rm, &mut cc).is_nan());

        assert!(INF_NEG.reciprocal(rand_p(), rm).is_zero());
        assert!(INF_POS.reciprocal(rand_p(), rm).is_zero());
        assert!(NAN.reciprocal(rand_p(), rm).is_nan());

        assert!(TWO.signum().cmp(&ONE) == Some(0));
        assert!(TWO.neg().signum().cmp(&ONE.neg()) == Some(0));
        assert!(INF_POS.signum().cmp(&ONE) == Some(0));
        assert!(INF_NEG.signum().cmp(&ONE.neg()) == Some(0));
        assert!(NAN.signum().is_nan());

        let d1 = ONE.clone();
        assert!(d1.exponent() == Some(1));
        let words: &[Word] = {
            #[cfg(not(target_pointer_width = "32"))]
            {
                &[0, 0x8000000000000000]
            }
            #[cfg(target_pointer_width = "32")]
            {
                &[0, 0, 0, 0x80000000]
            }
        };

        assert!(d1.mantissa_digits() == Some(words));
        assert!(d1.mantissa_max_bit_len() == Some(DEFAULT_P));
        assert!(d1.precision() == Some(DEFAULT_P));
        assert!(d1.sign() == Some(Sign::Pos));

        assert!(INF_POS.exponent().is_none());
        assert!(INF_POS.mantissa_digits().is_none());
        assert!(INF_POS.mantissa_max_bit_len().is_none());
        assert!(INF_POS.precision().is_none());
        assert!(INF_POS.sign() == Some(Sign::Pos));

        assert!(INF_NEG.exponent().is_none());
        assert!(INF_NEG.mantissa_digits().is_none());
        assert!(INF_NEG.mantissa_max_bit_len().is_none());
        assert!(INF_NEG.precision().is_none());
        assert!(INF_NEG.sign() == Some(Sign::Neg));

        assert!(NAN.exponent().is_none());
        assert!(NAN.mantissa_digits().is_none());
        assert!(NAN.mantissa_max_bit_len().is_none());
        assert!(NAN.precision().is_none());
        assert!(NAN.sign().is_none());

        INF_POS.clone().set_exponent(1);
        INF_POS.clone().set_precision(1, rm).unwrap();
        INF_POS.clone().set_sign(Sign::Pos);

        INF_NEG.clone().set_exponent(1);
        INF_NEG.clone().set_precision(1, rm).unwrap();
        INF_NEG.clone().set_sign(Sign::Pos);

        NAN.clone().set_exponent(1);
        NAN.clone().set_precision(1, rm).unwrap();
        NAN.clone().set_sign(Sign::Pos);

        assert!(INF_POS.min(&ONE).cmp(&ONE) == Some(0));
        assert!(INF_NEG.min(&ONE).is_inf_neg());
        assert!(NAN.min(&ONE).is_nan());
        assert!(ONE.min(&INF_POS).cmp(&ONE) == Some(0));
        assert!(ONE.min(&INF_NEG).is_inf_neg());
        assert!(ONE.min(&NAN).is_nan());
        assert!(NAN.min(&INF_POS).is_nan());
        assert!(NAN.min(&INF_NEG).is_nan());
        assert!(NAN.min(&NAN).is_nan());
        assert!(INF_NEG.min(&INF_POS).is_inf_neg());
        assert!(INF_POS.min(&INF_NEG).is_inf_neg());
        assert!(INF_POS.min(&INF_POS).is_inf_pos());
        assert!(INF_NEG.min(&INF_NEG).is_inf_neg());

