Struct apple_codesign::MachOBinary
source · Expand description
A Mach-O binary.
Fields§
§index: Option<usize>Index within a fat binary this Mach-O resides at.
If None, this is not inside a fat binary.
macho: MachO<'a>The parsed Mach-O binary.
data: &'a [u8]The raw data backing the Mach-O binary.
Implementations§
source§impl<'a> MachOBinary<'a>
impl<'a> MachOBinary<'a>
sourcepub fn parse(data: &'a [u8]) -> Result<Self, AppleCodesignError>
pub fn parse(data: &'a [u8]) -> Result<Self, AppleCodesignError>
Parse a non-universal Mach-O binary from raw data.
Examples found in repository?
src/macho_signing.rs (line 319)
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pub fn write_signed_binary(
&self,
settings: &SigningSettings,
writer: &mut impl Write,
) -> Result<(), AppleCodesignError> {
// Implementing a true streaming writer requires calculating final sizes
// of all binaries so fat header offsets and sizes can be written first. We take
// the easy road and buffer individual Mach-O binaries internally.
let binaries = self
.machos
.iter()
.enumerate()
.map(|(index, original_macho)| {
info!("signing Mach-O binary at index {}", index);
let settings =
settings.as_nested_macho_settings(index, original_macho.macho.header.cputype());
let signature_len = original_macho.estimate_embedded_signature_size(&settings)?;
// Derive an intermediate Mach-O with placeholder NULLs for signature
// data so Code Directory digests over the load commands are correct.
let placeholder_signature_data = b"\0".repeat(signature_len);
let intermediate_macho_data =
create_macho_with_signature(original_macho, &placeholder_signature_data)?;
// A nice side-effect of this is that it catches bugs if we write malformed Mach-O!
let intermediate_macho = MachOBinary::parse(&intermediate_macho_data)?;
let mut signature_data = self.create_superblob(&settings, &intermediate_macho)?;
info!("total signature size: {} bytes", signature_data.len());
// The Mach-O writer adjusts load commands based on the signature length. So pad
// with NULLs to get to our placeholder length.
match signature_data.len().cmp(&placeholder_signature_data.len()) {
Ordering::Greater => {
return Err(AppleCodesignError::SignatureDataTooLarge);
}
Ordering::Equal => {}
Ordering::Less => {
signature_data.extend_from_slice(
&b"\0".repeat(placeholder_signature_data.len() - signature_data.len()),
);
}
}
create_macho_with_signature(&intermediate_macho, &signature_data)
})
.collect::<Result<Vec<_>, AppleCodesignError>>()?;
if binaries.len() > 1 {
create_universal_macho(writer, binaries.iter().map(|x| x.as_slice()))?;
} else {
writer.write_all(&binaries[0])?;
}
Ok(())
}source§impl<'a> MachOBinary<'a>
impl<'a> MachOBinary<'a>
sourcepub fn find_signature_data(
&self
) -> Result<Option<MachOSignatureData<'a>>, AppleCodesignError>
pub fn find_signature_data(
&self
) -> Result<Option<MachOSignatureData<'a>>, AppleCodesignError>
Attempt to extract a reference to raw signature data in a Mach-O binary.
An LC_CODE_SIGNATURE load command in the Mach-O file header points to
signature data in the __LINKEDIT segment.
This function is used as part of parsing signature data. You probably want to use a function that parses referenced data.
Examples found in repository?
More examples
src/reader.rs (line 891)
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fn resolve_macho_entity(macho: MachOBinary) -> Result<MachOEntity, AppleCodesignError> {
let mut entity = MachOEntity::default();
if let Some(sig) = macho.find_signature_data()? {
entity.linkedit_segment_file_start_offset = Some(sig.linkedit_segment_start_offset);
entity.linkedit_segment_file_end_offset = Some(sig.linkedit_segment_end_offset);
entity.signature_file_start_offset = Some(sig.linkedit_signature_start_offset);
entity.signature_file_end_offset = Some(sig.linkedit_signature_end_offset);
entity.signature_linkedit_start_offset = Some(sig.signature_start_offset);
entity.signature_linkedit_end_offset = Some(sig.signature_end_offset);
}
if let Some(sig) = macho.code_signature()? {
entity.signature = Some(sig.try_into()?);
}
Ok(entity)
}src/verify.rs (line 254)
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fn verify_macho_internal(
macho: &MachOBinary,
context: VerificationContext,
) -> Vec<VerificationProblem> {
let signature_data = match macho.find_signature_data() {
Ok(Some(data)) => data,
Ok(None) => {
return vec![VerificationProblem {
context,
problem: VerificationProblemType::NoMachOSignatureData,
}];
}
Err(e) => {
return vec![VerificationProblem {
context,
problem: VerificationProblemType::MachOSignatureError(e),
}];
}
};
let mut problems = vec![];
// __LINKEDIT segment should be the last segment.
if signature_data.linkedit_segment_index != macho.macho.segments.len() - 1 {
problems.push(VerificationProblem {
context: context.clone(),
problem: VerificationProblemType::LinkeditNotLastSegment,
});
}
// Signature data should be the last data in the __LINKEDIT segment.
if signature_data.signature_end_offset != signature_data.linkedit_segment_data.len() {
problems.push(VerificationProblem {
context: context.clone(),
problem: VerificationProblemType::SignatureNotLastLinkeditData,
});
}
let signature = match macho.code_signature() {
Ok(Some(signature)) => signature,
Ok(None) => {
panic!("no signature should have been handled above");
}
Err(e) => {
problems.push(VerificationProblem {
context,
problem: VerificationProblemType::MachOSignatureError(e),
});
// Can't do anything more if we couldn't parse the signature data.
return problems;
}
};
match signature.signature_data() {
Ok(Some(cms_blob)) => {
problems.extend(verify_cms_signature(cms_blob, context.clone()));
}
Ok(None) => problems.push(VerificationProblem {
context: context.clone(),
problem: VerificationProblemType::NoCryptographicSignature,
}),
Err(e) => {
problems.push(VerificationProblem {
context: context.clone(),
problem: VerificationProblemType::MachOSignatureError(e),
});
}
}
match signature.code_directory() {
Ok(Some(cd)) => {
problems.extend(verify_code_directory(macho, &signature, &cd, context));
}
Ok(None) => {
problems.push(VerificationProblem {
context,
problem: VerificationProblemType::NoCodeDirectory,
});
}
Err(e) => {
problems.push(VerificationProblem {
context,
problem: VerificationProblemType::MachOSignatureError(e),
});
}
}
problems
}src/cli.rs (line 1413)
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fn command_extract(args: &ArgMatches) -> Result<(), AppleCodesignError> {
let path = args
.get_one::<String>("path")
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::CliBadArgument)?;
let format = args
.get_one::<String>("data")
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::CliBadArgument)?;
let index = args.get_one::<String>("universal_index").unwrap();
let index = usize::from_str(index).map_err(|_| AppleCodesignError::CliBadArgument)?;
let data = std::fs::read(path)?;
let mach = MachFile::parse(&data)?;
let macho = mach.nth_macho(index)?;
match format.as_str() {
"blobs" => {
let embedded = macho
.code_signature()?
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::BinaryNoCodeSignature)?;
for blob in embedded.blobs {
let parsed = blob.into_parsed_blob()?;
println!("{parsed:#?}");
}
}
"cms-info" => {
let embedded = macho
.code_signature()?
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::BinaryNoCodeSignature)?;
if let Some(cms) = embedded.signature_data()? {
let signed_data = SignedData::parse_ber(cms)?;
let cd_data = if let Ok(Some(blob)) = embedded.code_directory() {
Some(blob.to_blob_bytes()?)
} else {
None
};
print_signed_data("", &signed_data, cd_data)?;
} else {
eprintln!("no CMS data");
}
}
"cms-pem" => {
let embedded = macho
.code_signature()?
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::BinaryNoCodeSignature)?;
if let Some(cms) = embedded.signature_data()? {
print!(
"{}",
pem::encode(&pem::Pem {
tag: "PKCS7".to_string(),
contents: cms.to_vec(),
})
);
} else {
eprintln!("no CMS data");
}
}
"cms-raw" => {
let embedded = macho
.code_signature()?
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::BinaryNoCodeSignature)?;
if let Some(cms) = embedded.signature_data()? {
std::io::stdout().write_all(cms)?;
} else {
eprintln!("no CMS data");
}
}
"cms" => {
let embedded = macho
.code_signature()?
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::BinaryNoCodeSignature)?;
if let Some(signed_data) = embedded.signed_data()? {
println!("{signed_data:#?}");
} else {
eprintln!("no CMS data");
}
}
"code-directory-raw" => {
let embedded = macho
.code_signature()?
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::BinaryNoCodeSignature)?;
if let Some(blob) = embedded.find_slot(CodeSigningSlot::CodeDirectory) {
std::io::stdout().write_all(blob.data)?;
} else {
eprintln!("no code directory");
}
}
"code-directory-serialized-raw" => {
let embedded = macho
.code_signature()?
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::BinaryNoCodeSignature)?;
if let Ok(Some(cd)) = embedded.code_directory() {
std::io::stdout().write_all(&cd.to_blob_bytes()?)?;
} else {
eprintln!("no code directory");
}
}
"code-directory-serialized" => {
let embedded = macho
.code_signature()?
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::BinaryNoCodeSignature)?;
if let Ok(Some(cd)) = embedded.code_directory() {
let serialized = cd.to_blob_bytes()?;
println!("{:#?}", CodeDirectoryBlob::from_blob_bytes(&serialized)?);
}
}
"code-directory" => {
let embedded = macho
.code_signature()?
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::BinaryNoCodeSignature)?;
if let Some(cd) = embedded.code_directory()? {
println!("{cd:#?}");
} else {
eprintln!("no code directory");
}
}
"linkedit-info" => {
let sig = macho
.find_signature_data()?
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::BinaryNoCodeSignature)?;
println!("__LINKEDIT segment index: {}", sig.linkedit_segment_index);
println!(
"__LINKEDIT segment start offset: {}",
sig.linkedit_segment_start_offset
);
println!(
"__LINKEDIT segment end offset: {}",
sig.linkedit_segment_end_offset
);
println!(
"__LINKEDIT segment size: {}",
sig.linkedit_segment_data.len()
);
println!(
"__LINKEDIT signature global start offset: {}",
sig.linkedit_signature_start_offset
);
println!(
"__LINKEDIT signature global end offset: {}",
sig.linkedit_signature_end_offset
);
println!(
"__LINKEDIT signature local segment start offset: {}",
sig.signature_start_offset
);
println!(
"__LINKEDIT signature local segment end offset: {}",
sig.signature_end_offset
);
println!("__LINKEDIT signature size: {}", sig.signature_data.len());
}
"linkedit-segment-raw" => {
let sig = macho
.find_signature_data()?
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::BinaryNoCodeSignature)?;
std::io::stdout().write_all(sig.linkedit_segment_data)?;
}
"macho-load-commands" => {
println!("load command count: {}", macho.macho.load_commands.len());
for command in &macho.macho.load_commands {
println!(
"{}; offsets=0x{:x}-0x{:x} ({}-{}); size={}",
goblin::mach::load_command::cmd_to_str(command.command.cmd()),
command.offset,
command.offset + command.command.cmdsize(),
command.offset,
command.offset + command.command.cmdsize(),
command.command.cmdsize(),
);
}
}
"macho-segments" => {
println!("segments count: {}", macho.macho.segments.len());
for (segment_index, segment) in macho.macho.segments.iter().enumerate() {
let sections = segment.sections()?;
println!(
"segment #{}; {}; offsets=0x{:x}-0x{:x}; vm/file size {}/{}; section count {}",
segment_index,
segment.name()?,
segment.fileoff,
segment.fileoff as usize + segment.data.len(),
segment.vmsize,
segment.filesize,
sections.len()
);
for (section_index, (section, _)) in sections.into_iter().enumerate() {
println!(
"segment #{}; section #{}: {}; segment offsets=0x{:x}-0x{:x} size {}",
segment_index,
section_index,
section.name()?,
section.offset,
section.offset as u64 + section.size,
section.size
);
}
}
}
"macho-target" => {
if let Some(target) = macho.find_targeting()? {
println!("Platform: {}", target.platform);
println!("Minimum OS: {}", target.minimum_os_version);
println!("SDK: {}", target.sdk_version);
} else {
println!("Unable to resolve Mach-O targeting from load commands");
}
}
"requirements-raw" => {
let embedded = macho
.code_signature()?
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::BinaryNoCodeSignature)?;
if let Some(blob) = embedded.find_slot(CodeSigningSlot::RequirementSet) {
std::io::stdout().write_all(blob.data)?;
} else {
eprintln!("no requirements");
}
}
"requirements-rust" => {
let embedded = macho
.code_signature()?
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::BinaryNoCodeSignature)?;
if let Some(reqs) = embedded.code_requirements()? {
for (typ, req) in &reqs.requirements {
for expr in req.parse_expressions()?.iter() {
println!("{typ} => {expr:#?}");
}
}
} else {
eprintln!("no requirements");
}
}
"requirements-serialized-raw" => {
let embedded = macho
.code_signature()?
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::BinaryNoCodeSignature)?;
if let Some(reqs) = embedded.code_requirements()? {
std::io::stdout().write_all(&reqs.to_blob_bytes()?)?;
} else {
eprintln!("no requirements");
}
}
"requirements-serialized" => {
let embedded = macho
.code_signature()?
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::BinaryNoCodeSignature)?;
if let Some(reqs) = embedded.code_requirements()? {
let serialized = reqs.to_blob_bytes()?;
println!("{:#?}", RequirementSetBlob::from_blob_bytes(&serialized)?);
} else {
eprintln!("no requirements");
}
}
"requirements" => {
let embedded = macho
.code_signature()?
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::BinaryNoCodeSignature)?;
if let Some(reqs) = embedded.code_requirements()? {
for (typ, req) in &reqs.requirements {
for expr in req.parse_expressions()?.iter() {
println!("{typ} => {expr}");
}
}
} else {
eprintln!("no requirements");
}
}
"signature-raw" => {
let sig = macho
.find_signature_data()?
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::BinaryNoCodeSignature)?;
std::io::stdout().write_all(sig.signature_data)?;
}
"superblob" => {
let sig = macho
.find_signature_data()?
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::BinaryNoCodeSignature)?;
let embedded = macho
.code_signature()?
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::BinaryNoCodeSignature)?;
println!("file start offset: {}", sig.linkedit_signature_start_offset);
println!("file end offset: {}", sig.linkedit_signature_end_offset);
println!("__LINKEDIT start offset: {}", sig.signature_start_offset);
println!("__LINKEDIT end offset: {}", sig.signature_end_offset);
println!("length: {}", embedded.length);
println!("blob count: {}", embedded.count);
println!("blobs:");
for blob in embedded.blobs {
println!("- index: {}", blob.index);
println!(
" offsets: 0x{:x}-0x{:x} ({}-{})",
blob.offset,
blob.offset + blob.length - 1,
blob.offset,
blob.offset + blob.length - 1
);
println!(" length: {}", blob.length);
println!(" slot: {:?}", blob.slot);
println!(" magic: {:?} (0x{:x})", blob.magic, u32::from(blob.magic));
println!(
" sha1: {}",
hex::encode(blob.digest_with(DigestType::Sha1)?)
);
println!(
" sha256: {}",
hex::encode(blob.digest_with(DigestType::Sha256)?)
);
println!(
" sha256-truncated: {}",
hex::encode(blob.digest_with(DigestType::Sha256Truncated)?)
);
println!(
" sha384: {}",
hex::encode(blob.digest_with(DigestType::Sha384)?),
);
println!(
" sha512: {}",
hex::encode(blob.digest_with(DigestType::Sha512)?),
);
println!(
" sha1-base64: {}",
base64::encode(blob.digest_with(DigestType::Sha1)?)
);
println!(
" sha256-base64: {}",
base64::encode(blob.digest_with(DigestType::Sha256)?)
);
println!(
" sha256-truncated-base64: {}",
base64::encode(blob.digest_with(DigestType::Sha256Truncated)?)
);
println!(
" sha384-base64: {}",
base64::encode(blob.digest_with(DigestType::Sha384)?)
);
println!(
" sha512-base64: {}",
base64::encode(blob.digest_with(DigestType::Sha512)?)
);
}
}
_ => panic!("unhandled format: {format}"),
}
Ok(())
}sourcepub fn code_signature(
&self
) -> Result<Option<EmbeddedSignature<'_>>, AppleCodesignError>
pub fn code_signature(
&self
) -> Result<Option<EmbeddedSignature<'_>>, AppleCodesignError>
Obtain the code signature in the entity.
Returns Ok(None) if no signature exists, Ok(Some) if it does, or
Err if there is a parse error.
Examples found in repository?
src/reader.rs (line 900)
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fn resolve_macho_entity(macho: MachOBinary) -> Result<MachOEntity, AppleCodesignError> {
let mut entity = MachOEntity::default();
if let Some(sig) = macho.find_signature_data()? {
entity.linkedit_segment_file_start_offset = Some(sig.linkedit_segment_start_offset);
entity.linkedit_segment_file_end_offset = Some(sig.linkedit_segment_end_offset);
entity.signature_file_start_offset = Some(sig.linkedit_signature_start_offset);
entity.signature_file_end_offset = Some(sig.linkedit_signature_end_offset);
entity.signature_linkedit_start_offset = Some(sig.signature_start_offset);
entity.signature_linkedit_end_offset = Some(sig.signature_end_offset);
}
if let Some(sig) = macho.code_signature()? {
entity.signature = Some(sig.try_into()?);
}
Ok(entity)
}More examples
src/bundle_signing.rs (line 177)
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pub fn parse_data(data: &[u8]) -> Result<Self, AppleCodesignError> {
// Initial Mach-O's signature data is used.
let mach = MachFile::parse(data)?;
let macho = mach.nth_macho(0)?;
let signature = macho
.code_signature()?
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::BinaryNoCodeSignature)?;
let code_directory_blob = signature.preferred_code_directory()?.to_blob_bytes()?;
let designated_code_requirement = if let Some(requirements) =
signature.code_requirements()?
{
if let Some(designated) = requirements.requirements.get(&RequirementType::Designated) {
let req = designated.parse_expressions()?;
Some(format!("{}", req[0]))
} else {
// In case no explicit requirements has been set, we use current file cdhashes.
let mut requirement_expr = None;
for macho in mach.iter_macho() {
let cd = macho
.code_signature()?
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::BinaryNoCodeSignature)?
