Struct arccstr::ArcCStr

pub struct ArcCStr { /* fields omitted */ }

A thread-safe reference-counted null-terminated string.

The type ArcCStr provides shared ownership of a C-style null-terminated string allocated in the heap. Invoking clone on ArcCStr produces a new pointer to the same value in the heap. When the last ArcCStr pointer to a given string is destroyed, the pointed-to string is also destroyed. Behind the scenes, ArcCStr works much like Arc.

Strings pointed to using ArcCStr are meant to be immutable, and there therefore no mechanism is provided to get a mutable reference to the underlying string, even if there are no other pointers to the string in question.

ArcCStr uses atomic operations for reference counting, so ArcCStrs can be sent freely between threads. In other words, ArcCStr implements cheap Send for strings using the fact that CStr is Sync. ArcCStr tries to minimize the space overhead of this feature by sharing the string data. The disadvantage of this approach is that it requires atomic operations that are more expensive than ordinary memory accesses. Thus, if you have many threads accessing the same data, you may see contention. However, in the common case, using ArcCStr should still be faster than cloning the full string.

ArcCStr automatically dereferences to CStr (via the Deref trait), so you can call CStr's methods on a value of type ArcCStr. To avoid name clashes with CStr's methods, the methods of ArcCStr itself are associated functions, called using function-like syntax:

#![feature(try_from)]
use arccstr::ArcCStr;
use std::convert::TryFrom;
let mut my_arc = ArcCStr::try_from("foobar").unwrap();
ArcCStr::strong_count(&my_arc);

Examples

Sharing some immutable strings between threads:

#![feature(try_from)]
use std::convert::TryFrom;
use arccstr::ArcCStr;
use std::thread;

let five = ArcCStr::try_from("5").unwrap();

for _ in 0..10 {
    let five = five.clone();

    thread::spawn(move || {
        println!("{:?}", five);
    });
}

Methods

impl ArcCStr

pub fn strong_count(this: &Self) -> usize

Gets the number of pointers to this string.

Safety

This method by itself is safe, but using it correctly requires extra care. Another thread can change the strong count at any time, including potentially between calling this method and acting on the result.

Examples

#![feature(try_from)]
use std::convert::TryFrom;
use arccstr::ArcCStr;

let five = ArcCStr::try_from("5").unwrap();
let _also_five = five.clone();

// This assertion is deterministic because we haven't shared
// the `ArcCStr` between threads.
assert_eq!(2, ArcCStr::strong_count(&five));

pub fn ptr_eq(this: &Self, other: &Self) -> bool

Returns true if the two ArcCStrs point to the same value (not just values that compare as equal).

Examples

#![feature(try_from)]
use std::convert::TryFrom;
use arccstr::ArcCStr;

let five = ArcCStr::try_from("5").unwrap();
let same_five = five.clone();
let other_five = ArcCStr::try_from("5").unwrap();

assert!(ArcCStr::ptr_eq(&five, &same_five));
assert!(!ArcCStr::ptr_eq(&five, &other_five));

Methods from Deref<Target = CStr>

pub fn as_ptr(&self) -> *const i8

Returns the inner pointer to this C string.

The returned pointer will be valid for as long as self is, and points to a contiguous region of memory terminated with a 0 byte to represent the end of the string.

WARNING

It is your responsibility to make sure that the underlying memory is not freed too early. For example, the following code will cause undefined behavior when ptr is used inside the unsafe block:

use std::ffi::{CString};

let ptr = CString::new("Hello").unwrap().as_ptr();
unsafe {
    // `ptr` is dangling
    *ptr;
}

This happens because the pointer returned by as_ptr does not carry any lifetime information and the CString is deallocated immediately after the CString::new("Hello").unwrap().as_ptr() expression is evaluated. To fix the problem, bind the CString to a local variable:

use std::ffi::{CString};

let hello = CString::new("Hello").unwrap();
let ptr = hello.as_ptr();
unsafe {
    // `ptr` is valid because `hello` is in scope
    *ptr;
}

This way, the lifetime of the CString in hello encompasses the lifetime of ptr and the unsafe block.

Important traits for &'a mut [u8]

impl<'a> Write for &'a mut [u8]impl<'a> Read for &'a [u8]

pub fn to_bytes(&self) -> &[u8]

Converts this C string to a byte slice.

The returned slice will not contain the trailing nul terminator that this C string has.