        assert!(INF_POS.max(&ONE).is_inf_pos());
        assert!(INF_NEG.max(&ONE).cmp(&ONE) == Some(0));
        assert!(NAN.max(&ONE).is_nan());
        assert!(ONE.max(&INF_POS).is_inf_pos());
        assert!(ONE.max(&INF_NEG).cmp(&ONE) == Some(0));
        assert!(ONE.max(&NAN).is_nan());
        assert!(NAN.max(&INF_POS).is_nan());
        assert!(NAN.max(&INF_NEG).is_nan());
        assert!(NAN.max(&NAN).is_nan());
        assert!(INF_NEG.max(&INF_POS).is_inf_pos());
        assert!(INF_POS.max(&INF_NEG).is_inf_pos());
        assert!(INF_POS.max(&INF_POS).is_inf_pos());
        assert!(INF_NEG.max(&INF_NEG).is_inf_neg());

        assert!(ONE.clamp(&ONE.neg(), &TWO).cmp(&ONE) == Some(0));
        assert!(ONE.clamp(&TWO, &ONE).is_nan());
        assert!(ONE.clamp(&INF_POS, &ONE).is_nan());
        assert!(ONE.clamp(&TWO, &INF_NEG).is_nan());
        assert!(ONE.neg().clamp(&ONE, &TWO).cmp(&ONE) == Some(0));
        assert!(TWO.clamp(&ONE.neg(), &ONE).cmp(&ONE) == Some(0));
        assert!(INF_POS.clamp(&ONE, &TWO).cmp(&TWO) == Some(0));
        assert!(INF_POS.clamp(&ONE, &INF_POS).is_inf_pos());
        assert!(INF_POS.clamp(&INF_NEG, &ONE).cmp(&ONE) == Some(0));
        assert!(INF_POS.clamp(&NAN, &INF_POS).is_nan());
        assert!(INF_POS.clamp(&ONE, &NAN).is_nan());
        assert!(INF_POS.clamp(&NAN, &NAN).is_nan());
        assert!(INF_NEG.clamp(&ONE, &TWO).cmp(&ONE) == Some(0));
        assert!(INF_NEG.clamp(&ONE, &INF_POS).cmp(&ONE) == Some(0));
        assert!(INF_NEG.clamp(&INF_NEG, &ONE).is_inf_neg());
        assert!(INF_NEG.clamp(&NAN, &INF_POS).is_nan());
        assert!(INF_NEG.clamp(&ONE, &NAN).is_nan());
        assert!(INF_NEG.clamp(&NAN, &NAN).is_nan());
        assert!(NAN.clamp(&ONE, &TWO).is_nan());
        assert!(NAN.clamp(&NAN, &TWO).is_nan());
        assert!(NAN.clamp(&ONE, &NAN).is_nan());
        assert!(NAN.clamp(&NAN, &NAN).is_nan());
        assert!(NAN.clamp(&INF_NEG, &INF_POS).is_nan());

        assert!(BigFloat::min_positive(DEFAULT_P).classify() == FpCategory::Subnormal);
        assert!(INF_POS.classify() == FpCategory::Infinite);
        assert!(INF_NEG.classify() == FpCategory::Infinite);
        assert!(NAN.classify() == FpCategory::Nan);
        assert!(ONE.classify() == FpCategory::Normal);

        assert!(!INF_POS.is_subnormal());
        assert!(!INF_NEG.is_subnormal());
        assert!(!NAN.is_subnormal());
        assert!(BigFloat::min_positive(DEFAULT_P).is_subnormal());
        assert!(!BigFloat::min_positive_normal(DEFAULT_P).is_subnormal());
        assert!(!BigFloat::max_value(DEFAULT_P).is_subnormal());
        assert!(!BigFloat::min_value(DEFAULT_P).is_subnormal());

        let n1 = BigFloat::convert_from_radix(
            Sign::Pos,
            &[],
            0,
            Radix::Dec,
            usize::MAX - 1,
            RoundingMode::None,
            &mut cc,
        );
        assert!(n1.is_nan());
        assert!(n1.err() == Some(Error::InvalidArgument));

        assert!(
            n1.convert_to_radix(Radix::Dec, RoundingMode::None, &mut cc)
                == Err(Error::InvalidArgument)
        );
        assert!(
            INF_POS.convert_to_radix(Radix::Dec, RoundingMode::None, &mut cc)
                == Err(Error::InvalidArgument)
        );
        assert!(
            INF_NEG.convert_to_radix(Radix::Dec, RoundingMode::None, &mut cc)
                == Err(Error::InvalidArgument)
        );
    }