.preferred_code_directory()?;
let digest_type = if cd.digest_type == DigestType::Sha256 {
DigestType::Sha256Truncated
} else {
cd.digest_type
};
let digest = digest_type.digest_data(&cd.to_blob_bytes()?)?;
let expression = Box::new(CodeRequirementExpression::CodeDirectoryHash(
Cow::from(digest),
));
if let Some(left_part) = requirement_expr {
requirement_expr = Some(Box::new(CodeRequirementExpression::Or(
left_part, expression,
)))
} else {
requirement_expr = Some(expression);
}
}
Some(format!(
"{}",
requirement_expr.expect("a Mach-O should have been present")
))
}
} else {
None
};
Ok(SignedMachOInfo {
code_directory_blob,
designated_code_requirement,
})
}src/verify.rs (line 288)
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fn verify_macho_internal(
macho: &MachOBinary,
context: VerificationContext,
) -> Vec<VerificationProblem> {
let signature_data = match macho.find_signature_data() {
Ok(Some(data)) => data,
Ok(None) => {
return vec![VerificationProblem {
context,
problem: VerificationProblemType::NoMachOSignatureData,
}];
}
Err(e) => {
return vec![VerificationProblem {
context,
problem: VerificationProblemType::MachOSignatureError(e),
}];
}
};
let mut problems = vec![];
// __LINKEDIT segment should be the last segment.
if signature_data.linkedit_segment_index != macho.macho.segments.len() - 1 {
problems.push(VerificationProblem {
context: context.clone(),
problem: VerificationProblemType::LinkeditNotLastSegment,
});
}
// Signature data should be the last data in the __LINKEDIT segment.
if signature_data.signature_end_offset != signature_data.linkedit_segment_data.len() {
problems.push(VerificationProblem {
context: context.clone(),
problem: VerificationProblemType::SignatureNotLastLinkeditData,
});
}
let signature = match macho.code_signature() {
Ok(Some(signature)) => signature,
Ok(None) => {
panic!("no signature should have been handled above");
}
Err(e) => {
problems.push(VerificationProblem {
context,
problem: VerificationProblemType::MachOSignatureError(e),
});
// Can't do anything more if we couldn't parse the signature data.
return problems;
}
};
match signature.signature_data() {
Ok(Some(cms_blob)) => {
problems.extend(verify_cms_signature(cms_blob, context.clone()));
}
Ok(None) => problems.push(VerificationProblem {
context: context.clone(),
problem: VerificationProblemType::NoCryptographicSignature,
}),
Err(e) => {
problems.push(VerificationProblem {
context: context.clone(),
problem: VerificationProblemType::MachOSignatureError(e),
});
}
}
match signature.code_directory() {
Ok(Some(cd)) => {
problems.extend(verify_code_directory(macho, &signature, &cd, context));
}
Ok(None) => {
problems.push(VerificationProblem {
context,
problem: VerificationProblemType::NoCodeDirectory,
});
}
Err(e) => {
problems.push(VerificationProblem {
context,
problem: VerificationProblemType::MachOSignatureError(e),
});
}
}
problems
}src/signing_settings.rs (line 793)
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pub fn import_settings_from_macho(&mut self, data: &[u8]) -> Result<(), AppleCodesignError> {
info!("inferring default signing settings from Mach-O binary");
for macho in MachFile::parse(data)?.into_iter() {
let index = macho.index.unwrap_or(0);
let scope_main = SettingsScope::Main;
let scope_index = SettingsScope::MultiArchIndex(index);
let scope_arch = SettingsScope::MultiArchCpuType(macho.macho.header.cputype());
// Older operating system versions don't have support for SHA-256 in
// signatures. If the minimum version targeting in the binary doesn't
// support SHA-256, we automatically change the digest targeting settings
// so the binary will be signed correctly.
if let Some(targeting) = macho.find_targeting()? {
let sha256_version = targeting.platform.sha256_digest_support()?;
if !sha256_version.matches(&targeting.minimum_os_version) {
info!(
"activating SHA-1 digests because minimum OS target {} is not {}",
targeting.minimum_os_version, sha256_version
);
// This logic is a bit wonky. We want SHA-1 to be present on all binaries
// within a fat binary. So if we need SHA-1 mode, we set the setting on the
// main scope and then clear any overrides on fat binary scopes so our
// settings are canonical.
self.set_digest_type(DigestType::Sha1);
self.add_extra_digest(scope_main.clone(), DigestType::Sha256);
self.extra_digests.remove(&scope_arch);
self.extra_digests.remove(&scope_index);
}
}
// The Mach-O can have embedded Info.plist data. Use it if available and not
// already defined in settings.
if let Some(info_plist) = macho.embedded_info_plist()? {
if self.info_plist_data(&scope_main).is_some()
|| self.info_plist_data(&scope_index).is_some()
|| self.info_plist_data(&scope_arch).is_some()
{
info!("using Info.plist data from settings");
} else {
info!("preserving Info.plist data already present in Mach-O");
self.set_info_plist_data(scope_index.clone(), info_plist);
}
}
if let Some(sig) = macho.code_signature()? {
if let Some(cd) = sig.code_directory()? {
if self.binary_identifier(&scope_main).is_some()
|| self.binary_identifier(&scope_index).is_some()
|| self.binary_identifier(&scope_arch).is_some()
{
info!("using binary identifier from settings");
} else {
info!("preserving existing binary identifier in Mach-O");
self.set_binary_identifier(scope_index.clone(), cd.ident);
}
if self.team_id.contains_key(&scope_main)
|| self.team_id.contains_key(&scope_index)
|| self.team_id.contains_key(&scope_arch)
{
info!("using team ID from settings");
} else if let Some(team_id) = cd.team_name {
info!("preserving team ID in existing Mach-O signature");
self.team_id
.insert(scope_index.clone(), team_id.to_string());
}
if self.code_signature_flags(&scope_main).is_some()
|| self.code_signature_flags(&scope_index).is_some()
|| self.code_signature_flags(&scope_arch).is_some()
{
info!("using code signature flags from settings");
} else if !cd.flags.is_empty() {
info!("preserving code signature flags in existing Mach-O signature");
self.set_code_signature_flags(scope_index.clone(), cd.flags);
}
if self.runtime_version(&scope_main).is_some()
|| self.runtime_version(&scope_index).is_some()
|| self.runtime_version(&scope_arch).is_some()
{
info!("using runtime version from settings");
} else if let Some(version) = cd.runtime {
info!("preserving runtime version in existing Mach-O signature");
self.set_runtime_version(
scope_index.clone(),
parse_version_nibbles(version),
);
}
}
if let Some(entitlements) = sig.entitlements()? {
if self.entitlements_plist(&scope_main).is_some()
|| self.entitlements_plist(&scope_index).is_some()
|| self.entitlements_plist(&scope_arch).is_some()
{
info!("using entitlements from settings");
} else {
info!("preserving existing entitlements in Mach-O");
self.set_entitlements_xml(
SettingsScope::MultiArchIndex(index),
entitlements.as_str(),
)?;
}
}
}
}
Ok(())
}src/cli.rs (line 1302)
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fn command_extract(args: &ArgMatches) -> Result<(), AppleCodesignError> {
let path = args
.get_one::<String>("path")
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::CliBadArgument)?;
let format = args
.get_one::<String>("data")
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::CliBadArgument)?;
let index = args.get_one::<String>("universal_index").unwrap();
let index = usize::from_str(index).map_err(|_| AppleCodesignError::CliBadArgument)?;
let data = std::fs::read(path)?;
let mach = MachFile::parse(&data)?;
let macho = mach.nth_macho(index)?;
match format.as_str() {
"blobs" => {
let embedded = macho
.code_signature()?
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::BinaryNoCodeSignature)?;
for blob in embedded.blobs {
let parsed = blob.into_parsed_blob()?;
println!("{parsed:#?}");
}
}
"cms-info" => {
let embedded = macho
.code_signature()?
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::BinaryNoCodeSignature)?;
if let Some(cms) = embedded.signature_data()? {
let signed_data = SignedData::parse_ber(cms)?;
let cd_data = if let Ok(Some(blob)) = embedded.code_directory() {
Some(blob.to_blob_bytes()?)
} else {
None
};
print_signed_data("", &signed_data, cd_data)?;
} else {
eprintln!("no CMS data");
}
}
"cms-pem" => {
let embedded = macho
.code_signature()?
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::BinaryNoCodeSignature)?;
if let Some(cms) = embedded.signature_data()? {
print!(
"{}",
pem::encode(&pem::Pem {
tag: "PKCS7".to_string(),
contents: cms.to_vec(),
})
);
} else {
eprintln!("no CMS data");
}
}
"cms-raw" => {
let embedded = macho
.code_signature()?
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::BinaryNoCodeSignature)?;
if let Some(cms) = embedded.signature_data()? {
std::io::stdout().write_all(cms)?;
} else {
eprintln!("no CMS data");
}
}
"cms" => {
let embedded = macho
.code_signature()?
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::BinaryNoCodeSignature)?;
if let Some(signed_data) = embedded.signed_data()? {
println!("{signed_data:#?}");
} else {
eprintln!("no CMS data");
}
}
"code-directory-raw" => {
let embedded = macho
.code_signature()?
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::BinaryNoCodeSignature)?;
if let Some(blob) = embedded.find_slot(CodeSigningSlot::CodeDirectory) {
std::io::stdout().write_all(blob.data)?;
} else {
eprintln!("no code directory");
}
}
"code-directory-serialized-raw" => {
let embedded = macho
.code_signature()?
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::BinaryNoCodeSignature)?;
if let Ok(Some(cd)) = embedded.code_directory() {
std::io::stdout().write_all(&cd.to_blob_bytes()?)?;
} else {
eprintln!("no code directory");
}
}
"code-directory-serialized" => {
let embedded = macho
.code_signature()?
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::BinaryNoCodeSignature)?;
if let Ok(Some(cd)) = embedded.code_directory() {
let serialized = cd.to_blob_bytes()?;
println!("{:#?}", CodeDirectoryBlob::from_blob_bytes(&serialized)?);
}
}
"code-directory" => {
let embedded = macho
.code_signature()?
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::BinaryNoCodeSignature)?;
if let Some(cd) = embedded.code_directory()? {
println!("{cd:#?}");
} else {
eprintln!("no code directory");
}
}
"linkedit-info" => {
let sig = macho
.find_signature_data()?
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::BinaryNoCodeSignature)?;
println!("__LINKEDIT segment index: {}", sig.linkedit_segment_index);
println!(
"__LINKEDIT segment start offset: {}",
sig.linkedit_segment_start_offset
);
println!(
"__LINKEDIT segment end offset: {}",
sig.linkedit_segment_end_offset
);
println!(
"__LINKEDIT segment size: {}",
sig.linkedit_segment_data.len()
);
println!(
"__LINKEDIT signature global start offset: {}",
sig.linkedit_signature_start_offset
);
println!(
"__LINKEDIT signature global end offset: {}",
sig.linkedit_signature_end_offset
);
println!(
"__LINKEDIT signature local segment start offset: {}",
sig.signature_start_offset
);
println!(
"__LINKEDIT signature local segment end offset: {}",
sig.signature_end_offset
);
println!("__LINKEDIT signature size: {}", sig.signature_data.len());
}
"linkedit-segment-raw" => {
let sig = macho
.find_signature_data()?
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::BinaryNoCodeSignature)?;
std::io::stdout().write_all(sig.linkedit_segment_data)?;
}
"macho-load-commands" => {
println!("load command count: {}", macho.macho.load_commands.len());
for command in &macho.macho.load_commands {
println!(
"{}; offsets=0x{:x}-0x{:x} ({}-{}); size={}",
goblin::mach::load_command::cmd_to_str(command.command.cmd()),
command.offset,
command.offset + command.command.cmdsize(),
command.offset,
command.offset + command.command.cmdsize(),
command.command.cmdsize(),
);
}
}
"macho-segments" => {
println!("segments count: {}", macho.macho.segments.len());
for (segment_index, segment) in macho.macho.segments.iter().enumerate() {
let sections = segment.sections()?;
println!(
"segment #{}; {}; offsets=0x{:x}-0x{:x}; vm/file size {}/{}; section count {}",
segment_index,
segment.name()?,
segment.fileoff,
segment.fileoff as usize + segment.data.len(),
segment.vmsize,
segment.filesize,
sections.len()
);
for (section_index, (section, _)) in sections.into_iter().enumerate() {
println!(
"segment #{}; section #{}: {}; segment offsets=0x{:x}-0x{:x} size {}",
segment_index,
section_index,
section.name()?,
section.offset,
section.offset as u64 + section.size,
section.size
);
}
}
}
"macho-target" => {
if let Some(target) = macho.find_targeting()? {
println!("Platform: {}", target.platform);
println!("Minimum OS: {}", target.minimum_os_version);
println!("SDK: {}", target.sdk_version);
} else {
println!("Unable to resolve Mach-O targeting from load commands");
}
}
"requirements-raw" => {
let embedded = macho
.code_signature()?
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::BinaryNoCodeSignature)?;
if let Some(blob) = embedded.find_slot(CodeSigningSlot::RequirementSet) {
std::io::stdout().write_all(blob.data)?;
} else {
eprintln!("no requirements");
}
}
"requirements-rust" => {
let embedded = macho
.code_signature()?
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::BinaryNoCodeSignature)?;
if let Some(reqs) = embedded.code_requirements()? {
for (typ, req) in &reqs.requirements {
for expr in req.parse_expressions()?.iter() {
println!("{typ} => {expr:#?}");
}
}
} else {
eprintln!("no requirements");
}
}
"requirements-serialized-raw" => {
let embedded = macho
.code_signature()?
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::BinaryNoCodeSignature)?;
if let Some(reqs) = embedded.code_requirements()? {
std::io::stdout().write_all(&reqs.to_blob_bytes()?)?;
} else {
eprintln!("no requirements");
}
}
"requirements-serialized" => {
let embedded = macho
.code_signature()?
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::BinaryNoCodeSignature)?;
if let Some(reqs) = embedded.code_requirements()? {
let serialized = reqs.to_blob_bytes()?;
println!("{:#?}", RequirementSetBlob::from_blob_bytes(&serialized)?);
} else {
eprintln!("no requirements");
}
}
"requirements" => {
let embedded = macho
.code_signature()?
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::BinaryNoCodeSignature)?;
if let Some(reqs) = embedded.code_requirements()? {
for (typ, req) in &reqs.requirements {
for expr in req.parse_expressions()?.iter() {
println!("{typ} => {expr}");
}
}
} else {
eprintln!("no requirements");
}
}
"signature-raw" => {
let sig = macho
.find_signature_data()?
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::BinaryNoCodeSignature)?;
std::io::stdout().write_all(sig.signature_data)?;
}
"superblob" => {
let sig = macho
.find_signature_data()?
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::BinaryNoCodeSignature)?;
let embedded = macho
.code_signature()?
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::BinaryNoCodeSignature)?;
println!("file start offset: {}", sig.linkedit_signature_start_offset);
println!("file end offset: {}", sig.linkedit_signature_end_offset);
println!("__LINKEDIT start offset: {}", sig.signature_start_offset);
println!("__LINKEDIT end offset: {}", sig.signature_end_offset);
println!("length: {}", embedded.length);
println!("blob count: {}", embedded.count);
println!("blobs:");
for blob in embedded.blobs {
println!("- index: {}", blob.index);
println!(
" offsets: 0x{:x}-0x{:x} ({}-{})",
blob.offset,
blob.offset + blob.length - 1,
blob.offset,
blob.offset + blob.length - 1
);
println!(" length: {}", blob.length);
println!(" slot: {:?}", blob.slot);
println!(" magic: {:?} (0x{:x})", blob.magic, u32::from(blob.magic));
println!(
" sha1: {}",
hex::encode(blob.digest_with(DigestType::Sha1)?)
);
println!(
" sha256: {}",
hex::encode(blob.digest_with(DigestType::Sha256)?)
);
println!(
" sha256-truncated: {}",
hex::encode(blob.digest_with(DigestType::Sha256Truncated)?)
);
println!(
" sha384: {}",
hex::encode(blob.digest_with(DigestType::Sha384)?),
);
println!(
" sha512: {}",
hex::encode(blob.digest_with(DigestType::Sha512)?),
);
println!(
" sha1-base64: {}",
base64::encode(blob.digest_with(DigestType::Sha1)?)
);
println!(
" sha256-base64: {}",
base64::encode(blob.digest_with(DigestType::Sha256)?)
);
println!(
" sha256-truncated-base64: {}",
base64::encode(blob.digest_with(DigestType::Sha256Truncated)?)
);
println!(
" sha384-base64: {}",
base64::encode(blob.digest_with(DigestType::Sha384)?)
);
println!(
" sha512-base64: {}",
base64::encode(blob.digest_with(DigestType::Sha512)?)
);
}
}
_ => panic!("unhandled format: {format}"),
}
Ok(())
}sourcepub fn executable_segment_boundary(
&self
) -> Result<(u64, u64), AppleCodesignError>
pub fn executable_segment_boundary(
&self
) -> Result<(u64, u64), AppleCodesignError>
Determine the start and end offset of the executable segment of a binary.
Examples found in repository?
src/macho_signing.rs (line 462)
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pub fn create_code_directory(
&self,
settings: &SigningSettings,
macho: &MachOBinary,
) -> Result<CodeDirectoryBlob<'static>, AppleCodesignError> {
// TODO support defining or filling in proper values for fields with
// static values.
let target = macho.find_targeting()?;
if let Some(target) = &target {
info!(
"binary targets {} >= {} with SDK {}",
target.platform, target.minimum_os_version, target.sdk_version,
);
}
let mut flags = CodeSignatureFlags::empty();
if let Some(additional) = settings.code_signature_flags(SettingsScope::Main) {
info!(
"adding code signature flags from signing settings: {:?}",
additional
);
flags |= additional;
}
// The adhoc flag is set when there is no CMS signature.
if settings.signing_key().is_none() {
info!("creating ad-hoc signature");
flags |= CodeSignatureFlags::ADHOC;
} else if flags.contains(CodeSignatureFlags::ADHOC) {
info!("removing ad-hoc code signature flag");
flags -= CodeSignatureFlags::ADHOC;
}
// Remove linker signed flag because we're not a linker.
if flags.contains(CodeSignatureFlags::LINKER_SIGNED) {
info!("removing linker signed flag from code signature (we're not a linker)");
flags -= CodeSignatureFlags::LINKER_SIGNED;
}
// Code limit fields hold the file offset at which code digests stop. This
// is the file offset in the `__LINKEDIT` segment when the embedded signature
// SuperBlob begins.
let (code_limit, code_limit_64) = match macho.code_limit_binary_offset()? {
x if x > u32::MAX as u64 => (0, Some(x)),
x => (x as u32, None),
};
let platform = 0;
let page_size = 4096u32;
let (exec_seg_base, exec_seg_limit) = macho.executable_segment_boundary()?;
let (exec_seg_base, exec_seg_limit) = (Some(exec_seg_base), Some(exec_seg_limit));
// Executable segment flags are wonky.
