alef_backend_zig/gen_bindings/

mod.rs

use alef_core::backend::{Backend, BuildConfig, BuildDependency, Capabilities, GeneratedFile};
use alef_core::config::{AdapterPattern, Language, ResolvedCrateConfig, resolve_output_dir};
use alef_core::ir::{ApiSurface, TypeRef};
use std::fmt::Write as FmtWrite;
use std::path::PathBuf;

use crate::trait_bridge::emit_trait_bridge;

mod errors;
mod functions;
mod helpers;
mod opaque_handles;
mod types;

use errors::emit_error_set;
use functions::emit_function;
use helpers::emit_helpers;
use opaque_handles::emit_opaque_handle;
use types::{emit_enum, emit_type};

fn zig_module_name(crate_name: &str) -> String {
    crate_name.replace('-', "_")
}

pub struct ZigBackend;

fn type_references_excluded(ty: &TypeRef, exclude_types: &std::collections::HashSet<String>) -> bool {
    exclude_types.iter().any(|name| ty.references_named(name))
}

fn signature_references_excluded(
    params: &[alef_core::ir::ParamDef],
    return_type: &TypeRef,
    exclude_types: &std::collections::HashSet<String>,
) -> bool {
    type_references_excluded(return_type, exclude_types)
        || params
            .iter()
            .any(|param| type_references_excluded(&param.ty, exclude_types))
}

impl Backend for ZigBackend {
    fn name(&self) -> &str {
        "zig"
    }

    fn language(&self) -> Language {
        Language::Zig
    }

    fn capabilities(&self) -> Capabilities {
        Capabilities {
            supports_async: false,
            supports_classes: true,
            supports_enums: true,
            supports_option: true,
            supports_result: true,
            supports_callbacks: false,
            supports_streaming: false,
        }
    }

    fn generate_bindings(&self, api: &ApiSurface, config: &ResolvedCrateConfig) -> anyhow::Result<Vec<GeneratedFile>> {
        let module_name = zig_module_name(&config.name);
        let header = config.ffi_header_name();
        let prefix = config.ffi_prefix();

        let mut exclude_functions: std::collections::HashSet<String> = config
            .zig
            .as_ref()
            .map(|c| c.exclude_functions.iter().cloned().collect())
            .unwrap_or_default();
        let mut exclude_types: std::collections::HashSet<String> = config
            .ffi
            .as_ref()
            .map(|c| c.exclude_types.iter().cloned().collect())
            .unwrap_or_default();
        if let Some(zig) = &config.zig {
            exclude_types.extend(zig.exclude_types.iter().cloned());
        }
        if let Some(ffi) = &config.ffi {
            exclude_functions.extend(ffi.exclude_functions.iter().cloned());
        }

        let type_is_visible = |name: &str| !exclude_types.contains(name);
        let method_is_visible = |method: &alef_core::ir::MethodDef| {
            !signature_references_excluded(&method.params, &method.return_type, &exclude_types)
        };

        let visible_api;
        let api = if exclude_types.is_empty() {
            api
        } else {
            visible_api = {
                let mut filtered = api.clone();
                filtered.types.retain(|typ| type_is_visible(&typ.name));
                for typ in &mut filtered.types {
                    typ.fields
                        .retain(|field| !type_references_excluded(&field.ty, &exclude_types));
                    typ.methods.retain(method_is_visible);
                }
                filtered.enums.retain(|en| !exclude_types.contains(&en.name));
                filtered
                    .functions
                    .retain(|func| !signature_references_excluded(&func.params, &func.return_type, &exclude_types));
                filtered
            };
            &visible_api
        };

        let mut content = String::new();
        content.push_str("// Generated by alef. Do not edit by hand.\n");
        content.push('\n');
        content.push_str("const std = @import(\"std\");\n");
        content.push_str(&crate::template_env::render(
            "c_import.jinja",
            minijinja::context! {
                header => header,
            },
        ));
        content.push('\n');

        // Emit helper wrappers for FFI error introspection and string ownership.
        emit_helpers(&prefix, &mut content);
        content.push('\n');

        // Z1 fix: emit opaque pointer type aliases for every configured trait bridge
        // that declares a `type_alias`. These aliases are referenced in struct fields
        // (e.g. `visitor: ?VisitorHandle`) but the Zig backend previously never declared
        // them, causing "use of undeclared identifier" errors in Zig 0.16+.
        for bridge in &config.trait_bridges {
            if bridge.exclude_languages.iter().any(|lang| lang == "zig") {
                continue;
            }
            if let Some(alias) = &bridge.type_alias {
                let _ = writeln!(content, "/// Opaque handle for a `{alias}` trait-bridge instance.",);
                let _ = writeln!(content, "pub const {alias} = *anyopaque;");
                content.push('\n');
            }
        }

        for error in &api.errors {
            emit_error_set(error, &mut content);
            content.push('\n');
        }

        for ty in api
            .types
            .iter()
            .filter(|t| !exclude_types.contains(&t.name) && !t.is_opaque && t.has_serde)
        {
            emit_type(ty, &mut content);
            content.push('\n');
        }

        for en in api.enums.iter().filter(|e| !exclude_types.contains(&e.name)) {
            emit_enum(en, &mut content);
            content.push('\n');
        }