    #[cfg(feature = "std")]
    #[test]
    fn test_ops_std() {
        let mut cc = Consts::new().unwrap();

        let d1 = BigFloat::parse(
            "0.0123456789012345678901234567890123456789",
            Radix::Dec,
            DEFAULT_P,
            RoundingMode::None,
            &mut cc,
        );

        let d1str = format!("{}", d1);
        assert_eq!(&d1str, "1.23456789012345678901234567890123456789e-2");
        let mut d2 = BigFloat::from_str(&d1str).unwrap();
        d2.set_precision(DEFAULT_P, RoundingMode::ToEven).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(d2, d1);

        let d1 = BigFloat::parse(
            "-123.456789012345678901234567890123456789",
            Radix::Dec,
            DEFAULT_P,
            RoundingMode::None,
            &mut cc,
        );
        let d1str = format!("{}", d1);
        assert_eq!(&d1str, "-1.23456789012345678901234567890123456789e+2");
        let mut d2 = BigFloat::from_str(&d1str).unwrap();
        d2.set_precision(DEFAULT_P, RoundingMode::ToEven).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(d2, d1);

        let d1str = format!("{}", INF_POS);
        assert_eq!(d1str, "Inf");

        let d1str = format!("{}", INF_NEG);
        assert_eq!(d1str, "-Inf");

        let d1str = format!("{}", NAN);
        assert_eq!(d1str, "NaN");

        assert!(BigFloat::from_str("abc").is_ok());
        assert!(BigFloat::from_str("abc").unwrap().is_nan());
    }

    #[test]
    pub fn test_ops() {
        let mut cc = Consts::new().unwrap();

        let d1 = -&(TWO.clone());
        assert!(d1.is_negative());

        let p = DEFAULT_P;
        let rm = RoundingMode::ToEven;
        assert!(
            BigFloat::from_i8(-123, p) == BigFloat::parse("-1.23e+2", Radix::Dec, p, rm, &mut cc)
        );
        assert!(
            BigFloat::from_u8(123, p) == BigFloat::parse("1.23e+2", Radix::Dec, p, rm, &mut cc)
        );
        assert!(
            BigFloat::from_i16(-12312, p)
                == BigFloat::parse("-1.2312e+4", Radix::Dec, p, rm, &mut cc)
        );
        assert!(
            BigFloat::from_u16(12312, p)
                == BigFloat::parse("1.2312e+4", Radix::Dec, p, rm, &mut cc)
        );
        assert!(
            BigFloat::from_i32(-123456789, p)
                == BigFloat::parse("-1.23456789e+8", Radix::Dec, p, rm, &mut cc)
        );
        assert!(
            BigFloat::from_u32(123456789, p)
                == BigFloat::parse("1.23456789e+8", Radix::Dec, p, rm, &mut cc)
        );
        assert!(
            BigFloat::from_i64(-1234567890123456789, p)
                == BigFloat::parse("-1.234567890123456789e+18", Radix::Dec, p, rm, &mut cc)
        );
        assert!(
            BigFloat::from_u64(1234567890123456789, p)
                == BigFloat::parse("1.234567890123456789e+18", Radix::Dec, p, rm, &mut cc)
        );
        assert!(
            BigFloat::from_i128(-123456789012345678901234567890123456789, p)
                == BigFloat::parse(
                    "-1.23456789012345678901234567890123456789e+38",
                    Radix::Dec,
                    p,
                    rm,
                    &mut cc
                )
        );
        assert!(
            BigFloat::from_u128(123456789012345678901234567890123456789, p)
                == BigFloat::parse(
                    "1.23456789012345678901234567890123456789e+38",
                    Radix::Dec,
                    p,
                    rm,
                    &mut cc
                )
        );