//
// Foremost, these flags are only present if the Mach-O binary is an executable. So not
// matter what the settings say, we don't set these flags unless the Mach-O file type
// is proper.
//
// Executable segment flags are also derived from an associated entitlements plist.
let exec_seg_flags = if macho.is_executable() {
if let Some(entitlements) = settings.entitlements_plist(SettingsScope::Main) {
let flags = plist_to_executable_segment_flags(entitlements);
if !flags.is_empty() {
info!("entitlements imply executable segment flags: {:?}", flags);
}
Some(flags | ExecutableSegmentFlags::MAIN_BINARY)
} else {
Some(ExecutableSegmentFlags::MAIN_BINARY)
}
} else {
None
};
// The runtime version is the SDK version from the targeting loader commands. Same
// u32 with nibbles encoding the version.
//
// If the runtime code signature flag is set, we also need to set the runtime version
// or else the activation of the hardened runtime is incomplete.
// If the settings defines a runtime version override, use it.
let runtime = match settings.runtime_version(SettingsScope::Main) {
Some(version) => {
info!(
"using hardened runtime version {} from signing settings",
version
);
Some(semver_to_macho_target_version(version))
}
None => None,
};
// If we still don't have a runtime but need one, derive from the target SDK.
let runtime = if runtime.is_none() && flags.contains(CodeSignatureFlags::RUNTIME) {
if let Some(target) = &target {
info!(
"using hardened runtime version {} derived from SDK version",
target.sdk_version
);
Some(semver_to_macho_target_version(&target.sdk_version))
} else {
warn!("hardened runtime version required but unable to derive suitable version; signature will likely fail Apple checks");
None
}
} else {
runtime
};
let code_hashes = macho
.code_digests(*settings.digest_type(), page_size as _)?
.into_iter()
.map(|v| Digest { data: v.into() })
.collect::<Vec<_>>();
let mut special_hashes = HashMap::new();
// There is no corresponding blob for the info plist data since it is provided
// externally to the embedded signature.
if let Some(data) = settings.info_plist_data(SettingsScope::Main) {
special_hashes.insert(
CodeSigningSlot::Info,
Digest {
data: settings.digest_type().digest_data(data)?.into(),
},
);
}
// There is no corresponding blob for resources data since it is provided
// externally to the embedded signature.
if let Some(data) = settings.code_resources_data(SettingsScope::Main) {
special_hashes.insert(
CodeSigningSlot::ResourceDir,
Digest {
data: settings.digest_type().digest_data(data)?.into(),
}
.to_owned(),
);
}
let ident = Cow::Owned(
settings
.binary_identifier(SettingsScope::Main)
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::NoIdentifier)?
.to_string(),
);
let team_name = settings.team_id().map(|x| Cow::Owned(x.to_string()));
let mut cd = CodeDirectoryBlob {
flags,
code_limit,
digest_size: settings.digest_type().hash_len()? as u8,
digest_type: *settings.digest_type(),
platform,
page_size,
code_limit_64,
exec_seg_base,
exec_seg_limit,
exec_seg_flags,
runtime,
ident,
team_name,
code_digests: code_hashes,
..Default::default()
};
for (slot, digest) in special_hashes {
cd.set_slot_digest(slot, digest)?;
}
cd.adjust_version(target);
cd.clear_newer_fields();
Ok(cd)
}sourcepub fn is_executable(&self) -> bool
pub fn is_executable(&self) -> bool
Whether this is an executable Mach-O file.
Examples found in repository?
src/macho_signing.rs (line 366)
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pub fn create_superblob(
&self,
settings: &SigningSettings,
macho: &MachOBinary,
) -> Result<Vec<u8>, AppleCodesignError> {
let mut builder = EmbeddedSignatureBuilder::default();
for (slot, blob) in self.create_special_blobs(settings, macho.is_executable())? {
builder.add_blob(slot, blob)?;
}
let code_directory = self.create_code_directory(settings, macho)?;
info!("code directory version: {}", code_directory.version);
builder.add_code_directory(CodeSigningSlot::CodeDirectory, code_directory)?;
if let Some(digests) = settings.extra_digests(SettingsScope::Main) {
for digest_type in digests {
// Since everything consults settings for the digest to use, just make a new settings
// with a different digest.
let mut alt_settings = settings.clone();
alt_settings.set_digest_type(*digest_type);
info!(
"adding alternative code directory using digest {:?}",
digest_type
);
let cd = self.create_code_directory(&alt_settings, macho)?;
builder.add_alternative_code_directory(cd)?;
}
}
if let Some((signing_key, signing_cert)) = settings.signing_key() {
builder.create_cms_signature(
signing_key,
signing_cert,
settings.time_stamp_url(),
settings.certificate_chain().iter().cloned(),
)?;
}
builder.create_superblob()
}
/// Create the `CodeDirectory` for the current configuration.
///
/// This takes an explicit Mach-O to operate on due to a circular dependency
/// between writing out the Mach-O and digesting its content. See the note
/// in [MachOSigner] for details.
pub fn create_code_directory(
&self,
settings: &SigningSettings,
macho: &MachOBinary,
) -> Result<CodeDirectoryBlob<'static>, AppleCodesignError> {
// TODO support defining or filling in proper values for fields with
// static values.
let target = macho.find_targeting()?;
if let Some(target) = &target {
info!(
"binary targets {} >= {} with SDK {}",
target.platform, target.minimum_os_version, target.sdk_version,
);
}
let mut flags = CodeSignatureFlags::empty();
if let Some(additional) = settings.code_signature_flags(SettingsScope::Main) {
info!(
"adding code signature flags from signing settings: {:?}",
additional
);
flags |= additional;
}
// The adhoc flag is set when there is no CMS signature.
if settings.signing_key().is_none() {
info!("creating ad-hoc signature");
flags |= CodeSignatureFlags::ADHOC;
} else if flags.contains(CodeSignatureFlags::ADHOC) {
info!("removing ad-hoc code signature flag");
flags -= CodeSignatureFlags::ADHOC;
}
// Remove linker signed flag because we're not a linker.
if flags.contains(CodeSignatureFlags::LINKER_SIGNED) {
info!("removing linker signed flag from code signature (we're not a linker)");
flags -= CodeSignatureFlags::LINKER_SIGNED;
}
// Code limit fields hold the file offset at which code digests stop. This
// is the file offset in the `__LINKEDIT` segment when the embedded signature
// SuperBlob begins.
let (code_limit, code_limit_64) = match macho.code_limit_binary_offset()? {
x if x > u32::MAX as u64 => (0, Some(x)),
x => (x as u32, None),
};
let platform = 0;
let page_size = 4096u32;
let (exec_seg_base, exec_seg_limit) = macho.executable_segment_boundary()?;
let (exec_seg_base, exec_seg_limit) = (Some(exec_seg_base), Some(exec_seg_limit));
// Executable segment flags are wonky.
//
// Foremost, these flags are only present if the Mach-O binary is an executable. So not
// matter what the settings say, we don't set these flags unless the Mach-O file type
// is proper.
//
// Executable segment flags are also derived from an associated entitlements plist.
let exec_seg_flags = if macho.is_executable() {
if let Some(entitlements) = settings.entitlements_plist(SettingsScope::Main) {
let flags = plist_to_executable_segment_flags(entitlements);
if !flags.is_empty() {
info!("entitlements imply executable segment flags: {:?}", flags);
}
Some(flags | ExecutableSegmentFlags::MAIN_BINARY)
} else {
Some(ExecutableSegmentFlags::MAIN_BINARY)
}
} else {
None
};
// The runtime version is the SDK version from the targeting loader commands. Same
// u32 with nibbles encoding the version.
//
// If the runtime code signature flag is set, we also need to set the runtime version
// or else the activation of the hardened runtime is incomplete.
// If the settings defines a runtime version override, use it.
let runtime = match settings.runtime_version(SettingsScope::Main) {
Some(version) => {
info!(
"using hardened runtime version {} from signing settings",
version
);
Some(semver_to_macho_target_version(version))
}
None => None,
};
// If we still don't have a runtime but need one, derive from the target SDK.
let runtime = if runtime.is_none() && flags.contains(CodeSignatureFlags::RUNTIME) {
if let Some(target) = &target {
info!(
"using hardened runtime version {} derived from SDK version",
target.sdk_version
);
Some(semver_to_macho_target_version(&target.sdk_version))
} else {
warn!("hardened runtime version required but unable to derive suitable version; signature will likely fail Apple checks");
None
}
} else {
runtime
};
let code_hashes = macho
.code_digests(*settings.digest_type(), page_size as _)?
.into_iter()
.map(|v| Digest { data: v.into() })
.collect::<Vec<_>>();
let mut special_hashes = HashMap::new();
// There is no corresponding blob for the info plist data since it is provided
// externally to the embedded signature.
if let Some(data) = settings.info_plist_data(SettingsScope::Main) {
special_hashes.insert(
CodeSigningSlot::Info,
Digest {
data: settings.digest_type().digest_data(data)?.into(),
},
);
}
// There is no corresponding blob for resources data since it is provided
// externally to the embedded signature.
if let Some(data) = settings.code_resources_data(SettingsScope::Main) {
special_hashes.insert(
CodeSigningSlot::ResourceDir,
Digest {
data: settings.digest_type().digest_data(data)?.into(),
}
.to_owned(),
);
}
let ident = Cow::Owned(
settings
.binary_identifier(SettingsScope::Main)
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::NoIdentifier)?
.to_string(),
);
let team_name = settings.team_id().map(|x| Cow::Owned(x.to_string()));
let mut cd = CodeDirectoryBlob {
flags,
code_limit,
digest_size: settings.digest_type().hash_len()? as u8,
digest_type: *settings.digest_type(),
platform,
page_size,
code_limit_64,
exec_seg_base,
exec_seg_limit,
exec_seg_flags,
runtime,
ident,
team_name,
code_digests: code_hashes,
..Default::default()
};
for (slot, digest) in special_hashes {
cd.set_slot_digest(slot, digest)?;
}
cd.adjust_version(target);
cd.clear_newer_fields();
Ok(cd)
}sourcepub fn code_signature_linkedit_start_offset(&self) -> Option<u32>
pub fn code_signature_linkedit_start_offset(&self) -> Option<u32>
The start offset of the code signature data within the __LINKEDIT segment.
Examples found in repository?
src/macho.rs (line 175)
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pub fn code_signature_linkedit_end_offset(&self) -> Option<u32> {
let start_offset = self.code_signature_linkedit_start_offset()?;
self.code_signature_load_command()
.map(|command| start_offset + command.datasize)
}
/// Obtain Mach-O segments by file offset order.
///
/// The header-defined order may vary by the file layout order. This ensures the ordering
/// is by file layout.
pub fn segments_by_file_offset(&self) -> Vec<&Segment<'a>> {
let mut segments = self.macho.segments.iter().collect::<Vec<_>>();
segments.sort_by(|a, b| a.fileoff.cmp(&b.fileoff));
segments
}
/// The byte offset within the binary at which point "code" stops.
///
/// If a signature is present, this is the offset of the start of the
/// signature. Else it represents the end of the binary.
pub fn code_limit_binary_offset(&self) -> Result<u64, AppleCodesignError> {
let last_segment = self
.segments_by_file_offset()
.last()
.copied()
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::MissingLinkedit)?;
if !matches!(last_segment.name(), Ok(SEG_LINKEDIT)) {
return Err(AppleCodesignError::LinkeditNotLast);
}
if let Some(offset) = self.code_signature_linkedit_start_offset() {
Ok(last_segment.fileoff + offset as u64)
} else {
Ok(last_segment.fileoff + last_segment.data.len() as u64)
}
}
/// Obtain __LINKEDIT segment data before the signature data.
///
/// If there is no signature, returns all the data for the __LINKEDIT segment.
pub fn linkedit_data_before_signature(&self) -> Option<&[u8]> {
let segment = self
.macho
.segments
.iter()
.find(|segment| matches!(segment.name(), Ok(SEG_LINKEDIT)));
if let Some(segment) = segment {
if let Some(offset) = self.code_signature_linkedit_start_offset() {
Some(&segment.data[0..offset as usize])
} else {
Some(segment.data)
}
} else {
None
}
}sourcepub fn code_signature_linkedit_end_offset(&self) -> Option<u32>
pub fn code_signature_linkedit_end_offset(&self) -> Option<u32>
The end offset of the code signature data within the __LINKEDIT segment.
Examples found in repository?
src/macho.rs (line 339)
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pub fn check_signing_capability(&self) -> Result<(), AppleCodesignError> {
let last_segment = self
.segments_by_file_offset()
.last()
.copied()
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::MissingLinkedit)?;
// Last segment needs to be __LINKEDIT so we don't have to write offsets.
if !matches!(last_segment.name(), Ok(SEG_LINKEDIT)) {
return Err(AppleCodesignError::LinkeditNotLast);
}
// Rules:
//
// 1. If there is an existing signature, there must be no data in
// the binary after it. (We don't know how to update references to
// other data to reflect offset changes.)
// 2. If there isn't an existing signature, there must be "room" between
// the last load command and the first section to write a new load
// command for the signature.
if let Some(offset) = self.code_signature_linkedit_end_offset() {
if offset as usize == last_segment.data.len() {
Ok(())
} else {
Err(AppleCodesignError::DataAfterSignature)
}
} else {
let last_load_command = self
.macho
.load_commands
.iter()
.last()
.ok_or_else(|| AppleCodesignError::InvalidBinary("no load commands".into()))?;
let first_section = self
.macho
.segments
.iter()
.map(|segment| segment.sections())
.collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?
.into_iter()
.flatten()
.next()
.ok_or_else(|| AppleCodesignError::InvalidBinary("no sections".into()))?;
let load_commands_end_offset =
last_load_command.offset + last_load_command.command.cmdsize();
if first_section.0.offset as usize - load_commands_end_offset
>= SIZEOF_LINKEDIT_DATA_COMMAND
{
Ok(())
} else {
Err(AppleCodesignError::LoadCommandNoRoom)
}
}
}sourcepub fn segments_by_file_offset(&self) -> Vec<&Segment<'a>> ⓘ
pub fn segments_by_file_offset(&self) -> Vec<&Segment<'a>> ⓘ
Obtain Mach-O segments by file offset order.
The header-defined order may vary by the file layout order. This ensures the ordering is by file layout.
Examples found in repository?
src/macho.rs (line 199)
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pub fn code_limit_binary_offset(&self) -> Result<u64, AppleCodesignError> {
let last_segment = self
.segments_by_file_offset()
.last()
.copied()
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::MissingLinkedit)?;
if !matches!(last_segment.name(), Ok(SEG_LINKEDIT)) {
return Err(AppleCodesignError::LinkeditNotLast);
}
if let Some(offset) = self.code_signature_linkedit_start_offset() {
Ok(last_segment.fileoff + offset as u64)
} else {
Ok(last_segment.fileoff + last_segment.data.len() as u64)
}
}
/// Obtain __LINKEDIT segment data before the signature data.
///
/// If there is no signature, returns all the data for the __LINKEDIT segment.
pub fn linkedit_data_before_signature(&self) -> Option<&[u8]> {
let segment = self
.macho
.segments
.iter()
.find(|segment| matches!(segment.name(), Ok(SEG_LINKEDIT)));
if let Some(segment) = segment {
if let Some(offset) = self.code_signature_linkedit_start_offset() {
Some(&segment.data[0..offset as usize])
} else {
Some(segment.data)
}
} else {
None
}
}
/// Obtain Mach-O binary data to be digested in code digests.
///
/// Returns the raw data whose digests will be captured by the Code Directory code digests.
pub fn digested_code_data(&self) -> Result<&[u8], AppleCodesignError> {
let code_limit = self.code_limit_binary_offset()?;
Ok(&self.data[0..code_limit as _])
}
/// Obtain the size in bytes of all code digests given a digest type and page size.
pub fn code_digests_size(
&self,
digest: DigestType,
page_size: usize,
) -> Result<usize, AppleCodesignError> {
let empty = digest.digest_data(b"")?;
Ok(self.digested_code_data()?.chunks(page_size).count() * empty.len())
}
/// Compute digests over code in this binary.
pub fn code_digests(
&self,
digest: DigestType,
page_size: usize,
) -> Result<Vec<Vec<u8>>, AppleCodesignError> {
let data = self.digested_code_data()?;
// Premature parallelism can be slower due to overhead of having to spin up threads.
// So only do parallel digests if we have enough data to warrant it.
if data.len() > 64 * 1024 * 1024 {
data.par_chunks(page_size)
.map(|c| digest.digest_data(c))
.collect::<Result<Vec<_>, AppleCodesignError>>()
} else {
self.digested_code_data()?
.chunks(page_size)
.map(|chunk| digest.digest_data(chunk))
.collect::<Result<Vec<_>, AppleCodesignError>>()
}
}
/// Resolve the load command for the code signature.
pub fn code_signature_load_command(&self) -> Option<LinkeditDataCommand> {
self.macho.load_commands.iter().find_map(|lc| {
if let CommandVariant::CodeSignature(command) = lc.command {
Some(command)
} else {
None
}
})
}
/// Attempt to locate embedded Info.plist data.
pub fn embedded_info_plist(&self) -> Result<Option<Vec<u8>>, AppleCodesignError> {
// Mach-O binaries can have the Info.plist data in an `__info_plist` section
// within the __TEXT segment.
for segment in &self.macho.segments {
if matches!(segment.name(), Ok(SEG_TEXT)) {
for (section, data) in segment.sections()? {
if matches!(section.name(), Ok("__info_plist")) {
return Ok(Some(data.to_vec()));
}
}
}
}
Ok(None)
}
/// Determines whether this crate is capable of signing a given Mach-O binary.
///
/// Code in this crate is limited in the amount of Mach-O binary manipulation
/// it can perform (supporting rewriting all valid Mach-O binaries effectively
/// requires low-level awareness of all Mach-O constructs in order to perform
/// offset manipulation). This function can be used to test signing
/// compatibility.