Note: This method is currently implemented as a constant-time cast, but it is planned to alter its definition in the future to perform the length calculation whenever this method is called.

Examples

use std::ffi::CStr;

let c_str = CStr::from_bytes_with_nul(b"foo\0").unwrap();
assert_eq!(c_str.to_bytes(), b"foo");

Important traits for &'a mut [u8]

impl<'a> Write for &'a mut [u8]impl<'a> Read for &'a [u8]

pub fn to_bytes_with_nul(&self) -> &[u8]

Converts this C string to a byte slice containing the trailing 0 byte.

This function is the equivalent of to_bytes except that it will retain the trailing nul terminator instead of chopping it off.

Note: This method is currently implemented as a 0-cost cast, but it is planned to alter its definition in the future to perform the length calculation whenever this method is called.

Examples

use std::ffi::CStr;

let c_str = CStr::from_bytes_with_nul(b"foo\0").unwrap();
assert_eq!(c_str.to_bytes_with_nul(), b"foo\0");

pub fn to_str(&self) -> Result<&str, Utf8Error>

Yields a &str slice if the CStr contains valid UTF-8.

If the contents of the CStr are valid UTF-8 data, this function will return the corresponding &str slice. Otherwise, it will return an error with details of where UTF-8 validation failed.

Note: This method is currently implemented to check for validity after a constant-time cast, but it is planned to alter its definition in the future to perform the length calculation in addition to the UTF-8 check whenever this method is called.

Examples

use std::ffi::CStr;

let c_str = CStr::from_bytes_with_nul(b"foo\0").unwrap();
assert_eq!(c_str.to_str(), Ok("foo"));

pub fn to_string_lossy(&self) -> Cow<str>

Converts a CStr into a Cow<str>.

If the contents of the CStr are valid UTF-8 data, this function will return a Cow::Borrowed([&str]) with the the corresponding [&str] slice. Otherwise, it will replace any invalid UTF-8 sequences with U+FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTER and return a Cow::[Owned](String) with the result.

Note: This method is currently implemented to check for validity after a constant-time cast, but it is planned to alter its definition in the future to perform the length calculation in addition to the UTF-8 check whenever this method is called.

Examples

Calling to_string_lossy on a CStr containing valid UTF-8:

use std::borrow::Cow;
use std::ffi::CStr;

let c_str = CStr::from_bytes_with_nul(b"Hello World\0").unwrap();
assert_eq!(c_str.to_string_lossy(), Cow::Borrowed("Hello World"));

Calling to_string_lossy on a CStr containing invalid UTF-8:

use std::borrow::Cow;
use std::ffi::CStr;

let c_str = CStr::from_bytes_with_nul(b"Hello \xF0\x90\x80World\0").unwrap();
assert_eq!(
    c_str.to_string_lossy(),
    Cow::Owned(String::from("Hello �World")) as Cow<str>
);

Trait Implementations

impl Send for ArcCStr

impl Sync for ArcCStr

impl<'a> TryFrom<&'a [u8]> for ArcCStr

type Error = FromBytesWithNulError

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (try_from)

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.

fn try_from(b: &'a [u8]) -> Result<Self, Self::Error>

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (try_from)

Performs the conversion.

impl<'a> TryFrom<&'a str> for ArcCStr

type Error = FromBytesWithNulError

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (try_from)

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.

fn try_from(s: &'a str) -> Result<Self, Self::Error>

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (try_from)

Performs the conversion.

impl TryFrom<String> for ArcCStr

type Error = FromBytesWithNulError

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (try_from)

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.

fn try_from(s: String) -> Result<Self, Self::Error>

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (try_from)

Performs the conversion.

impl From<CString> for ArcCStr

fn from(s: CString) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl<'a> From<&'a CStr> for ArcCStr

fn from(s: &'a CStr) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl Clone for ArcCStr

fn clone(&self) -> ArcCStr

Makes a clone of the ArcCStr pointer.

This creates another pointer to the same underlying string, increasing the reference count.

Examples

#![feature(try_from)]
use std::convert::TryFrom;
use arccstr::ArcCStr;

let five = ArcCStr::try_from("5").unwrap();

five.clone();

fn clone_from(&mut self, source: &Self)

Performs copy-assignment from source.

impl Deref for ArcCStr

type Target = CStr

The resulting type after dereferencing.

fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target

Dereferences the value.

impl Drop for ArcCStr

fn drop(&mut self)

Drops the ArcCStr.