        let neg = BigFloat::from_i8(-3, WORD_BIT_SIZE);
        let pos = BigFloat::from_i8(5, WORD_BIT_SIZE);

        assert!(pos > neg);
        assert!(neg < pos);
        assert!(!(pos < neg));
        assert!(!(neg > pos));
        assert!(INF_NEG < neg);
        assert!(INF_NEG < pos);
        assert!(INF_NEG < INF_POS);
        assert!(!(INF_NEG > neg));
        assert!(!(INF_NEG > pos));
        assert!(!(INF_NEG > INF_POS));
        assert!(INF_POS > neg);
        assert!(INF_POS > pos);
        assert!(INF_POS > INF_NEG);
        assert!(!(INF_POS < neg));
        assert!(!(INF_POS < pos));
        assert!(!(INF_POS < INF_NEG));
        assert!(!(INF_POS > INF_POS));
        assert!(!(INF_POS < INF_POS));
        assert!(!(INF_NEG > INF_NEG));
        assert!(!(INF_NEG < INF_NEG));
        assert!(!(INF_POS > NAN));
        assert!(!(INF_POS < NAN));
        assert!(!(INF_NEG > NAN));
        assert!(!(INF_NEG < NAN));
        assert!(!(NAN > INF_POS));
        assert!(!(NAN < INF_POS));
        assert!(!(NAN > INF_NEG));
        assert!(!(NAN < INF_NEG));
        assert!(!(NAN > NAN));
        assert!(!(NAN < NAN));
        assert!(!(neg > NAN));
        assert!(!(neg < NAN));
        assert!(!(pos > NAN));
        assert!(!(pos < NAN));
        assert!(!(NAN > neg));
        assert!(!(NAN < neg));
        assert!(!(NAN > pos));
        assert!(!(NAN < pos));

        assert!(!(NAN == NAN));
        assert!(!(NAN == INF_POS));
        assert!(!(NAN == INF_NEG));
        assert!(!(INF_POS == NAN));
        assert!(!(INF_NEG == NAN));
        assert!(!(INF_NEG == INF_POS));
        assert!(!(INF_POS == INF_NEG));
        assert!(!(INF_POS == neg));
        assert!(!(INF_POS == pos));
        assert!(!(INF_NEG == neg));
        assert!(!(INF_NEG == pos));
        assert!(!(neg == INF_POS));
        assert!(!(pos == INF_POS));
        assert!(!(neg == INF_NEG));
        assert!(!(pos == INF_NEG));
        assert!(!(pos == neg));
        assert!(!(neg == pos));
        assert!(neg == neg);
        assert!(pos == pos);
        assert!(INF_NEG == INF_NEG);
        assert!(INF_POS == INF_POS);
    }
}

#[cfg(feature = "random")]
#[cfg(test)]
mod rand_tests {

    use super::*;
    use crate::defs::EXPONENT_MAX;

    #[test]
    fn test_rand() {
        for _ in 0..1000 {
            let p = rand::random::<usize>() % 1000 + DEFAULT_P;
            let exp_from;
            #[cfg(not(target_pointer_width = "32"))]
            {
                exp_from = rand::random::<Exponent>().abs();
            }
            #[cfg(target_pointer_width = "32")]
            {
                use crate::defs::EXPONENT_MIN;
                exp_from =
                    rand::random::<Exponent>().abs() % (EXPONENT_MAX - EXPONENT_MIN) + EXPONENT_MIN;
            }
            let exp_shift = if EXPONENT_MAX > exp_from {
                rand::random::<Exponent>().abs()
                    % (EXPONENT_MAX as isize - exp_from as isize) as Exponent
            } else {
                0
            };
            let exp_to = (exp_from as isize + exp_shift as isize) as Exponent;

            let n = BigFloat::random_normal(p, exp_from, exp_to);

            assert!(!n.is_subnormal());
            assert!(n.exponent().unwrap() >= exp_from && n.exponent().unwrap() <= exp_to);
            assert!(n.precision().unwrap() >= p);
        }
    }
}