///
/// We currently only support signing Mach-O files already containing an
/// embedded signature. Often linked binaries automatically contain an embedded
/// signature containing just the code directory (without a cryptographically
/// signed signature), so this limitation hopefully isn't impactful.
pub fn check_signing_capability(&self) -> Result<(), AppleCodesignError> {
let last_segment = self
.segments_by_file_offset()
.last()
.copied()
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::MissingLinkedit)?;
// Last segment needs to be __LINKEDIT so we don't have to write offsets.
if !matches!(last_segment.name(), Ok(SEG_LINKEDIT)) {
return Err(AppleCodesignError::LinkeditNotLast);
}
// Rules:
//
// 1. If there is an existing signature, there must be no data in
// the binary after it. (We don't know how to update references to
// other data to reflect offset changes.)
// 2. If there isn't an existing signature, there must be "room" between
// the last load command and the first section to write a new load
// command for the signature.
if let Some(offset) = self.code_signature_linkedit_end_offset() {
if offset as usize == last_segment.data.len() {
Ok(())
} else {
Err(AppleCodesignError::DataAfterSignature)
}
} else {
let last_load_command = self
.macho
.load_commands
.iter()
.last()
.ok_or_else(|| AppleCodesignError::InvalidBinary("no load commands".into()))?;
let first_section = self
.macho
.segments
.iter()
.map(|segment| segment.sections())
.collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?
.into_iter()
.flatten()
.next()
.ok_or_else(|| AppleCodesignError::InvalidBinary("no sections".into()))?;
let load_commands_end_offset =
last_load_command.offset + last_load_command.command.cmdsize();
if first_section.0.offset as usize - load_commands_end_offset
>= SIZEOF_LINKEDIT_DATA_COMMAND
{
Ok(())
} else {
Err(AppleCodesignError::LoadCommandNoRoom)
}
}
}More examples
src/macho_signing.rs (line 163)
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fn create_macho_with_signature(
macho: &MachOBinary,
signature_data: &[u8],
) -> Result<Vec<u8>, AppleCodesignError> {
// This should have already been called. But we do it again out of paranoia.
macho.check_signing_capability()?;
// The assumption made by checking_signing_capability() is that signature data
// is at the end of the __LINKEDIT segment. So the replacement segment is the
// existing segment truncated at the signature start followed by the new signature
// data.
let new_linkedit_segment_size = macho
.linkedit_data_before_signature()
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::MissingLinkedit)?
.len()
+ signature_data.len();
// `codesign` rounds up the segment's vmsize to the nearest 16kb boundary.
// We emulate that behavior.
let remainder = new_linkedit_segment_size % 16384;
let new_linkedit_segment_vmsize = if remainder == 0 {
new_linkedit_segment_size
} else {
new_linkedit_segment_size + 16384 - remainder
};
assert!(new_linkedit_segment_vmsize >= new_linkedit_segment_size);
assert_eq!(new_linkedit_segment_vmsize % 16384, 0);
let mut cursor = std::io::Cursor::new(Vec::<u8>::new());
// Mach-O data structures are variable endian. So use the endian defined
// by the magic when writing.
let ctx = parse_magic_and_ctx(macho.data, 0)?
.1
.expect("context should have been parsed before");
// If there isn't a code signature presently, we'll need to introduce a load
// command for it.
let mut header = macho.macho.header;
if macho.code_signature_load_command().is_none() {
header.ncmds += 1;
header.sizeofcmds += SIZEOF_LINKEDIT_DATA_COMMAND as u32;
}
cursor.iowrite_with(header, ctx)?;
// Following the header are load commands. We need to update load commands
// to reflect changes to the signature size and __LINKEDIT segment size.
let mut seen_signature_load_command = false;
for load_command in &macho.macho.load_commands {
let original_command_data =
&macho.data[load_command.offset..load_command.offset + load_command.command.cmdsize()];
let written_len = match &load_command.command {
CommandVariant::CodeSignature(command) => {
seen_signature_load_command = true;
let mut command = *command;
command.datasize = signature_data.len() as _;
cursor.iowrite_with(command, ctx.le)?;
LinkeditDataCommand::size_with(&ctx.le)
}
CommandVariant::Segment32(segment) => {
let segment = match segment.name() {
Ok(SEG_LINKEDIT) => {
let mut segment = *segment;
segment.filesize = new_linkedit_segment_size as _;
segment.vmsize = new_linkedit_segment_vmsize as _;
segment
}
_ => *segment,
};
cursor.iowrite_with(segment, ctx.le)?;
SegmentCommand32::size_with(&ctx.le)
}
CommandVariant::Segment64(segment) => {
let segment = match segment.name() {
Ok(SEG_LINKEDIT) => {
let mut segment = *segment;
segment.filesize = new_linkedit_segment_size as _;
segment.vmsize = new_linkedit_segment_vmsize as _;
segment
}
_ => *segment,
};
cursor.iowrite_with(segment, ctx.le)?;
SegmentCommand64::size_with(&ctx.le)
}
_ => {
// Reflect the original bytes.
cursor.write_all(original_command_data)?;
original_command_data.len()
}
};
// For the commands we mutated ourselves, there may be more data after the
// load command header. Write it out if present.
cursor.write_all(&original_command_data[written_len..])?;
}
// If we didn't see a signature load command, write one out now.
if !seen_signature_load_command {
let command = LinkeditDataCommand {
cmd: LC_CODE_SIGNATURE,
cmdsize: SIZEOF_LINKEDIT_DATA_COMMAND as _,
dataoff: macho.code_limit_binary_offset()? as _,
datasize: signature_data.len() as _,
};
cursor.iowrite_with(command, ctx.le)?;
}
// Write out segments, updating the __LINKEDIT segment when we encounter it.
for segment in macho.segments_by_file_offset() {
// The initial __PAGEZERO segment contains no data (it is the magic and load
// commands) and overlaps with the __TEXT segment, which has .fileoff =0, so
// we ignore it.
if matches!(segment.name(), Ok(SEG_PAGEZERO)) {
continue;
}
match cursor.position().cmp(&segment.fileoff) {
// Mach-O segments may have padding between them. In this case, copy these
// bytes (presumably NULLs but that isn't guaranteed) to the output.
Ordering::Less => {
let padding = &macho.data[cursor.position() as usize..segment.fileoff as usize];
debug!(
"copying {} bytes outside segment boundaries before segment {}",
padding.len(),
segment.name().unwrap_or("<unknown>")
);
cursor.write_all(padding)?;
}
// The __TEXT segment usually has .fileoff = 0, which has it overlapping with
// already written data. Allow this special case through.
Ordering::Greater if segment.fileoff == 0 => {}
// The writer has overran into this segment. That means we screwed up on a
// previous loop iteration.
Ordering::Greater => {
return Err(AppleCodesignError::MachOWrite(format!(
"Mach-O segment corruption: cursor at 0x{:x} but segment begins at 0x{:x} (please report this bug)",
cursor.position(),
segment.fileoff
)));
}
Ordering::Equal => {}
}
assert!(segment.fileoff == 0 || segment.fileoff == cursor.position());
match segment.name() {
Ok(SEG_LINKEDIT) => {
cursor.write_all(
macho
.linkedit_data_before_signature()
.expect("__LINKEDIT segment data should resolve"),
)?;
cursor.write_all(signature_data)?;
}
_ => {
// At least the __TEXT segment has .fileoff = 0, which has it
// overlapping with already written data. So only write segment
// data new to the writer.
if segment.fileoff < cursor.position() {
if segment.data.is_empty() {
continue;
}
let remaining =
&segment.data[cursor.position() as usize..segment.filesize as usize];
cursor.write_all(remaining)?;
} else {
cursor.write_all(segment.data)?;
}
}
}
}
Ok(cursor.into_inner())
}sourcepub fn code_limit_binary_offset(&self) -> Result<u64, AppleCodesignError>
pub fn code_limit_binary_offset(&self) -> Result<u64, AppleCodesignError>
The byte offset within the binary at which point “code” stops.
If a signature is present, this is the offset of the start of the signature. Else it represents the end of the binary.
Examples found in repository?
More examples
src/macho_signing.rs (line 155)
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fn create_macho_with_signature(
macho: &MachOBinary,
signature_data: &[u8],
) -> Result<Vec<u8>, AppleCodesignError> {
// This should have already been called. But we do it again out of paranoia.
macho.check_signing_capability()?;
// The assumption made by checking_signing_capability() is that signature data
// is at the end of the __LINKEDIT segment. So the replacement segment is the
// existing segment truncated at the signature start followed by the new signature
// data.
let new_linkedit_segment_size = macho
.linkedit_data_before_signature()
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::MissingLinkedit)?
.len()
+ signature_data.len();
// `codesign` rounds up the segment's vmsize to the nearest 16kb boundary.
// We emulate that behavior.
let remainder = new_linkedit_segment_size % 16384;
let new_linkedit_segment_vmsize = if remainder == 0 {
new_linkedit_segment_size
} else {
new_linkedit_segment_size + 16384 - remainder
};
assert!(new_linkedit_segment_vmsize >= new_linkedit_segment_size);
assert_eq!(new_linkedit_segment_vmsize % 16384, 0);
let mut cursor = std::io::Cursor::new(Vec::<u8>::new());
// Mach-O data structures are variable endian. So use the endian defined
// by the magic when writing.
let ctx = parse_magic_and_ctx(macho.data, 0)?
.1
.expect("context should have been parsed before");
// If there isn't a code signature presently, we'll need to introduce a load
// command for it.
let mut header = macho.macho.header;
if macho.code_signature_load_command().is_none() {
header.ncmds += 1;
header.sizeofcmds += SIZEOF_LINKEDIT_DATA_COMMAND as u32;
}
cursor.iowrite_with(header, ctx)?;
// Following the header are load commands. We need to update load commands
// to reflect changes to the signature size and __LINKEDIT segment size.
let mut seen_signature_load_command = false;
for load_command in &macho.macho.load_commands {
let original_command_data =
&macho.data[load_command.offset..load_command.offset + load_command.command.cmdsize()];
let written_len = match &load_command.command {
CommandVariant::CodeSignature(command) => {
seen_signature_load_command = true;
let mut command = *command;
command.datasize = signature_data.len() as _;
cursor.iowrite_with(command, ctx.le)?;
LinkeditDataCommand::size_with(&ctx.le)
}
CommandVariant::Segment32(segment) => {
let segment = match segment.name() {
Ok(SEG_LINKEDIT) => {
let mut segment = *segment;
segment.filesize = new_linkedit_segment_size as _;
segment.vmsize = new_linkedit_segment_vmsize as _;
segment
}
_ => *segment,
};
cursor.iowrite_with(segment, ctx.le)?;
SegmentCommand32::size_with(&ctx.le)
}
CommandVariant::Segment64(segment) => {
let segment = match segment.name() {
Ok(SEG_LINKEDIT) => {
let mut segment = *segment;
segment.filesize = new_linkedit_segment_size as _;
segment.vmsize = new_linkedit_segment_vmsize as _;
segment
}
_ => *segment,
};
cursor.iowrite_with(segment, ctx.le)?;
SegmentCommand64::size_with(&ctx.le)
}
_ => {
// Reflect the original bytes.
cursor.write_all(original_command_data)?;
original_command_data.len()
}
};
// For the commands we mutated ourselves, there may be more data after the
// load command header. Write it out if present.
cursor.write_all(&original_command_data[written_len..])?;
}
// If we didn't see a signature load command, write one out now.
if !seen_signature_load_command {
let command = LinkeditDataCommand {
cmd: LC_CODE_SIGNATURE,
cmdsize: SIZEOF_LINKEDIT_DATA_COMMAND as _,
dataoff: macho.code_limit_binary_offset()? as _,
datasize: signature_data.len() as _,
};
cursor.iowrite_with(command, ctx.le)?;
}
// Write out segments, updating the __LINKEDIT segment when we encounter it.
for segment in macho.segments_by_file_offset() {
// The initial __PAGEZERO segment contains no data (it is the magic and load
// commands) and overlaps with the __TEXT segment, which has .fileoff =0, so
// we ignore it.
if matches!(segment.name(), Ok(SEG_PAGEZERO)) {
continue;
}
match cursor.position().cmp(&segment.fileoff) {
// Mach-O segments may have padding between them. In this case, copy these
// bytes (presumably NULLs but that isn't guaranteed) to the output.
Ordering::Less => {
let padding = &macho.data[cursor.position() as usize..segment.fileoff as usize];
debug!(
"copying {} bytes outside segment boundaries before segment {}",
padding.len(),
segment.name().unwrap_or("<unknown>")
);
cursor.write_all(padding)?;
}
// The __TEXT segment usually has .fileoff = 0, which has it overlapping with
// already written data. Allow this special case through.
Ordering::Greater if segment.fileoff == 0 => {}
// The writer has overran into this segment. That means we screwed up on a
// previous loop iteration.
Ordering::Greater => {
return Err(AppleCodesignError::MachOWrite(format!(
"Mach-O segment corruption: cursor at 0x{:x} but segment begins at 0x{:x} (please report this bug)",
cursor.position(),
segment.fileoff
)));
}
Ordering::Equal => {}
}
assert!(segment.fileoff == 0 || segment.fileoff == cursor.position());
match segment.name() {
Ok(SEG_LINKEDIT) => {
cursor.write_all(
macho
.linkedit_data_before_signature()
.expect("__LINKEDIT segment data should resolve"),
)?;
cursor.write_all(signature_data)?;
}
_ => {
// At least the __TEXT segment has .fileoff = 0, which has it
// overlapping with already written data. So only write segment
// data new to the writer.
if segment.fileoff < cursor.position() {
if segment.data.is_empty() {
continue;
}
let remaining =
&segment.data[cursor.position() as usize..segment.filesize as usize];
cursor.write_all(remaining)?;
} else {
cursor.write_all(segment.data)?;
}
}
}
}
Ok(cursor.into_inner())
}
/// Write Mach-O file content to an output file.
pub fn write_macho_file(
input_path: &Path,
output_path: &Path,
macho_data: &[u8],
) -> Result<(), AppleCodesignError> {
// Read permissions first in case we overwrite the original file.
let permissions = std::fs::metadata(input_path)?.permissions();
if let Some(parent) = output_path.parent() {
std::fs::create_dir_all(parent)?;
}
{
let mut fh = std::fs::File::create(output_path)?;
fh.write_all(macho_data)?;
}
std::fs::set_permissions(output_path, permissions)?;
Ok(())
}
/// Mach-O binary signer.
///
/// This type provides a high-level interface for signing Mach-O binaries.
/// It handles parsing and rewriting Mach-O binaries and contains most of the
/// functionality for producing signatures for individual Mach-O binaries.
///
/// Signing of both single architecture and fat/universal binaries is supported.
///
/// # Circular Dependency
///
/// There is a circular dependency between the generation of the Code Directory
/// present in the embedded signature and the Mach-O binary. See the note
/// in [crate::specification] for the gory details. The tl;dr is the Mach-O
/// data up to the signature data needs to be digested. But that digested data
/// contains load commands that reference the signature data and its size, which
/// can't be known until the Code Directory, CMS blob, and SuperBlob are all
/// created.
///
/// Our solution to this problem is to estimate the size of the embedded
/// signature data and then pad the unused data will 0s.
pub struct MachOSigner<'data> {
/// Parsed Mach-O binaries.
machos: Vec<MachOBinary<'data>>,
}
impl<'data> MachOSigner<'data> {
/// Construct a new instance from unparsed data representing a Mach-O binary.
///
/// The data will be parsed as a Mach-O binary (either single arch or fat/universal)
/// and validated that we are capable of signing it.
pub fn new(macho_data: &'data [u8]) -> Result<Self, AppleCodesignError> {
let machos = MachFile::parse(macho_data)?.into_iter().collect::<Vec<_>>();
Ok(Self { machos })
}
/// Write signed Mach-O data to the given writer using signing settings.
pub fn write_signed_binary(
&self,
settings: &SigningSettings,
writer: &mut impl Write,
) -> Result<(), AppleCodesignError> {
// Implementing a true streaming writer requires calculating final sizes
// of all binaries so fat header offsets and sizes can be written first. We take
// the easy road and buffer individual Mach-O binaries internally.
let binaries = self
.machos
.iter()
.enumerate()
.map(|(index, original_macho)| {
info!("signing Mach-O binary at index {}", index);
let settings =
settings.as_nested_macho_settings(index, original_macho.macho.header.cputype());
let signature_len = original_macho.estimate_embedded_signature_size(&settings)?;
// Derive an intermediate Mach-O with placeholder NULLs for signature
// data so Code Directory digests over the load commands are correct.
let placeholder_signature_data = b"\0".repeat(signature_len);
let intermediate_macho_data =
create_macho_with_signature(original_macho, &placeholder_signature_data)?;
// A nice side-effect of this is that it catches bugs if we write malformed Mach-O!
let intermediate_macho = MachOBinary::parse(&intermediate_macho_data)?;
let mut signature_data = self.create_superblob(&settings, &intermediate_macho)?;
info!("total signature size: {} bytes", signature_data.len());
// The Mach-O writer adjusts load commands based on the signature length. So pad
// with NULLs to get to our placeholder length.
match signature_data.len().cmp(&placeholder_signature_data.len()) {
Ordering::Greater => {
return Err(AppleCodesignError::SignatureDataTooLarge);
}
Ordering::Equal => {}
Ordering::Less => {
signature_data.extend_from_slice(
&b"\0".repeat(placeholder_signature_data.len() - signature_data.len()),
);
}
}
create_macho_with_signature(&intermediate_macho, &signature_data)
})
.collect::<Result<Vec<_>, AppleCodesignError>>()?;
if binaries.len() > 1 {
create_universal_macho(writer, binaries.iter().map(|x| x.as_slice()))?;
} else {
writer.write_all(&binaries[0])?;
}
Ok(())
}
/// Create data constituting the SuperBlob to be embedded in the `__LINKEDIT` segment.
///
/// The superblob contains the code directory, any extra blobs, and an optional
/// CMS structure containing a cryptographic signature.
