aft/callgraph_store/

mod.rs

//! Persistent call/reference graph sidecar.
//!
//! Phase 1 intentionally keeps this substrate self-contained: callers can build
//! and query the sidecar directly, but no runtime command reads from it yet.

use crate::cache_freshness::{self, FileFreshness, FreshnessVerdict};
use crate::callgraph::{self, EdgeResolution, FileCallData};
use crate::error::AftError;
use crate::imports::{ImportKind, ImportStatement};
use crate::parser::LangId;
use crate::symbols::{Range, SymbolKind};
use rayon::prelude::*;
use rusqlite::{params, Connection, OpenFlags, OptionalExtension, Transaction};
use std::collections::{hash_map::Entry, BTreeMap, BTreeSet, HashMap, HashSet, VecDeque};
use std::fmt;
use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
use std::time::{Duration, Instant, SystemTime, UNIX_EPOCH};

const SCHEMA_VERSION: i64 = 1;
const BACKEND_TREESITTER: &str = "treesitter";
const PROVENANCE_TREESITTER: &str = "treesitter+resolver";
const PROVENANCE_NAME_MATCH: &str = "name_match";
const PROVENANCE_TYPE_MATCH: &str = "type_match";
const NAME_MATCH_SCORE_THRESHOLD: f64 = 2.0;
const TOP_LEVEL_SYMBOL: &str = "<top-level>";
const JS_TS_EXTENSIONS: &[&str] = &["ts", "tsx", "mts", "cts", "js", "jsx", "mjs", "cjs"];

type ColdBuildSwapObserver = dyn Fn(&Path, &Path) + Send + Sync + 'static;
// THREAD-LOCAL, not a process-global: the observer fires synchronously on the
// thread running the cold build, and the only caller (a test) installs and
// clears it on its own thread. A process-global `Mutex<Option<...>>` raced
// across parallel tests — one test's installed observer fired during ANOTHER
// test's `cold_build_with_lease`, asserting against the wrong build's edges
// (flaked on Windows CI under parallel scheduling). Production never sets it.
thread_local! {
    static COLD_BUILD_SWAP_OBSERVER: std::cell::RefCell<Option<Arc<ColdBuildSwapObserver>>> =
        const { std::cell::RefCell::new(None) };
}

mod dead_code_projection;
pub use dead_code_projection::project_dead_code_snapshot;

#[doc(hidden)]
pub fn set_cold_build_swap_observer(observer: Option<Arc<ColdBuildSwapObserver>>) {
    COLD_BUILD_SWAP_OBSERVER.with(|slot| *slot.borrow_mut() = observer);
}

fn notify_cold_build_swap_observer(temp_path: &Path, target_path: &Path) {
    let observer = COLD_BUILD_SWAP_OBSERVER.with(|slot| slot.borrow().clone());
    if let Some(observer) = observer {
        observer(temp_path, target_path);
    }
}

#[derive(Debug)]
pub enum CallGraphStoreError {
    Io(std::io::Error),
    Sqlite(rusqlite::Error),
    Json(serde_json::Error),
    Aft(AftError),
    Lock(crate::fs_lock::AcquireError),
    MissingCallerData { file: String },
    Unavailable(String),
    StaleFiles(Vec<String>),
}

impl fmt::Display for CallGraphStoreError {
    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        match self {
            Self::Io(error) => write!(formatter, "I/O error: {error}"),
            Self::Sqlite(error) => write!(formatter, "sqlite error: {error}"),
            Self::Json(error) => write!(formatter, "json error: {error}"),
            Self::Aft(error) => write!(formatter, "callgraph extraction error: {error}"),
            Self::Lock(error) => write!(formatter, "callgraph build lock error: {error}"),
            Self::MissingCallerData { file } => {
                write!(formatter, "missing extracted caller data for {file}")
            }
            Self::Unavailable(message) => {
                write!(formatter, "callgraph store unavailable: {message}")
            }
            Self::StaleFiles(files) => {
                write!(
                    formatter,
                    "callgraph store has stale files: {}",
                    files.join(", ")
                )
            }
        }
    }
}

impl std::error::Error for CallGraphStoreError {}

impl From<std::io::Error> for CallGraphStoreError {
    fn from(error: std::io::Error) -> Self {
        Self::Io(error)
    }
}

impl From<rusqlite::Error> for CallGraphStoreError {
    fn from(error: rusqlite::Error) -> Self {
        Self::Sqlite(error)
    }
}

impl From<serde_json::Error> for CallGraphStoreError {
    fn from(error: serde_json::Error) -> Self {
        Self::Json(error)
    }
}

impl From<AftError> for CallGraphStoreError {
    fn from(error: AftError) -> Self {
        Self::Aft(error)
    }
}

impl From<crate::fs_lock::AcquireError> for CallGraphStoreError {
    fn from(error: crate::fs_lock::AcquireError) -> Self {
        Self::Lock(error)
    }
}

pub type Result<T> = std::result::Result<T, CallGraphStoreError>;

/// Runtime gate name for Phase-1 callers. The substrate is compiled and tested,
/// but production commands should only open it through `open_if_enabled` until
/// Phase 2 migrates consumers.
pub const CALLGRAPH_STORE_FLAG: &str = "callgraph_store";

#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct CallGraphStoreOptions {
    pub enabled: bool,
}

#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct CallGraphStore {
    project_root: PathBuf,
    project_key: String,
    /// The concrete on-disk DB file this store opened. With the generation
    /// scheme this is `<dir>/<key>.g<...>.sqlite` (resolved via the pointer) or,
    /// for a pre-generation store, the legacy `<dir>/<key>.sqlite`.
    sqlite_path: PathBuf,
    /// The generation file NAME this store opened (e.g. `<key>.g<nanos>.<pid>.sqlite`),
    /// or `None` when it opened the legacy single-file DB. Used to detect when
    /// another process has published a newer generation so this process can
    /// drop its connection and reopen (see `current_generation`).
    generation: Option<String>,
    conn: Mutex<Connection>,
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct ColdBuildStats {
    pub files: usize,
    pub nodes: usize,
    pub refs: usize,
    pub edges: usize,
    pub failed_files: Vec<String>,
    pub elapsed_ms: u128,
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct IncrementalStats {
    pub changed_files: Vec<String>,
    pub surface_changed: Vec<String>,
    pub deleted_files: Vec<String>,
    pub dependency_selected_refs: usize,
    pub refreshed_own_files: usize,
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
pub struct StoredEdge {
    pub source_file: String,
    pub source_symbol: String,
    pub target_file: String,
    pub target_symbol: String,
    pub kind: String,
    pub line: u32,
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct StoreNode {
    node_id: String,
    pub file: String,
    pub symbol: String,
    pub name: String,
    pub kind: String,
    pub line: u32,
    pub end_line: u32,
    pub signature: Option<String>,
    pub exported: bool,
    pub is_entry_point: bool,
    pub lang: LangId,
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct StoreCallSite {
    pub caller: StoreNode,
    pub target_file: String,
    pub target_symbol: String,
    pub target: Option<StoreNode>,
    pub line: u32,
    pub byte_start: usize,
    pub byte_end: usize,
    pub resolved: bool,
    pub provenance: String,
}

impl StoreCallSite {
    pub fn approximate(&self) -> bool {
        self.provenance == PROVENANCE_NAME_MATCH
    }

    pub fn resolved_by(&self) -> &str {
        &self.provenance
    }

    pub fn supplemental_resolution(&self) -> Option<&str> {
        match self.provenance.as_str() {
            PROVENANCE_NAME_MATCH | PROVENANCE_TYPE_MATCH => Some(self.provenance.as_str()),
            _ => None,
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct StoreUnresolvedCall {
    pub caller: StoreNode,
    pub symbol: String,
    pub full_ref: Option<String>,
    pub line: u32,
    pub byte_start: usize,
    pub byte_end: usize,
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct StoreCallersResult {
    pub target: StoreNode,
    pub callers: Vec<StoreCallSite>,
    pub scanned_files: usize,
    pub depth_limited: bool,
    pub truncated: usize,
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct StoreImpactCaller {
    pub site: StoreCallSite,
    pub signature: Option<String>,
    pub is_entry_point: bool,
    pub call_expression: Option<String>,
    pub parameters: Vec<String>,
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct StoreImpactResult {
    pub target: StoreNode,
    pub parameters: Vec<String>,
    pub callers: Vec<StoreImpactCaller>,
    pub depth_limited: bool,
    pub truncated: usize,
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
struct ExtractFailure {
    rel_path: String,
    freshness: Option<FileFreshness>,
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
struct BuildExtractsResult {
    extracts: Vec<FileExtract>,
    failures: Vec<ExtractFailure>,
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
enum StoreForwardCall {
    Resolved(StoreCallSite),
    Unresolved(StoreUnresolvedCall),
}

impl StoreForwardCall {
    fn byte_start(&self) -> usize {
        match self {
            Self::Resolved(site) => site.byte_start,
            Self::Unresolved(call) => call.byte_start,
        }
    }

    fn line(&self) -> u32 {
        match self {
            Self::Resolved(site) => site.line,
            Self::Unresolved(call) => call.line,
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
struct FileExtract {
    abs_path: PathBuf,
    rel_path: String,
    freshness: FileFreshness,
    lang: LangId,
    data: FileCallData,
    nodes: Vec<NodeRecord>,
    raw_refs: Vec<RawRef>,
    dispatch_hints: Vec<DispatchHint>,
    surface_fingerprint: String,
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
struct NodeRecord {
    id: String,
    file_path: String,
    name: String,
    scoped_name: String,
    kind: String,
    range: Range,
    range_ordinal: u32,
    signature: Option<String>,
    exported: bool,
    is_default_export: bool,
    is_type_like: bool,
    is_callgraph_entry_point: bool,
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
struct RawRef {
    ref_id: String,
    caller_node: Option<String>,
    caller_symbol: Option<String>,
    caller_file: String,
    kind: String,
    short_name: Option<String>,
    full_ref: Option<String>,
    module_path: Option<String>,
    import_kind: Option<String>,
    local_name: Option<String>,
    requested_name: Option<String>,
    namespace_alias: Option<String>,
    wildcard: bool,
    line: u32,
    byte_start: usize,
    byte_end: usize,
    dependencies: BTreeSet<String>,
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
struct ResolvedRef {
    raw: RawRef,
    status: String,
    target_node: Option<String>,
    target_file: Option<String>,
    target_symbol: Option<String>,
    dependencies: BTreeSet<String>,
    edge: Option<EdgeRecord>,
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
struct EdgeRecord {
    edge_id: String,
    source_node: String,
    target_node: Option<String>,
    target_file: String,
    target_symbol: String,
    kind: String,
    line: u32,
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
struct DispatchHint {
    id: String,
    method_name: String,
    caller_node: String,
    file: String,
    line: u32,
    byte_start: usize,
    byte_end: usize,
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
struct NameMatchRef {
    ref_id: String,
    caller_node: String,
    caller_file: String,
    caller_symbol: String,
    caller_signature: Option<String>,
    receiver: String,
    method_name: String,
    colon_dispatch: bool,
    line: u32,
    lang: String,
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
struct NameMatchCandidate {
    node_id: String,
    file_path: String,
    scoped_name: String,
    kind: String,
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
struct FileRow {
    surface_fingerprint: String,
    freshness: FileFreshness,
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
struct DbFileIndex {
    lang: Option<LangId>,
    exports: HashSet<String>,
    default_export: Option<String>,
    export_aliases: HashMap<String, String>,
    node_by_scoped: HashMap<String, String>,
    node_by_bare: HashMap<String, String>,
    module_targets: HashMap<String, Option<String>>,
    reexports: Vec<ReexportIndex>,
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
struct ReexportIndex {
    target_file: Option<String>,
    named: HashMap<String, String>,
    wildcard: bool,
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
struct ProjectIndex<'a> {
    project_root: PathBuf,
    files: HashMap<String, DbFileIndex>,
    caller_data: HashMap<String, &'a FileCallData>,
    /// Lazily-built `crate_name -> src prefix` map for Rust workspace resolution.
    /// Built once (whole-tree walk) on first qualified-ref resolution and reused,
    /// instead of re-walking the project per ref. Skipped entirely when no Rust
    /// workspace ref is resolved (e.g. warm query path with no Rust changes).
    workspace_crate_prefixes: std::sync::OnceLock<HashMap<String, String>>,
}

impl ProjectIndex<'_> {
    /// Resolve a crate name to its `src` prefix, building the workspace map on
    /// first use. The map walks the project tree exactly once per index.
    fn crate_src_prefix(&self, crate_name: &str) -> Option<String> {
        self.workspace_crate_prefixes
            .get_or_init(|| build_workspace_crate_prefixes(&self.project_root))
            .get(crate_name)
            .cloned()
    }
}

impl CallGraphStore {
    pub fn open_if_enabled(
        options: CallGraphStoreOptions,
        callgraph_dir: PathBuf,
        project_root: PathBuf,
    ) -> Result<Option<Self>> {
        if !options.enabled {
            return Ok(None);
        }
        Self::open(callgraph_dir, project_root).map(Some)
    }

    pub fn open(callgraph_dir: PathBuf, project_root: PathBuf) -> Result<Self> {
        std::fs::create_dir_all(&callgraph_dir)?;
        let project_key = crate::search_index::project_cache_key(&project_root);
        // Resolve the current generation via the pointer (falling back to the
        // legacy single-file DB). If nothing is published yet, open the legacy
        // path so a brand-new store still gets a writable DB + schema.
        let (sqlite_path, generation) = resolve_ready_target(&callgraph_dir, &project_key)
            .unwrap_or_else(|| (legacy_sqlite_path(&callgraph_dir, &project_key), None));
        Self::open_at_path(project_root, project_key, sqlite_path, generation, true)
    }

    pub fn open_readonly(callgraph_dir: PathBuf, project_root: PathBuf) -> Result<Option<Self>> {
        let project_key = crate::search_index::project_cache_key(&project_root);
        let Some((sqlite_path, generation)) = resolve_ready_target(&callgraph_dir, &project_key)
        else {
            return Ok(None);
        };
        let conn = Connection::open_with_flags(&sqlite_path, OpenFlags::SQLITE_OPEN_READ_ONLY)?;
        conn.busy_timeout(Duration::from_millis(5_000))?;
        if !database_ready(&conn).unwrap_or(false) {
            return Ok(None);
        }
        Ok(Some(Self::from_connection(
            project_root,
            project_key,
            sqlite_path,
            generation,
            conn,
        )))
    }

    pub fn cold_build_with_lease(
        callgraph_dir: PathBuf,
        project_root: PathBuf,
        files: &[PathBuf],
    ) -> Result<(Self, ColdBuildStats)> {
        std::fs::create_dir_all(&callgraph_dir)?;
        let project_key = crate::search_index::project_cache_key(&project_root);
        let lock_path = callgraph_dir.join(format!("{project_key}.build.lock"));
        let _guard = crate::fs_lock::try_acquire(&lock_path, Duration::from_secs(30))?;
        let (stats, generation) =
            Self::cold_build_publish_locked(&callgraph_dir, &project_root, &project_key, files)?;
        let store = Self::open_generation(&callgraph_dir, project_root, project_key, generation)?;
        Ok((store, stats))
    }

    pub fn ensure_built_with_lease(
        callgraph_dir: PathBuf,
        project_root: PathBuf,
        files: &[PathBuf],
    ) -> Result<(Self, Option<ColdBuildStats>)> {
        std::fs::create_dir_all(&callgraph_dir)?;
        let project_key = crate::search_index::project_cache_key(&project_root);
        let lock_path = callgraph_dir.join(format!("{project_key}.build.lock"));
        let _guard = crate::fs_lock::try_acquire(&lock_path, Duration::from_secs(30))?;
        // Another process may have published a ready generation while we waited
        // for the lock — open it instead of rebuilding.
        if !Self::needs_cold_build(&callgraph_dir, &project_root)? {
            return Ok((Self::open(callgraph_dir, project_root)?, None));
        }
        let (stats, generation) =
            Self::cold_build_publish_locked(&callgraph_dir, &project_root, &project_key, files)?;
        let store = Self::open_generation(&callgraph_dir, project_root, project_key, generation)?;
        Ok((store, Some(stats)))
    }

    /// Build a fresh DB and publish it as a new generation, then atomically flip
    /// the `<key>.current` pointer to it. NEVER replaces an open DB file, so it
    /// succeeds even when other processes hold an older generation open (the
    /// multi-TUI Windows case). The builder owns the temp + generation files
    /// exclusively (unique pid+nanos names), so it can rename/replace them
    /// freely; only the tiny pointer is shared, and only Rust std touches it.
    ///
    /// Returns the published generation file name so callers open exactly the
    /// generation they built (avoiding a race where a concurrent build's flip
    /// would otherwise reopen a different generation).
    fn cold_build_publish_locked(
        callgraph_dir: &Path,
        project_root: &Path,
        project_key: &str,
        files: &[PathBuf],
    ) -> Result<(ColdBuildStats, String)> {
        let generation = generation_file_name(project_key);
        let gen_path = callgraph_dir.join(&generation);
        let temp_path = callgraph_dir.join(format!(
            "{generation}.tmp.{}.{}",
            std::process::id(),
            now_nanos()
        ));
        remove_sqlite_file_set(&temp_path);

        let stats = {
            let temp_store = Self::open_at_path(
                project_root.to_path_buf(),
                project_key.to_string(),
                temp_path.clone(),
                None,
                false,
            )?;
            let stats = temp_store.cold_build(files)?;
            temp_store.prepare_for_atomic_swap()?;
            stats
        };

        // Move the finished build to its final generation path. This target is
        // brand-new and owned by us, so the rename never hits an open file.
        remove_sqlite_file_set(&gen_path);
        std::fs::rename(&temp_path, &gen_path)?;
        remove_sqlite_sidecars(&gen_path);

        notify_cold_build_swap_observer(&temp_path, &gen_path);

        // Atomically publish the new generation, then best-effort GC old ones.
        publish_pointer(callgraph_dir, project_key, &generation)?;
        gc_old_generations(callgraph_dir, project_key, &generation);
        Ok((stats, generation))
    }

    /// Open a specific just-published generation (read-write, WAL) so a builder
    /// returns a store pinned to exactly what it built.
    fn open_generation(
        callgraph_dir: &Path,
        project_root: PathBuf,
        project_key: String,
        generation: String,
    ) -> Result<Self> {
        let gen_path = callgraph_dir.join(&generation);
        Self::open_at_path(project_root, project_key, gen_path, Some(generation), true)
    }

    pub fn needs_cold_build(callgraph_dir: &Path, project_root: &Path) -> Result<bool> {
        let project_key = crate::search_index::project_cache_key(project_root);
        // A cold build is needed unless a ready generation (or ready legacy DB)
        // is currently published.
        Ok(resolve_ready_target(callgraph_dir, &project_key).is_none())
    }

    fn open_at_path(
        project_root: PathBuf,
        project_key: String,
        sqlite_path: PathBuf,
        generation: Option<String>,
        use_wal: bool,
    ) -> Result<Self> {
        if let Some(parent) = sqlite_path.parent() {
            std::fs::create_dir_all(parent)?;
        }
        let conn = Connection::open(&sqlite_path)?;
        if use_wal {
            configure_connection(&conn)?;
        } else {
            configure_build_connection(&conn)?;
        }
        initialize_schema(&conn)?;
        Ok(Self::from_connection(
            project_root,
            project_key,
            sqlite_path,
            generation,
            conn,
        ))
    }

    fn prepare_for_atomic_swap(&self) -> Result<()> {
        let conn = self.conn.lock().expect("callgraph store mutex poisoned");
        conn.execute_batch("PRAGMA wal_checkpoint(TRUNCATE); PRAGMA journal_mode=DELETE;")?;
        Ok(())
    }

    fn from_connection(
        project_root: PathBuf,
        project_key: String,
        sqlite_path: PathBuf,
        generation: Option<String>,
        conn: Connection,
    ) -> Self {
        Self {
            project_root,
            project_key,
            sqlite_path,
            generation,
            conn: Mutex::new(conn),
        }
    }

    pub fn project_root(&self) -> &Path {
        &self.project_root
    }

    pub fn project_key(&self) -> &str {
        &self.project_key
    }

    pub fn sqlite_path(&self) -> &Path {
        &self.sqlite_path
    }

    /// True if this store still reflects the currently-published generation.
    /// Cheap (one small pointer-file read). When false, another process (or a
    /// local cold rebuild) has published a newer generation and the holder
    /// should drop this store and reopen via the pointer to converge. A missing
    /// pointer keeps the current store (legacy DB still valid, or transient).
    pub fn is_current(&self) -> bool {
        let Some(dir) = self.sqlite_path.parent() else {
            return true;
        };
        match (read_pointer(dir, &self.project_key), &self.generation) {
            (Some(published), Some(opened)) => &published == opened,
            // A generation now supersedes the legacy single-file DB we opened.
            (Some(_), None) => false,
            // No pointer: keep serving (legacy DB, or an anomalous pointer
            // removal where our open generation file is still valid).
            (None, _) => true,
        }
    }

    pub fn cold_build(&self, files: &[PathBuf]) -> Result<ColdBuildStats> {
        let started = Instant::now();
        let bench = std::env::var("AFT_BENCH_COLD").is_ok();
        macro_rules! phase {
            ($label:expr, $t:expr) => {
                if bench {
                    eprintln!("  cold_build[{}]: {} ms", $label, $t.elapsed().as_millis());
                    let _ = std::io::Write::flush(&mut std::io::stderr());
                }
            };
        }
        let files = normalize_file_list(&self.project_root, files)?;
        let t = Instant::now();
        let build = build_extracts_parallel(&self.project_root, &files);
        phase!("extract_parallel", t);
        let extracts = build.extracts;
        let failures = build.failures;
        let node_count = extracts.iter().map(|extract| extract.nodes.len()).sum();

        let t = Instant::now();
        let index = ProjectIndex::from_extracts(&self.project_root, &extracts);
        phase!("build_index", t);
        let t = Instant::now();
        let mut resolved_refs = Vec::new();
        for extract in &extracts {
            for raw_ref in &extract.raw_refs {
                resolved_refs.push(resolve_ref(raw_ref.clone(), &index)?);
            }
        }
        phase!("resolve_refs", t);
        let ref_count = resolved_refs.len();
        let edge_count = resolved_refs
            .iter()
            .filter(|item| item.edge.is_some())
            .count();

        let t = Instant::now();
        let mut conn = self.conn.lock().expect("callgraph store mutex poisoned");
        let tx = conn.transaction()?;
        clear_tables(&tx)?;
        insert_meta(&tx)?;
        for extract in &extracts {
            insert_file_extract(&tx, &self.project_root, extract)?;
        }
        for failure in &failures {
            mark_backend_state(
                &tx,
                &self.project_root,
                &failure.rel_path,
                failure
                    .freshness
                    .as_ref()
                    .map(|freshness| &freshness.content_hash),
                "stale",
            )?;
        }
        for resolved in &resolved_refs {
            insert_resolved_ref(&tx, resolved)?;
        }
        let supplemental_edge_count = insert_method_dispatch_edges(&tx, &self.project_root, None)?;
        set_meta_ready(&tx, true)?;
        tx.commit()?;
        phase!("sqlite_insert", t);