        let declared_errors: Vec<String> = api.errors.iter().map(|e| e.name.clone()).collect();
        // Collect all top-level decl names so we can rename param names that would
        // shadow them. Zig 0.16 forbids parameter shadowing of file-scope decls.
        let mut top_level_names: std::collections::HashSet<String> = std::collections::HashSet::new();
        for f in &api.functions {
            top_level_names.insert(f.name.clone());
        }
        for ty in &api.types {
            top_level_names.insert(ty.name.clone());
        }
        for en in &api.enums {
            top_level_names.insert(en.name.clone());
        }
        // Set of struct (non-enum, non-trait) type names. Function parameters
        // typed as `Named(name)` where `name ∈ struct_names` are passed across
        // the FFI as opaque handles via JSON, since cbindgen emits them as
        // opaque types in the generated header.
        let struct_names: std::collections::HashSet<String> = api
            .types
            .iter()
            .filter(|t| !t.is_trait && !t.is_opaque && t.has_serde)
            .map(|t| t.name.clone())
            .collect();
        // For opaque handle types (is_opaque = true or has_serde = false), find the
        // creator function in api.functions that returns that type. The map stores:
        //   opaque_type_name -> (creator_fn_name, config_type_snake_case)
        // Used by emit_function to generate create+use+free patterns for handle params.
        let opaque_creator_map: std::collections::HashMap<String, (String, String)> = {
            let mut map = std::collections::HashMap::new();
            for opaque_ty in api
                .types
                .iter()
                .filter(|t| !t.is_trait && (t.is_opaque || !t.has_serde))
            {
                if let Some(creator) = api
                    .functions
                    .iter()
                    .find(|f| matches!(&f.return_type, alef_core::ir::TypeRef::Named(n) if n == &opaque_ty.name))
                {
                    if let Some(config_param) = creator.params.first() {
                        if let Some(config_name) = functions::opaque_type_name_inner(&config_param.ty) {
                            map.insert(
                                opaque_ty.name.clone(),
                                (creator.name.clone(), heck::AsSnakeCase(config_name).to_string()),
                            );
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            map
        };

        // Functions matching `register_{trait_snake}` / `unregister_{trait_snake}` for
        // any configured trait bridge are emitted by `emit_trait_bridge` with a
        // proper vtable signature. Skip the regular C-FFI shim to avoid duplicate
        // function definitions.
        let trait_bridge_fn_names: std::collections::HashSet<String> = config
            .trait_bridges
            .iter()
            .filter(|b| !b.exclude_languages.iter().any(|lang| lang == "zig"))
            .filter_map(|b| {
                api.types
                    .iter()
                    .find(|t| t.name == b.trait_name && t.is_trait)
                    .map(|t| heck::AsSnakeCase(&t.name).to_string())
            })
            .flat_map(|snake| [format!("register_{snake}"), format!("unregister_{snake}")])
            .collect();
        for f in api.functions.iter().filter(|f| !exclude_functions.contains(&f.name)) {
            if trait_bridge_fn_names.contains(&f.name) {
                continue;
            }
            emit_function(
                f,
                &prefix,
                &declared_errors,
                &top_level_names,
                &struct_names,
                &opaque_creator_map,
                &mut content,
            );
            content.push('\n');
        }

        // Emit C-vtable structs and registration shims for every configured trait bridge.
        // Zig has no inheritance; trait bridges use an `extern struct` of function pointers.
        for bridge_cfg in &config.trait_bridges {
            // Skip if "zig" is listed in exclude_languages for this bridge.
            if bridge_cfg.exclude_languages.iter().any(|lang| lang == "zig") {
                continue;
            }
            if let Some(trait_def) = api.types.iter().find(|t| t.name == bridge_cfg.trait_name && t.is_trait) {
                emit_trait_bridge(&prefix, bridge_cfg, trait_def, &mut content);
                content.push('\n');
            }
        }

        // Build a map of method_name -> item_type for Streaming adapters.
        // Used by emit_opaque_handle to emit iterator-based bodies instead of
        // the generic method wrapper (which would call the callback-based C symbol
        // with the wrong argument count).
        let streaming_item_types: std::collections::HashMap<String, String> = config
            .adapters
            .iter()
            .filter(|a| matches!(a.pattern, AdapterPattern::Streaming))
            .filter_map(|a| a.item_type.as_ref().map(|item| (a.name.clone(), item.clone())))
            .collect();

        // Emit Zig struct wrappers for opaque handle types that have methods.
        // These types are pointer-wrapped C handles; they are not JSON-serializable
        // and require method dispatch via the FFI symbol naming convention
        // `{prefix}_{snake_type}_{snake_method}`.
        for ty in api
            .types
            .iter()
            .filter(|t| !t.is_trait && (t.is_opaque || !t.has_serde) && !t.methods.is_empty())
            .filter(|t| !exclude_types.contains(&t.name))
        {
            emit_opaque_handle(
                ty,
                &prefix,
                &declared_errors,
                &struct_names,
                &streaming_item_types,
                &mut content,
            );
            content.push('\n');
        }

        let dir = resolve_output_dir(None, &config.name, "packages/zig/src");
        let path = PathBuf::from(dir).join(format!("{module_name}.zig"));

        Ok(vec![GeneratedFile {
            path,
            content,
            generated_header: false,
        }])
    }

    fn build_config(&self) -> Option<BuildConfig> {
        Some(BuildConfig {
            tool: "zig",
            crate_suffix: "",
            build_dep: BuildDependency::Ffi,
            post_build: vec![],
        })
    }
}