///
/// This takes an explicit Mach-O to operate on due to a circular dependency
/// between writing out the Mach-O and digesting its content. See the note
/// in [MachOSigner] for details.
pub fn create_superblob(
&self,
settings: &SigningSettings,
macho: &MachOBinary,
) -> Result<Vec<u8>, AppleCodesignError> {
let mut builder = EmbeddedSignatureBuilder::default();
for (slot, blob) in self.create_special_blobs(settings, macho.is_executable())? {
builder.add_blob(slot, blob)?;
}
let code_directory = self.create_code_directory(settings, macho)?;
info!("code directory version: {}", code_directory.version);
builder.add_code_directory(CodeSigningSlot::CodeDirectory, code_directory)?;
if let Some(digests) = settings.extra_digests(SettingsScope::Main) {
for digest_type in digests {
// Since everything consults settings for the digest to use, just make a new settings
// with a different digest.
let mut alt_settings = settings.clone();
alt_settings.set_digest_type(*digest_type);
info!(
"adding alternative code directory using digest {:?}",
digest_type
);
let cd = self.create_code_directory(&alt_settings, macho)?;
builder.add_alternative_code_directory(cd)?;
}
}
if let Some((signing_key, signing_cert)) = settings.signing_key() {
builder.create_cms_signature(
signing_key,
signing_cert,
settings.time_stamp_url(),
settings.certificate_chain().iter().cloned(),
)?;
}
builder.create_superblob()
}
/// Create the `CodeDirectory` for the current configuration.
///
/// This takes an explicit Mach-O to operate on due to a circular dependency
/// between writing out the Mach-O and digesting its content. See the note
/// in [MachOSigner] for details.
pub fn create_code_directory(
&self,
settings: &SigningSettings,
macho: &MachOBinary,
) -> Result<CodeDirectoryBlob<'static>, AppleCodesignError> {
// TODO support defining or filling in proper values for fields with
// static values.
let target = macho.find_targeting()?;
if let Some(target) = &target {
info!(
"binary targets {} >= {} with SDK {}",
target.platform, target.minimum_os_version, target.sdk_version,
);
}
let mut flags = CodeSignatureFlags::empty();
if let Some(additional) = settings.code_signature_flags(SettingsScope::Main) {
info!(
"adding code signature flags from signing settings: {:?}",
additional
);
flags |= additional;
}
// The adhoc flag is set when there is no CMS signature.
if settings.signing_key().is_none() {
info!("creating ad-hoc signature");
flags |= CodeSignatureFlags::ADHOC;
} else if flags.contains(CodeSignatureFlags::ADHOC) {
info!("removing ad-hoc code signature flag");
flags -= CodeSignatureFlags::ADHOC;
}
// Remove linker signed flag because we're not a linker.
if flags.contains(CodeSignatureFlags::LINKER_SIGNED) {
info!("removing linker signed flag from code signature (we're not a linker)");
flags -= CodeSignatureFlags::LINKER_SIGNED;
}
// Code limit fields hold the file offset at which code digests stop. This
// is the file offset in the `__LINKEDIT` segment when the embedded signature
// SuperBlob begins.
let (code_limit, code_limit_64) = match macho.code_limit_binary_offset()? {
x if x > u32::MAX as u64 => (0, Some(x)),
x => (x as u32, None),
};
let platform = 0;
let page_size = 4096u32;
let (exec_seg_base, exec_seg_limit) = macho.executable_segment_boundary()?;
let (exec_seg_base, exec_seg_limit) = (Some(exec_seg_base), Some(exec_seg_limit));
// Executable segment flags are wonky.
//
// Foremost, these flags are only present if the Mach-O binary is an executable. So not
// matter what the settings say, we don't set these flags unless the Mach-O file type
// is proper.
//
// Executable segment flags are also derived from an associated entitlements plist.
let exec_seg_flags = if macho.is_executable() {
if let Some(entitlements) = settings.entitlements_plist(SettingsScope::Main) {
let flags = plist_to_executable_segment_flags(entitlements);
if !flags.is_empty() {
info!("entitlements imply executable segment flags: {:?}", flags);
}
Some(flags | ExecutableSegmentFlags::MAIN_BINARY)
} else {
Some(ExecutableSegmentFlags::MAIN_BINARY)
}
} else {
None
};
// The runtime version is the SDK version from the targeting loader commands. Same
// u32 with nibbles encoding the version.
//
// If the runtime code signature flag is set, we also need to set the runtime version
// or else the activation of the hardened runtime is incomplete.
// If the settings defines a runtime version override, use it.
let runtime = match settings.runtime_version(SettingsScope::Main) {
Some(version) => {
info!(
"using hardened runtime version {} from signing settings",
version
);
Some(semver_to_macho_target_version(version))
}
None => None,
};
// If we still don't have a runtime but need one, derive from the target SDK.
let runtime = if runtime.is_none() && flags.contains(CodeSignatureFlags::RUNTIME) {
if let Some(target) = &target {
info!(
"using hardened runtime version {} derived from SDK version",
target.sdk_version
);
Some(semver_to_macho_target_version(&target.sdk_version))
} else {
warn!("hardened runtime version required but unable to derive suitable version; signature will likely fail Apple checks");
None
}
} else {
runtime
};
let code_hashes = macho
.code_digests(*settings.digest_type(), page_size as _)?
.into_iter()
.map(|v| Digest { data: v.into() })
.collect::<Vec<_>>();
let mut special_hashes = HashMap::new();
// There is no corresponding blob for the info plist data since it is provided
// externally to the embedded signature.
if let Some(data) = settings.info_plist_data(SettingsScope::Main) {
special_hashes.insert(
CodeSigningSlot::Info,
Digest {
data: settings.digest_type().digest_data(data)?.into(),
},
);
}
// There is no corresponding blob for resources data since it is provided
// externally to the embedded signature.
if let Some(data) = settings.code_resources_data(SettingsScope::Main) {
special_hashes.insert(
CodeSigningSlot::ResourceDir,
Digest {
data: settings.digest_type().digest_data(data)?.into(),
}
.to_owned(),
);
}
let ident = Cow::Owned(
settings
.binary_identifier(SettingsScope::Main)
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::NoIdentifier)?
.to_string(),
);
let team_name = settings.team_id().map(|x| Cow::Owned(x.to_string()));
let mut cd = CodeDirectoryBlob {
flags,
code_limit,
digest_size: settings.digest_type().hash_len()? as u8,
digest_type: *settings.digest_type(),
platform,
page_size,
code_limit_64,
exec_seg_base,
exec_seg_limit,
exec_seg_flags,
runtime,
ident,
team_name,
code_digests: code_hashes,
..Default::default()
};
for (slot, digest) in special_hashes {
cd.set_slot_digest(slot, digest)?;
}
cd.adjust_version(target);
cd.clear_newer_fields();
Ok(cd)
}sourcepub fn linkedit_data_before_signature(&self) -> Option<&[u8]>
pub fn linkedit_data_before_signature(&self) -> Option<&[u8]>
Obtain __LINKEDIT segment data before the signature data.
If there is no signature, returns all the data for the __LINKEDIT segment.
Examples found in repository?
src/macho_signing.rs (line 51)
39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229
fn create_macho_with_signature(
macho: &MachOBinary,
signature_data: &[u8],
) -> Result<Vec<u8>, AppleCodesignError> {
// This should have already been called. But we do it again out of paranoia.
macho.check_signing_capability()?;
// The assumption made by checking_signing_capability() is that signature data
// is at the end of the __LINKEDIT segment. So the replacement segment is the
// existing segment truncated at the signature start followed by the new signature
// data.
let new_linkedit_segment_size = macho
.linkedit_data_before_signature()
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::MissingLinkedit)?
.len()
+ signature_data.len();
// `codesign` rounds up the segment's vmsize to the nearest 16kb boundary.
// We emulate that behavior.
let remainder = new_linkedit_segment_size % 16384;
let new_linkedit_segment_vmsize = if remainder == 0 {
new_linkedit_segment_size
} else {
new_linkedit_segment_size + 16384 - remainder
};
assert!(new_linkedit_segment_vmsize >= new_linkedit_segment_size);
assert_eq!(new_linkedit_segment_vmsize % 16384, 0);
let mut cursor = std::io::Cursor::new(Vec::<u8>::new());
// Mach-O data structures are variable endian. So use the endian defined
// by the magic when writing.
let ctx = parse_magic_and_ctx(macho.data, 0)?
.1
.expect("context should have been parsed before");
// If there isn't a code signature presently, we'll need to introduce a load
// command for it.
let mut header = macho.macho.header;
if macho.code_signature_load_command().is_none() {
header.ncmds += 1;
header.sizeofcmds += SIZEOF_LINKEDIT_DATA_COMMAND as u32;
}
cursor.iowrite_with(header, ctx)?;
// Following the header are load commands. We need to update load commands
// to reflect changes to the signature size and __LINKEDIT segment size.
let mut seen_signature_load_command = false;
for load_command in &macho.macho.load_commands {
let original_command_data =
&macho.data[load_command.offset..load_command.offset + load_command.command.cmdsize()];
let written_len = match &load_command.command {
CommandVariant::CodeSignature(command) => {
seen_signature_load_command = true;
let mut command = *command;
command.datasize = signature_data.len() as _;
cursor.iowrite_with(command, ctx.le)?;
LinkeditDataCommand::size_with(&ctx.le)
}
CommandVariant::Segment32(segment) => {
let segment = match segment.name() {
Ok(SEG_LINKEDIT) => {
let mut segment = *segment;
segment.filesize = new_linkedit_segment_size as _;
segment.vmsize = new_linkedit_segment_vmsize as _;
segment
}
_ => *segment,
};
cursor.iowrite_with(segment, ctx.le)?;
SegmentCommand32::size_with(&ctx.le)
}
CommandVariant::Segment64(segment) => {
let segment = match segment.name() {
Ok(SEG_LINKEDIT) => {
let mut segment = *segment;
segment.filesize = new_linkedit_segment_size as _;
segment.vmsize = new_linkedit_segment_vmsize as _;
segment
}
_ => *segment,
};
cursor.iowrite_with(segment, ctx.le)?;
SegmentCommand64::size_with(&ctx.le)
}
_ => {
// Reflect the original bytes.
cursor.write_all(original_command_data)?;
original_command_data.len()
}
};
// For the commands we mutated ourselves, there may be more data after the
// load command header. Write it out if present.
cursor.write_all(&original_command_data[written_len..])?;
}
// If we didn't see a signature load command, write one out now.
if !seen_signature_load_command {
let command = LinkeditDataCommand {
cmd: LC_CODE_SIGNATURE,
cmdsize: SIZEOF_LINKEDIT_DATA_COMMAND as _,
dataoff: macho.code_limit_binary_offset()? as _,
datasize: signature_data.len() as _,
};
cursor.iowrite_with(command, ctx.le)?;
}
// Write out segments, updating the __LINKEDIT segment when we encounter it.
for segment in macho.segments_by_file_offset() {
// The initial __PAGEZERO segment contains no data (it is the magic and load
// commands) and overlaps with the __TEXT segment, which has .fileoff =0, so
// we ignore it.
if matches!(segment.name(), Ok(SEG_PAGEZERO)) {
continue;
}
match cursor.position().cmp(&segment.fileoff) {
// Mach-O segments may have padding between them. In this case, copy these
// bytes (presumably NULLs but that isn't guaranteed) to the output.
Ordering::Less => {
let padding = &macho.data[cursor.position() as usize..segment.fileoff as usize];
debug!(
"copying {} bytes outside segment boundaries before segment {}",
padding.len(),
segment.name().unwrap_or("<unknown>")
);
cursor.write_all(padding)?;
}
// The __TEXT segment usually has .fileoff = 0, which has it overlapping with
// already written data. Allow this special case through.
Ordering::Greater if segment.fileoff == 0 => {}
// The writer has overran into this segment. That means we screwed up on a
// previous loop iteration.
Ordering::Greater => {
return Err(AppleCodesignError::MachOWrite(format!(
"Mach-O segment corruption: cursor at 0x{:x} but segment begins at 0x{:x} (please report this bug)",
cursor.position(),
segment.fileoff
)));
}
Ordering::Equal => {}
}
assert!(segment.fileoff == 0 || segment.fileoff == cursor.position());
match segment.name() {
Ok(SEG_LINKEDIT) => {
cursor.write_all(
macho
.linkedit_data_before_signature()
.expect("__LINKEDIT segment data should resolve"),
)?;
cursor.write_all(signature_data)?;
}
_ => {
// At least the __TEXT segment has .fileoff = 0, which has it
// overlapping with already written data. So only write segment
// data new to the writer.
if segment.fileoff < cursor.position() {
if segment.data.is_empty() {
continue;
}
let remaining =
&segment.data[cursor.position() as usize..segment.filesize as usize];
cursor.write_all(remaining)?;
} else {
cursor.write_all(segment.data)?;
}
}
}
}
Ok(cursor.into_inner())
}sourcepub fn digested_code_data(&self) -> Result<&[u8], AppleCodesignError>
pub fn digested_code_data(&self) -> Result<&[u8], AppleCodesignError>
Obtain Mach-O binary data to be digested in code digests.
Returns the raw data whose digests will be captured by the Code Directory code digests.
Examples found in repository?
src/macho.rs (line 253)
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pub fn code_digests_size(
&self,
digest: DigestType,
page_size: usize,
) -> Result<usize, AppleCodesignError> {
let empty = digest.digest_data(b"")?;
Ok(self.digested_code_data()?.chunks(page_size).count() * empty.len())
}
/// Compute digests over code in this binary.
pub fn code_digests(
&self,
digest: DigestType,
page_size: usize,
) -> Result<Vec<Vec<u8>>, AppleCodesignError> {
let data = self.digested_code_data()?;
// Premature parallelism can be slower due to overhead of having to spin up threads.
// So only do parallel digests if we have enough data to warrant it.
if data.len() > 64 * 1024 * 1024 {
data.par_chunks(page_size)
.map(|c| digest.digest_data(c))
.collect::<Result<Vec<_>, AppleCodesignError>>()
} else {
self.digested_code_data()?
.chunks(page_size)
.map(|chunk| digest.digest_data(chunk))
.collect::<Result<Vec<_>, AppleCodesignError>>()
}
}sourcepub fn code_digests_size(
&self,
digest: DigestType,
page_size: usize
) -> Result<usize, AppleCodesignError>
pub fn code_digests_size(
&self,
digest: DigestType,
page_size: usize
) -> Result<usize, AppleCodesignError>
Obtain the size in bytes of all code digests given a digest type and page size.
Examples found in repository?
src/macho.rs (line 393)
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pub fn estimate_embedded_signature_size(
&self,
settings: &SigningSettings,
) -> Result<usize, AppleCodesignError> {
let code_directory_count = 1 + settings
.extra_digests(SettingsScope::Main)
.map(|x| x.len())
.unwrap_or_default();
// Assume the common data structures are 1024 bytes.
let mut size = 1024 * code_directory_count;
// Reserve room for the code digests, which are proportional to binary size.
// We could avoid doing the actual digesting work here. But until people
// complain, don't worry about it.
size += self.code_digests_size(*settings.digest_type(), 4096)?;
if let Some(digests) = settings.extra_digests(SettingsScope::Main) {
for digest in digests {
size += self.code_digests_size(*digest, 4096)?;
}
}
// Assume the CMS data will take a fixed size.
if settings.signing_key().is_some() {
size += 4096;
}
// Long certificate chains could blow up the size. Account for those.
for cert in settings.certificate_chain() {
size += cert.constructed_data().len();
}
// Add entitlements xml if needed.
if let Some(entitlements) = settings.entitlements_xml(SettingsScope::Main)? {
size += entitlements.as_bytes().len()
}
// Obtain an actual timestamp token of placeholder data and use its length.
// This may be excessive to actually query the time-stamp server and issue
// a token. But these operations should be "cheap."
if let Some(timestamp_url) = settings.time_stamp_url() {
let message = b"deadbeef".repeat(32);
if let Ok(response) =
time_stamp_message_http(timestamp_url.clone(), &message, DigestAlgorithm::Sha256)
{
if response.is_success() {
if let Some(l) = response.token_content_size() {
size += l;
} else {
size += 8192;
}
} else {
size += 8192;
}
} else {
size += 8192;
}
}
// Align on 1k boundaries just because.
size += 1024 - size % 1024;
Ok(size)
}sourcepub fn code_digests(
&self,
digest: DigestType,
page_size: usize
) -> Result<Vec<Vec<u8>>, AppleCodesignError>
pub fn code_digests(
&self,
digest: DigestType,
page_size: usize
) -> Result<Vec<Vec<u8>>, AppleCodesignError>
Compute digests over code in this binary.
Examples found in repository?
src/cli.rs (line 1015)
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fn command_compute_code_hashes(args: &ArgMatches) -> Result<(), AppleCodesignError> {
let path = args
.get_one::<String>("path")
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::CliBadArgument)?;
let index = args.get_one::<String>("universal_index").unwrap();
let index = usize::from_str(index).map_err(|_| AppleCodesignError::CliBadArgument)?;
let hash_type = DigestType::try_from(args.get_one::<String>("hash").unwrap().as_str())?;
let page_size = usize::from_str(
args.get_one::<String>("page_size")
.expect("page_size should have default value"),
)
.map_err(|_| AppleCodesignError::CliBadArgument)?;
let data = std::fs::read(path)?;
let mach = MachFile::parse(&data)?;
let macho = mach.nth_macho(index)?;
let hashes = macho.code_digests(hash_type, page_size)?;
for hash in hashes {
println!("{}", hex::encode(hash));
}
Ok(())
}More examples
src/verify.rs (line 420)
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fn verify_code_directory(
macho: &MachOBinary,
signature: &EmbeddedSignature,
cd: &CodeDirectoryBlob,
context: VerificationContext,
) -> Vec<VerificationProblem> {
let mut problems = vec![];
match cd.digest_type {
DigestType::Sha256 | DigestType::Sha384 => {}
hash_type => problems.push(VerificationProblem {
context: context.clone(),
problem: VerificationProblemType::CodeDirectoryOldDigestAlgorithm(hash_type),
}),
}
match macho.code_digests(cd.digest_type, cd.page_size as _) {
Ok(digests) => {
let mut cd_iter = cd.code_digests.iter().enumerate();
let mut actual_iter = digests.iter().enumerate();
loop {
match (cd_iter.next(), actual_iter.next()) {
(None, None) => {
break;
}
(Some((cd_index, cd_digest)), Some((_, actual_digest))) => {
if &cd_digest.data != actual_digest {
problems.push(VerificationProblem {
context: context.clone(),
problem: VerificationProblemType::CodeDigestMismatch(
cd_index,
cd_digest.to_vec(),
actual_digest.clone(),
),
});
}
}
(None, Some((actual_index, actual_digest))) => {
problems.push(VerificationProblem {
context: context.clone(),
problem: VerificationProblemType::CodeDigestMissingEntry(
actual_index,
actual_digest.clone(),
),
});
}
(Some((cd_index, cd_digest)), None) => {
problems.push(VerificationProblem {
context: context.clone(),
problem: VerificationProblemType::CodeDigestExtraEntry(
cd_index,
cd_digest.to_vec(),
),
});
}
}
}
}
Err(e) => {
problems.push(VerificationProblem {
context: context.clone(),
problem: VerificationProblemType::CodeDigestError(e),
});
}
}
// All slots beneath some threshold should have a special hash.