        Ok(ColdBuildStats {
            files: extracts.len(),
            nodes: node_count,
            refs: ref_count,
            edges: edge_count + supplemental_edge_count,
            failed_files: failures
                .into_iter()
                .map(|failure| failure.rel_path)
                .collect(),
            elapsed_ms: started.elapsed().as_millis(),
        })
    }

    pub fn refresh_files(&self, changed_files: &[PathBuf]) -> Result<IncrementalStats> {
        let mut conn = self.conn.lock().expect("callgraph store mutex poisoned");
        let tx = conn.transaction()?;
        ensure_database_ready(&tx)?;
        let mut changed = Vec::new();
        let mut surface_changed = BTreeSet::new();
        let mut deleted = BTreeSet::new();
        let mut own_refresh = BTreeSet::new();
        let mut selected_ref_ids = BTreeSet::new();
        let mut changed_extracts: HashMap<String, FileExtract> = HashMap::new();

        for input in changed_files {
            let abs_path = normalize_file_path(&self.project_root, input)?;
            let rel_path = relative_path(&self.project_root, &abs_path);
            changed.push(rel_path.clone());
            let old_row = load_file_row(&tx, &rel_path)?;
            if !abs_path.exists() {
                if old_row.is_some() {
                    surface_changed.insert(rel_path.clone());
                    deleted.insert(rel_path.clone());
                    selected_ref_ids.extend(ref_ids_depending_on(
                        &tx,
                        &self.project_root,
                        &rel_path,
                    )?);
                    delete_file_rows(&tx, &rel_path)?;
                    mark_backend_state(&tx, &self.project_root, &rel_path, None, "stale")?;
                }
                continue;
            }

            if let Some(row) = &old_row {
                match cache_freshness::verify_file(&abs_path, &row.freshness) {
                    FreshnessVerdict::HotFresh => continue,
                    FreshnessVerdict::ContentFresh {
                        new_mtime,
                        new_size,
                    } => {
                        update_file_fresh_metadata(
                            &tx,
                            &rel_path,
                            &row.freshness.content_hash,
                            new_mtime,
                            new_size,
                        )?;
                        continue;
                    }
                    FreshnessVerdict::Deleted => {
                        surface_changed.insert(rel_path.clone());
                        deleted.insert(rel_path.clone());
                        selected_ref_ids.extend(ref_ids_depending_on(
                            &tx,
                            &self.project_root,
                            &rel_path,
                        )?);
                        delete_file_rows(&tx, &rel_path)?;
                        mark_backend_state(&tx, &self.project_root, &rel_path, None, "stale")?;
                        continue;
                    }
                    FreshnessVerdict::Stale => {}
                }
            }

            let extract = build_file_extract(&self.project_root, &abs_path)?;
            let surface_is_changed = old_row
                .as_ref()
                .map(|row| row.surface_fingerprint != extract.surface_fingerprint)
                .unwrap_or(true);
            if surface_is_changed {
                surface_changed.insert(rel_path.clone());
                selected_ref_ids.extend(ref_ids_depending_on(&tx, &self.project_root, &rel_path)?);
            }
            own_refresh.insert(rel_path.clone());
            delete_file_rows(&tx, &rel_path)?;
            insert_file_extract(&tx, &self.project_root, &extract)?;
            changed_extracts.insert(rel_path, extract);
        }

        let dependency_selected_refs = selected_ref_ids.len();
        let selected_refs_by_caller = refs_by_caller_for_ref_ids(&tx, &selected_ref_ids)?;
        let mut touched_callers: BTreeSet<String> =
            selected_refs_by_caller.keys().cloned().collect();
        touched_callers.extend(own_refresh.iter().cloned());

        let mut caller_extracts: HashMap<String, FileExtract> = HashMap::new();
        for rel_path in &touched_callers {
            if deleted.contains(rel_path) {
                continue;
            }
            if let Some(extract) = changed_extracts.get(rel_path) {
                caller_extracts.insert(rel_path.clone(), extract.clone());
                continue;
            }
            let abs_path = self.project_root.join(rel_path);
            if abs_path.exists() {
                let extract = build_file_extract(&self.project_root, &abs_path)?;
                caller_extracts.insert(rel_path.clone(), extract);
            }
        }

        let index = ProjectIndex::from_db_and_callers(&tx, &self.project_root, &caller_extracts)?;
        for rel_path in &touched_callers {
            if deleted.contains(rel_path) {
                continue;
            }
            let Some(extract) = caller_extracts.get(rel_path) else {
                continue;
            };
            if own_refresh.contains(rel_path) {
                delete_refs_for_caller(&tx, rel_path)?;
                for raw_ref in &extract.raw_refs {
                    let resolved = resolve_ref(raw_ref.clone(), &index)?;
                    insert_resolved_ref(&tx, &resolved)?;
                }
                continue;
            }

            let selected_for_caller = selected_refs_by_caller
                .get(rel_path)
                .cloned()
                .unwrap_or_default();
            delete_ref_ids(&tx, &selected_for_caller)?;
            for raw_ref in &extract.raw_refs {
                if selected_for_caller.contains(&raw_ref.ref_id) {
                    let resolved = resolve_ref(raw_ref.clone(), &index)?;
                    insert_resolved_ref(&tx, &resolved)?;
                }
            }
        }

        delete_method_dispatch_edges_for_callers(&tx, &own_refresh)?;
        insert_method_dispatch_edges(&tx, &self.project_root, Some(&own_refresh))?;

        tx.commit()?;
        Ok(IncrementalStats {
            changed_files: changed,
            surface_changed: surface_changed.into_iter().collect(),
            deleted_files: deleted.into_iter().collect(),
            dependency_selected_refs,
            refreshed_own_files: own_refresh.len(),
        })
    }

    pub fn refresh_corpus(&self, current_files: &[PathBuf]) -> Result<ColdBuildStats> {
        self.cold_build(current_files)
    }

    pub fn mark_files_stale(&self, files: &[PathBuf]) -> Result<Vec<String>> {
        let mut conn = self.conn.lock().expect("callgraph store mutex poisoned");
        let tx = conn.transaction()?;
        let mut marked = Vec::new();
        for path in files {
            let abs_path = normalize_file_path(&self.project_root, path)?;
            let rel_path = relative_path(&self.project_root, &abs_path);
            let freshness = cache_freshness::collect(&abs_path).ok();
            mark_backend_state(
                &tx,
                &self.project_root,
                &rel_path,
                freshness.as_ref().map(|freshness| &freshness.content_hash),
                "stale",
            )?;
            marked.push(rel_path);
        }
        tx.commit()?;
        marked.sort();
        marked.dedup();
        Ok(marked)
    }

    pub fn stale_files(&self) -> Result<Vec<String>> {
        let conn = self.conn.lock().expect("callgraph store mutex poisoned");
        let mut stmt = conn.prepare(
            "SELECT DISTINCT file_path FROM backend_file_state
             WHERE backend = ?1 AND workspace_root = ?2 AND status = 'stale'
             ORDER BY file_path",
        )?;
        let rows = stmt.query_map(
            params![BACKEND_TREESITTER, self.project_root.display().to_string()],
            |row| row.get::<_, String>(0),
        )?;
        rows.collect::<std::result::Result<Vec<_>, _>>()
            .map_err(Into::into)
    }

    pub fn backend_status_for_file(&self, file: &Path) -> Result<Option<String>> {
        let rel_path = relative_path(
            &self.project_root,
            &normalize_file_path(&self.project_root, file)?,
        );
        let conn = self.conn.lock().expect("callgraph store mutex poisoned");
        conn.query_row(
            "SELECT status FROM backend_file_state
             WHERE backend = ?1 AND workspace_root = ?2 AND file_path = ?3
             ORDER BY updated_at DESC LIMIT 1",
            params![
                BACKEND_TREESITTER,
                self.project_root.display().to_string(),
                rel_path
            ],
            |row| row.get(0),
        )
        .optional()
        .map_err(Into::into)
    }

    pub fn edge_snapshot(&self) -> Result<BTreeSet<StoredEdge>> {
        let conn = self.conn.lock().expect("callgraph store mutex poisoned");
        ensure_database_ready(&conn)?;
        edge_snapshot_with_conn(&conn)
    }

    pub fn indexed_file_count(&self) -> Result<usize> {
        let conn = self.conn.lock().expect("callgraph store mutex poisoned");
        ensure_database_ready(&conn)?;
        indexed_file_count(&conn)
    }

    pub fn node_for(&self, file_rel: &Path, symbol: &str) -> Result<StoreNode> {
        let abs_path = normalize_file_path(&self.project_root, file_rel)?;
        let rel_path = relative_path(&self.project_root, &abs_path);
        let conn = self.conn.lock().expect("callgraph store mutex poisoned");
        ensure_database_ready(&conn)?;
        resolve_node_for_rel(&conn, &rel_path, symbol)
    }

    /// Return all positional nodes matching a legacy symbol query in a file.
    ///
    /// Consumers that need legacy compatibility can collapse these by
    /// `StoreNode::symbol` before deciding whether a query is ambiguous.
    pub fn nodes_for(&self, file_rel: &Path, symbol: &str) -> Result<Vec<StoreNode>> {
        let abs_path = normalize_file_path(&self.project_root, file_rel)?;
        let rel_path = relative_path(&self.project_root, &abs_path);
        let conn = self.conn.lock().expect("callgraph store mutex poisoned");
        ensure_database_ready(&conn)?;
        nodes_for_file_matching_symbol(&conn, &rel_path, symbol)
    }

    /// Return all positional nodes matching a symbol query anywhere in the store.
    pub fn nodes_matching(&self, symbol: &str) -> Result<Vec<StoreNode>> {
        let conn = self.conn.lock().expect("callgraph store mutex poisoned");
        ensure_database_ready(&conn)?;
        nodes_matching_symbol(&conn, symbol)
    }

    /// Return direct callers for an already-resolved `(file, scoped_symbol)` tuple.
    pub fn direct_callers_of(&self, file_rel: &Path, symbol: &str) -> Result<Vec<StoreCallSite>> {
        let abs_path = normalize_file_path(&self.project_root, file_rel)?;
        let rel_path = relative_path(&self.project_root, &abs_path);
        let conn = self.conn.lock().expect("callgraph store mutex poisoned");
        ensure_database_ready(&conn)?;
        direct_callers_for_tuple(&conn, &rel_path, symbol)
    }

    pub fn callers_of(
        &self,
        file_rel: &Path,
        symbol: &str,
        depth: usize,
    ) -> Result<StoreCallersResult> {
        let target = self.node_for(file_rel, symbol)?;
        let conn = self.conn.lock().expect("callgraph store mutex poisoned");
        ensure_database_ready(&conn)?;
        let effective_depth = depth.max(1);
        let mut visited = HashSet::new();
        let mut callers = Vec::new();
        let mut depth_limited = false;
        let mut truncated = 0usize;
        collect_callers_recursive(
            &conn,
            &target.file,
            &target.symbol,
            effective_depth,
            0,
            &mut visited,
            &mut callers,
            &mut depth_limited,
            &mut truncated,
        )?;
        Ok(StoreCallersResult {
            target,
            callers,
            scanned_files: indexed_file_count(&conn)?,
            depth_limited,
            truncated,
        })
    }

    pub fn impact_of(
        &self,
        file_rel: &Path,
        symbol: &str,
        depth: usize,
    ) -> Result<StoreImpactResult> {
        let callers = self.callers_of(file_rel, symbol, depth)?;
        let target_parameters = callers
            .target
            .signature
            .as_deref()
            .map(|signature| callgraph::extract_parameters(signature, callers.target.lang))
            .unwrap_or_default();
        let enriched = callers
            .callers
            .iter()
            .map(|site| StoreImpactCaller {
                site: site.clone(),
                signature: site.caller.signature.clone(),
                is_entry_point: site.caller.is_entry_point,
                call_expression: read_source_line(
                    &self.project_root.join(&site.caller.file),
                    site.line,
                ),
                parameters: site
                    .caller
                    .signature
                    .as_deref()
                    .map(|signature| callgraph::extract_parameters(signature, site.caller.lang))
                    .unwrap_or_default(),
            })
            .collect();
        Ok(StoreImpactResult {
            target: callers.target,
            parameters: target_parameters,
            callers: enriched,
            depth_limited: callers.depth_limited,
            truncated: callers.truncated,
        })
    }

    pub fn outgoing_calls_of(&self, node: &StoreNode) -> Result<Vec<StoreCallSite>> {
        let conn = self.conn.lock().expect("callgraph store mutex poisoned");
        ensure_database_ready(&conn)?;
        outgoing_calls_for_node(&conn, node)
    }

    pub fn unresolved_calls_of(&self, node: &StoreNode) -> Result<Vec<StoreUnresolvedCall>> {
        let conn = self.conn.lock().expect("callgraph store mutex poisoned");
        ensure_database_ready(&conn)?;
        unresolved_calls_for_node(&conn, node)
    }

    pub fn call_tree(
        &self,
        file_rel: &Path,
        symbol: &str,
        max_depth: usize,
    ) -> Result<callgraph::CallTreeNode> {
        let node = self.node_for(file_rel, symbol)?;
        let conn = self.conn.lock().expect("callgraph store mutex poisoned");
        ensure_database_ready(&conn)?;
        let mut visited = HashSet::new();
        call_tree_inner(&conn, &node, max_depth, 0, &mut visited)
    }

    pub fn trace_to(
        &self,
        file_rel: &Path,
        symbol: &str,
        max_depth: usize,
    ) -> Result<callgraph::TraceToResult> {
        let target = self.node_for(file_rel, symbol)?;
        let conn = self.conn.lock().expect("callgraph store mutex poisoned");
        ensure_database_ready(&conn)?;
        let effective_max = if max_depth == 0 { 10 } else { max_depth };

        #[derive(Clone)]
        struct PathElem {
            node: StoreNode,
        }

        let initial = vec![PathElem {
            node: target.clone(),
        }];
        let mut complete_paths = Vec::new();
        if target.is_entry_point {
            complete_paths.push(initial.clone());
        }

        let mut queue = vec![(initial, 0usize)];
        let mut max_depth_reached = false;
        let mut truncated_paths = 0usize;

        while let Some((path, depth)) = queue.pop() {
            if depth >= effective_max {
                max_depth_reached = true;
                continue;
            }
            let Some(current) = path.last() else {
                continue;
            };
            let callers =
                direct_callers_for_tuple(&conn, &current.node.file, &current.node.symbol)?;
            if callers.is_empty() {
                if path.len() > 1 {
                    truncated_paths += 1;
                }
                continue;
            }

            let mut has_new_path = false;
            for site in callers {
                if path.iter().any(|elem| {
                    elem.node.file == site.caller.file && elem.node.symbol == site.caller.symbol
                }) {
                    continue;
                }
                has_new_path = true;
                let mut new_path = path.clone();
                new_path.push(PathElem {
                    node: site.caller.clone(),
                });
                if site.caller.is_entry_point {
                    complete_paths.push(new_path.clone());
                }
                queue.push((new_path, depth + 1));
            }
            if !has_new_path && path.len() > 1 {
                truncated_paths += 1;
            }
        }

        let mut paths: Vec<callgraph::TracePath> = complete_paths
            .into_iter()
            .map(|mut elems| {
                elems.reverse();
                let hops = elems
                    .iter()
                    .enumerate()
                    .map(|(index, elem)| callgraph::TraceHop {
                        symbol: elem.node.symbol.clone(),
                        file: elem.node.file.clone(),
                        line: elem.node.line,
                        signature: elem.node.signature.clone(),
                        is_entry_point: index == 0 && elem.node.is_entry_point,
                    })
                    .collect();
                callgraph::TracePath { hops }
            })
            .collect();
        paths.sort_by(|left, right| {
            let left_entry = left
                .hops
                .first()
                .map(|hop| hop.symbol.as_str())
                .unwrap_or("");
            let right_entry = right
                .hops
                .first()
                .map(|hop| hop.symbol.as_str())
                .unwrap_or("");
            left_entry
                .cmp(right_entry)
                .then(left.hops.len().cmp(&right.hops.len()))
        });
        let entry_points_found = paths
            .iter()
            .filter_map(|path| path.hops.first())
            .filter(|hop| hop.is_entry_point)
            .map(|hop| (hop.file.clone(), hop.symbol.clone()))
            .collect::<HashSet<_>>()
            .len();