This will decrement the reference count. If the reference count reaches zero then we also deallocate the underlying string.

Examples

#![feature(try_from)]
use std::convert::TryFrom;
use arccstr::ArcCStr;

let foo  = ArcCStr::try_from("foo").unwrap();
let foo2 = foo.clone();

drop(foo);    // "foo" is still in memory
drop(foo2);   // "foo" is deallocated

impl PartialEq for ArcCStr

fn eq(&self, other: &ArcCStr) -> bool

Equality for two ArcCStrs.

Two ArcCStrs are equal if their underlying strings are equal.

Examples

#![feature(try_from)]
use std::convert::TryFrom;
use arccstr::ArcCStr;

let five = ArcCStr::try_from("5");

assert_eq!(five, ArcCStr::try_from("5"));
assert_ne!(five, ArcCStr::try_from("6"));

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for !=.

impl PartialOrd for ArcCStr

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &ArcCStr) -> Option<Ordering>

Partial comparison for two ArcCStrs.

The two are compared by calling partial_cmp() on their underlying strings.

Examples

#![feature(try_from)]
use arccstr::ArcCStr;
use std::cmp::Ordering;
use std::convert::TryFrom;

let five = ArcCStr::try_from("5").unwrap();

assert_eq!(Some(Ordering::Less), five.partial_cmp(&ArcCStr::try_from("6").unwrap()));

fn lt(&self, other: &ArcCStr) -> bool

Less-than comparison for two ArcCStrs.

The two are compared by calling < on their inner values.

Examples

#![feature(try_from)]
use std::convert::TryFrom;
use arccstr::ArcCStr;

let five = ArcCStr::try_from("5").unwrap();

assert!(five < ArcCStr::try_from("6").unwrap());

fn le(&self, other: &ArcCStr) -> bool

'Less than or equal to' comparison for two ArcCStrs.

The two are compared by calling <= on their underlying strings.

Examples

#![feature(try_from)]
use std::convert::TryFrom;
use arccstr::ArcCStr;

let five = ArcCStr::try_from("5").unwrap();

assert!(five <= ArcCStr::try_from("5").unwrap());

fn gt(&self, other: &ArcCStr) -> bool

Greater-than comparison for two ArcCStrs.

The two are compared by calling > on their underlying strings.

Examples

#![feature(try_from)]
use std::convert::TryFrom;
use arccstr::ArcCStr;

let five = ArcCStr::try_from("5").unwrap();

assert!(five > ArcCStr::try_from("4").unwrap());

fn ge(&self, other: &ArcCStr) -> bool

'Greater than or equal to' comparison for two ArcCStrs.

The two are compared by calling >= on their underlying strings.

Examples

#![feature(try_from)]
use std::convert::TryFrom;
use arccstr::ArcCStr;

let five = ArcCStr::try_from("5").unwrap();

assert!(five >= ArcCStr::try_from("5").unwrap());

impl Ord for ArcCStr

fn cmp(&self, other: &ArcCStr) -> Ordering

Comparison for two ArcCStrs.

The two are compared by calling cmp() on their underlying strings.

Examples

#![feature(try_from)]
use arccstr::ArcCStr;
use std::cmp::Ordering;
use std::convert::TryFrom;

let five = ArcCStr::try_from("5").unwrap();

assert_eq!(Ordering::Less, five.cmp(&ArcCStr::try_from("6").unwrap()));

fn max(self, other: Self) -> Self

Compares and returns the maximum of two values.

fn min(self, other: Self) -> Self

Compares and returns the minimum of two values.

impl Eq for ArcCStr

impl Debug for ArcCStr

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> Result

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl Pointer for ArcCStr

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> Result

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl Hash for ArcCStr

fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H)

Feeds this value into the given [Hasher].

fn hash_slice<H>(data: &[Self], state: &mut H) where
    H: Hasher, 

Feeds a slice of this type into the given [Hasher].

impl Borrow<CStr> for ArcCStr

fn borrow(&self) -> &CStr

Immutably borrows from an owned value.

impl AsRef<CStr> for ArcCStr

fn as_ref(&self) -> &CStr

Performs the conversion.

impl Serialize for ArcCStr

fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error> where
    S: Serializer, 

Serialize this value into the given Serde serializer.

impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for ArcCStr

fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<ArcCStr, D::Error> where
    D: Deserializer<'de>, 

Deserialize this value from the given Serde deserializer.