// It isn't clear where this threshold is. But the alternate code directory and
// CMS slots appear to start at 0x1000. We set our limit at 32, which seems
// reasonable considering there are ~10 defined slots starting at value 0.
//
// The code directory doesn't have a digest because one cannot hash self.
for blob in &signature.blobs {
let slot = blob.slot;
if u32::from(slot) < 32
&& !cd.slot_digests().contains_key(&slot)
&& slot != CodeSigningSlot::CodeDirectory
{
problems.push(VerificationProblem {
context: context.clone(),
problem: VerificationProblemType::SlotDigestMissing(slot),
});
}
}
let max_slot = cd
.slot_digests()
.keys()
.map(|slot| u32::from(*slot))
.filter(|slot| *slot < 32)
.max()
.unwrap_or(0);
let null_digest = b"\0".repeat(cd.digest_size as usize);
// Verify the special/slot digests we do have match reality.
for (slot, cd_digest) in cd.slot_digests().iter() {
match signature.find_slot(*slot) {
Some(entry) => match entry.digest_with(cd.digest_type) {
Ok(actual_digest) => {
if actual_digest != cd_digest.to_vec() {
problems.push(VerificationProblem {
context: context.clone(),
problem: VerificationProblemType::SlotDigestMismatch(
*slot,
cd_digest.to_vec(),
actual_digest,
),
});
}
}
Err(e) => {
problems.push(VerificationProblem {
context: context.clone(),
problem: VerificationProblemType::SlotDigestError(e),
});
}
},
None => {
// Some slots have external provided from somewhere that isn't a blob.
if slot.has_external_content() {
// TODO need to validate this external content somewhere.
}
// But slots with a null digest (all 0s) exist as placeholders when there
// is a higher numbered slot present.
else if u32::from(*slot) >= max_slot || cd_digest.to_vec() != null_digest {
problems.push(VerificationProblem {
context: context.clone(),
problem: VerificationProblemType::ExtraSlotDigest(
*slot,
cd_digest.to_vec(),
),
});
}
}
}
}
// TODO verify code_limit[_64] is appropriate.
// TODO verify exec_seg_base is appropriate.
problems
}src/macho_signing.rs (line 523)
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pub fn create_code_directory(
&self,
settings: &SigningSettings,
macho: &MachOBinary,
) -> Result<CodeDirectoryBlob<'static>, AppleCodesignError> {
// TODO support defining or filling in proper values for fields with
// static values.
let target = macho.find_targeting()?;
if let Some(target) = &target {
info!(
"binary targets {} >= {} with SDK {}",
target.platform, target.minimum_os_version, target.sdk_version,
);
}
let mut flags = CodeSignatureFlags::empty();
if let Some(additional) = settings.code_signature_flags(SettingsScope::Main) {
info!(
"adding code signature flags from signing settings: {:?}",
additional
);
flags |= additional;
}
// The adhoc flag is set when there is no CMS signature.
if settings.signing_key().is_none() {
info!("creating ad-hoc signature");
flags |= CodeSignatureFlags::ADHOC;
} else if flags.contains(CodeSignatureFlags::ADHOC) {
info!("removing ad-hoc code signature flag");
flags -= CodeSignatureFlags::ADHOC;
}
// Remove linker signed flag because we're not a linker.
if flags.contains(CodeSignatureFlags::LINKER_SIGNED) {
info!("removing linker signed flag from code signature (we're not a linker)");
flags -= CodeSignatureFlags::LINKER_SIGNED;
}
// Code limit fields hold the file offset at which code digests stop. This
// is the file offset in the `__LINKEDIT` segment when the embedded signature
// SuperBlob begins.
let (code_limit, code_limit_64) = match macho.code_limit_binary_offset()? {
x if x > u32::MAX as u64 => (0, Some(x)),
x => (x as u32, None),
};
let platform = 0;
let page_size = 4096u32;
let (exec_seg_base, exec_seg_limit) = macho.executable_segment_boundary()?;
let (exec_seg_base, exec_seg_limit) = (Some(exec_seg_base), Some(exec_seg_limit));
// Executable segment flags are wonky.
//
// Foremost, these flags are only present if the Mach-O binary is an executable. So not
// matter what the settings say, we don't set these flags unless the Mach-O file type
// is proper.
//
// Executable segment flags are also derived from an associated entitlements plist.
let exec_seg_flags = if macho.is_executable() {
if let Some(entitlements) = settings.entitlements_plist(SettingsScope::Main) {
let flags = plist_to_executable_segment_flags(entitlements);
if !flags.is_empty() {
info!("entitlements imply executable segment flags: {:?}", flags);
}
Some(flags | ExecutableSegmentFlags::MAIN_BINARY)
} else {
Some(ExecutableSegmentFlags::MAIN_BINARY)
}
} else {
None
};
// The runtime version is the SDK version from the targeting loader commands. Same
// u32 with nibbles encoding the version.
//
// If the runtime code signature flag is set, we also need to set the runtime version
// or else the activation of the hardened runtime is incomplete.
// If the settings defines a runtime version override, use it.
let runtime = match settings.runtime_version(SettingsScope::Main) {
Some(version) => {
info!(
"using hardened runtime version {} from signing settings",
version
);
Some(semver_to_macho_target_version(version))
}
None => None,
};
// If we still don't have a runtime but need one, derive from the target SDK.
let runtime = if runtime.is_none() && flags.contains(CodeSignatureFlags::RUNTIME) {
if let Some(target) = &target {
info!(
"using hardened runtime version {} derived from SDK version",
target.sdk_version
);
Some(semver_to_macho_target_version(&target.sdk_version))
} else {
warn!("hardened runtime version required but unable to derive suitable version; signature will likely fail Apple checks");
None
}
} else {
runtime
};
let code_hashes = macho
.code_digests(*settings.digest_type(), page_size as _)?
.into_iter()
.map(|v| Digest { data: v.into() })
.collect::<Vec<_>>();
let mut special_hashes = HashMap::new();
// There is no corresponding blob for the info plist data since it is provided
// externally to the embedded signature.
if let Some(data) = settings.info_plist_data(SettingsScope::Main) {
special_hashes.insert(
CodeSigningSlot::Info,
Digest {
data: settings.digest_type().digest_data(data)?.into(),
},
);
}
// There is no corresponding blob for resources data since it is provided
// externally to the embedded signature.
if let Some(data) = settings.code_resources_data(SettingsScope::Main) {
special_hashes.insert(
CodeSigningSlot::ResourceDir,
Digest {
data: settings.digest_type().digest_data(data)?.into(),
}
.to_owned(),
);
}
let ident = Cow::Owned(
settings
.binary_identifier(SettingsScope::Main)
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::NoIdentifier)?
.to_string(),
);
let team_name = settings.team_id().map(|x| Cow::Owned(x.to_string()));
let mut cd = CodeDirectoryBlob {
flags,
code_limit,
digest_size: settings.digest_type().hash_len()? as u8,
digest_type: *settings.digest_type(),
platform,
page_size,
code_limit_64,
exec_seg_base,
exec_seg_limit,
exec_seg_flags,
runtime,
ident,
team_name,
code_digests: code_hashes,
..Default::default()
};
for (slot, digest) in special_hashes {
cd.set_slot_digest(slot, digest)?;
}
cd.adjust_version(target);
cd.clear_newer_fields();
Ok(cd)
}sourcepub fn code_signature_load_command(&self) -> Option<LinkeditDataCommand>
pub fn code_signature_load_command(&self) -> Option<LinkeditDataCommand>
Resolve the load command for the code signature.
Examples found in repository?
src/macho.rs (line 166)
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pub fn code_signature_linkedit_start_offset(&self) -> Option<u32> {
let segment = self
.macho
.segments
.iter()
.find(|segment| matches!(segment.name(), Ok(SEG_LINKEDIT)));
if let (Some(segment), Some(command)) = (segment, self.code_signature_load_command()) {
Some((command.dataoff as u64 - segment.fileoff) as u32)
} else {
None
}
}
/// The end offset of the code signature data within the __LINKEDIT segment.
pub fn code_signature_linkedit_end_offset(&self) -> Option<u32> {
let start_offset = self.code_signature_linkedit_start_offset()?;
self.code_signature_load_command()
.map(|command| start_offset + command.datasize)
}More examples
src/macho_signing.rs (line 79)
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fn create_macho_with_signature(
macho: &MachOBinary,
signature_data: &[u8],
) -> Result<Vec<u8>, AppleCodesignError> {
// This should have already been called. But we do it again out of paranoia.
macho.check_signing_capability()?;
// The assumption made by checking_signing_capability() is that signature data
// is at the end of the __LINKEDIT segment. So the replacement segment is the
// existing segment truncated at the signature start followed by the new signature
// data.
let new_linkedit_segment_size = macho
.linkedit_data_before_signature()
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::MissingLinkedit)?
.len()
+ signature_data.len();
// `codesign` rounds up the segment's vmsize to the nearest 16kb boundary.
// We emulate that behavior.
let remainder = new_linkedit_segment_size % 16384;
let new_linkedit_segment_vmsize = if remainder == 0 {
new_linkedit_segment_size
} else {
new_linkedit_segment_size + 16384 - remainder
};
assert!(new_linkedit_segment_vmsize >= new_linkedit_segment_size);
assert_eq!(new_linkedit_segment_vmsize % 16384, 0);
let mut cursor = std::io::Cursor::new(Vec::<u8>::new());
// Mach-O data structures are variable endian. So use the endian defined
// by the magic when writing.
let ctx = parse_magic_and_ctx(macho.data, 0)?
.1
.expect("context should have been parsed before");
// If there isn't a code signature presently, we'll need to introduce a load
// command for it.
let mut header = macho.macho.header;
if macho.code_signature_load_command().is_none() {
header.ncmds += 1;
header.sizeofcmds += SIZEOF_LINKEDIT_DATA_COMMAND as u32;
}
cursor.iowrite_with(header, ctx)?;
// Following the header are load commands. We need to update load commands
// to reflect changes to the signature size and __LINKEDIT segment size.
let mut seen_signature_load_command = false;
for load_command in &macho.macho.load_commands {
let original_command_data =
&macho.data[load_command.offset..load_command.offset + load_command.command.cmdsize()];
let written_len = match &load_command.command {
CommandVariant::CodeSignature(command) => {
seen_signature_load_command = true;
let mut command = *command;
command.datasize = signature_data.len() as _;
cursor.iowrite_with(command, ctx.le)?;
LinkeditDataCommand::size_with(&ctx.le)
}
CommandVariant::Segment32(segment) => {
let segment = match segment.name() {
Ok(SEG_LINKEDIT) => {
let mut segment = *segment;
segment.filesize = new_linkedit_segment_size as _;
segment.vmsize = new_linkedit_segment_vmsize as _;
segment
}
_ => *segment,
};
cursor.iowrite_with(segment, ctx.le)?;
SegmentCommand32::size_with(&ctx.le)
}
CommandVariant::Segment64(segment) => {
let segment = match segment.name() {
Ok(SEG_LINKEDIT) => {
let mut segment = *segment;
segment.filesize = new_linkedit_segment_size as _;
segment.vmsize = new_linkedit_segment_vmsize as _;
segment
}
_ => *segment,
};
cursor.iowrite_with(segment, ctx.le)?;
SegmentCommand64::size_with(&ctx.le)
}
_ => {
// Reflect the original bytes.
cursor.write_all(original_command_data)?;
original_command_data.len()
}
};
// For the commands we mutated ourselves, there may be more data after the
// load command header. Write it out if present.
cursor.write_all(&original_command_data[written_len..])?;
}
// If we didn't see a signature load command, write one out now.
if !seen_signature_load_command {
let command = LinkeditDataCommand {
cmd: LC_CODE_SIGNATURE,
cmdsize: SIZEOF_LINKEDIT_DATA_COMMAND as _,
dataoff: macho.code_limit_binary_offset()? as _,
datasize: signature_data.len() as _,
};
cursor.iowrite_with(command, ctx.le)?;
}
// Write out segments, updating the __LINKEDIT segment when we encounter it.
for segment in macho.segments_by_file_offset() {
// The initial __PAGEZERO segment contains no data (it is the magic and load
// commands) and overlaps with the __TEXT segment, which has .fileoff =0, so
// we ignore it.
if matches!(segment.name(), Ok(SEG_PAGEZERO)) {
continue;
}
match cursor.position().cmp(&segment.fileoff) {
// Mach-O segments may have padding between them. In this case, copy these
// bytes (presumably NULLs but that isn't guaranteed) to the output.
Ordering::Less => {
let padding = &macho.data[cursor.position() as usize..segment.fileoff as usize];
debug!(
"copying {} bytes outside segment boundaries before segment {}",
padding.len(),
segment.name().unwrap_or("<unknown>")
);
cursor.write_all(padding)?;
}
// The __TEXT segment usually has .fileoff = 0, which has it overlapping with
// already written data. Allow this special case through.
Ordering::Greater if segment.fileoff == 0 => {}
// The writer has overran into this segment. That means we screwed up on a
// previous loop iteration.
Ordering::Greater => {
return Err(AppleCodesignError::MachOWrite(format!(
"Mach-O segment corruption: cursor at 0x{:x} but segment begins at 0x{:x} (please report this bug)",
cursor.position(),
segment.fileoff
)));
}
Ordering::Equal => {}
}
assert!(segment.fileoff == 0 || segment.fileoff == cursor.position());
match segment.name() {
Ok(SEG_LINKEDIT) => {
cursor.write_all(
macho
.linkedit_data_before_signature()
.expect("__LINKEDIT segment data should resolve"),
)?;
cursor.write_all(signature_data)?;
}
_ => {
// At least the __TEXT segment has .fileoff = 0, which has it
// overlapping with already written data. So only write segment
// data new to the writer.
if segment.fileoff < cursor.position() {
if segment.data.is_empty() {
continue;
}
let remaining =
&segment.data[cursor.position() as usize..segment.filesize as usize];
cursor.write_all(remaining)?;
} else {
cursor.write_all(segment.data)?;
}
}
}
}
Ok(cursor.into_inner())
}sourcepub fn embedded_info_plist(&self) -> Result<Option<Vec<u8>>, AppleCodesignError>
pub fn embedded_info_plist(&self) -> Result<Option<Vec<u8>>, AppleCodesignError>
Attempt to locate embedded Info.plist data.
Examples found in repository?
src/signing_settings.rs (line 781)
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pub fn import_settings_from_macho(&mut self, data: &[u8]) -> Result<(), AppleCodesignError> {
info!("inferring default signing settings from Mach-O binary");
for macho in MachFile::parse(data)?.into_iter() {
let index = macho.index.unwrap_or(0);
let scope_main = SettingsScope::Main;
let scope_index = SettingsScope::MultiArchIndex(index);
let scope_arch = SettingsScope::MultiArchCpuType(macho.macho.header.cputype());
// Older operating system versions don't have support for SHA-256 in
// signatures. If the minimum version targeting in the binary doesn't
// support SHA-256, we automatically change the digest targeting settings
// so the binary will be signed correctly.
if let Some(targeting) = macho.find_targeting()? {
let sha256_version = targeting.platform.sha256_digest_support()?;
if !sha256_version.matches(&targeting.minimum_os_version) {
info!(
"activating SHA-1 digests because minimum OS target {} is not {}",
targeting.minimum_os_version, sha256_version
);
// This logic is a bit wonky. We want SHA-1 to be present on all binaries
// within a fat binary. So if we need SHA-1 mode, we set the setting on the
// main scope and then clear any overrides on fat binary scopes so our
// settings are canonical.
self.set_digest_type(DigestType::Sha1);
self.add_extra_digest(scope_main.clone(), DigestType::Sha256);
self.extra_digests.remove(&scope_arch);
self.extra_digests.remove(&scope_index);
}
}
// The Mach-O can have embedded Info.plist data. Use it if available and not
// already defined in settings.
if let Some(info_plist) = macho.embedded_info_plist()? {
if self.info_plist_data(&scope_main).is_some()
|| self.info_plist_data(&scope_index).is_some()
|| self.info_plist_data(&scope_arch).is_some()
{
info!("using Info.plist data from settings");
} else {
info!("preserving Info.plist data already present in Mach-O");
self.set_info_plist_data(scope_index.clone(), info_plist);
}
}
if let Some(sig) = macho.code_signature()? {
if let Some(cd) = sig.code_directory()? {
if self.binary_identifier(&scope_main).is_some()
|| self.binary_identifier(&scope_index).is_some()
|| self.binary_identifier(&scope_arch).is_some()
{
info!("using binary identifier from settings");
} else {
info!("preserving existing binary identifier in Mach-O");
self.set_binary_identifier(scope_index.clone(), cd.ident);
}
if self.team_id.contains_key(&scope_main)
|| self.team_id.contains_key(&scope_index)
|| self.team_id.contains_key(&scope_arch)
{
info!("using team ID from settings");
} else if let Some(team_id) = cd.team_name {
info!("preserving team ID in existing Mach-O signature");
self.team_id
.insert(scope_index.clone(), team_id.to_string());
}
if self.code_signature_flags(&scope_main).is_some()
|| self.code_signature_flags(&scope_index).is_some()
|| self.code_signature_flags(&scope_arch).is_some()
{
info!("using code signature flags from settings");
} else if !cd.flags.is_empty() {
info!("preserving code signature flags in existing Mach-O signature");
self.set_code_signature_flags(scope_index.clone(), cd.flags);
}
if self.runtime_version(&scope_main).is_some()
|| self.runtime_version(&scope_index).is_some()
|| self.runtime_version(&scope_arch).is_some()
{
info!("using runtime version from settings");
} else if let Some(version) = cd.runtime {
info!("preserving runtime version in existing Mach-O signature");
self.set_runtime_version(
scope_index.clone(),
parse_version_nibbles(version),
);
}
}
if let Some(entitlements) = sig.entitlements()? {
if self.entitlements_plist(&scope_main).is_some()
|| self.entitlements_plist(&scope_index).is_some()
|| self.entitlements_plist(&scope_arch).is_some()
{
info!("using entitlements from settings");
} else {
info!("preserving existing entitlements in Mach-O");
self.set_entitlements_xml(
SettingsScope::MultiArchIndex(index),
entitlements.as_str(),
)?;
}
}
}
}
Ok(())
}sourcepub fn check_signing_capability(&self) -> Result<(), AppleCodesignError>
pub fn check_signing_capability(&self) -> Result<(), AppleCodesignError>
Determines whether this crate is capable of signing a given Mach-O binary.