        Ok(callgraph::TraceToResult {
            target_symbol: target.symbol,
            target_file: target.file,
            total_paths: paths.len(),
            paths,
            entry_points_found,
            max_depth_reached,
            truncated_paths,
        })
    }

    pub fn trace_to_symbol_candidates(
        &self,
        to_symbol: &str,
    ) -> Result<Vec<callgraph::TraceToSymbolCandidate>> {
        let conn = self.conn.lock().expect("callgraph store mutex poisoned");
        ensure_database_ready(&conn)?;
        let mut candidates_by_file: HashMap<String, u32> = HashMap::new();
        for node in nodes_matching_symbol(&conn, to_symbol)? {
            candidates_by_file
                .entry(node.file)
                .and_modify(|line| *line = (*line).min(node.line))
                .or_insert(node.line);
        }
        let mut candidates: Vec<_> = candidates_by_file
            .into_iter()
            .map(|(file, line)| callgraph::TraceToSymbolCandidate { file, line })
            .collect();
        candidates
            .sort_by(|left, right| left.file.cmp(&right.file).then(left.line.cmp(&right.line)));
        Ok(candidates)
    }

    pub fn trace_to_symbol(
        &self,
        file_rel: &Path,
        symbol: &str,
        to_symbol: &str,
        to_file: Option<&Path>,
        max_depth: usize,
    ) -> Result<callgraph::TraceToSymbolResult> {
        let origin = self.node_for(file_rel, symbol)?;
        let target_file = to_file
            .map(|path| normalize_file_path(&self.project_root, path))
            .transpose()?
            .map(|path| relative_path(&self.project_root, &path));
        let conn = self.conn.lock().expect("callgraph store mutex poisoned");
        ensure_database_ready(&conn)?;
        let effective_max = if max_depth == 0 {
            10
        } else {
            max_depth.min(16)
        };

        let start_hop = trace_to_symbol_hop(&origin);
        if trace_to_symbol_matches_target(&origin, to_symbol, target_file.as_deref()) {
            return Ok(callgraph::TraceToSymbolResult {
                path: Some(vec![start_hop]),
                complete: true,
                reason: None,
            });
        }

        let mut queue = VecDeque::new();
        queue.push_back((origin.clone(), vec![start_hop], 0usize));
        let mut visited = HashSet::new();
        visited.insert((origin.file.clone(), origin.symbol.clone()));
        let mut max_depth_exhausted = false;

        while let Some((current, path, depth)) = queue.pop_front() {
            let callees = outgoing_calls_for_node(&conn, &current)?
                .into_iter()
                .filter_map(|site| site.target)
                .collect::<Vec<_>>();

            if depth >= effective_max {
                if callees
                    .iter()
                    .any(|node| !visited.contains(&(node.file.clone(), node.symbol.clone())))
                {
                    max_depth_exhausted = true;
                }
                continue;
            }

            for callee in callees {
                if !visited.insert((callee.file.clone(), callee.symbol.clone())) {
                    continue;
                }
                let mut next_path = path.clone();
                next_path.push(trace_to_symbol_hop(&callee));
                if trace_to_symbol_matches_target(&callee, to_symbol, target_file.as_deref()) {
                    return Ok(callgraph::TraceToSymbolResult {
                        path: Some(next_path),
                        complete: true,
                        reason: None,
                    });
                }
                queue.push_back((callee, next_path, depth + 1));
            }
        }

        if max_depth_exhausted {
            Ok(callgraph::TraceToSymbolResult {
                path: None,
                complete: false,
                reason: Some("max_depth_exhausted".to_string()),
            })
        } else {
            Ok(callgraph::TraceToSymbolResult {
                path: None,
                complete: true,
                reason: Some("no_path_found".to_string()),
            })
        }
    }
}

fn indexed_file_count(conn: &Connection) -> Result<usize> {
    let count: i64 = conn.query_row("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM files", [], |row| row.get(0))?;
    Ok(count.max(0) as usize)
}

fn resolve_node_for_rel(conn: &Connection, rel_path: &str, symbol: &str) -> Result<StoreNode> {
    let candidates = nodes_for_file_matching_symbol(conn, rel_path, symbol)?;
    match candidates.as_slice() {
        [candidate] => Ok(candidate.clone()),
        [] => Err(AftError::SymbolNotFound {
            name: symbol.to_string(),
            file: rel_path.to_string(),
        }
        .into()),
        _ => Err(AftError::AmbiguousSymbol {
            name: symbol.to_string(),
            candidates: candidates
                .iter()
                .map(|candidate| candidate.symbol.clone())
                .collect(),
        }
        .into()),
    }
}

fn nodes_for_file_matching_symbol(
    conn: &Connection,
    rel_path: &str,
    symbol: &str,
) -> Result<Vec<StoreNode>> {
    let qualified_query = symbol.contains("::");
    let sql = if qualified_query {
        "SELECT n.id, n.file_path, n.scoped_name, n.name, n.kind, n.start_line, n.end_line,
                n.signature, n.exported, n.is_callgraph_entry_point, f.lang
         FROM nodes n JOIN files f ON f.path = n.file_path
         WHERE n.file_path = ?1 AND n.scoped_name = ?2
         ORDER BY n.scoped_name, n.start_line, n.start_col"
    } else {
        "SELECT n.id, n.file_path, n.scoped_name, n.name, n.kind, n.start_line, n.end_line,
                n.signature, n.exported, n.is_callgraph_entry_point, f.lang
         FROM nodes n JOIN files f ON f.path = n.file_path
         WHERE n.file_path = ?1 AND (n.scoped_name = ?2 OR n.name = ?2)
         ORDER BY n.scoped_name, n.start_line, n.start_col"
    };
    let mut stmt = conn.prepare(sql)?;
    let rows = stmt.query_map(params![rel_path, symbol], store_node_from_row)?;
    rows.collect::<std::result::Result<Vec<_>, _>>()
        .map_err(Into::into)
}

fn nodes_matching_symbol(conn: &Connection, symbol: &str) -> Result<Vec<StoreNode>> {
    let qualified_query = symbol.contains("::");
    let sql = if qualified_query {
        "SELECT n.id, n.file_path, n.scoped_name, n.name, n.kind, n.start_line, n.end_line,
                n.signature, n.exported, n.is_callgraph_entry_point, f.lang
         FROM nodes n JOIN files f ON f.path = n.file_path
         WHERE n.scoped_name = ?1
         ORDER BY n.file_path, n.scoped_name, n.start_line, n.start_col"
    } else {
        "SELECT n.id, n.file_path, n.scoped_name, n.name, n.kind, n.start_line, n.end_line,
                n.signature, n.exported, n.is_callgraph_entry_point, f.lang
         FROM nodes n JOIN files f ON f.path = n.file_path
         WHERE n.scoped_name = ?1 OR n.name = ?1
         ORDER BY n.file_path, n.scoped_name, n.start_line, n.start_col"
    };
    let mut stmt = conn.prepare(sql)?;
    let rows = stmt.query_map(params![symbol], store_node_from_row)?;
    rows.collect::<std::result::Result<Vec<_>, _>>()
        .map_err(Into::into)
}

fn load_node_by_id(conn: &Connection, node_id: &str) -> Result<Option<StoreNode>> {
    conn.query_row(
        "SELECT n.id, n.file_path, n.scoped_name, n.name, n.kind, n.start_line, n.end_line,
                n.signature, n.exported, n.is_callgraph_entry_point, f.lang
         FROM nodes n JOIN files f ON f.path = n.file_path
         WHERE n.id = ?1",
        params![node_id],
        store_node_from_row,
    )
    .optional()
    .map_err(Into::into)
}

fn store_node_from_row(row: &rusqlite::Row<'_>) -> rusqlite::Result<StoreNode> {
    let start_line: u32 = row.get::<_, i64>(5)?.max(0) as u32;
    let end_line: u32 = row.get::<_, i64>(6)?.max(0) as u32;
    let lang_label_value: String = row.get(10)?;
    Ok(StoreNode {
        node_id: row.get(0)?,
        file: row.get(1)?,
        symbol: row.get(2)?,
        name: row.get(3)?,
        kind: row.get(4)?,
        line: start_line.saturating_add(1),
        end_line: end_line.saturating_add(1),
        signature: row.get(7)?,
        exported: row.get::<_, i64>(8)? != 0,
        is_entry_point: row.get::<_, i64>(9)? != 0,
        lang: lang_from_label(&lang_label_value).unwrap_or(LangId::TypeScript),
    })
}

#[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
fn collect_callers_recursive(
    conn: &Connection,
    file: &str,
    symbol: &str,
    max_depth: usize,
    current_depth: usize,
    visited: &mut HashSet<(String, String)>,
    result: &mut Vec<StoreCallSite>,
    depth_limited: &mut bool,
    truncated: &mut usize,
) -> Result<()> {
    if current_depth >= max_depth {
        let omitted = direct_callers_for_tuple(conn, file, symbol)?.len();
        if omitted > 0 {
            *depth_limited = true;
            *truncated += omitted;
        }
        return Ok(());
    }

    if !visited.insert((file.to_string(), symbol.to_string())) {
        return Ok(());
    }

    let sites = direct_callers_for_tuple(conn, file, symbol)?;
    for site in sites {
        result.push(site.clone());
        if current_depth + 1 < max_depth {
            collect_callers_recursive(
                conn,
                &site.caller.file,
                &site.caller.symbol,
                max_depth,
                current_depth + 1,
                visited,
                result,
                depth_limited,
                truncated,
            )?;
        } else {
            let omitted =
                direct_callers_for_tuple(conn, &site.caller.file, &site.caller.symbol)?.len();
            if omitted > 0 {
                *depth_limited = true;
                *truncated += omitted;
            }
        }
    }
    Ok(())
}

fn direct_callers_for_tuple(
    conn: &Connection,
    target_file: &str,
    target_symbol: &str,
) -> Result<Vec<StoreCallSite>> {
    let mut stmt = conn.prepare(
        "SELECT e.source_node, e.target_node, e.target_file, e.target_symbol, e.line,
                r.byte_start, r.byte_end, r.status, e.provenance
         FROM edges e JOIN refs r ON r.ref_id = e.ref_id
         WHERE e.kind = 'call' AND e.target_file = ?1 AND e.target_symbol = ?2
         ORDER BY e.source_node, r.byte_start, r.line, r.ref_id",
    )?;
    let rows = stmt.query_map(params![target_file, target_symbol], |row| {
        Ok((
            row.get::<_, String>(0)?,
            row.get::<_, Option<String>>(1)?,
            row.get::<_, String>(2)?,
            row.get::<_, String>(3)?,
            row.get::<_, i64>(4)?,
            row.get::<_, i64>(5)?,
            row.get::<_, i64>(6)?,
            row.get::<_, String>(7)?,
            row.get::<_, String>(8)?,
        ))
    })?;

    let mut sites = Vec::new();
    for row in rows {
        let (
            source_node,
            target_node,
            target_file,
            target_symbol,
            line,
            byte_start,
            byte_end,
            status,
            provenance,
        ) = row?;
        let Some(caller) = load_node_by_id(conn, &source_node)? else {
            continue;
        };
        let target = target_node
            .as_deref()
            .map(|node_id| load_node_by_id(conn, node_id))
            .transpose()?
            .flatten();
        sites.push(StoreCallSite {
            caller,
            target_file,
            target_symbol,
            target,
            line: line.max(0) as u32,
            byte_start: byte_start.max(0) as usize,
            byte_end: byte_end.max(0) as usize,
            resolved: status == "resolved",
            provenance,
        });
    }
    Ok(sites)
}

fn outgoing_calls_for_node(conn: &Connection, node: &StoreNode) -> Result<Vec<StoreCallSite>> {
    let mut stmt = conn.prepare(
        "SELECT e.target_node, e.target_file, e.target_symbol, e.line,
                r.byte_start, r.byte_end, r.status, e.provenance
         FROM edges e JOIN refs r ON r.ref_id = e.ref_id
         WHERE e.kind = 'call' AND e.source_node = ?1
         ORDER BY r.byte_start, r.line, r.ref_id",
    )?;
    let rows = stmt.query_map(params![node.node_id], |row| {
        Ok((
            row.get::<_, Option<String>>(0)?,
            row.get::<_, String>(1)?,
            row.get::<_, String>(2)?,
            row.get::<_, i64>(3)?,
            row.get::<_, i64>(4)?,
            row.get::<_, i64>(5)?,
            row.get::<_, String>(6)?,
            row.get::<_, String>(7)?,
        ))
    })?;

    let mut calls = Vec::new();
    for row in rows {
        let (
            target_node,
            target_file,
            target_symbol,
            line,
            byte_start,
            byte_end,
            status,
            provenance,
        ) = row?;
        let target = target_node
            .as_deref()
            .map(|node_id| load_node_by_id(conn, node_id))
            .transpose()?
            .flatten();
        calls.push(StoreCallSite {
            caller: node.clone(),
            target_file,
            target_symbol,
            target,
            line: line.max(0) as u32,
            byte_start: byte_start.max(0) as usize,
            byte_end: byte_end.max(0) as usize,
            resolved: status == "resolved",
            provenance,
        });
    }
    Ok(calls)
}

fn unresolved_calls_for_node(
    conn: &Connection,
    node: &StoreNode,
) -> Result<Vec<StoreUnresolvedCall>> {
    let mut stmt = conn.prepare(
        "SELECT COALESCE(short_name, full_ref, ''), full_ref, line, byte_start, byte_end
         FROM refs
         WHERE caller_node = ?1
           AND kind = 'call'
           AND status = 'unresolved'
           AND NOT EXISTS (
               SELECT 1 FROM edges e WHERE e.ref_id = refs.ref_id AND e.kind = 'call'
           )
         ORDER BY byte_start, line, ref_id",
    )?;
    let rows = stmt.query_map(params![node.node_id], |row| {
        Ok(StoreUnresolvedCall {
            caller: node.clone(),
            symbol: row.get(0)?,
            full_ref: row.get(1)?,
            line: row.get::<_, i64>(2)?.max(0) as u32,
            byte_start: row.get::<_, i64>(3)?.max(0) as usize,
            byte_end: row.get::<_, i64>(4)?.max(0) as usize,
        })
    })?;
    rows.collect::<std::result::Result<Vec<_>, _>>()
        .map_err(Into::into)
}

fn forward_calls_for_node(conn: &Connection, node: &StoreNode) -> Result<Vec<StoreForwardCall>> {
    let mut calls = Vec::new();
    calls.extend(
        outgoing_calls_for_node(conn, node)?
            .into_iter()
            .map(StoreForwardCall::Resolved),
    );
    calls.extend(
        unresolved_calls_for_node(conn, node)?
            .into_iter()
            .map(StoreForwardCall::Unresolved),
    );
    calls.sort_by(|left, right| {
        left.byte_start()
            .cmp(&right.byte_start())
            .then(left.line().cmp(&right.line()))
    });
    Ok(calls)
}

fn call_tree_inner(
    conn: &Connection,
    node: &StoreNode,
    max_depth: usize,
    current_depth: usize,
    visited: &mut HashSet<(String, String)>,
) -> Result<callgraph::CallTreeNode> {
    let visit_key = (node.file.clone(), node.symbol.clone());
    if visited.contains(&visit_key) {
        return Ok(callgraph::CallTreeNode {
            name: node.symbol.clone(),
            file: node.file.clone(),
            line: node.line,
            signature: node.signature.clone(),
            resolved: true,
            children: Vec::new(),
            depth_limited: false,
            truncated: 0,
        });
    }
    visited.insert(visit_key.clone());

    let calls = forward_calls_for_node(conn, node)?;
    let mut children = Vec::new();
    let mut depth_limited = false;
    let mut truncated = 0usize;

    if current_depth < max_depth {
        for call in calls {
            match call {
                StoreForwardCall::Resolved(site) => {
                    if let Some(target) = site.target {
                        let child =
                            call_tree_inner(conn, &target, max_depth, current_depth + 1, visited)?;
                        depth_limited |= child.depth_limited;
                        truncated += child.truncated;
                        children.push(child);
                    } else {
                        children.push(callgraph::CallTreeNode {
                            name: site.target_symbol,
                            file: site.target_file,
                            line: site.line,
                            signature: None,
                            resolved: false,
                            children: Vec::new(),
                            depth_limited: false,
                            truncated: 0,
                        });
                    }
                }
                StoreForwardCall::Unresolved(call) => {
                    children.push(callgraph::CallTreeNode {
                        name: call.symbol,
                        file: call.caller.file,
                        line: call.line,
                        signature: None,
                        resolved: false,
                        children: Vec::new(),
                        depth_limited: false,
                        truncated: 0,
                    });
                }
            }
        }
    } else if !calls.is_empty() {
        depth_limited = true;
        truncated = calls.len();
    }

    visited.remove(&visit_key);
    Ok(callgraph::CallTreeNode {
        name: node.symbol.clone(),
        file: node.file.clone(),
        line: node.line,
        signature: node.signature.clone(),
        resolved: true,
        children,
        depth_limited,
        truncated,
    })
}

fn trace_to_symbol_hop(node: &StoreNode) -> callgraph::TraceToSymbolHop {
    callgraph::TraceToSymbolHop {
        symbol: node.symbol.clone(),
        file: node.file.clone(),
        line: node.line,
    }
}

fn trace_to_symbol_matches_target(
    node: &StoreNode,
    to_symbol: &str,
    to_file: Option<&str>,
) -> bool {
    if !symbol_query_matches(&node.symbol, to_symbol) {
        return false;
    }
    match to_file {
        Some(file) => node.file == file,
        None => true,
    }
}

fn symbol_query_matches(symbol: &str, query: &str) -> bool {
    symbol == query || unqualified_name(symbol) == query
}

fn read_source_line(path: &Path, line: u32) -> Option<String> {
    let source = std::fs::read_to_string(path).ok()?;
    source
        .lines()
        .nth(line.saturating_sub(1) as usize)
        .map(|line| line.trim().to_string())
}

#[doc(hidden)]
pub fn live_callgraph_edge_snapshot(
    project_root: &Path,
    files: &[PathBuf],
) -> Result<BTreeSet<StoredEdge>> {
    let files = normalize_file_list(project_root, files)?;
    let mut graph = callgraph::CallGraph::new(project_root.to_path_buf());
    let mut file_data = Vec::new();
    for file in &files {
        let canon = canonicalize_path(file);
        let data = graph.build_file(&canon)?.clone();
        file_data.push((canon, data));
    }

    let mut edges = BTreeSet::new();
    for (caller_file, data) in &file_data {
        for (caller_symbol, call_sites) in &data.calls_by_symbol {
            for call_site in call_sites {
                let resolution = graph.resolve_cross_file_edge(
                    &call_site.full_callee,
                    &call_site.callee_name,
                    caller_file,
                    &data.import_block,
                );
                let (target_file, target_symbol) = match resolution {
                    EdgeResolution::Resolved { file, symbol } => (file, symbol),
                    EdgeResolution::Unresolved { callee_name } => {
                        if !callgraph::is_bare_callee(&call_site.full_callee, &callee_name) {
                            continue;
                        }
                        let Ok(target_symbol) = callgraph::resolve_symbol_query_in_data(
                            data,
                            caller_file,
                            &callee_name,
                        ) else {
                            continue;
                        };
                        (caller_file.clone(), target_symbol)
                    }
                };
                if target_file == *caller_file && target_symbol == *caller_symbol {
                    continue;
                }
                edges.insert(StoredEdge {
                    source_file: relative_path(project_root, caller_file),
                    source_symbol: caller_symbol.clone(),
                    target_file: relative_path(project_root, &target_file),
                    target_symbol,
                    kind: "call".to_string(),
                    line: call_site.line,
                });
            }
        }
    }
    Ok(edges)
}

fn configure_connection(conn: &Connection) -> Result<()> {
    conn.pragma_update(None, "journal_mode", "WAL")?;
    conn.pragma_update(None, "busy_timeout", 5_000)?;
    Ok(())
}

fn configure_build_connection(conn: &Connection) -> Result<()> {
    conn.pragma_update(None, "journal_mode", "DELETE")?;
    conn.pragma_update(None, "busy_timeout", 5_000)?;
    Ok(())
}

fn initialize_schema(conn: &Connection) -> Result<()> {
    conn.execute_batch(
        "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS files (
            path                TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
            content_hash        TEXT NOT NULL,
            mtime_ns            INTEGER NOT NULL,
            size                INTEGER NOT NULL,
            lang                TEXT NOT NULL,
            is_dead_code_root   INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
            is_public_api       INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
            surface_fingerprint TEXT NOT NULL,
            indexed_at          INTEGER NOT NULL
        );

        CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS nodes (
            id                         TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
            file_path                  TEXT NOT NULL,
            name                       TEXT NOT NULL,
            scoped_name                TEXT NOT NULL,
            kind                       TEXT NOT NULL,
            start_line                 INTEGER NOT NULL,
            start_col                  INTEGER NOT NULL,
            end_line                   INTEGER NOT NULL,
            end_col                    INTEGER NOT NULL,
            range_ordinal              INTEGER NOT NULL,
            signature                  TEXT,
            exported                   INTEGER NOT NULL,
            is_default_export          INTEGER NOT NULL,
            is_type_like               INTEGER NOT NULL,
            is_callgraph_entry_point   INTEGER NOT NULL,
            provenance                 TEXT NOT NULL,
            UNIQUE(file_path, start_line, start_col, end_line, end_col, range_ordinal)
        );
        CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_nodes_file ON nodes(file_path);
        CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_nodes_name ON nodes(name);
        CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_nodes_scoped ON nodes(scoped_name);

        CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS refs (
            ref_id          TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
            caller_node     TEXT,
            caller_file     TEXT NOT NULL,
            kind            TEXT NOT NULL,
            short_name      TEXT,
            full_ref        TEXT,
            module_path     TEXT,
            import_kind     TEXT,
            local_name      TEXT,
            requested_name  TEXT,
            namespace_alias TEXT,
            wildcard        INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
            line            INTEGER NOT NULL,
            byte_start      INTEGER NOT NULL,
            byte_end        INTEGER NOT NULL,
            status          TEXT NOT NULL,
            target_node     TEXT,
            target_file     TEXT,
            target_symbol   TEXT,
            provenance      TEXT NOT NULL
        );
        CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_refs_short_name ON refs(short_name);
        CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_refs_caller_file ON refs(caller_file);
        CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_refs_caller_node_kind ON refs(caller_node, kind, status);
        CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_refs_target_file ON refs(target_file);

        CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS file_dependencies (
            file_path   TEXT NOT NULL,
            dep_file    TEXT NOT NULL,
            PRIMARY KEY(file_path, dep_file)
        );
        CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_file_dependencies_dep_file ON file_dependencies(dep_file);

        CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS edges (
            edge_id       TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
            ref_id        TEXT NOT NULL,
            source_node   TEXT NOT NULL,
            target_node   TEXT,
            target_file   TEXT NOT NULL,
            target_symbol TEXT NOT NULL,
            kind          TEXT NOT NULL,
            line          INTEGER NOT NULL,
            provenance    TEXT NOT NULL
        );
        CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_edges_source_kind ON edges(source_node, kind);
        CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_edges_target_kind ON edges(target_node, kind);
        CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_edges_target_file_symbol ON edges(target_file, target_symbol, kind);
        CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_edges_ref_id ON edges(ref_id, kind);

        CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS dispatch_hints (
            id           TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
            method_name  TEXT NOT NULL,
            caller_node  TEXT NOT NULL,
            file         TEXT NOT NULL,
            line         INTEGER NOT NULL,
            byte_start   INTEGER NOT NULL,
            byte_end     INTEGER NOT NULL,
            provenance   TEXT NOT NULL
        );
        CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_dispatch_hints_method ON dispatch_hints(method_name);

        CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS type_ref_names (
            name TEXT PRIMARY KEY
        );

        CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS backend_file_state (
            backend        TEXT NOT NULL,
            workspace_root TEXT NOT NULL,
            file_path      TEXT NOT NULL,
            content_hash   TEXT NOT NULL,
            status         TEXT NOT NULL,
            updated_at     INTEGER NOT NULL,
            PRIMARY KEY(backend, workspace_root, file_path, content_hash)
        );
        CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_backend_file_state_file ON backend_file_state(file_path, backend);

        CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS meta (
            k TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
            v TEXT NOT NULL
        );",
    )?;
    insert_meta(conn)?;
    Ok(())
}

fn insert_meta(conn: &Connection) -> Result<()> {
    conn.execute(
        "INSERT OR REPLACE INTO meta(k, v) VALUES('schema_version', ?1)",
        params![SCHEMA_VERSION.to_string()],
    )?;
    conn.execute(
        "INSERT OR REPLACE INTO meta(k, v) VALUES('fingerprint', ?1)",
        params![schema_fingerprint()],
    )?;
    Ok(())
}

fn set_meta_ready(conn: &Connection, ready: bool) -> Result<()> {
    conn.execute(
        "INSERT OR REPLACE INTO meta(k, v) VALUES('ready', ?1)",
        params![if ready { "1" } else { "0" }],
    )?;
    Ok(())
}

fn database_ready(conn: &Connection) -> Result<bool> {
    let schema_version: Option<String> = conn
        .query_row("SELECT v FROM meta WHERE k = 'schema_version'", [], |row| {
            row.get(0)
        })
        .optional()?;
    let fingerprint: Option<String> = conn
        .query_row("SELECT v FROM meta WHERE k = 'fingerprint'", [], |row| {
            row.get(0)
        })
        .optional()?;
    let ready: Option<String> = conn
        .query_row("SELECT v FROM meta WHERE k = 'ready'", [], |row| row.get(0))
        .optional()?;

    let expected_schema = SCHEMA_VERSION.to_string();
    let expected_fingerprint = schema_fingerprint();
    Ok(schema_version.as_deref() == Some(expected_schema.as_str())
        && fingerprint.as_deref() == Some(expected_fingerprint.as_str())
        && ready.as_deref() == Some("1"))
}

fn ensure_database_ready(conn: &Connection) -> Result<()> {
    if database_ready(conn)? {
        Ok(())
    } else {
        Err(CallGraphStoreError::Unavailable(
            "database is missing, stale, or mid-build".to_string(),
        ))
    }
}

fn schema_fingerprint() -> String {
    // Bump the trailing content-version whenever the BUILD OUTPUT changes (new
    // edge sources, broader call extraction) even if the table SHAPE is
    // unchanged, so existing on-disk stores rebuild and pick up the new edges.
    // v6 -> v7-lean: file-level dependency rows and structured refs without raw JSON payloads.
    let input = format!("callgraph_store:v{SCHEMA_VERSION}:positional:raw-ref:v7-lean");
    hash_to_hex(blake3::hash(input.as_bytes()))
}

fn clear_tables(tx: &Transaction<'_>) -> Result<()> {
    tx.execute_batch(
        "DELETE FROM edges;
         DELETE FROM file_dependencies;
         DELETE FROM refs;
         DELETE FROM dispatch_hints;
         DELETE FROM type_ref_names;
         DELETE FROM backend_file_state;
         DELETE FROM nodes;
         DELETE FROM files;",
    )?;
    Ok(())
}

/// Nanosecond clock used to make temp/generation file names unique.
fn now_nanos() -> u128 {
    SystemTime::now()
        .duration_since(UNIX_EPOCH)
        .unwrap_or(Duration::ZERO)
        .as_nanos()
}

/// The pointer file `<dir>/<key>.current`. Its single line names the current
/// generation DB file. ONLY Rust std ever opens this file (never SQLite), so it
/// can always be atomically replaced via rename even on Windows — Rust opens
/// files with `FILE_SHARE_DELETE`, unlike SQLite's Win32 VFS.
fn pointer_path(callgraph_dir: &Path, project_key: &str) -> PathBuf {
    callgraph_dir.join(format!("{project_key}.current"))
}

/// The legacy single-file DB path used before the generation scheme. Still read
/// as a fallback so pre-upgrade on-disk stores keep working until the next cold
/// build publishes a generation.
fn legacy_sqlite_path(callgraph_dir: &Path, project_key: &str) -> PathBuf {
    callgraph_dir.join(format!("{project_key}.sqlite"))
}

/// A fresh, unique generation file NAME: `<key>.g<nanos>.<pid>.sqlite`. Each
/// cold build writes a brand-new generation file, so publishing NEVER replaces
/// a file another process holds open (the root Windows fix).
fn generation_file_name(project_key: &str) -> String {
    format!(
        "{project_key}.g{}.{}.sqlite",
        now_nanos(),
        std::process::id()
    )
}

/// Read the pointer; returns the generation file name if present and non-empty.
fn read_pointer(callgraph_dir: &Path, project_key: &str) -> Option<String> {
    let text = std::fs::read_to_string(pointer_path(callgraph_dir, project_key)).ok()?;
    let name = text.trim();
    if name.is_empty() {
        None
    } else {
        Some(name.to_string())
    }
}

/// True if the DB at `path` opens and reports ready (schema + fingerprint + the
/// `ready` flag). Uses a throwaway read-only connection.
fn db_path_ready(path: &Path) -> bool {
    (|| -> Result<bool> {
        let conn = Connection::open_with_flags(path, OpenFlags::SQLITE_OPEN_READ_ONLY)?;
        conn.busy_timeout(Duration::from_millis(5_000))?;
        database_ready(&conn)
    })()
    .unwrap_or(false)
}

/// Resolve the DB file a reader/opener should use, returning `(path, generation)`
/// where `generation` is `Some(name)` for a pointer-published generation or
/// `None` for the legacy single-file DB. Returns `None` when nothing ready is
/// published (caller treats that as "needs cold build").
///
/// Handles the GC race (the pointer names a generation that was just deleted) by
/// re-reading the pointer and retrying a few times.
fn resolve_ready_target(
    callgraph_dir: &Path,
    project_key: &str,
) -> Option<(PathBuf, Option<String>)> {
    for _ in 0..5 {
        if let Some(generation) = read_pointer(callgraph_dir, project_key) {
            let gen_path = callgraph_dir.join(&generation);
            if gen_path.is_file() {
                return db_path_ready(&gen_path).then_some((gen_path, Some(generation)));
            }
            // Pointer names a missing generation (a GC/publish race): re-read the
            // pointer and retry rather than failing the reader.
            std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(5));
            continue;
        }
        // No pointer: fall back to the legacy single-file DB if it is ready.
        let legacy = legacy_sqlite_path(callgraph_dir, project_key);
        return (legacy.is_file() && db_path_ready(&legacy)).then_some((legacy, None));
    }
    None
}

/// Atomically publish `generation` as the current store by flipping the pointer
/// file. Writes a temp file, fsyncs, then renames over the pointer — never
/// replacing an open DB file, so it succeeds cross-platform.
fn publish_pointer(callgraph_dir: &Path, project_key: &str, generation: &str) -> Result<()> {
    let pointer = pointer_path(callgraph_dir, project_key);
    let tmp = callgraph_dir.join(format!(
        "{project_key}.current.tmp.{}.{}",
        std::process::id(),
        now_nanos()
    ));
    {
        use std::io::Write as _;
        let mut file = std::fs::File::create(&tmp)?;
        file.write_all(generation.as_bytes())?;
        file.write_all(b"\n")?;
        file.sync_all()?;
    }
    if let Err(error) = std::fs::rename(&tmp, &pointer) {
        let _ = std::fs::remove_file(&tmp);
        return Err(error.into());
    }
    Ok(())
}

/// Best-effort GC of superseded generation files. Never touches the current
/// generation; keeps the most-recent previous generation (so an in-flight
/// reader that resolved just before a flip can still open it) and a 60s grace
/// window for the rest. Deletion failures (e.g. a still-open generation on
/// Windows) are ignored and retried on a later build.
fn gc_old_generations(callgraph_dir: &Path, project_key: &str, current: &str) {
    let grace = Duration::from_secs(60);
    let now = SystemTime::now();
    let gen_prefix = format!("{project_key}.g");
    let tmp_prefixes = [
        format!("{project_key}.g"), // generation build temps (<key>.g...sqlite.tmp.*)
        format!("{project_key}.current."), // pointer publish temps (<key>.current.tmp.*)
        format!("{project_key}.sqlite.tmp."), // legacy-scheme build temps
    ];
    let Ok(entries) = std::fs::read_dir(callgraph_dir) else {
        return;
    };
    let mut gens: Vec<(PathBuf, SystemTime)> = Vec::new();
    for entry in entries.flatten() {
        let name = entry.file_name();
        let name = name.to_string_lossy();
        let mtime = entry
            .metadata()
            .and_then(|m| m.modified())
            .unwrap_or_else(|_| SystemTime::now());
        let aged_out = now.duration_since(mtime).unwrap_or(Duration::ZERO) >= grace;

        // Orphaned temp files from a crashed build/publish: remove once aged out.
        if name.contains(".tmp.") {
            if aged_out && tmp_prefixes.iter().any(|p| name.starts_with(p)) {
                let _ = std::fs::remove_file(entry.path());
            }
            continue;
        }

        // Superseded legacy single-file DB: best-effort delete once a generation
        // is published (ignored if another process still holds it open).
        if *name == *format!("{project_key}.sqlite") {
            remove_sqlite_file_set(&entry.path());
            continue;
        }

        if name.starts_with(&gen_prefix) && name.ends_with(".sqlite") && name != current {
            gens.push((entry.path(), mtime));
        }
    }
    // Keep the newest superseded generation as a safety net for readers that
    // resolved the pointer just before the flip; GC the rest after the grace
    // window. Deletion of a still-open generation (Windows) fails silently and
    // is retried on a later build.
    gens.sort_by(|a, b| b.1.cmp(&a.1));
    for (index, (path, mtime)) in gens.into_iter().enumerate() {
        if index == 0 {
            continue;
        }
        if now.duration_since(mtime).unwrap_or(Duration::ZERO) < grace {
            continue;
        }
        remove_sqlite_file_set(&path);
    }
}

fn remove_sqlite_file_set(path: &Path) {
    let _ = std::fs::remove_file(path);
    remove_sqlite_sidecars(path);
}

fn remove_sqlite_sidecars(path: &Path) {
    let path_text = path.to_string_lossy();
    let _ = std::fs::remove_file(PathBuf::from(format!("{path_text}-wal")));
    let _ = std::fs::remove_file(PathBuf::from(format!("{path_text}-shm")));
    let _ = std::fs::remove_file(PathBuf::from(format!("{path_text}-journal")));
}

/// Bound the cold-build's tree-sitter pass to half the cores (cap 8) instead of
/// the global all-cores rayon pool. The store cold-build is the heaviest
/// background pass (parse-dominated) and runs on a separate thread off the
/// single-threaded request loop; left unbounded it monopolizes every core and
/// starves the bridge so interactive tools time out (the same starvation the
/// v0.35 embedder and the inspect Tier-2 pool already cap). 8MB worker stacks
/// match the main thread, since the extract walks tree-sitter ASTs.
fn build_pool_size() -> usize {
    std::thread::available_parallelism()
        .map(|parallelism| parallelism.get())
        .unwrap_or(1)
        .div_ceil(2)
        .clamp(1, 8)
}

fn build_extracts_parallel(project_root: &Path, files: &[PathBuf]) -> BuildExtractsResult {
    let extract_one = |path: &PathBuf| match build_file_extract(project_root, path) {
        Ok(extract) => Ok(extract),
        Err(error) => {
            let abs_path =
                normalize_file_path(project_root, path).unwrap_or_else(|_| path.to_path_buf());
            let rel_path = relative_path(project_root, &abs_path);
            let freshness = cache_freshness::collect(&abs_path).ok();
            log::debug!(
                "callgraph store: skipping {} during cold build: {}",
                abs_path.display(),
                error
            );
            Err(ExtractFailure {
                rel_path,
                freshness,
            })
        }
    };

    let run = || -> Vec<std::result::Result<FileExtract, ExtractFailure>> {
        files.par_iter().map(extract_one).collect()
    };

    // Run inside a dedicated bounded pool when one builds; fall back to the
    // global pool only if the bounded pool can't be constructed.
    let results = match rayon::ThreadPoolBuilder::new()
        .num_threads(build_pool_size())
        .thread_name(|index| format!("aft-callgraph-build-{index}"))
        .stack_size(8 * 1024 * 1024)
        .build()
    {
        Ok(pool) => pool.install(run),
        Err(error) => {
            log::warn!(
                "callgraph store: bounded build pool unavailable ({error}); using global pool"
            );
            run()
        }
    };

    let mut extracts = Vec::new();
    let mut failures = Vec::new();
    for result in results {
        match result {
            Ok(extract) => extracts.push(extract),
            Err(failure) => failures.push(failure),
        }
    }
    BuildExtractsResult { extracts, failures }
}

fn build_file_extract(project_root: &Path, path: &Path) -> Result<FileExtract> {
    let abs_path = normalize_file_path(project_root, path)?;
    let rel_path = relative_path(project_root, &abs_path);
    let source = std::fs::read_to_string(&abs_path)?;
    let freshness = cache_freshness::collect(&abs_path)?;
    let data = callgraph::build_file_data(&abs_path)?;
    let lang = data.lang;
    let mut nodes = build_node_records(&rel_path, &source, &data)?;
    let node_by_scoped: HashMap<String, String> = nodes
        .iter()
        .map(|node| (node.scoped_name.clone(), node.id.clone()))
        .collect();
    let import_dependencies =
        import_dependencies(project_root, &abs_path, &data.import_block.imports);
    let reexports = collect_reexport_refs(project_root, &abs_path, &rel_path, &source);
    let source_less_exports = collect_source_less_export_alias_refs(&rel_path, &source);
    let mut raw_refs = Vec::new();
    raw_refs.extend(build_call_refs(
        &rel_path,
        &data,
        &node_by_scoped,
        &import_dependencies,
    ));
    raw_refs.extend(build_import_refs(
        project_root,
        &abs_path,
        &rel_path,
        &data.import_block.imports,
    ));
    let mut surface_parts = reexports.surface_parts;
    surface_parts.extend(source_less_exports.surface_parts);
    raw_refs.extend(reexports.raw_refs);
    raw_refs.extend(source_less_exports.raw_refs);
    let dispatch_hints = build_dispatch_hints(&rel_path, &data, &node_by_scoped);
    let surface_fingerprint = surface_fingerprint(&mut nodes, &data, &surface_parts);

    Ok(FileExtract {
        abs_path,
        rel_path,
        freshness,
        lang,
        data,
        nodes,
        raw_refs,
        dispatch_hints,
        surface_fingerprint,
    })
}

fn build_node_records(
    rel_path: &str,
    source: &str,
    data: &FileCallData,
) -> Result<Vec<NodeRecord>> {
    let mut records = Vec::new();
    let mut ordinal_by_range: BTreeMap<(u32, u32, u32, u32), u32> = BTreeMap::new();
    let mut metadata: Vec<_> = data.symbol_metadata.iter().collect();
    metadata.sort_by(|(left, _), (right, _)| left.cmp(right));

    for (scoped_name, meta) in metadata {
        let name = unqualified_name(scoped_name).to_string();
        let range = selection_range(source, scoped_name, &name, &meta.range);
        let range_key = (
            range.start_line,
            range.start_col,
            range.end_line,
            range.end_col,
        );
        let ordinal = ordinal_by_range.entry(range_key).or_insert(0);
        let range_ordinal = *ordinal;
        *ordinal += 1;
        let id = node_id(rel_path, &range, range_ordinal, scoped_name);
        let exported = meta.exported || data.exported_symbols.iter().any(|item| item == &name);
        let is_default_export = data
            .default_export_symbol
            .as_deref()
            .map(|default| default == scoped_name || default == name)
            .unwrap_or(false);
        records.push(NodeRecord {
            id,
            file_path: rel_path.to_string(),
            name: name.clone(),
            scoped_name: scoped_name.clone(),
            kind: symbol_kind_label(&meta.kind).to_string(),
            range,
            range_ordinal,
            signature: meta.signature.clone(),
            exported,
            is_default_export,
            is_type_like: is_type_like(&meta.kind),
            is_callgraph_entry_point: callgraph::is_entry_point(
                scoped_name,
                &meta.kind,
                exported,
                data.lang,
            ),
        });
    }

    Ok(records)
}

fn selection_range(source: &str, scoped_name: &str, name: &str, fallback: &Range) -> Range {
    if scoped_name == TOP_LEVEL_SYMBOL {
        return Range {
            start_line: 0,
            start_col: 0,
            end_line: 0,
            end_col: 0,
        };
    }
    let Some(line) = source.lines().nth(fallback.start_line as usize) else {
        return fallback.clone();
    };
    let start_col = fallback.start_col as usize;
    let search_start = start_col.min(line.len());
    if let Some(offset) = line[search_start..].find(name) {
        let col = search_start + offset;
        return Range {
            start_line: fallback.start_line,
            start_col: col as u32,
            end_line: fallback.start_line,
            end_col: (col + name.len()) as u32,
        };
    }
    if let Some(offset) = line.find(name) {
        return Range {
            start_line: fallback.start_line,
            start_col: offset as u32,
            end_line: fallback.start_line,
            end_col: (offset + name.len()) as u32,
        };
    }
    Range {
        start_line: fallback.start_line,
        start_col: fallback.start_col,
        end_line: fallback.start_line,
        end_col: fallback.start_col.saturating_add(name.len() as u32),
    }
}

fn node_id(rel_path: &str, range: &Range, ordinal: u32, scoped_name: &str) -> String {
    if scoped_name == TOP_LEVEL_SYMBOL {
        return format!("top:{}", hash_to_hex(blake3::hash(rel_path.as_bytes())));
    }
    let input = format!(
        "{rel_path}:{}:{}:{}:{}:{ordinal}",
        range.start_line, range.start_col, range.end_line, range.end_col
    );
    format!("pos:{}", hash_to_hex(blake3::hash(input.as_bytes())))
}

fn build_call_refs(
    rel_path: &str,
    data: &FileCallData,
    node_by_scoped: &HashMap<String, String>,
    import_dependencies: &BTreeSet<String>,
) -> Vec<RawRef> {
    let mut refs = Vec::new();
    let mut ordinal = 0usize;
    let mut symbols: Vec<_> = data.calls_by_symbol.iter().collect();
    symbols.sort_by(|(left, _), (right, _)| left.cmp(right));
    for (caller_symbol, call_sites) in symbols {
        let caller_node = node_by_scoped.get(caller_symbol).cloned();
        for call_site in call_sites {
            ordinal += 1;
            let ref_id = ref_id(&[
                rel_path,
                "call",
                caller_symbol,
                &call_site.line.to_string(),
                &call_site.byte_start.to_string(),
                &call_site.byte_end.to_string(),
                &call_site.full_callee,
                &ordinal.to_string(),
            ]);
            refs.push(RawRef {
                ref_id,
                caller_node: caller_node.clone(),
                caller_symbol: Some(caller_symbol.clone()),
                caller_file: rel_path.to_string(),
                kind: "call".to_string(),
                short_name: Some(call_site.callee_name.clone()),
                full_ref: Some(call_site.full_callee.clone()),
                module_path: None,
                import_kind: None,
                local_name: Some(call_site.callee_name.clone()),
                requested_name: Some(call_site.callee_name.clone()),
                namespace_alias: namespace_alias(&call_site.full_callee),
                wildcard: false,
                line: call_site.line,
                byte_start: call_site.byte_start,
                byte_end: call_site.byte_end,
                dependencies: import_dependencies.clone(),
            });
        }
    }
    refs
}

fn build_import_refs(
    project_root: &Path,
    abs_path: &Path,
    rel_path: &str,
    imports: &[ImportStatement],
) -> Vec<RawRef> {
    let mut refs = Vec::new();
    for (index, import) in imports.iter().enumerate() {
        let import_kind = import_kind_label(import.kind).to_string();
        let local_name = import_local_names(import).join(",");
        let requested_name = import_requested_names(import).join(",");
        let ref_id = ref_id(&[
            rel_path,
            "import",
            &import.byte_range.start.to_string(),
            &import.byte_range.end.to_string(),
            &import.module_path,
            &index.to_string(),
        ]);
        refs.push(RawRef {
            ref_id,
            caller_node: None,
            caller_symbol: None,
            caller_file: rel_path.to_string(),
            kind: "import".to_string(),
            short_name: None,
            full_ref: Some(import.raw_text.clone()),
            module_path: Some(import.module_path.clone()),
            import_kind: Some(import_kind),
            local_name: empty_to_none(local_name),
            requested_name: empty_to_none(requested_name),
            namespace_alias: import.namespace_import.clone(),
            wildcard: import_is_wildcard(import),
            line: byte_to_line(abs_path, import.byte_range.start).unwrap_or(1),
            byte_start: import.byte_range.start,
            byte_end: import.byte_range.end,
            dependencies: module_dependencies(project_root, abs_path, &import.module_path),
        });
    }
    refs
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
struct ReexportRefs {
    raw_refs: Vec<RawRef>,
    surface_parts: Vec<String>,
}