Code in this crate is limited in the amount of Mach-O binary manipulation it can perform (supporting rewriting all valid Mach-O binaries effectively requires low-level awareness of all Mach-O constructs in order to perform offset manipulation). This function can be used to test signing compatibility.
We currently only support signing Mach-O files already containing an embedded signature. Often linked binaries automatically contain an embedded signature containing just the code directory (without a cryptographically signed signature), so this limitation hopefully isn’t impactful.
Examples found in repository?
src/macho_signing.rs (line 44)
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fn create_macho_with_signature(
macho: &MachOBinary,
signature_data: &[u8],
) -> Result<Vec<u8>, AppleCodesignError> {
// This should have already been called. But we do it again out of paranoia.
macho.check_signing_capability()?;
// The assumption made by checking_signing_capability() is that signature data
// is at the end of the __LINKEDIT segment. So the replacement segment is the
// existing segment truncated at the signature start followed by the new signature
// data.
let new_linkedit_segment_size = macho
.linkedit_data_before_signature()
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::MissingLinkedit)?
.len()
+ signature_data.len();
// `codesign` rounds up the segment's vmsize to the nearest 16kb boundary.
// We emulate that behavior.
let remainder = new_linkedit_segment_size % 16384;
let new_linkedit_segment_vmsize = if remainder == 0 {
new_linkedit_segment_size
} else {
new_linkedit_segment_size + 16384 - remainder
};
assert!(new_linkedit_segment_vmsize >= new_linkedit_segment_size);
assert_eq!(new_linkedit_segment_vmsize % 16384, 0);
let mut cursor = std::io::Cursor::new(Vec::<u8>::new());
// Mach-O data structures are variable endian. So use the endian defined
// by the magic when writing.
let ctx = parse_magic_and_ctx(macho.data, 0)?
.1
.expect("context should have been parsed before");
// If there isn't a code signature presently, we'll need to introduce a load
// command for it.
let mut header = macho.macho.header;
if macho.code_signature_load_command().is_none() {
header.ncmds += 1;
header.sizeofcmds += SIZEOF_LINKEDIT_DATA_COMMAND as u32;
}
cursor.iowrite_with(header, ctx)?;
// Following the header are load commands. We need to update load commands
// to reflect changes to the signature size and __LINKEDIT segment size.
let mut seen_signature_load_command = false;
for load_command in &macho.macho.load_commands {
let original_command_data =
&macho.data[load_command.offset..load_command.offset + load_command.command.cmdsize()];
let written_len = match &load_command.command {
CommandVariant::CodeSignature(command) => {
seen_signature_load_command = true;
let mut command = *command;
command.datasize = signature_data.len() as _;
cursor.iowrite_with(command, ctx.le)?;
LinkeditDataCommand::size_with(&ctx.le)
}
CommandVariant::Segment32(segment) => {
let segment = match segment.name() {
Ok(SEG_LINKEDIT) => {
let mut segment = *segment;
segment.filesize = new_linkedit_segment_size as _;
segment.vmsize = new_linkedit_segment_vmsize as _;
segment
}
_ => *segment,
};
cursor.iowrite_with(segment, ctx.le)?;
SegmentCommand32::size_with(&ctx.le)
}
CommandVariant::Segment64(segment) => {
let segment = match segment.name() {
Ok(SEG_LINKEDIT) => {
let mut segment = *segment;
segment.filesize = new_linkedit_segment_size as _;
segment.vmsize = new_linkedit_segment_vmsize as _;
segment
}
_ => *segment,
};
cursor.iowrite_with(segment, ctx.le)?;
SegmentCommand64::size_with(&ctx.le)
}
_ => {
// Reflect the original bytes.
cursor.write_all(original_command_data)?;
original_command_data.len()
}
};
// For the commands we mutated ourselves, there may be more data after the
// load command header. Write it out if present.
cursor.write_all(&original_command_data[written_len..])?;
}
// If we didn't see a signature load command, write one out now.
if !seen_signature_load_command {
let command = LinkeditDataCommand {
cmd: LC_CODE_SIGNATURE,
cmdsize: SIZEOF_LINKEDIT_DATA_COMMAND as _,
dataoff: macho.code_limit_binary_offset()? as _,
datasize: signature_data.len() as _,
};
cursor.iowrite_with(command, ctx.le)?;
}
// Write out segments, updating the __LINKEDIT segment when we encounter it.
for segment in macho.segments_by_file_offset() {
// The initial __PAGEZERO segment contains no data (it is the magic and load
// commands) and overlaps with the __TEXT segment, which has .fileoff =0, so
// we ignore it.
if matches!(segment.name(), Ok(SEG_PAGEZERO)) {
continue;
}
match cursor.position().cmp(&segment.fileoff) {
// Mach-O segments may have padding between them. In this case, copy these
// bytes (presumably NULLs but that isn't guaranteed) to the output.
Ordering::Less => {
let padding = &macho.data[cursor.position() as usize..segment.fileoff as usize];
debug!(
"copying {} bytes outside segment boundaries before segment {}",
padding.len(),
segment.name().unwrap_or("<unknown>")
);
cursor.write_all(padding)?;
}
// The __TEXT segment usually has .fileoff = 0, which has it overlapping with
// already written data. Allow this special case through.
Ordering::Greater if segment.fileoff == 0 => {}
// The writer has overran into this segment. That means we screwed up on a
// previous loop iteration.
Ordering::Greater => {
return Err(AppleCodesignError::MachOWrite(format!(
"Mach-O segment corruption: cursor at 0x{:x} but segment begins at 0x{:x} (please report this bug)",
cursor.position(),
segment.fileoff
)));
}
Ordering::Equal => {}
}
assert!(segment.fileoff == 0 || segment.fileoff == cursor.position());
match segment.name() {
Ok(SEG_LINKEDIT) => {
cursor.write_all(
macho
.linkedit_data_before_signature()
.expect("__LINKEDIT segment data should resolve"),
)?;
cursor.write_all(signature_data)?;
}
_ => {
// At least the __TEXT segment has .fileoff = 0, which has it
// overlapping with already written data. So only write segment
// data new to the writer.
if segment.fileoff < cursor.position() {
if segment.data.is_empty() {
continue;
}
let remaining =
&segment.data[cursor.position() as usize..segment.filesize as usize];
cursor.write_all(remaining)?;
} else {
cursor.write_all(segment.data)?;
}
}
}
}
Ok(cursor.into_inner())
}sourcepub fn estimate_embedded_signature_size(
&self,
settings: &SigningSettings<'_>
) -> Result<usize, AppleCodesignError>
pub fn estimate_embedded_signature_size(
&self,
settings: &SigningSettings<'_>
) -> Result<usize, AppleCodesignError>
Estimate the size in bytes of an embedded code signature.
Examples found in repository?
src/macho_signing.rs (line 309)
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pub fn write_signed_binary(
&self,
settings: &SigningSettings,
writer: &mut impl Write,
) -> Result<(), AppleCodesignError> {
// Implementing a true streaming writer requires calculating final sizes
// of all binaries so fat header offsets and sizes can be written first. We take
// the easy road and buffer individual Mach-O binaries internally.
let binaries = self
.machos
.iter()
.enumerate()
.map(|(index, original_macho)| {
info!("signing Mach-O binary at index {}", index);
let settings =
settings.as_nested_macho_settings(index, original_macho.macho.header.cputype());
let signature_len = original_macho.estimate_embedded_signature_size(&settings)?;
// Derive an intermediate Mach-O with placeholder NULLs for signature
// data so Code Directory digests over the load commands are correct.
let placeholder_signature_data = b"\0".repeat(signature_len);
let intermediate_macho_data =
create_macho_with_signature(original_macho, &placeholder_signature_data)?;
// A nice side-effect of this is that it catches bugs if we write malformed Mach-O!
let intermediate_macho = MachOBinary::parse(&intermediate_macho_data)?;
let mut signature_data = self.create_superblob(&settings, &intermediate_macho)?;
info!("total signature size: {} bytes", signature_data.len());
// The Mach-O writer adjusts load commands based on the signature length. So pad
// with NULLs to get to our placeholder length.
match signature_data.len().cmp(&placeholder_signature_data.len()) {
Ordering::Greater => {
return Err(AppleCodesignError::SignatureDataTooLarge);
}
Ordering::Equal => {}
Ordering::Less => {
signature_data.extend_from_slice(
&b"\0".repeat(placeholder_signature_data.len() - signature_data.len()),
);
}
}
create_macho_with_signature(&intermediate_macho, &signature_data)
})
.collect::<Result<Vec<_>, AppleCodesignError>>()?;
if binaries.len() > 1 {
create_universal_macho(writer, binaries.iter().map(|x| x.as_slice()))?;
} else {
writer.write_all(&binaries[0])?;
}
Ok(())
}sourcepub fn find_targeting(&self) -> Result<Option<MachoTarget>, AppleCodesignError>
pub fn find_targeting(&self) -> Result<Option<MachoTarget>, AppleCodesignError>
Attempt to resolve the mach-o targeting settings.
Examples found in repository?
src/signing_settings.rs (line 759)
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pub fn import_settings_from_macho(&mut self, data: &[u8]) -> Result<(), AppleCodesignError> {
info!("inferring default signing settings from Mach-O binary");
for macho in MachFile::parse(data)?.into_iter() {
let index = macho.index.unwrap_or(0);
let scope_main = SettingsScope::Main;
let scope_index = SettingsScope::MultiArchIndex(index);
let scope_arch = SettingsScope::MultiArchCpuType(macho.macho.header.cputype());
// Older operating system versions don't have support for SHA-256 in
// signatures. If the minimum version targeting in the binary doesn't
// support SHA-256, we automatically change the digest targeting settings
// so the binary will be signed correctly.
if let Some(targeting) = macho.find_targeting()? {
let sha256_version = targeting.platform.sha256_digest_support()?;
if !sha256_version.matches(&targeting.minimum_os_version) {
info!(
"activating SHA-1 digests because minimum OS target {} is not {}",
targeting.minimum_os_version, sha256_version
);
// This logic is a bit wonky. We want SHA-1 to be present on all binaries
// within a fat binary. So if we need SHA-1 mode, we set the setting on the
// main scope and then clear any overrides on fat binary scopes so our
// settings are canonical.
self.set_digest_type(DigestType::Sha1);
self.add_extra_digest(scope_main.clone(), DigestType::Sha256);
self.extra_digests.remove(&scope_arch);
self.extra_digests.remove(&scope_index);
}
}
// The Mach-O can have embedded Info.plist data. Use it if available and not
// already defined in settings.
if let Some(info_plist) = macho.embedded_info_plist()? {
if self.info_plist_data(&scope_main).is_some()
|| self.info_plist_data(&scope_index).is_some()
|| self.info_plist_data(&scope_arch).is_some()
{
info!("using Info.plist data from settings");
} else {
info!("preserving Info.plist data already present in Mach-O");
self.set_info_plist_data(scope_index.clone(), info_plist);
}
}
if let Some(sig) = macho.code_signature()? {
if let Some(cd) = sig.code_directory()? {
if self.binary_identifier(&scope_main).is_some()
|| self.binary_identifier(&scope_index).is_some()
|| self.binary_identifier(&scope_arch).is_some()
{
info!("using binary identifier from settings");
} else {
info!("preserving existing binary identifier in Mach-O");
self.set_binary_identifier(scope_index.clone(), cd.ident);
}
if self.team_id.contains_key(&scope_main)
|| self.team_id.contains_key(&scope_index)
|| self.team_id.contains_key(&scope_arch)
{
info!("using team ID from settings");
} else if let Some(team_id) = cd.team_name {
info!("preserving team ID in existing Mach-O signature");
self.team_id
.insert(scope_index.clone(), team_id.to_string());
}
if self.code_signature_flags(&scope_main).is_some()
|| self.code_signature_flags(&scope_index).is_some()
|| self.code_signature_flags(&scope_arch).is_some()
{
info!("using code signature flags from settings");
} else if !cd.flags.is_empty() {
info!("preserving code signature flags in existing Mach-O signature");
self.set_code_signature_flags(scope_index.clone(), cd.flags);
}
if self.runtime_version(&scope_main).is_some()
|| self.runtime_version(&scope_index).is_some()
|| self.runtime_version(&scope_arch).is_some()
{
info!("using runtime version from settings");
} else if let Some(version) = cd.runtime {
info!("preserving runtime version in existing Mach-O signature");
self.set_runtime_version(
scope_index.clone(),
parse_version_nibbles(version),
);
}
}
if let Some(entitlements) = sig.entitlements()? {
if self.entitlements_plist(&scope_main).is_some()
|| self.entitlements_plist(&scope_index).is_some()
|| self.entitlements_plist(&scope_arch).is_some()
{
info!("using entitlements from settings");
} else {
info!("preserving existing entitlements in Mach-O");
self.set_entitlements_xml(
SettingsScope::MultiArchIndex(index),
entitlements.as_str(),
)?;
}
}
}
}
Ok(())
}More examples
src/macho_signing.rs (line 417)
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pub fn create_code_directory(
&self,
settings: &SigningSettings,
macho: &MachOBinary,
) -> Result<CodeDirectoryBlob<'static>, AppleCodesignError> {
// TODO support defining or filling in proper values for fields with
// static values.
let target = macho.find_targeting()?;
if let Some(target) = &target {
info!(
"binary targets {} >= {} with SDK {}",
target.platform, target.minimum_os_version, target.sdk_version,
);
}
let mut flags = CodeSignatureFlags::empty();
if let Some(additional) = settings.code_signature_flags(SettingsScope::Main) {
info!(
"adding code signature flags from signing settings: {:?}",
additional
);
flags |= additional;
}
// The adhoc flag is set when there is no CMS signature.
if settings.signing_key().is_none() {
info!("creating ad-hoc signature");
flags |= CodeSignatureFlags::ADHOC;
} else if flags.contains(CodeSignatureFlags::ADHOC) {
info!("removing ad-hoc code signature flag");
flags -= CodeSignatureFlags::ADHOC;
}
// Remove linker signed flag because we're not a linker.
if flags.contains(CodeSignatureFlags::LINKER_SIGNED) {
info!("removing linker signed flag from code signature (we're not a linker)");
flags -= CodeSignatureFlags::LINKER_SIGNED;
}
// Code limit fields hold the file offset at which code digests stop. This
// is the file offset in the `__LINKEDIT` segment when the embedded signature
// SuperBlob begins.
let (code_limit, code_limit_64) = match macho.code_limit_binary_offset()? {
x if x > u32::MAX as u64 => (0, Some(x)),
x => (x as u32, None),
};
let platform = 0;
let page_size = 4096u32;
let (exec_seg_base, exec_seg_limit) = macho.executable_segment_boundary()?;
let (exec_seg_base, exec_seg_limit) = (Some(exec_seg_base), Some(exec_seg_limit));
// Executable segment flags are wonky.
//
// Foremost, these flags are only present if the Mach-O binary is an executable. So not
// matter what the settings say, we don't set these flags unless the Mach-O file type
// is proper.
//
// Executable segment flags are also derived from an associated entitlements plist.
let exec_seg_flags = if macho.is_executable() {
if let Some(entitlements) = settings.entitlements_plist(SettingsScope::Main) {
let flags = plist_to_executable_segment_flags(entitlements);
if !flags.is_empty() {
info!("entitlements imply executable segment flags: {:?}", flags);
}
Some(flags | ExecutableSegmentFlags::MAIN_BINARY)
} else {
Some(ExecutableSegmentFlags::MAIN_BINARY)
}
} else {
None
};
// The runtime version is the SDK version from the targeting loader commands. Same
// u32 with nibbles encoding the version.
//
// If the runtime code signature flag is set, we also need to set the runtime version
// or else the activation of the hardened runtime is incomplete.
// If the settings defines a runtime version override, use it.
let runtime = match settings.runtime_version(SettingsScope::Main) {
Some(version) => {
info!(
"using hardened runtime version {} from signing settings",
version
);
Some(semver_to_macho_target_version(version))
}
None => None,
};
// If we still don't have a runtime but need one, derive from the target SDK.
let runtime = if runtime.is_none() && flags.contains(CodeSignatureFlags::RUNTIME) {
if let Some(target) = &target {
info!(
"using hardened runtime version {} derived from SDK version",
target.sdk_version
);
Some(semver_to_macho_target_version(&target.sdk_version))
} else {
warn!("hardened runtime version required but unable to derive suitable version; signature will likely fail Apple checks");
None
}
} else {
runtime
};
let code_hashes = macho
.code_digests(*settings.digest_type(), page_size as _)?
.into_iter()
.map(|v| Digest { data: v.into() })
.collect::<Vec<_>>();
let mut special_hashes = HashMap::new();
// There is no corresponding blob for the info plist data since it is provided
// externally to the embedded signature.
if let Some(data) = settings.info_plist_data(SettingsScope::Main) {
special_hashes.insert(
CodeSigningSlot::Info,
Digest {
data: settings.digest_type().digest_data(data)?.into(),
},
);
}
// There is no corresponding blob for resources data since it is provided
// externally to the embedded signature.
if let Some(data) = settings.code_resources_data(SettingsScope::Main) {
special_hashes.insert(
CodeSigningSlot::ResourceDir,
Digest {
data: settings.digest_type().digest_data(data)?.into(),
}
.to_owned(),
);
}
let ident = Cow::Owned(
settings
.binary_identifier(SettingsScope::Main)
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::NoIdentifier)?
.to_string(),
);
let team_name = settings.team_id().map(|x| Cow::Owned(x.to_string()));
let mut cd = CodeDirectoryBlob {
flags,
code_limit,
digest_size: settings.digest_type().hash_len()? as u8,
digest_type: *settings.digest_type(),
platform,
page_size,
code_limit_64,
exec_seg_base,
exec_seg_limit,
exec_seg_flags,
runtime,
ident,
team_name,
code_digests: code_hashes,
..Default::default()
};
for (slot, digest) in special_hashes {
cd.set_slot_digest(slot, digest)?;
}
cd.adjust_version(target);
cd.clear_newer_fields();
Ok(cd)
}src/bundle_signing.rs (line 480)
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pub fn write_signed_bundle(
&self,
dest_dir: impl AsRef<Path>,
settings: &SigningSettings,
) -> Result<DirectoryBundle, AppleCodesignError> {
let dest_dir = dest_dir.as_ref();
warn!(
"signing bundle at {} into {}",
self.bundle.root_dir().display(),
dest_dir.display()
);
// Frameworks are a bit special.