fn collect_reexport_refs(
    project_root: &Path,
    abs_path: &Path,
    rel_path: &str,
    source: &str,
) -> ReexportRefs {
    let mut raw_refs = Vec::new();
    let mut surface_parts = Vec::new();
    let mut search_start = 0usize;
    let mut ordinal = 0usize;
    while let Some(export_offset) = source[search_start..].find("export") {
        let start = search_start + export_offset;
        let Some(statement_end_offset) = source[start..].find(';') else {
            break;
        };
        let end = start + statement_end_offset + 1;
        let statement = &source[start..end];
        search_start = end;
        if !statement.contains(" from ") || !statement.contains(['\'', '"']) {
            continue;
        }
        let Some(module_path) = quoted_module_path(statement) else {
            continue;
        };
        ordinal += 1;
        let wildcard = statement.contains('*');
        let line = source[..start]
            .bytes()
            .filter(|byte| *byte == b'\n')
            .count() as u32
            + 1;
        let ref_id = ref_id(&[
            rel_path,
            "reexport",
            &start.to_string(),
            &end.to_string(),
            &module_path,
            &ordinal.to_string(),
        ]);
        surface_parts.push(format!("reexport\t{statement}"));
        raw_refs.push(RawRef {
            ref_id,
            caller_node: None,
            caller_symbol: None,
            caller_file: rel_path.to_string(),
            kind: "reexport".to_string(),
            short_name: None,
            full_ref: Some(statement.to_string()),
            module_path: Some(module_path.clone()),
            import_kind: Some("reexport".to_string()),
            local_name: None,
            requested_name: None,
            namespace_alias: None,
            wildcard,
            line,
            byte_start: start,
            byte_end: end,
            dependencies: module_dependencies(project_root, abs_path, &module_path),
        });
    }
    ReexportRefs {
        raw_refs,
        surface_parts,
    }
}

fn quoted_module_path(statement: &str) -> Option<String> {
    let quote = match (statement.find('\''), statement.find('"')) {
        (Some(single), Some(double)) if single < double => '\'',
        (Some(_), Some(_)) => '"',
        (Some(_), None) => '\'',
        (None, Some(_)) => '"',
        (None, None) => return None,
    };
    let start = statement.find(quote)? + 1;
    let end = statement[start..].find(quote)? + start;
    Some(statement[start..end].to_string())
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
struct SourceLessExportRefs {
    raw_refs: Vec<RawRef>,
    surface_parts: Vec<String>,
}

fn collect_source_less_export_alias_refs(rel_path: &str, source: &str) -> SourceLessExportRefs {
    let mut raw_refs = Vec::new();
    let mut surface_parts = Vec::new();
    let mut search_start = 0usize;
    let mut ordinal = 0usize;
    while let Some(export_offset) = source[search_start..].find("export") {
        let start = search_start + export_offset;
        let Some(statement_end_offset) = source[start..].find(';') else {
            break;
        };
        let end = start + statement_end_offset + 1;
        let statement = &source[start..end];
        search_start = end;
        if statement.contains(" from ") || !statement.contains('{') || !statement.contains('}') {
            continue;
        }
        let aliases = parse_reexport_names(statement);
        if aliases.is_empty() {
            continue;
        }
        let line = source[..start]
            .bytes()
            .filter(|byte| *byte == b'\n')
            .count() as u32
            + 1;
        for (exported, source_symbol) in aliases {
            ordinal += 1;
            let ref_id = ref_id(&[
                rel_path,
                "export_alias",
                &start.to_string(),
                &end.to_string(),
                &exported,
                &source_symbol,
                &ordinal.to_string(),
            ]);
            surface_parts.push(format!("export_alias\t{source_symbol}\t{exported}"));
            raw_refs.push(RawRef {
                ref_id,
                caller_node: None,
                caller_symbol: None,
                caller_file: rel_path.to_string(),
                kind: "export_alias".to_string(),
                short_name: None,
                full_ref: Some(statement.to_string()),
                module_path: None,
                import_kind: Some("export_alias".to_string()),
                local_name: Some(exported),
                requested_name: Some(source_symbol),
                namespace_alias: None,
                wildcard: false,
                line,
                byte_start: start,
                byte_end: end,
                dependencies: BTreeSet::new(),
            });
        }
    }
    SourceLessExportRefs {
        raw_refs,
        surface_parts,
    }
}

fn build_dispatch_hints(
    rel_path: &str,
    data: &FileCallData,
    node_by_scoped: &HashMap<String, String>,
) -> Vec<DispatchHint> {
    let mut hints = Vec::new();
    let mut ordinal = 0usize;
    for (caller_symbol, call_sites) in &data.calls_by_symbol {
        let Some(caller_node) = node_by_scoped.get(caller_symbol) else {
            continue;
        };
        for call_site in call_sites {
            if !(call_site.full_callee.contains('.') || call_site.full_callee.contains("::")) {
                continue;
            }
            ordinal += 1;
            hints.push(DispatchHint {
                id: ref_id(&[
                    rel_path,
                    "dispatch",
                    caller_symbol,
                    &call_site.line.to_string(),
                    &call_site.byte_start.to_string(),
                    &call_site.byte_end.to_string(),
                    &ordinal.to_string(),
                ]),
                method_name: call_site.callee_name.clone(),
                caller_node: caller_node.clone(),
                file: rel_path.to_string(),
                line: call_site.line,
                byte_start: call_site.byte_start,
                byte_end: call_site.byte_end,
            });
        }
    }
    hints
}

fn surface_fingerprint(
    nodes: &mut [NodeRecord],
    data: &FileCallData,
    reexport_parts: &[String],
) -> String {
    nodes.sort_by(|left, right| {
        (left.file_path.as_str(), left.scoped_name.as_str())
            .cmp(&(right.file_path.as_str(), right.scoped_name.as_str()))
    });
    let mut parts = Vec::new();
    for node in nodes.iter() {
        parts.push(format!(
            "node\t{}\t{}\t{}\t{}\t{}:{}:{}:{}:{}\t{}",
            node.scoped_name,
            node.name,
            node.kind,
            node.exported,
            node.range.start_line,
            node.range.start_col,
            node.range.end_line,
            node.range.end_col,
            node.range_ordinal,
            node.signature.as_deref().unwrap_or("")
        ));
    }
    let mut exports = data.exported_symbols.clone();
    exports.sort();
    for export in exports {
        parts.push(format!("export\t{export}"));
    }
    if let Some(default_export) = &data.default_export_symbol {
        parts.push(format!("default\t{default_export}"));
    }
    let mut imports: Vec<String> = data
        .import_block
        .imports
        .iter()
        .map(|import| {
            format!(
                "import\t{}\t{:?}\t{}",
                import.module_path, import.form, import.raw_text
            )
        })
        .collect();
    imports.sort();
    parts.extend(imports);
    parts.extend(reexport_parts.iter().cloned());
    hash_to_hex(blake3::hash(parts.join("\n").as_bytes()))
}

fn resolve_ref(raw: RawRef, index: &ProjectIndex<'_>) -> Result<ResolvedRef> {
    if raw.kind != "call" {
        return Ok(ResolvedRef {
            dependencies: raw.dependencies.clone(),
            raw,
            status: "unresolved".to_string(),
            target_node: None,
            target_file: None,
            target_symbol: None,
            edge: None,
        });
    }

    let caller_file = raw.caller_file.clone();
    let caller_data = index.caller_data.get(&caller_file).ok_or_else(|| {
        CallGraphStoreError::MissingCallerData {
            file: caller_file.clone(),
        }
    })?;
    let full_ref = raw.full_ref.as_deref().unwrap_or_default();
    let short_name = raw.short_name.as_deref().unwrap_or_default();
    let mut dependencies = raw.dependencies.clone();

    let resolved = match index.lang_for(&caller_file) {
        Some(LangId::Rust) => {
            resolve_rust_target(index, &caller_file, full_ref, short_name, caller_data)
        }
        Some(LangId::TypeScript | LangId::Tsx | LangId::JavaScript) => {
            resolve_js_ts_target(index, &caller_file, full_ref, short_name, caller_data)
        }
        _ => resolve_local_target(index, &caller_file, full_ref, short_name, caller_data),
    };

    let Some((status, target_file, target_symbol)) = resolved else {
        return Ok(ResolvedRef {
            raw,
            status: "unresolved".to_string(),
            target_node: None,
            target_file: None,
            target_symbol: None,
            dependencies,
            edge: None,
        });
    };

    dependencies.insert(target_file.clone());
    let target_node = index.node_for_symbol(&target_file, &target_symbol);
    let source_node = raw.caller_node.clone();
    let edge = if let Some(source_node) = source_node {
        if target_file == caller_file
            && raw.caller_symbol.as_deref() == Some(target_symbol.as_str())
        {
            None
        } else {
            Some(EdgeRecord {
                edge_id: ref_id(&[&raw.ref_id, "edge"]),
                source_node,
                target_node: target_node.clone(),
                target_file: target_file.clone(),
                target_symbol: target_symbol.clone(),
                kind: "call".to_string(),
                line: raw.line,
            })
        }
    } else {
        None
    };

    Ok(ResolvedRef {
        raw,
        status,
        target_node,
        target_file: Some(target_file),
        target_symbol: Some(target_symbol),
        dependencies,
        edge,
    })
}

fn resolve_js_ts_target(
    index: &ProjectIndex<'_>,
    caller_file: &str,
    full_ref: &str,
    short_name: &str,
    caller_data: &FileCallData,
) -> Option<(String, String, String)> {
    if let Some((namespace, member)) = full_ref.split_once('.') {
        for import in &caller_data.import_block.imports {
            if import.namespace_import.as_deref() == Some(namespace) {
                if let Some(target_file) = index.module_target(caller_file, &import.module_path) {
                    if let Some((file, symbol)) =
                        resolve_exported_symbol(index, &target_file, member, 0)
                    {
                        return Some(("resolved".to_string(), file, symbol));
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    for import in &caller_data.import_block.imports {
        for spec in &import.names {
            if crate::imports::specifier_local_name(spec) == short_name {
                if let Some(target_file) = index.module_target(caller_file, &import.module_path) {
                    let requested = crate::imports::specifier_imported_name(spec);
                    let (file, symbol) = resolve_exported_symbol(index, &target_file, requested, 0)
                        .unwrap_or_else(|| (target_file, requested.to_string()));
                    return Some(("resolved".to_string(), file, symbol));
                }
            }
        }

        if import.default_import.as_deref() == Some(short_name) {
            if let Some(target_file) = index.module_target(caller_file, &import.module_path) {
                let (file, symbol) = resolve_exported_symbol(index, &target_file, "default", 0)
                    .or_else(|| {
                        index
                            .files
                            .get(&target_file)
                            .and_then(|file| file.default_export.clone())
                            .map(|symbol| (target_file.clone(), symbol))
                    })
                    .unwrap_or_else(|| {
                        let file_name = Path::new(&target_file)
                            .file_name()
                            .and_then(|name| name.to_str())
                            .unwrap_or("unknown")
                            .to_string();
                        (target_file, format!("<default:{file_name}>"))
                    });
                return Some(("resolved".to_string(), file, symbol));
            }
        }
    }

    for import in &caller_data.import_block.imports {
        if let Some(target_file) = index.module_target(caller_file, &import.module_path) {
            if index
                .files
                .get(&target_file)
                .map(|file| file.exports.contains(short_name))
                .unwrap_or(false)
            {
                return Some(("resolved".to_string(), target_file, short_name.to_string()));
            }
        }
    }

    resolve_local_target(index, caller_file, full_ref, short_name, caller_data)
}

fn resolve_exported_symbol(
    index: &ProjectIndex<'_>,
    file: &str,
    requested: &str,
    depth: usize,
) -> Option<(String, String)> {
    if depth > 16 {
        return None;
    }
    if requested != "default" {
        if let Some(source_symbol) = index
            .files
            .get(file)
            .and_then(|item| item.export_aliases.get(requested))
        {
            return Some((file.to_string(), source_symbol.clone()));
        }
        if index
            .files
            .get(file)
            .map(|item| item.exports.contains(requested))
            .unwrap_or(false)
        {
            return Some((file.to_string(), requested.to_string()));
        }
    } else if let Some(default) = index
        .files
        .get(file)
        .and_then(|item| item.default_export.clone())
    {
        return Some((file.to_string(), default));
    }

    for reexport in index.reexports_for(file) {
        let mut next_requested = requested.to_string();
        let matches = if reexport.wildcard {
            true
        } else if let Some(source_name) = reexport.named.get(requested) {
            next_requested = source_name.clone();
            true
        } else {
            false
        };
        if !matches {
            continue;
        }
        if let Some(target_file) = &reexport.target_file {
            if let Some(target) =
                resolve_exported_symbol(index, target_file, &next_requested, depth + 1)
            {
                return Some(target);
            }
        }
    }
    None
}

fn resolve_rust_target(
    index: &ProjectIndex<'_>,
    caller_file: &str,
    full_ref: &str,
    short_name: &str,
    caller_data: &FileCallData,
) -> Option<(String, String, String)> {
    if full_ref.contains("::") {
        if let Some(target_file) = rust_target_for_qualified(index, caller_file, full_ref) {
            return Some((
                "resolved".to_string(),
                target_file,
                rust_target_symbol(full_ref, short_name),
            ));
        }
    }

    for import in &caller_data.import_block.imports {
        if let Some((target_file, target_symbol)) =
            rust_target_for_use(index, caller_file, import, short_name)
        {
            return Some(("resolved".to_string(), target_file, target_symbol));
        }
    }

    resolve_local_target(index, caller_file, full_ref, short_name, caller_data)
}

fn rust_target_for_qualified(
    index: &ProjectIndex<'_>,
    caller_file: &str,
    full_ref: &str,
) -> Option<String> {
    let mut segments: Vec<&str> = full_ref.split("::").collect();
    if segments.len() < 2 {
        return None;
    }
    segments.pop();
    if !matches!(segments.first().copied(), Some("crate" | "self" | "super")) {
        if let Some(target) = rust_workspace_file_for_segments(index, &segments) {
            return Some(target);
        }
    }
    let module_segments = rust_resolve_segments(caller_file, &segments)?;
    rust_file_for_segments(index, caller_file, &module_segments)
}

fn rust_target_symbol(full_ref: &str, short_name: &str) -> String {
    full_ref
        .rsplit("::")
        .next()
        .filter(|name| !name.is_empty())
        .unwrap_or(short_name)
        .to_string()
}

fn rust_target_for_use(
    index: &ProjectIndex<'_>,
    caller_file: &str,
    import: &ImportStatement,
    short_name: &str,
) -> Option<(String, String)> {
    let path = import.module_path.trim().trim_end_matches(';');
    if let Some(brace_start) = path.find("::{") {
        let prefix = &path[..brace_start];
        if import.names.iter().any(|name| name == short_name) {
            let prefix_segments: Vec<&str> = prefix.split("::").collect();
            let module_segments = rust_resolve_segments(caller_file, &prefix_segments)?;
            let file = rust_file_for_segments(index, caller_file, &module_segments)?;
            return Some((file, short_name.to_string()));
        }
        return None;
    }

    let (path_without_alias, alias) = path
        .split_once(" as ")
        .map(|(left, right)| (left.trim(), Some(right.trim())))
        .unwrap_or((path, None));
    let segments: Vec<&str> = path_without_alias.split("::").collect();
    let imported = alias.or_else(|| segments.last().copied())?;
    if imported != short_name {
        return None;
    }
    if segments.len() < 2 {
        return None;
    }
    let module_segments = rust_resolve_segments(caller_file, &segments[..segments.len() - 1])?;
    let file = rust_file_for_segments(index, caller_file, &module_segments)?;
    Some((file, segments.last().unwrap_or(&short_name).to_string()))
}

fn rust_workspace_file_for_segments(index: &ProjectIndex<'_>, segments: &[&str]) -> Option<String> {
    let crate_name = segments.first().copied()?;
    let src_prefix = index.crate_src_prefix(crate_name)?;
    let module_segments = segments[1..]
        .iter()
        .map(|segment| segment.to_string())
        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
    rust_file_for_src_prefix(index, &src_prefix, &module_segments)
}

/// Walk the project tree once and map every Rust crate name (package name with
/// `-` normalized to `_`, plus any explicit `[lib] name`) to its `src` prefix.
/// Replaces the previous per-ref tree walk: resolving 600k+ qualified refs no
/// longer re-walks the filesystem once per ref.
fn build_workspace_crate_prefixes(project_root: &Path) -> HashMap<String, String> {
    let mut prefixes = HashMap::new();
    let mut stack = vec![project_root.to_path_buf()];
    while let Some(dir) = stack.pop() {
        let name = dir.file_name().and_then(|name| name.to_str()).unwrap_or("");
        if matches!(name, "target" | "node_modules" | ".git") {
            continue;
        }
        let manifest = dir.join("Cargo.toml");
        if manifest.is_file() {
            let crate_names = rust_manifest_crate_names(&manifest);
            if !crate_names.is_empty() {
                let src_prefix = relative_path(project_root, &canonicalize_path(&dir.join("src")));
                for crate_name in crate_names {
                    prefixes
                        .entry(crate_name)
                        .or_insert_with(|| src_prefix.clone());
                }
            }
        }
        let Ok(entries) = std::fs::read_dir(&dir) else {
            continue;
        };
        for entry in entries.flatten() {
            let path = entry.path();
            if path.is_dir() {
                stack.push(path);
            }
        }
    }
    prefixes
}

/// Extract the crate names a manifest defines: the normalized package name
/// (`-` -> `_`) and any explicit `[lib] name`. Returns both so a crate is
/// reachable by either spelling, matching the previous match semantics.
fn rust_manifest_crate_names(manifest: &Path) -> Vec<String> {
    let Ok(source) = std::fs::read_to_string(manifest) else {
        return Vec::new();
    };
    let mut in_lib = false;
    let mut package_name = None;
    let mut lib_name = None;
    for line in source.lines() {
        let trimmed = line.trim();
        if trimmed.starts_with('[') {
            in_lib = trimmed == "[lib]";
            continue;
        }
        let Some((key, value)) = trimmed.split_once('=') else {
            continue;
        };
        let key = key.trim();
        let value = value.trim().trim_matches('"');
        if in_lib && key == "name" {
            lib_name = Some(value.to_string());
        } else if !in_lib && key == "name" && package_name.is_none() {
            package_name = Some(value.to_string());
        }
    }
    let mut names = Vec::new();
    if let Some(lib) = lib_name {
        names.push(lib);
    }
    if let Some(package) = package_name {
        let normalized = package.replace('-', "_");
        if !names.contains(&normalized) {
            names.push(normalized);
        }
    }
    names
}

fn rust_resolve_segments(caller_file: &str, segments: &[&str]) -> Option<Vec<String>> {
    if segments.is_empty() {
        return Some(Vec::new());
    }
    let caller_segments = rust_module_segments_for_rel(caller_file);
    match segments[0] {
        "crate" => Some(segments[1..].iter().map(|item| item.to_string()).collect()),
        "self" => {
            let mut resolved = caller_segments;
            resolved.extend(segments[1..].iter().map(|item| item.to_string()));
            Some(resolved)
        }
        "super" => {
            let mut resolved = caller_segments;
            resolved.pop();
            resolved.extend(segments[1..].iter().map(|item| item.to_string()));
            Some(resolved)
        }
        _ => {
            let mut resolved = caller_segments;
            resolved.pop();
            resolved.extend(segments.iter().map(|item| item.to_string()));
            Some(resolved)
        }
    }
}

fn rust_file_for_segments(
    index: &ProjectIndex<'_>,
    caller_file: &str,
    segments: &[String],
) -> Option<String> {
    rust_file_for_src_prefix(index, &rust_src_prefix(caller_file), segments)
}

fn rust_file_for_src_prefix(
    index: &ProjectIndex<'_>,
    src_prefix: &str,
    segments: &[String],
) -> Option<String> {
    let candidate = if segments.is_empty() {
        [src_prefix, "lib.rs"].join("/")
    } else {
        format!("{}/{}.rs", src_prefix, segments.join("/"))
    };
    if index.files.contains_key(&candidate) {
        return Some(candidate);
    }
    if !segments.is_empty() {
        let mod_candidate = format!("{}/{}/mod.rs", src_prefix, segments.join("/"));
        if index.files.contains_key(&mod_candidate) {
            return Some(mod_candidate);
        }
    }
    None
}

fn rust_src_prefix(rel_path: &str) -> String {
    rel_path
        .split_once("/src/")
        .map(|(prefix, _)| format!("{prefix}/src"))
        .unwrap_or_else(|| "src".to_string())
}

fn rust_module_segments_for_rel(rel_path: &str) -> Vec<String> {
    let after_src = rel_path
        .split_once("/src/")
        .map(|(_, rest)| rest)
        .or_else(|| rel_path.strip_prefix("src/"))
        .unwrap_or(rel_path);
    if matches!(after_src, "lib.rs" | "main.rs") {
        return Vec::new();
    }
    if let Some(prefix) = after_src.strip_suffix("/mod.rs") {
        return prefix.split('/').map(|item| item.to_string()).collect();
    }
    after_src
        .strip_suffix(".rs")
        .unwrap_or(after_src)
        .split('/')
        .map(|item| item.to_string())
        .collect()
}

fn resolve_local_target(
    _index: &ProjectIndex<'_>,
    caller_file: &str,
    full_ref: &str,
    short_name: &str,
    caller_data: &FileCallData,
) -> Option<(String, String, String)> {
    if !callgraph::is_bare_callee(full_ref, short_name) {
        return None;
    }
    callgraph::resolve_symbol_query_in_data(caller_data, Path::new(caller_file), short_name)
        .ok()
        .map(|symbol| {
            (
                "resolved_local".to_string(),
                caller_file.to_string(),
                symbol,
            )
        })
}

impl<'a> ProjectIndex<'a> {
    fn from_extracts(project_root: &Path, extracts: &'a [FileExtract]) -> Self {
        let mut files = HashMap::new();
        let mut caller_data = HashMap::new();
        for extract in extracts {
            let index = DbFileIndex::from_extract(project_root, extract);
            caller_data.insert(extract.rel_path.clone(), &extract.data);
            files.insert(extract.rel_path.clone(), index);
        }
        Self {
            project_root: project_root.to_path_buf(),
            files,
            caller_data,
            workspace_crate_prefixes: std::sync::OnceLock::new(),
        }
    }

    fn from_db_and_callers(
        tx: &Transaction<'_>,
        project_root: &Path,
        caller_extracts: &'a HashMap<String, FileExtract>,
    ) -> Result<Self> {
        let mut files = load_db_file_indexes(tx, project_root)?;
        let mut caller_data = HashMap::new();
        for (rel_path, extract) in caller_extracts {
            files.insert(
                rel_path.clone(),
                DbFileIndex::from_extract(project_root, extract),
            );
            caller_data.insert(rel_path.clone(), &extract.data);
        }
        Ok(Self {
            project_root: project_root.to_path_buf(),
            files,
            caller_data,
            workspace_crate_prefixes: std::sync::OnceLock::new(),
        })
    }

    fn lang_for(&self, rel_path: &str) -> Option<LangId> {
        self.files.get(rel_path).and_then(|file| file.lang)
    }

    fn module_target(&self, caller_file: &str, module_path: &str) -> Option<String> {
        self.files
            .get(caller_file)
            .and_then(|file| file.module_targets.get(module_path).cloned().flatten())
    }

    fn reexports_for(&self, rel_path: &str) -> &[ReexportIndex] {
        self.files
            .get(rel_path)
            .map(|file| file.reexports.as_slice())
            .unwrap_or(&[])
    }

    fn node_for_symbol(&self, rel_path: &str, symbol: &str) -> Option<String> {
        self.files.get(rel_path).and_then(|file| {
            file.node_by_scoped
                .get(symbol)
                .cloned()
                .or_else(|| file.node_by_bare.get(symbol).cloned())
        })
    }
}

impl DbFileIndex {
    fn from_extract(project_root: &Path, extract: &FileExtract) -> Self {
        let mut node_by_scoped = HashMap::new();
        let mut node_by_bare = HashMap::new();
        for node in &extract.nodes {
            node_by_scoped.insert(node.scoped_name.clone(), node.id.clone());
            node_by_bare
                .entry(node.name.clone())
                .or_insert(node.id.clone());
        }
        let mut export_aliases = HashMap::new();
        for raw_ref in &extract.raw_refs {
            if raw_ref.kind == "export_alias" {
                if let (Some(exported), Some(source_symbol)) =
                    (&raw_ref.local_name, &raw_ref.requested_name)
                {
                    export_aliases.insert(exported.clone(), source_symbol.clone());
                }
            }
        }
        let mut module_targets = HashMap::new();
        for import in &extract.data.import_block.imports {
            module_targets.insert(
                import.module_path.clone(),
                module_target_from_dependencies(
                    project_root,
                    &module_dependencies(project_root, &extract.abs_path, &import.module_path),
                ),
            );
        }
        let mut reexports = Vec::new();
        for raw_ref in &extract.raw_refs {
            if raw_ref.kind == "reexport" {
                if let Some(module_path) = &raw_ref.module_path {
                    let target_file =
                        module_target_from_dependencies(project_root, &raw_ref.dependencies);
                    module_targets.insert(module_path.clone(), target_file.clone());
                    reexports.push(reexport_index_from_raw(raw_ref, target_file));
                }
            }
        }
        Self {
            lang: Some(extract.lang),
            exports: extract.data.exported_symbols.iter().cloned().collect(),
            default_export: extract.data.default_export_symbol.clone(),
            export_aliases,
            node_by_scoped,
            node_by_bare,
            module_targets,
            reexports,
        }
    }
}

fn load_db_file_indexes(
    tx: &Transaction<'_>,
    project_root: &Path,
) -> Result<HashMap<String, DbFileIndex>> {
    let mut files = HashMap::new();
    let mut stmt = tx.prepare("SELECT path, lang FROM files")?;
    let rows = stmt.query_map([], |row| {
        Ok((row.get::<_, String>(0)?, row.get::<_, String>(1)?))
    })?;
    for row in rows {
        let (rel_path, lang) = row?;
        files.insert(
            rel_path.clone(),
            DbFileIndex {
                lang: lang_from_label(&lang),
                exports: HashSet::new(),
                default_export: None,
                export_aliases: HashMap::new(),
                node_by_scoped: HashMap::new(),
                node_by_bare: HashMap::new(),
                module_targets: HashMap::new(),
                reexports: Vec::new(),
            },
        );
    }

    let mut node_stmt = tx.prepare(
        "SELECT file_path, id, name, scoped_name, exported, is_default_export FROM nodes",
    )?;
    let nodes = node_stmt.query_map([], |row| {
        Ok((
            row.get::<_, String>(0)?,
            row.get::<_, String>(1)?,
            row.get::<_, String>(2)?,
            row.get::<_, String>(3)?,
            row.get::<_, i64>(4)? != 0,
            row.get::<_, i64>(5)? != 0,
        ))
    })?;
    for row in nodes {
        let (file_path, id, name, scoped_name, exported, is_default_export) = row?;
        let file = files
            .entry(file_path.clone())
            .or_insert_with(|| DbFileIndex {
                lang: None,
                exports: HashSet::new(),
                default_export: None,
                export_aliases: HashMap::new(),
                node_by_scoped: HashMap::new(),
                node_by_bare: HashMap::new(),
                module_targets: HashMap::new(),
                reexports: Vec::new(),
            });
        if exported {
            file.exports.insert(name.clone());
            file.exports.insert(scoped_name.clone());
        }
        if is_default_export {
            file.default_export = Some(scoped_name.clone());
        }
        file.node_by_scoped.insert(scoped_name, id.clone());
        file.node_by_bare.entry(name).or_insert(id);
    }
    let file_keys: HashSet<String> = files.keys().cloned().collect();
    let mut ref_stmt = tx.prepare(
        "SELECT ref_id, caller_file, kind, module_path, full_ref, wildcard, local_name, requested_name
         FROM refs WHERE kind IN ('import', 'reexport', 'export_alias')",
    )?;
    let ref_rows = ref_stmt.query_map([], |row| {
        Ok((
            row.get::<_, String>(0)?,
            row.get::<_, String>(1)?,
            row.get::<_, String>(2)?,
            row.get::<_, Option<String>>(3)?,
            row.get::<_, Option<String>>(4)?,
            row.get::<_, i64>(5)? != 0,
            row.get::<_, Option<String>>(6)?,
            row.get::<_, Option<String>>(7)?,
        ))
    })?;
    for row in ref_rows {
        let (
            ref_id,
            caller_file,
            kind,
            module_path,
            full_ref,
            wildcard,
            local_name,
            requested_name,
        ) = row?;
        if kind == "export_alias" {
            if let (Some(exported), Some(source_symbol), Some(file)) =
                (local_name, requested_name, files.get_mut(&caller_file))
            {
                file.export_aliases.insert(exported, source_symbol);
            }
            continue;
        }
        let Some(module_path) = module_path else {
            continue;
        };
        let deps = dependencies_for_ref(tx, project_root, &ref_id)?;
        let target_file = deps
            .iter()
            .find(|dep| file_keys.contains(*dep))
            .map(|dep| relative_path(project_root, &canonicalize_path(&project_root.join(dep))));
        if let Some(file) = files.get_mut(&caller_file) {
            file.module_targets
                .entry(module_path.clone())
                .or_insert_with(|| target_file.clone());
            if kind == "reexport" {
                let raw = RawRef {
                    ref_id,
                    caller_node: None,
                    caller_symbol: None,
                    caller_file,
                    kind,
                    short_name: None,
                    full_ref,
                    module_path: Some(module_path),
                    import_kind: Some("reexport".to_string()),
                    local_name: None,
                    requested_name: None,
                    namespace_alias: None,
                    wildcard,
                    line: 0,
                    byte_start: 0,
                    byte_end: 0,
                    dependencies: deps,
                };
                file.reexports
                    .push(reexport_index_from_raw(&raw, target_file));
            }
        }
    }

    Ok(files)
}

fn insert_file_extract(
    tx: &Transaction<'_>,
    project_root: &Path,
    extract: &FileExtract,
) -> Result<()> {
    tx.execute(
        "INSERT OR REPLACE INTO files(
            path, content_hash, mtime_ns, size, lang, is_dead_code_root,
            is_public_api, surface_fingerprint, indexed_at
        ) VALUES(?1, ?2, ?3, ?4, ?5, 0, 0, ?6, ?7)",
        params![
            extract.rel_path,
            hash_to_hex(extract.freshness.content_hash),
            system_time_to_ns(extract.freshness.mtime),
            extract.freshness.size as i64,
            lang_label(extract.lang),
            extract.surface_fingerprint,
            unix_seconds_now(),
        ],
    )?;
    for node in &extract.nodes {
        tx.execute(
            "INSERT OR REPLACE INTO nodes(
                id, file_path, name, scoped_name, kind, start_line, start_col,
                end_line, end_col, range_ordinal, signature, exported,
                is_default_export, is_type_like, is_callgraph_entry_point, provenance
            ) VALUES(?1, ?2, ?3, ?4, ?5, ?6, ?7, ?8, ?9, ?10, ?11, ?12, ?13, ?14, ?15, ?16)",
            params![
                node.id,
                node.file_path,
                node.name,
                node.scoped_name,
                node.kind,
                node.range.start_line as i64,
                node.range.start_col as i64,
                node.range.end_line as i64,
                node.range.end_col as i64,
                node.range_ordinal as i64,
                node.signature,
                bool_int(node.exported),
                bool_int(node.is_default_export),
                bool_int(node.is_type_like),
                bool_int(node.is_callgraph_entry_point),
                PROVENANCE_TREESITTER,
            ],
        )?;
    }
    let mut dependencies = BTreeSet::new();
    for raw_ref in &extract.raw_refs {
        dependencies.extend(raw_ref.dependencies.iter().cloned());
    }
    insert_file_dependencies(tx, &extract.rel_path, &dependencies)?;

    for hint in &extract.dispatch_hints {
        tx.execute(
            "INSERT OR REPLACE INTO dispatch_hints(
                id, method_name, caller_node, file, line, byte_start, byte_end, provenance
            ) VALUES(?1, ?2, ?3, ?4, ?5, ?6, ?7, ?8)",
            params![
                hint.id,
                hint.method_name,
                hint.caller_node,
                hint.file,
                hint.line as i64,
                hint.byte_start as i64,
                hint.byte_end as i64,
                PROVENANCE_TREESITTER,
            ],
        )?;
    }
    mark_backend_state(
        tx,
        project_root,
        &extract.rel_path,
        Some(&extract.freshness.content_hash),
        "fresh",
    )?;
    Ok(())
}

fn insert_file_dependencies(
    tx: &Transaction<'_>,
    file_path: &str,
    dependencies: &BTreeSet<String>,
) -> Result<()> {
    for dep_file in dependencies {
        tx.execute(
            "INSERT OR IGNORE INTO file_dependencies(file_path, dep_file) VALUES(?1, ?2)",
            params![file_path, dep_file],
        )?;
    }
    Ok(())
}

fn insert_resolved_ref(tx: &Transaction<'_>, resolved: &ResolvedRef) -> Result<()> {
    let raw = &resolved.raw;
    debug_assert!(resolved.dependencies.is_superset(&raw.dependencies));
    tx.execute(
        "INSERT OR REPLACE INTO refs(
            ref_id, caller_node, caller_file, kind, short_name, full_ref, module_path,
            import_kind, local_name, requested_name, namespace_alias, wildcard, line,
            byte_start, byte_end, status, target_node, target_file, target_symbol,
            provenance
        ) VALUES(?1, ?2, ?3, ?4, ?5, ?6, ?7, ?8, ?9, ?10, ?11, ?12, ?13, ?14, ?15, ?16, ?17, ?18, ?19, ?20)",
        params![
            raw.ref_id,
            raw.caller_node,
            raw.caller_file,
            raw.kind,
            raw.short_name,
            raw.full_ref,
            raw.module_path,
            raw.import_kind,
            raw.local_name,
            raw.requested_name,
            raw.namespace_alias,
            bool_int(raw.wildcard),
            raw.line as i64,
            raw.byte_start as i64,
            raw.byte_end as i64,
            resolved.status,
            resolved.target_node,
            resolved.target_file,
            resolved.target_symbol,
            PROVENANCE_TREESITTER,
        ],
    )?;
    if let Some(edge) = &resolved.edge {
        tx.execute(
            "INSERT OR REPLACE INTO edges(
                edge_id, ref_id, source_node, target_node, target_file, target_symbol,
                kind, line, provenance
            ) VALUES(?1, ?2, ?3, ?4, ?5, ?6, ?7, ?8, ?9)",
            params![
                edge.edge_id,
                raw.ref_id,
                edge.source_node,
                edge.target_node,
                edge.target_file,
                edge.target_symbol,
                edge.kind,
                edge.line as i64,
                PROVENANCE_TREESITTER,
            ],
        )?;
    }
    Ok(())
}

fn insert_method_dispatch_edges(
    tx: &Transaction<'_>,
    project_root: &Path,
    caller_files: Option<&BTreeSet<String>>,
) -> Result<usize> {
    let references = load_name_match_refs(tx, caller_files)?;
    if references.is_empty() {
        return Ok(0);
    }

    let mut candidates_by_name: HashMap<(String, String), Vec<NameMatchCandidate>> = HashMap::new();
    let mut source_cache: DispatchSourceCache = HashMap::new();
    let mut inserted = 0usize;
    for reference in references {
        let key = (reference.method_name.clone(), reference.lang.clone());
        let candidates = match candidates_by_name.entry(key) {
            Entry::Occupied(entry) => entry.into_mut(),
            Entry::Vacant(entry) => {
                let candidates =
                    load_name_match_candidates(tx, &reference.method_name, &reference.lang)?;
                entry.insert(candidates)
            }
        };

        if let Some(receiver_type) =
            infer_receiver_type(project_root, &reference, &mut source_cache)
        {
            let Some(candidate) =
                select_type_match_candidate(&reference, candidates.as_slice(), &receiver_type)
            else {
                continue;
            };
            insert_method_dispatch_edge(tx, &reference, &candidate, PROVENANCE_TYPE_MATCH)?;
            inserted += 1;
            continue;
        }

        if method_name_match_denylisted(&reference.method_name) {
            continue;
        }

        let Some(candidate) = select_name_match_candidate(&reference, candidates.as_slice()) else {
            continue;
        };
        insert_method_dispatch_edge(tx, &reference, &candidate, PROVENANCE_NAME_MATCH)?;
        inserted += 1;
    }
    Ok(inserted)
}

fn insert_method_dispatch_edge(
    tx: &Transaction<'_>,
    reference: &NameMatchRef,
    candidate: &NameMatchCandidate,
    provenance: &str,
) -> Result<()> {
    tx.execute(
        "INSERT OR REPLACE INTO edges(
            edge_id, ref_id, source_node, target_node, target_file, target_symbol,
            kind, line, provenance
        ) VALUES(?1, ?2, ?3, ?4, ?5, ?6, 'call', ?7, ?8)",
        params![
            ref_id(&[&reference.ref_id, provenance, "edge"]),
            &reference.ref_id,
            &reference.caller_node,
            &candidate.node_id,
            &candidate.file_path,
            &candidate.scoped_name,
            reference.line as i64,
            provenance,
        ],
    )?;
    Ok(())
}

fn delete_method_dispatch_edges_for_callers(
    tx: &Transaction<'_>,
    caller_files: &BTreeSet<String>,
) -> Result<()> {
    if caller_files.is_empty() {
        return Ok(());
    }

    let mut stmt = tx.prepare(
        "DELETE FROM edges
         WHERE provenance IN (?1, ?2)
           AND ref_id IN (SELECT ref_id FROM refs WHERE caller_file = ?3)",
    )?;
    for caller_file in caller_files {
        stmt.execute(params![
            PROVENANCE_NAME_MATCH,
            PROVENANCE_TYPE_MATCH,
            caller_file
        ])?;
    }
    Ok(())
}

fn load_name_match_refs(
    tx: &Transaction<'_>,
    caller_files: Option<&BTreeSet<String>>,
) -> Result<Vec<NameMatchRef>> {
    let base_sql = "SELECT r.ref_id, r.caller_node, r.caller_file, n.scoped_name,
                           n.signature, r.short_name, r.full_ref, r.line, f.lang
                    FROM refs r
                    JOIN files f ON f.path = r.caller_file
                    JOIN nodes n ON n.id = r.caller_node
                    WHERE r.kind = 'call'
                      AND r.status = 'unresolved'
                      AND r.caller_node IS NOT NULL
                      AND r.full_ref IS NOT NULL
                      AND (r.full_ref LIKE '%.%' OR r.full_ref LIKE '%::%' OR r.full_ref LIKE '%->%')
                      AND NOT EXISTS (
                          SELECT 1 FROM edges e WHERE e.ref_id = r.ref_id AND e.kind = 'call'
                      )";
    let mut references = Vec::new();

    if let Some(caller_files) = caller_files {
        if caller_files.is_empty() {
            return Ok(references);
        }
        let sql = format!(
            "{base_sql} AND r.caller_file = ?1 ORDER BY r.caller_file, r.byte_start, r.ref_id"
        );
        let mut stmt = tx.prepare(&sql)?;
        for caller_file in caller_files {
            let rows = stmt.query_map(params![caller_file], |row| {
                Ok((
                    row.get::<_, String>(0)?,
                    row.get::<_, Option<String>>(1)?,
                    row.get::<_, String>(2)?,
                    row.get::<_, String>(3)?,
                    row.get::<_, Option<String>>(4)?,
                    row.get::<_, Option<String>>(5)?,
                    row.get::<_, Option<String>>(6)?,
                    row.get::<_, i64>(7)?,
                    row.get::<_, String>(8)?,
                ))
            })?;
            for row in rows {
                let (
                    ref_id,
                    caller_node,
                    caller_file,
                    caller_symbol,
                    caller_signature,
                    short_name,
                    full_ref,
                    line,
                    lang,
                ) = row?;
                if let Some(reference) = name_match_ref_from_parts(
                    ref_id,
                    caller_node,
                    caller_file,
                    caller_symbol,
                    caller_signature,
                    short_name,
                    full_ref,
                    line,
                    lang,
                ) {
                    references.push(reference);
                }
            }
        }
        return Ok(references);
    }

    let sql = format!("{base_sql} ORDER BY r.caller_file, r.byte_start, r.ref_id");
    let mut stmt = tx.prepare(&sql)?;
    let rows = stmt.query_map([], |row| {
        Ok((
            row.get::<_, String>(0)?,
            row.get::<_, Option<String>>(1)?,
            row.get::<_, String>(2)?,
            row.get::<_, String>(3)?,
            row.get::<_, Option<String>>(4)?,
            row.get::<_, Option<String>>(5)?,
            row.get::<_, Option<String>>(6)?,
            row.get::<_, i64>(7)?,
            row.get::<_, String>(8)?,
        ))
    })?;
    for row in rows {
        let (
            ref_id,
            caller_node,
            caller_file,
            caller_symbol,
            caller_signature,
            short_name,
            full_ref,
            line,
            lang,
        ) = row?;
        if let Some(reference) = name_match_ref_from_parts(
            ref_id,
            caller_node,
            caller_file,
            caller_symbol,
            caller_signature,
            short_name,
            full_ref,
            line,
            lang,
        ) {
            references.push(reference);
        }
    }
    Ok(references)
}