//
// Modern frameworks typically have a `Versions/` directory containing directories
// with the actual frameworks. These are the actual directories that are signed - not
// the top-most directory. In fact, the top-most `.framework` directory doesn't have any
// code signature elements at all and can effectively be ignored as far as signing
// is concerned.
//
// But even if there is a `Versions/` directory with nested bundles to sign, the top-level
// directory may have some symlinks. And those need to be preserved. In addition, there
// may be symlinks in `Versions/`. `Versions/Current` is common.
//
// Of course, if there is no `Versions/` directory, the top-level directory could be
// a valid framework warranting signing.
if self.bundle.package_type() == BundlePackageType::Framework {
if self.bundle.root_dir().join("Versions").is_dir() {
warn!("found a versioned framework; each version will be signed as its own bundle");
// But we still need to preserve files (hopefully just symlinks) outside the
// nested bundles under `Versions/`. Since we don't nest into child bundles
// here, it should be safe to handle each encountered file.
let handler = SingleBundleHandler {
dest_dir: dest_dir.to_path_buf(),
settings,
};
for file in self
.bundle
.files(false)
.map_err(AppleCodesignError::DirectoryBundle)?
{
handler.install_file(&file)?;
}
return DirectoryBundle::new_from_path(dest_dir)
.map_err(AppleCodesignError::DirectoryBundle);
} else {
warn!("found an unversioned framework; signing like normal");
}
}
let dest_dir_root = dest_dir.to_path_buf();
let dest_dir = if self.bundle.shallow() {
dest_dir_root.clone()
} else {
dest_dir.join("Contents")
};
self.bundle
.identifier()
.map_err(AppleCodesignError::DirectoryBundle)?
.ok_or_else(|| AppleCodesignError::BundleNoIdentifier(self.bundle.info_plist_path()))?;
let mut resources_digests = settings.all_digests(SettingsScope::Main);
// State in the main executable can influence signing settings of the bundle. So examine
// it first.
let main_exe = self
.bundle
.files(false)
.map_err(AppleCodesignError::DirectoryBundle)?
.into_iter()
.find(|f| matches!(f.is_main_executable(), Ok(true)));
if let Some(exe) = &main_exe {
let macho_data = std::fs::read(exe.absolute_path())?;
let mach = MachFile::parse(&macho_data)?;
for macho in mach.iter_macho() {
if let Some(targeting) = macho.find_targeting()? {
let sha256_version = targeting.platform.sha256_digest_support()?;
if !sha256_version.matches(&targeting.minimum_os_version)
&& resources_digests != vec![DigestType::Sha1, DigestType::Sha256]
{
info!("main executable targets OS requiring SHA-1 signatures; activating SHA-1 + SHA-256 signing");
resources_digests = vec![DigestType::Sha1, DigestType::Sha256];
break;
}
}
}
}
warn!("collecting code resources files");
// The set of rules to use is determined by whether the bundle *can* have a
// `Resources/`, not whether it necessarily does. The exact rules for this are not
// known. Essentially we want to test for the result of CFBundleCopyResourcesDirectoryURL().
// We assume that we can use the resources rules when there is a `Resources` directory
// (this seems obvious!) or when the bundle isn't shallow, as a non-shallow bundle should
// be an app bundle and app bundles can always have resources (we think).
let mut resources_builder =
if self.bundle.resolve_path("Resources").is_dir() || !self.bundle.shallow() {
CodeResourcesBuilder::default_resources_rules()?
} else {
CodeResourcesBuilder::default_no_resources_rules()?
};
// Ensure emitted digests match what we're configured to emit.
resources_builder.set_digests(resources_digests.into_iter());
// Exclude code signature files we'll write.
resources_builder.add_exclusion_rule(CodeResourcesRule::new("^_CodeSignature/")?.exclude());
// Ignore notarization ticket.
resources_builder.add_exclusion_rule(CodeResourcesRule::new("^CodeResources$")?.exclude());
let handler = SingleBundleHandler {
dest_dir: dest_dir_root.clone(),
settings,
};
let mut info_plist_data = None;
// Iterate files in this bundle and register as code resources.
//
// Traversing into nested bundles seems wrong but it is correct. The resources builder
// has rules to determine whether to process a path and assuming the rules and evaluation
// of them is correct, it is able to decide for itself how to handle a path.
//
// Furthermore, this behavior is needed as bundles can encapsulate signatures for nested
// bundles. For example, you could have a framework bundle with an embedded app bundle in
// `Resources/MyApp.app`! In this case, the framework's CodeResources encapsulates the
// content of `Resources/My.app` per the processing rules.
for file in self
.bundle
.files(true)
.map_err(AppleCodesignError::DirectoryBundle)?
{
// The main executable is special and handled below.
if file
.is_main_executable()
.map_err(AppleCodesignError::DirectoryBundle)?
{
continue;
} else if file.is_info_plist() {
// The Info.plist is digested specially. But it may also be handled by
// the resources handler. So always feed it through.
info!(
"{} is the Info.plist file; handling specially",
file.relative_path().display()
);
resources_builder.process_file(&file, &handler)?;
info_plist_data = Some(std::fs::read(file.absolute_path())?);
} else {
resources_builder.process_file(&file, &handler)?;
}
}
// Seal code directory digests of any nested bundles.
//
// Apple's tooling seems to only do this for some bundle type combinations. I'm
// not yet sure what the complete heuristic is. But we observed that frameworks
// don't appear to include digests of any nested app bundles. So we add that
// exclusion. iOS bundles don't seem to include digests for nested bundles either.
// We should figure out what the actual rules here...
if !self.bundle.shallow() {
let dest_bundle = DirectoryBundle::new_from_path(&dest_dir)
.map_err(AppleCodesignError::DirectoryBundle)?;
for (rel_path, nested_bundle) in dest_bundle
.nested_bundles(false)
.map_err(AppleCodesignError::DirectoryBundle)?
{
resources_builder.process_nested_bundle(&rel_path, &nested_bundle)?;
}
}
// The resources are now sealed. Write out that XML file.
let code_resources_path = dest_dir.join("_CodeSignature").join("CodeResources");
warn!(
"writing sealed resources to {}",
code_resources_path.display()
);
std::fs::create_dir_all(code_resources_path.parent().unwrap())?;
let mut resources_data = Vec::<u8>::new();
resources_builder.write_code_resources(&mut resources_data)?;
{
let mut fh = std::fs::File::create(&code_resources_path)?;
fh.write_all(&resources_data)?;
}
// Seal the main executable.
if let Some(exe) = main_exe {
warn!("signing main executable {}", exe.relative_path().display());
let macho_data = std::fs::read(exe.absolute_path())?;
let signer = MachOSigner::new(&macho_data)?;
let mut settings = settings.clone();
// The identifier for the main executable is defined in the bundle's Info.plist.
if let Some(ident) = self
.bundle
.identifier()
.map_err(AppleCodesignError::DirectoryBundle)?
{
info!("setting main executable binary identifier to {} (derived from CFBundleIdentifier in Info.plist)", ident);
settings.set_binary_identifier(SettingsScope::Main, ident);
} else {
info!("unable to determine binary identifier from bundle's Info.plist (CFBundleIdentifier not set?)");
}
settings.import_settings_from_macho(&macho_data)?;
settings.set_code_resources_data(SettingsScope::Main, resources_data);
if let Some(info_plist_data) = info_plist_data {
settings.set_info_plist_data(SettingsScope::Main, info_plist_data);
}
let mut new_data = Vec::<u8>::with_capacity(macho_data.len() + 2_usize.pow(17));
signer.write_signed_binary(&settings, &mut new_data)?;
let dest_path = dest_dir_root.join(exe.relative_path());
info!("writing signed main executable to {}", dest_path.display());
write_macho_file(exe.absolute_path(), &dest_path, &new_data)?;
} else {
warn!("bundle has no main executable to sign specially");
}
DirectoryBundle::new_from_path(&dest_dir_root).map_err(AppleCodesignError::DirectoryBundle)
}src/cli.rs (line 1496)
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fn command_extract(args: &ArgMatches) -> Result<(), AppleCodesignError> {
let path = args
.get_one::<String>("path")
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::CliBadArgument)?;
let format = args
.get_one::<String>("data")
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::CliBadArgument)?;
let index = args.get_one::<String>("universal_index").unwrap();
let index = usize::from_str(index).map_err(|_| AppleCodesignError::CliBadArgument)?;
let data = std::fs::read(path)?;
let mach = MachFile::parse(&data)?;
let macho = mach.nth_macho(index)?;
match format.as_str() {
"blobs" => {
let embedded = macho
.code_signature()?
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::BinaryNoCodeSignature)?;
for blob in embedded.blobs {
let parsed = blob.into_parsed_blob()?;
println!("{parsed:#?}");
}
}
"cms-info" => {
let embedded = macho
.code_signature()?
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::BinaryNoCodeSignature)?;
if let Some(cms) = embedded.signature_data()? {
let signed_data = SignedData::parse_ber(cms)?;
let cd_data = if let Ok(Some(blob)) = embedded.code_directory() {
Some(blob.to_blob_bytes()?)
} else {
None
};
print_signed_data("", &signed_data, cd_data)?;
} else {
eprintln!("no CMS data");
}
}
"cms-pem" => {
let embedded = macho
.code_signature()?
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::BinaryNoCodeSignature)?;
if let Some(cms) = embedded.signature_data()? {
print!(
"{}",
pem::encode(&pem::Pem {
tag: "PKCS7".to_string(),
contents: cms.to_vec(),
})
);
} else {
eprintln!("no CMS data");
}
}
"cms-raw" => {
let embedded = macho
.code_signature()?
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::BinaryNoCodeSignature)?;
if let Some(cms) = embedded.signature_data()? {
std::io::stdout().write_all(cms)?;
} else {
eprintln!("no CMS data");
}
}
"cms" => {
let embedded = macho
.code_signature()?
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::BinaryNoCodeSignature)?;
if let Some(signed_data) = embedded.signed_data()? {
println!("{signed_data:#?}");
} else {
eprintln!("no CMS data");
}
}
"code-directory-raw" => {
let embedded = macho
.code_signature()?
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::BinaryNoCodeSignature)?;
if let Some(blob) = embedded.find_slot(CodeSigningSlot::CodeDirectory) {
std::io::stdout().write_all(blob.data)?;
} else {
eprintln!("no code directory");
}
}
"code-directory-serialized-raw" => {
let embedded = macho
.code_signature()?
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::BinaryNoCodeSignature)?;
if let Ok(Some(cd)) = embedded.code_directory() {
std::io::stdout().write_all(&cd.to_blob_bytes()?)?;
} else {
eprintln!("no code directory");
}
}
"code-directory-serialized" => {
let embedded = macho
.code_signature()?
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::BinaryNoCodeSignature)?;
if let Ok(Some(cd)) = embedded.code_directory() {
let serialized = cd.to_blob_bytes()?;
println!("{:#?}", CodeDirectoryBlob::from_blob_bytes(&serialized)?);
}
}
"code-directory" => {
let embedded = macho
.code_signature()?
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::BinaryNoCodeSignature)?;
if let Some(cd) = embedded.code_directory()? {
println!("{cd:#?}");
} else {
eprintln!("no code directory");
}
}
"linkedit-info" => {
let sig = macho
.find_signature_data()?
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::BinaryNoCodeSignature)?;
println!("__LINKEDIT segment index: {}", sig.linkedit_segment_index);
println!(
"__LINKEDIT segment start offset: {}",
sig.linkedit_segment_start_offset
);
println!(
"__LINKEDIT segment end offset: {}",
sig.linkedit_segment_end_offset
);
println!(
"__LINKEDIT segment size: {}",
sig.linkedit_segment_data.len()
);
println!(
"__LINKEDIT signature global start offset: {}",
sig.linkedit_signature_start_offset
);
println!(
"__LINKEDIT signature global end offset: {}",
sig.linkedit_signature_end_offset
);
println!(
"__LINKEDIT signature local segment start offset: {}",
sig.signature_start_offset
);
println!(
"__LINKEDIT signature local segment end offset: {}",
sig.signature_end_offset
);
println!("__LINKEDIT signature size: {}", sig.signature_data.len());
}
"linkedit-segment-raw" => {
let sig = macho
.find_signature_data()?
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::BinaryNoCodeSignature)?;
std::io::stdout().write_all(sig.linkedit_segment_data)?;
}
"macho-load-commands" => {
println!("load command count: {}", macho.macho.load_commands.len());
for command in &macho.macho.load_commands {
println!(
"{}; offsets=0x{:x}-0x{:x} ({}-{}); size={}",
goblin::mach::load_command::cmd_to_str(command.command.cmd()),
command.offset,
command.offset + command.command.cmdsize(),
command.offset,
command.offset + command.command.cmdsize(),
command.command.cmdsize(),
);
}
}
"macho-segments" => {
println!("segments count: {}", macho.macho.segments.len());
for (segment_index, segment) in macho.macho.segments.iter().enumerate() {
let sections = segment.sections()?;
println!(
"segment #{}; {}; offsets=0x{:x}-0x{:x}; vm/file size {}/{}; section count {}",
segment_index,
segment.name()?,
segment.fileoff,
segment.fileoff as usize + segment.data.len(),
segment.vmsize,
segment.filesize,
sections.len()
);
for (section_index, (section, _)) in sections.into_iter().enumerate() {
println!(
"segment #{}; section #{}: {}; segment offsets=0x{:x}-0x{:x} size {}",
segment_index,
section_index,
section.name()?,
section.offset,
section.offset as u64 + section.size,
section.size
);
}
}
}
"macho-target" => {
if let Some(target) = macho.find_targeting()? {
println!("Platform: {}", target.platform);
println!("Minimum OS: {}", target.minimum_os_version);
println!("SDK: {}", target.sdk_version);
} else {
println!("Unable to resolve Mach-O targeting from load commands");
}
}
"requirements-raw" => {
let embedded = macho
.code_signature()?
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::BinaryNoCodeSignature)?;
if let Some(blob) = embedded.find_slot(CodeSigningSlot::RequirementSet) {
std::io::stdout().write_all(blob.data)?;
} else {
eprintln!("no requirements");
}
}
"requirements-rust" => {
let embedded = macho
.code_signature()?
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::BinaryNoCodeSignature)?;
if let Some(reqs) = embedded.code_requirements()? {
for (typ, req) in &reqs.requirements {
for expr in req.parse_expressions()?.iter() {
println!("{typ} => {expr:#?}");
}
}
} else {
eprintln!("no requirements");
}
}
"requirements-serialized-raw" => {
let embedded = macho
.code_signature()?
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::BinaryNoCodeSignature)?;
if let Some(reqs) = embedded.code_requirements()? {
std::io::stdout().write_all(&reqs.to_blob_bytes()?)?;
} else {
eprintln!("no requirements");
}
}
"requirements-serialized" => {
let embedded = macho
.code_signature()?
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::BinaryNoCodeSignature)?;
if let Some(reqs) = embedded.code_requirements()? {
let serialized = reqs.to_blob_bytes()?;
println!("{:#?}", RequirementSetBlob::from_blob_bytes(&serialized)?);
} else {
eprintln!("no requirements");
}
}
"requirements" => {
let embedded = macho
.code_signature()?
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::BinaryNoCodeSignature)?;
if let Some(reqs) = embedded.code_requirements()? {
for (typ, req) in &reqs.requirements {
for expr in req.parse_expressions()?.iter() {
println!("{typ} => {expr}");
}
}
} else {
eprintln!("no requirements");
}
}
"signature-raw" => {
let sig = macho
.find_signature_data()?
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::BinaryNoCodeSignature)?;
std::io::stdout().write_all(sig.signature_data)?;
}
"superblob" => {
let sig = macho
.find_signature_data()?
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::BinaryNoCodeSignature)?;
let embedded = macho
.code_signature()?
.ok_or(AppleCodesignError::BinaryNoCodeSignature)?;
println!("file start offset: {}", sig.linkedit_signature_start_offset);
println!("file end offset: {}", sig.linkedit_signature_end_offset);
println!("__LINKEDIT start offset: {}", sig.signature_start_offset);
println!("__LINKEDIT end offset: {}", sig.signature_end_offset);
println!("length: {}", embedded.length);
println!("blob count: {}", embedded.count);
println!("blobs:");
for blob in embedded.blobs {
println!("- index: {}", blob.index);
println!(
" offsets: 0x{:x}-0x{:x} ({}-{})",
blob.offset,
blob.offset + blob.length - 1,
blob.offset,
blob.offset + blob.length - 1
);
println!(" length: {}", blob.length);
println!(" slot: {:?}", blob.slot);
println!(" magic: {:?} (0x{:x})", blob.magic, u32::from(blob.magic));
println!(
" sha1: {}",
hex::encode(blob.digest_with(DigestType::Sha1)?)
);
println!(
" sha256: {}",
hex::encode(blob.digest_with(DigestType::Sha256)?)
);
println!(
" sha256-truncated: {}",
hex::encode(blob.digest_with(DigestType::Sha256Truncated)?)
);
println!(
" sha384: {}",
hex::encode(blob.digest_with(DigestType::Sha384)?),
);
println!(
" sha512: {}",
hex::encode(blob.digest_with(DigestType::Sha512)?),
);
println!(
" sha1-base64: {}",
base64::encode(blob.digest_with(DigestType::Sha1)?)
);
println!(
" sha256-base64: {}",
base64::encode(blob.digest_with(DigestType::Sha256)?)
);
println!(
" sha256-truncated-base64: {}",
base64::encode(blob.digest_with(DigestType::Sha256Truncated)?)
);
println!(
" sha384-base64: {}",
base64::encode(blob.digest_with(DigestType::Sha384)?)
);
println!(
" sha512-base64: {}",
base64::encode(blob.digest_with(DigestType::Sha512)?)
);
}
}
_ => panic!("unhandled format: {format}"),
}
Ok(())
}Auto Trait Implementations§
impl<'a> RefUnwindSafe for MachOBinary<'a>
impl<'a> Send for MachOBinary<'a>
impl<'a> Sync for MachOBinary<'a>
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impl<'a> UnwindSafe for MachOBinary<'a>
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§impl<'a, T, E> AsTaggedExplicit<'a, E> for Twhere
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§impl<T> Conv for T
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