#[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
fn name_match_ref_from_parts(
    ref_id: String,
    caller_node: Option<String>,
    caller_file: String,
    caller_symbol: String,
    caller_signature: Option<String>,
    short_name: Option<String>,
    full_ref: Option<String>,
    line: i64,
    lang: String,
) -> Option<NameMatchRef> {
    let caller_node = caller_node?;
    let full_ref = full_ref?;
    let (receiver, member, colon_dispatch) = parse_method_dispatch(&full_ref)?;
    let method_name = if member.is_empty() {
        short_name.as_deref()?.to_string()
    } else {
        member
    };
    Some(NameMatchRef {
        ref_id,
        caller_node,
        caller_file,
        caller_symbol,
        caller_signature,
        receiver,
        method_name,
        colon_dispatch,
        line: line.max(0) as u32,
        lang,
    })
}

fn parse_method_dispatch(full_ref: &str) -> Option<(String, String, bool)> {
    let dot = full_ref.rfind('.').map(|index| (index, 1usize, false));
    let colon = full_ref.rfind("::").map(|index| (index, 2usize, true));
    let arrow = full_ref.rfind("->").map(|index| (index, 2usize, false));
    let (delimiter, delimiter_len, colon_dispatch) = [dot, colon, arrow]
        .into_iter()
        .flatten()
        .max_by_key(|(index, _, _)| *index)?;
    if delimiter == 0 {
        return None;
    }
    let member_start = delimiter + delimiter_len;
    if member_start >= full_ref.len() {
        return None;
    }
    let receiver = last_name_segment(&full_ref[..delimiter]);
    let member = &full_ref[member_start..];
    if receiver.is_empty() || member.is_empty() {
        return None;
    }
    Some((receiver.to_string(), member.to_string(), colon_dispatch))
}

fn last_name_segment(value: &str) -> &str {
    value
        .rsplit(['.', ':', '/', '\\', '-', '>'])
        .find(|segment| !segment.is_empty())
        .unwrap_or(value)
}

fn load_name_match_candidates(
    tx: &Transaction<'_>,
    method_name: &str,
    lang: &str,
) -> Result<Vec<NameMatchCandidate>> {
    let mut stmt = tx.prepare(
        "SELECT n.id, n.file_path, n.scoped_name, n.kind
         FROM nodes n JOIN files f ON f.path = n.file_path
         WHERE n.name = ?1
           AND f.lang = ?2
           AND n.kind IN ('method', 'function')
         ORDER BY n.file_path, n.scoped_name, n.start_line, n.start_col, n.id",
    )?;
    let rows = stmt.query_map(params![method_name, lang], |row| {
        Ok(NameMatchCandidate {
            node_id: row.get(0)?,
            file_path: row.get(1)?,
            scoped_name: row.get(2)?,
            kind: row.get(3)?,
        })
    })?;
    rows.collect::<std::result::Result<Vec<_>, _>>()
        .map_err(Into::into)
}

struct ParsedDispatchSource {
    source: String,
    tree: tree_sitter::Tree,
}

type DispatchSourceCache = HashMap<(String, String), Option<ParsedDispatchSource>>;

fn infer_receiver_type(
    project_root: &Path,
    reference: &NameMatchRef,
    source_cache: &mut DispatchSourceCache,
) -> Option<String> {
    match reference.lang.as_str() {
        "rust" => infer_rust_receiver_type(reference),
        "java" => {
            infer_java_like_receiver_type(project_root, reference, LangId::Java, source_cache)
        }
        "kotlin" => {
            infer_java_like_receiver_type(project_root, reference, LangId::Kotlin, source_cache)
        }
        "cpp" => infer_cpp_receiver_type(project_root, reference, source_cache),
        _ => None,
    }
}

fn parse_dispatch_source(
    project_root: &Path,
    caller_file: &str,
    lang: LangId,
) -> Option<ParsedDispatchSource> {
    let source = std::fs::read_to_string(project_root.join(caller_file)).ok()?;
    let grammar = crate::parser::grammar_for(lang);
    let mut parser = tree_sitter::Parser::new();
    parser.set_language(&grammar).ok()?;
    let tree = parser.parse(&source, None)?;
    Some(ParsedDispatchSource { source, tree })
}

fn parsed_dispatch_source<'a>(
    project_root: &Path,
    reference: &NameMatchRef,
    lang: LangId,
    source_cache: &'a mut DispatchSourceCache,
) -> Option<&'a ParsedDispatchSource> {
    let key = (reference.caller_file.clone(), reference.lang.clone());
    source_cache
        .entry(key)
        .or_insert_with(|| parse_dispatch_source(project_root, &reference.caller_file, lang))
        .as_ref()
}

fn infer_java_like_receiver_type(
    project_root: &Path,
    reference: &NameMatchRef,
    lang: LangId,
    source_cache: &mut DispatchSourceCache,
) -> Option<String> {
    if reference.colon_dispatch || !receiver_is_bare_identifier(&reference.receiver) {
        return None;
    }

    let parsed = parsed_dispatch_source(project_root, reference, lang, source_cache)?;
    let root = parsed.tree.root_node();
    let type_node = find_enclosing_java_like_type_node(root, &parsed.source, reference, lang);

    let callable_scope = type_node
        .and_then(|node| {
            find_enclosing_java_like_callable_node(node, &parsed.source, reference, lang)
        })
        .or_else(|| find_enclosing_java_like_callable_node(root, &parsed.source, reference, lang));

    if let Some(callable_scope) = callable_scope {
        if let Some(receiver_type) = infer_java_like_local_receiver_type(
            callable_scope,
            &parsed.source,
            &reference.receiver,
            reference.line.max(1),
            lang,
        ) {
            return Some(receiver_type);
        }
    }

    type_node.and_then(|node| {
        infer_java_like_field_receiver_type(node, &parsed.source, &reference.receiver, lang)
    })
}

fn infer_cpp_receiver_type(
    project_root: &Path,
    reference: &NameMatchRef,
    source_cache: &mut DispatchSourceCache,
) -> Option<String> {
    if reference.colon_dispatch || !receiver_is_bare_identifier(&reference.receiver) {
        return None;
    }

    let parsed = parsed_dispatch_source(project_root, reference, LangId::Cpp, source_cache)?;
    let root = parsed.tree.root_node();
    let scope = find_enclosing_cpp_callable_node(root, &parsed.source, reference).unwrap_or(root);
    infer_cpp_receiver_type_from_scope(
        scope,
        &parsed.source,
        &reference.receiver,
        reference.line.max(1),
    )
}

fn find_enclosing_java_like_type_node<'tree>(
    root: tree_sitter::Node<'tree>,
    source: &str,
    reference: &NameMatchRef,
    lang: LangId,
) -> Option<tree_sitter::Node<'tree>> {
    let expected_type = enclosing_type_from_scoped_name(&reference.caller_symbol)
        .and_then(|name| simple_type_name(&name));
    let line = reference.line.max(1);
    let mut best = None;
    let mut stack = vec![root];
    while let Some(node) = stack.pop() {
        if !node_contains_line(node, line) {
            continue;
        }
        if is_java_like_type_kind(node.kind(), lang) {
            let name = declaration_name(node, source);
            if expected_type
                .as_deref()
                .is_none_or(|expected| name == Some(expected))
            {
                best = tighter_node(best, node);
            }
        }
        push_named_children(node, &mut stack);
    }
    best
}

fn find_enclosing_java_like_callable_node<'tree>(
    root: tree_sitter::Node<'tree>,
    source: &str,
    reference: &NameMatchRef,
    lang: LangId,
) -> Option<tree_sitter::Node<'tree>> {
    let expected_name = reference.caller_symbol.rsplit("::").next();
    let line = reference.line.max(1);
    let mut best = None;
    let mut stack = vec![root];
    while let Some(node) = stack.pop() {
        if !node_contains_line(node, line) {
            continue;
        }
        if is_java_like_callable_kind(node.kind(), lang) {
            let name = declaration_name(node, source);
            if expected_name.is_none_or(|expected| name == Some(expected)) {
                best = tighter_node(best, node);
            }
        }
        push_named_children(node, &mut stack);
    }
    best
}

fn find_enclosing_cpp_callable_node<'tree>(
    root: tree_sitter::Node<'tree>,
    _source: &str,
    reference: &NameMatchRef,
) -> Option<tree_sitter::Node<'tree>> {
    let line = reference.line.max(1);
    let mut best = None;
    let mut stack = vec![root];
    while let Some(node) = stack.pop() {
        if !node_contains_line(node, line) {
            continue;
        }
        if node.kind() == "function_definition" {
            best = tighter_node(best, node);
        }
        push_named_children(node, &mut stack);
    }
    best
}

fn tighter_node<'tree>(
    current: Option<tree_sitter::Node<'tree>>,
    candidate: tree_sitter::Node<'tree>,
) -> Option<tree_sitter::Node<'tree>> {
    match current {
        Some(current)
            if current.start_byte() > candidate.start_byte()
                || (current.start_byte() == candidate.start_byte()
                    && current.end_byte() <= candidate.end_byte()) =>
        {
            Some(current)
        }
        _ => Some(candidate),
    }
}

fn node_contains_line(node: tree_sitter::Node<'_>, line: u32) -> bool {
    let start = node.start_position().row as u32 + 1;
    let end = node.end_position().row as u32 + 1;
    start <= line && line <= end
}

fn push_named_children<'tree>(
    node: tree_sitter::Node<'tree>,
    stack: &mut Vec<tree_sitter::Node<'tree>>,
) {
    for index in 0..node.named_child_count() {
        if let Some(child) = node.named_child(index as u32) {
            stack.push(child);
        }
    }
}

fn declaration_name<'source>(
    node: tree_sitter::Node<'_>,
    source: &'source str,
) -> Option<&'source str> {
    node.child_by_field_name("name")
        .map(|name| node_text(name, source))
        .or_else(|| {
            first_named_child_text(
                node,
                source,
                &["identifier", "type_identifier", "simple_identifier"],
            )
        })
}

fn first_named_child_text<'source>(
    node: tree_sitter::Node<'_>,
    source: &'source str,
    kinds: &[&str],
) -> Option<&'source str> {
    for index in 0..node.named_child_count() {
        let child = node.named_child(index as u32)?;
        if kinds.contains(&child.kind()) {
            return Some(node_text(child, source));
        }
    }
    None
}

fn node_text<'source>(node: tree_sitter::Node<'_>, source: &'source str) -> &'source str {
    &source[node.byte_range()]
}

fn infer_java_like_field_receiver_type(
    type_node: tree_sitter::Node<'_>,
    source: &str,
    receiver: &str,
    lang: LangId,
) -> Option<String> {
    let mut stack = Vec::new();
    push_named_children(type_node, &mut stack);
    while let Some(node) = stack.pop() {
        if is_java_like_field_kind(node.kind(), lang) {
            if let Some(receiver_type) =
                extract_java_like_declared_type(node_text(node, source), receiver, lang)
            {
                return Some(receiver_type);
            }
        }
        if is_java_like_type_kind(node.kind(), lang)
            || is_java_like_callable_kind(node.kind(), lang)
        {
            continue;
        }
        push_named_children(node, &mut stack);
    }
    None
}

fn infer_java_like_local_receiver_type(
    callable_node: tree_sitter::Node<'_>,
    source: &str,
    receiver: &str,
    call_line: u32,
    lang: LangId,
) -> Option<String> {
    let mut best: Option<(u32, String)> = None;
    let mut stack = Vec::new();
    push_named_children(callable_node, &mut stack);
    while let Some(node) = stack.pop() {
        let start_line = node.start_position().row as u32 + 1;
        if start_line > call_line {
            continue;
        }
        if is_java_like_local_kind(node.kind(), lang) {
            if let Some(receiver_type) =
                extract_java_like_declared_type(node_text(node, source), receiver, lang)
            {
                if best
                    .as_ref()
                    .is_none_or(|(best_line, _)| start_line >= *best_line)
                {
                    best = Some((start_line, receiver_type));
                }
            }
        }
        if is_java_like_type_kind(node.kind(), lang)
            || is_java_like_callable_kind(node.kind(), lang)
        {
            continue;
        }
        push_named_children(node, &mut stack);
    }
    best.map(|(_, receiver_type)| receiver_type)
}

fn is_java_like_type_kind(kind: &str, lang: LangId) -> bool {
    match lang {
        LangId::Java => matches!(
            kind,
            "class_declaration"
                | "interface_declaration"
                | "enum_declaration"
                | "record_declaration"
                | "annotation_type_declaration"
        ),
        LangId::Kotlin => matches!(kind, "class_declaration" | "object_declaration"),
        _ => false,
    }
}

fn is_java_like_callable_kind(kind: &str, lang: LangId) -> bool {
    match lang {
        LangId::Java => matches!(kind, "method_declaration" | "constructor_declaration"),
        LangId::Kotlin => kind == "function_declaration",
        _ => false,
    }
}

fn is_java_like_field_kind(kind: &str, lang: LangId) -> bool {
    match lang {
        LangId::Java => kind == "field_declaration",
        LangId::Kotlin => kind == "property_declaration",
        _ => false,
    }
}

fn is_java_like_local_kind(kind: &str, lang: LangId) -> bool {
    match lang {
        LangId::Java => kind == "local_variable_declaration",
        LangId::Kotlin => kind == "property_declaration",
        _ => false,
    }
}

fn extract_java_like_declared_type(
    declaration: &str,
    receiver: &str,
    lang: LangId,
) -> Option<String> {
    match lang {
        LangId::Java => extract_java_declared_type(declaration, receiver),
        LangId::Kotlin => extract_kotlin_declared_type(declaration, receiver),
        _ => None,
    }
}

fn extract_java_declared_type(declaration: &str, receiver: &str) -> Option<String> {
    let receiver_start = find_identifier_occurrence(declaration, receiver)?;
    let after = declaration[receiver_start + receiver.len()..].trim_start();
    if after
        .chars()
        .next()
        .is_some_and(|ch| !matches!(ch, ';' | '=' | ',' | ')' | '['))
    {
        return None;
    }

    let before = declaration[..receiver_start].trim_end();
    if before.contains(',') {
        return None;
    }
    normalize_receiver_type_name(strip_java_declaration_prefixes(before))
}

fn strip_java_declaration_prefixes(mut value: &str) -> &str {
    loop {
        value = value.trim_start();
        if let Some(stripped) = strip_leading_java_annotation(value) {
            value = stripped;
            continue;
        }
        if let Some(stripped) = strip_leading_java_modifier(value) {
            value = stripped;
            continue;
        }
        return value.trim();
    }
}

fn strip_leading_java_annotation(value: &str) -> Option<&str> {
    let value = value.trim_start();
    let mut chars = value.char_indices();
    let (_, first) = chars.next()?;
    if first != '@' {
        return None;
    }
    let mut end = first.len_utf8();
    for (index, ch) in chars {
        if !(is_code_ident_char(ch) || ch == '.') {
            end = index;
            break;
        }
        end = index + ch.len_utf8();
    }
    let rest = value[end..].trim_start();
    if let Some(stripped) = rest.strip_prefix('(') {
        let mut depth = 1usize;
        for (index, ch) in stripped.char_indices() {
            match ch {
                '(' => depth += 1,
                ')' => {
                    depth = depth.saturating_sub(1);
                    if depth == 0 {
                        return Some(stripped[index + ch.len_utf8()..].trim_start());
                    }
                }
                _ => {}
            }
        }
        return Some("");
    }
    Some(rest)
}

fn strip_leading_java_modifier(value: &str) -> Option<&str> {
    const MODIFIERS: &[&str] = &[
        "public",
        "protected",
        "private",
        "abstract",
        "static",
        "final",
        "transient",
        "volatile",
        "synchronized",
        "native",
        "strictfp",
    ];
    MODIFIERS
        .iter()
        .find_map(|modifier| strip_leading_word(value, modifier))
}

fn extract_kotlin_declared_type(declaration: &str, receiver: &str) -> Option<String> {
    let receiver_start = find_identifier_occurrence(declaration, receiver)?;
    let before = &declaration[..receiver_start];
    if find_identifier_occurrence(before, "val").is_none()
        && find_identifier_occurrence(before, "var").is_none()
    {
        return None;
    }

    let after = declaration[receiver_start + receiver.len()..].trim_start();
    if let Some(type_text) = after.strip_prefix(':') {
        return normalize_receiver_type_name(read_type_prefix(type_text));
    }
    after
        .strip_prefix('=')
        .and_then(infer_kotlin_constructor_type)
}

fn infer_kotlin_constructor_type(rhs: &str) -> Option<String> {
    let (head, rest) = read_invocation_head(rhs.trim_start(), JavaLikeInvocation::Kotlin)?;
    if rest.trim_start().starts_with('(') {
        normalize_receiver_type_name(head)
    } else {
        None
    }
}

fn read_type_prefix(value: &str) -> &str {
    let mut angle_depth = 0usize;
    for (index, ch) in value.char_indices() {
        match ch {
            '<' => angle_depth += 1,
            '>' => angle_depth = angle_depth.saturating_sub(1),
            '=' | ';' | '\n' | '\r' | '{' | ',' | ')' if angle_depth == 0 => {
                return value[..index].trim();
            }
            _ => {}
        }
    }
    value.trim()
}

fn infer_cpp_receiver_type_from_scope(
    scope: tree_sitter::Node<'_>,
    source: &str,
    receiver: &str,
    call_line: u32,
) -> Option<String> {
    let lines = source.lines().collect::<Vec<_>>();
    if lines.is_empty() {
        return None;
    }
    let scope_start = scope.start_position().row as usize;
    let call_index = (call_line as usize)
        .saturating_sub(1)
        .min(lines.len().saturating_sub(1));
    for index in (scope_start..=call_index).rev() {
        if let Some(receiver_type) = infer_cpp_receiver_type_from_line(lines[index], receiver) {
            return Some(receiver_type);
        }
    }
    None
}

fn infer_cpp_receiver_type_from_line(line: &str, receiver: &str) -> Option<String> {
    for receiver_start in identifier_occurrences(line, receiver) {
        let after = line[receiver_start + receiver.len()..].trim_start();
        if after
            .chars()
            .next()
            .is_some_and(|ch| !matches!(ch, ';' | '=' | ',' | ')' | '[' | '{' | '('))
        {
            continue;
        }
        let type_text = cpp_type_before_receiver(&line[..receiver_start])?;
        let normalized = normalize_cpp_type_name(type_text)?;
        if normalized == "auto" {
            if let Some(rhs) = after.strip_prefix('=') {
                return infer_cpp_auto_receiver_type(rhs);
            }
            continue;
        }
        return Some(normalized);
    }
    None
}

fn cpp_type_before_receiver(prefix: &str) -> Option<&str> {
    let candidate = prefix
        .rsplit([';', '{', '}', '('])
        .next()
        .unwrap_or(prefix)
        .trim();
    if candidate.is_empty() || candidate.ends_with(',') {
        None
    } else {
        Some(candidate)
    }
}

fn normalize_cpp_type_name(type_text: &str) -> Option<String> {
    let without_templates = strip_angle_groups(type_text);
    let mut cleaned = String::with_capacity(without_templates.len());
    for token in without_templates.split_whitespace() {
        if matches!(
            token,
            "const" | "volatile" | "mutable" | "typename" | "class" | "struct"
        ) {
            continue;
        }
        if !cleaned.is_empty() {
            cleaned.push(' ');
        }
        cleaned.push_str(token);
    }
    let token = cleaned
        .split_whitespace()
        .last()
        .unwrap_or(cleaned.trim())
        .trim_matches(|ch: char| !(is_code_ident_char(ch) || ch == ':' || ch == '.'))
        .trim_matches(['*', '&']);
    let simple = token.rsplit("::").next().unwrap_or(token).trim();
    if simple.is_empty() || cpp_non_type_token(simple) {
        None
    } else {
        Some(simple.to_string())
    }
}

fn infer_cpp_auto_receiver_type(rhs: &str) -> Option<String> {
    let rhs = rhs.trim_start();
    if let Some(after_new) = rhs.strip_prefix("new ") {
        return infer_cpp_constructor_type(after_new);
    }
    infer_cpp_make_template_type(rhs)
        .or_else(|| infer_cpp_constructor_type(rhs))
        .or_else(|| infer_cpp_factory_type(rhs))
}

fn infer_cpp_constructor_type(rhs: &str) -> Option<String> {
    let (head, rest) = read_invocation_head(rhs.trim_start(), JavaLikeInvocation::Cpp)?;
    let normalized = normalize_cpp_type_name(head)?;
    if !normalized
        .chars()
        .next()
        .is_some_and(|ch| ch == '_' || ch.is_ascii_uppercase())
    {
        return None;
    }
    if matches!(rest.trim_start().chars().next(), Some('(' | '{')) {
        Some(normalized)
    } else {
        None
    }
}

fn infer_cpp_make_template_type(rhs: &str) -> Option<String> {
    let (head, rest) = read_invocation_head(rhs.trim_start(), JavaLikeInvocation::Cpp)?;
    if !rest.trim_start().starts_with('(') {
        return None;
    }
    let base = head.split('<').next().unwrap_or(head);
    let base_simple = base.rsplit("::").next().unwrap_or(base);
    if !matches!(base_simple, "make_unique" | "make_shared") {
        return None;
    }
    first_angle_arg(head).and_then(normalize_cpp_type_name)
}

fn infer_cpp_factory_type(rhs: &str) -> Option<String> {
    let (head, rest) = read_invocation_head(rhs.trim_start(), JavaLikeInvocation::Cpp)?;
    if !rest.trim_start().starts_with('(') {
        return None;
    }
    let simple = head
        .split('<')
        .next()
        .unwrap_or(head)
        .rsplit("::")
        .next()
        .unwrap_or(head);
    for prefix in ["make", "create", "build"] {
        if let Some(suffix) = simple.strip_prefix(prefix) {
            if suffix
                .chars()
                .next()
                .is_some_and(|ch| ch == '_' || ch.is_ascii_uppercase())
            {
                return normalize_cpp_type_name(suffix);
            }
        }
    }
    None
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
enum JavaLikeInvocation {
    Kotlin,
    Cpp,
}

fn read_invocation_head(value: &str, flavor: JavaLikeInvocation) -> Option<(&str, &str)> {
    let value = value.trim_start();
    let mut end = 0usize;
    for (index, ch) in value.char_indices() {
        let allowed_separator = match flavor {
            JavaLikeInvocation::Kotlin => ch == '.',
            JavaLikeInvocation::Cpp => ch == ':' || ch == '.',
        };
        if is_code_ident_char(ch) || allowed_separator {
            end = index + ch.len_utf8();
            continue;
        }
        break;
    }
    if end == 0 {
        return None;
    }
    let mut rest = &value[end..];
    if let Some(stripped) = rest.trim_start().strip_prefix('<') {
        let skipped = skip_balanced_angle(stripped)?;
        let rest_start = rest.len() - rest.trim_start().len();
        let angle_len = 1 + skipped;
        end += rest_start + angle_len;
        rest = &value[end..];
    }
    Some((value[..end].trim(), rest))
}

fn skip_balanced_angle(value_after_open: &str) -> Option<usize> {
    let mut depth = 1usize;
    for (index, ch) in value_after_open.char_indices() {
        match ch {
            '<' => depth += 1,
            '>' => {
                depth = depth.saturating_sub(1);
                if depth == 0 {
                    return Some(index + ch.len_utf8());
                }
            }
            _ => {}
        }
    }
    None
}

fn first_angle_arg(value: &str) -> Option<&str> {
    let open = value.find('<')?;
    let inner_len = skip_balanced_angle(&value[open + 1..])?;
    let inner = &value[open + 1..open + inner_len];
    split_top_level_commas(inner).into_iter().next()
}

fn normalize_receiver_type_name(type_text: &str) -> Option<String> {
    let without_generics = strip_angle_groups(type_text);
    let cleaned = without_generics
        .replace("[]", " ")
        .replace("...", " ")
        .replace(['?', '&', '*'], " ");
    let token = cleaned
        .split_whitespace()
        .last()
        .unwrap_or(cleaned.trim())
        .trim_matches(|ch: char| !(is_code_ident_char(ch) || ch == '.' || ch == ':'));
    let token = token.rsplit("::").next().unwrap_or(token);
    let simple = token.rsplit('.').next().unwrap_or(token).trim();
    if simple.is_empty()
        || java_like_primitive_type(simple)
        || !simple
            .chars()
            .next()
            .is_some_and(|ch| ch == '_' || ch.is_ascii_uppercase())
    {
        None
    } else {
        Some(simple.to_string())
    }
}

fn simple_type_name(scoped_name: &str) -> Option<String> {
    scoped_name
        .rsplit("::")
        .find(|segment| !segment.is_empty())
        .and_then(normalize_receiver_type_name)
}

fn strip_angle_groups(value: &str) -> String {
    let mut output = String::with_capacity(value.len());
    let mut depth = 0usize;
    for ch in value.chars() {
        match ch {
            '<' => {
                if depth == 0 {
                    output.push(' ');
                }
                depth += 1;
            }
            '>' => depth = depth.saturating_sub(1),
            _ if depth == 0 => output.push(ch),
            _ => {}
        }
    }
    output
}

fn java_like_primitive_type(value: &str) -> bool {
    matches!(
        value,
        "boolean"
            | "byte"
            | "char"
            | "double"
            | "float"
            | "int"
            | "long"
            | "short"
            | "void"
            | "Boolean"
            | "Byte"
            | "Char"
            | "Double"
            | "Float"
            | "Int"
            | "Long"
            | "Short"
            | "Unit"
    )
}

fn cpp_non_type_token(value: &str) -> bool {
    matches!(
        value,
        "return"
            | "if"
            | "else"
            | "for"
            | "while"
            | "do"
            | "switch"
            | "case"
            | "default"
            | "break"
            | "continue"
            | "goto"
            | "throw"
            | "new"
            | "delete"
            | "co_await"
            | "co_yield"
            | "co_return"
            | "static_cast"
            | "const_cast"
            | "dynamic_cast"
            | "reinterpret_cast"
            | "sizeof"
            | "alignof"
            | "typeid"
            | "and"
            | "or"
            | "not"
            | "xor"
    )
}

fn receiver_is_bare_identifier(value: &str) -> bool {
    let mut chars = value.chars();
    let Some(first) = chars.next() else {
        return false;
    };
    (first == '_' || first.is_ascii_alphabetic()) && chars.all(is_code_ident_char)
}

fn find_identifier_occurrence(value: &str, needle: &str) -> Option<usize> {
    identifier_occurrences(value, needle).into_iter().next()
}

fn identifier_occurrences(value: &str, needle: &str) -> Vec<usize> {
    value
        .match_indices(needle)
        .filter_map(|(index, _)| identifier_boundary(value, index, needle.len()).then_some(index))
        .collect()
}

fn identifier_boundary(value: &str, start: usize, len: usize) -> bool {
    let before = value[..start].chars().next_back();
    let after = value[start + len..].chars().next();
    !before.is_some_and(is_code_ident_char) && !after.is_some_and(is_code_ident_char)
}

fn strip_leading_word<'a>(value: &'a str, word: &str) -> Option<&'a str> {
    let stripped = value.strip_prefix(word)?;
    if stripped.is_empty() || stripped.chars().next().is_some_and(char::is_whitespace) {
        Some(stripped.trim_start())
    } else {
        None
    }
}

fn is_code_ident_char(ch: char) -> bool {
    ch == '_' || ch.is_ascii_alphanumeric()
}

fn infer_rust_receiver_type(reference: &NameMatchRef) -> Option<String> {
    if matches!(reference.receiver.as_str(), "self" | "Self") {
        return enclosing_type_from_scoped_name(&reference.caller_symbol);
    }

    if reference.colon_dispatch && rust_receiver_looks_type_like(&reference.receiver) {
        return Some(reference.receiver.clone());
    }

    reference
        .caller_signature
        .as_deref()
        .and_then(|signature| rust_parameter_type(signature, &reference.receiver))
}

fn rust_receiver_looks_type_like(receiver: &str) -> bool {
    receiver
        .chars()
        .next()
        .is_some_and(|ch| ch == '_' || ch.is_uppercase())
}

fn enclosing_type_from_scoped_name(scoped_name: &str) -> Option<String> {
    scoped_name
        .rsplit_once("::")
        .map(|(enclosing, _)| enclosing)
        .filter(|enclosing| !enclosing.is_empty() && *enclosing != TOP_LEVEL_SYMBOL)
        .map(ToString::to_string)
}

fn rust_parameter_type(signature: &str, receiver: &str) -> Option<String> {
    let params = signature_parameter_text(signature)?;
    for param in split_top_level_commas(params) {
        let Some((pattern, type_text)) = param.split_once(':') else {
            continue;
        };
        let Some(name) = rust_parameter_name(pattern) else {
            continue;
        };
        if name == receiver {
            return normalize_rust_receiver_type(type_text);
        }
    }
    None
}

fn signature_parameter_text(signature: &str) -> Option<&str> {
    let open = signature.find('(')?;
    let mut depth = 0usize;
    for (offset, ch) in signature[open..].char_indices() {
        match ch {
            '(' => depth += 1,
            ')' => {
                depth = depth.saturating_sub(1);
                if depth == 0 {
                    return Some(&signature[open + 1..open + offset]);
                }
            }
            _ => {}
        }
    }
    None
}

fn split_top_level_commas(value: &str) -> Vec<&str> {
    let mut parts = Vec::new();
    let mut start = 0usize;
    let mut angle_depth = 0usize;
    let mut paren_depth = 0usize;
    let mut bracket_depth = 0usize;
    for (index, ch) in value.char_indices() {
        match ch {
            '<' => angle_depth += 1,
            '>' => angle_depth = angle_depth.saturating_sub(1),
            '(' => paren_depth += 1,
            ')' => paren_depth = paren_depth.saturating_sub(1),
            '[' => bracket_depth += 1,
            ']' => bracket_depth = bracket_depth.saturating_sub(1),
            ',' if angle_depth == 0 && paren_depth == 0 && bracket_depth == 0 => {
                let part = value[start..index].trim();
                if !part.is_empty() {
                    parts.push(part);
                }
                start = index + ch.len_utf8();
            }
            _ => {}
        }
    }
    let part = value[start..].trim();
    if !part.is_empty() {
        parts.push(part);
    }
    parts
}

fn rust_parameter_name(pattern: &str) -> Option<&str> {
    let mut pattern = pattern.trim();
    if let Some(stripped) = pattern.strip_prefix("mut ") {
        pattern = stripped.trim_start();
    }
    pattern
        .rsplit(|ch: char| !is_rust_ident_char(ch))
        .find(|part| !part.is_empty())
}

fn normalize_rust_receiver_type(type_text: &str) -> Option<String> {
    let mut ty = strip_leading_rust_type_modifiers(type_text);
    let owned_inner;
    if let Some(inner) = single_outer_generic_arg(ty) {
        owned_inner = inner.trim().to_string();
        ty = strip_leading_rust_type_modifiers(&owned_inner);
    }
    rust_base_type_ident(ty)
}

fn strip_leading_rust_type_modifiers(mut ty: &str) -> &str {
    loop {
        ty = ty.trim_start();
        if let Some(stripped) = ty.strip_prefix('&') {
            ty = stripped.trim_start();
            if let Some(stripped) = strip_leading_lifetime(ty) {
                ty = stripped.trim_start();
            }
            if let Some(stripped) = ty.strip_prefix("mut ") {
                ty = stripped.trim_start();
            }
            continue;
        }
        if let Some(stripped) = ty.strip_prefix("mut ") {
            ty = stripped.trim_start();
            continue;
        }
        if let Some(stripped) = ty.strip_prefix("dyn ") {
            ty = stripped.trim_start();
            continue;
        }
        if let Some(stripped) = ty.strip_prefix("impl ") {
            ty = stripped.trim_start();
            continue;
        }
        break ty.trim();
    }
}

fn strip_leading_lifetime(value: &str) -> Option<&str> {
    let mut chars = value.char_indices();
    let (_, first) = chars.next()?;
    if first != '\'' {
        return None;
    }
    for (index, ch) in chars {
        if !(ch == '_' || ch.is_ascii_alphanumeric()) {
            return Some(&value[index..]);
        }
    }
    Some("")
}

fn single_outer_generic_arg(ty: &str) -> Option<&str> {
    let ty = ty.trim();
    let open = ty.find('<')?;
    let mut depth = 0usize;
    let mut close = None;
    for (index, ch) in ty.char_indices().skip_while(|(index, _)| *index < open) {
        match ch {
            '<' => depth += 1,
            '>' => {
                depth = depth.saturating_sub(1);
                if depth == 0 {
                    close = Some(index);
                    break;
                }
            }
            _ => {}
        }
    }
    let close = close?;
    if !ty[close + 1..].trim().is_empty() {
        return None;
    }
    let inner = &ty[open + 1..close];
    let args = split_top_level_commas(inner);
    match args.as_slice() {
        [arg] => Some(*arg),
        _ => None,
    }
}

fn rust_base_type_ident(ty: &str) -> Option<String> {
    let ty = ty.trim();
    let head = ty
        .split([' ', '+', '='])
        .find(|part| !part.is_empty())
        .unwrap_or(ty);
    let head = head.split('<').next().unwrap_or(head).trim();
    let ident = head
        .rsplit("::")
        .next()
        .unwrap_or(head)
        .trim_matches(|ch: char| !is_rust_ident_char(ch));
    if ident.is_empty() || ident.chars().next().is_some_and(|ch| ch.is_ascii_digit()) {
        None
    } else {
        Some(ident.to_string())
    }
}

fn is_rust_ident_char(ch: char) -> bool {
    ch == '_' || ch.is_ascii_alphanumeric()
}

fn select_type_match_candidate(
    reference: &NameMatchRef,
    candidates: &[NameMatchCandidate],
    receiver_type: &str,
) -> Option<NameMatchCandidate> {
    let candidates = candidates
        .iter()
        .filter(|candidate| candidate.node_id != reference.caller_node)
        .filter(|candidate| {
            type_candidate_matches(candidate, receiver_type, &reference.method_name)
        })
        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
    match candidates.as_slice() {
        [candidate] => Some((**candidate).clone()),
        _ => None,
    }
}

fn type_candidate_matches(
    candidate: &NameMatchCandidate,
    receiver_type: &str,
    method_name: &str,
) -> bool {
    let normalized_type = receiver_type.replace('.', "::");
    let suffix = format!("{normalized_type}::{method_name}");
    candidate.scoped_name == suffix || candidate.scoped_name.ends_with(&format!("::{suffix}"))
}

fn select_name_match_candidate(
    reference: &NameMatchRef,
    candidates: &[NameMatchCandidate],
) -> Option<NameMatchCandidate> {
    let candidates = candidates
        .iter()
        .filter(|candidate| candidate.node_id != reference.caller_node)
        .filter(|candidate| candidate_allowed_for_reference(reference, candidate))
        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
    match candidates.as_slice() {
        [] => None,
        [candidate] => Some((**candidate).clone()),
        _ => select_scored_name_match_candidate(reference, &candidates),
    }
}

fn candidate_allowed_for_reference(
    reference: &NameMatchRef,
    candidate: &NameMatchCandidate,
) -> bool {
    if !reference.colon_dispatch {
        return true;
    }

    candidate.kind == "method"
        && candidate
            .scoped_name
            .split("::")
            .any(|segment| segment == reference.receiver)
}

fn select_scored_name_match_candidate(
    reference: &NameMatchRef,
    candidates: &[&NameMatchCandidate],
) -> Option<NameMatchCandidate> {
    let receiver_words = split_camel_case(&reference.receiver);
    if receiver_words.is_empty() {
        return None;
    }

    let mut best: Option<(&NameMatchCandidate, f64)> = None;
    let mut tied_best = false;
    for candidate in candidates {
        let candidate_words = split_camel_case(&candidate.scoped_name);
        let overlap = receiver_words
            .iter()
            .filter(|receiver_word| {
                candidate_words
                    .iter()
                    .any(|candidate_word| candidate_word == *receiver_word)
            })
            .count() as f64;
        let score =
            overlap + 1.0 + compute_path_proximity(&reference.caller_file, &candidate.file_path);
        match best {
            None => {
                best = Some((*candidate, score));
                tied_best = false;
            }
            Some((_, best_score)) if score > best_score => {
                best = Some((*candidate, score));
                tied_best = false;
            }
            Some((_, best_score)) if (score - best_score).abs() < f64::EPSILON => {
                tied_best = true;
            }
            _ => {}
        }
    }

    let (candidate, score) = best?;
    if score >= NAME_MATCH_SCORE_THRESHOLD && !tied_best {
        Some(candidate.clone())
    } else {
        None
    }
}

fn method_name_match_denylisted(method_name: &str) -> bool {
    matches!(
        method_name,
        "and_then"
            | "as_bytes"
            | "as_deref"
            | "as_mut"
            | "as_ref"
            | "as_str"
            | "borrow"
            | "borrow_mut"
            | "clear"
            | "clone"
            | "collect"
            | "contains"
            | "contains_key"
            | "count"
            | "dedup"
            | "default"
            | "drain"
            | "ends_with"
            | "entry"
            | "err"
            | "expect"
            | "extend"
            | "filter"
            | "filter_map"
            | "find"
            | "from"
            | "get"
            | "get_mut"
            | "insert"
            | "into"
            | "into_iter"
            | "is_empty"
            | "is_err"
            | "is_none"
            | "is_ok"
            | "is_some"
            | "iter"
            | "iter_mut"
            | "join"
            | "len"
            | "lock"
            | "map"
            | "map_err"
            | "max"
            | "min"
            | "new"
            | "next"
            | "ok"
            | "or_default"
            | "or_else"
            | "or_insert"
            | "or_insert_with"
            | "parse"
            | "pop"
            | "position"
            | "push"
            | "read"
            | "recv"
            | "remove"
            | "replace"
            | "retain"
            | "send"
            | "sort"
            | "sort_by"
            | "split"
            | "starts_with"
            | "sum"
            | "take"
            | "to_owned"
            | "to_string"
            | "trim"
            | "try_from"
            | "try_into"
            | "unwrap"
            | "unwrap_or"
            | "unwrap_or_default"
            | "unwrap_or_else"
            | "with_capacity"
            | "write"
    )
}

fn split_camel_case(value: &str) -> Vec<String> {
    let chars = value.chars().collect::<Vec<_>>();
    let mut normalized = String::with_capacity(value.len() + 8);
    for (index, ch) in chars.iter().enumerate() {
        let previous = index.checked_sub(1).and_then(|prev| chars.get(prev));
        let next = chars.get(index + 1);
        let is_separator = ch.is_whitespace()
            || matches!(
                ch,
                '_' | '.' | ':' | '/' | '\\' | '-' | '<' | '>' | '(' | ')' | '[' | ']'
            );
        if is_separator {
            normalized.push(' ');
            continue;
        }
        let camel_boundary = previous.is_some_and(|prev| {
            (prev.is_lowercase() && ch.is_uppercase())
                || (prev.is_ascii_digit() && ch.is_alphabetic())
                || (prev.is_uppercase()
                    && ch.is_uppercase()
                    && next.is_some_and(|next| next.is_lowercase()))
        });
        if camel_boundary {
            normalized.push(' ');
        }
        normalized.push(*ch);
    }

    normalized
        .split_whitespace()
        .filter(|word| word.len() > 1)
        .map(|word| word.to_ascii_lowercase())
        .collect()
}

fn compute_path_proximity(left: &str, right: &str) -> f64 {
    let left_dirs = left
        .rsplit_once('/')
        .map(|(dir, _)| dir)
        .unwrap_or_default()
        .split('/')
        .filter(|part| !part.is_empty());
    let right_dirs = right
        .rsplit_once('/')
        .map(|(dir, _)| dir)
        .unwrap_or_default()
        .split('/')
        .filter(|part| !part.is_empty());

    let shared = left_dirs
        .zip(right_dirs)
        .take_while(|(left, right)| left == right)
        .count();
    ((shared as f64) * 0.05).min(0.5)
}

fn mark_backend_state(
    tx: &Transaction<'_>,
    project_root: &Path,
    rel_path: &str,
    content_hash: Option<&blake3::Hash>,
    status: &str,
) -> Result<()> {
    let hash = content_hash
        .map(|hash| hash_to_hex(*hash))
        .unwrap_or_else(|| hash_to_hex(cache_freshness::zero_hash()));
    tx.execute(
        "INSERT OR REPLACE INTO backend_file_state(
            backend, workspace_root, file_path, content_hash, status, updated_at
        ) VALUES(?1, ?2, ?3, ?4, ?5, ?6)",
        params![
            BACKEND_TREESITTER,
            project_root.display().to_string(),
            rel_path,
            hash,
            status,
            unix_seconds_now(),
        ],
    )?;
    Ok(())
}

fn load_file_row(tx: &Transaction<'_>, rel_path: &str) -> Result<Option<FileRow>> {
    tx.query_row(
        "SELECT surface_fingerprint, content_hash, mtime_ns, size FROM files WHERE path = ?1",
        params![rel_path],
        |row| {
            let hash_text: String = row.get(1)?;
            Ok(FileRow {
                surface_fingerprint: row.get(0)?,
                freshness: FileFreshness {
                    content_hash: hash_from_hex(&hash_text)
                        .unwrap_or_else(cache_freshness::zero_hash),
                    mtime: ns_to_system_time(row.get::<_, i64>(2)?),
                    size: row.get::<_, i64>(3)? as u64,
                },
            })
        },
    )
    .optional()
    .map_err(CallGraphStoreError::from)
}

fn update_file_fresh_metadata(
    tx: &Transaction<'_>,
    rel_path: &str,
    hash: &blake3::Hash,
    mtime: SystemTime,
    size: u64,
) -> Result<()> {
    tx.execute(
        "UPDATE files SET mtime_ns = ?2, size = ?3, indexed_at = ?4 WHERE path = ?1",
        params![
            rel_path,
            system_time_to_ns(mtime),
            size as i64,
            unix_seconds_now()
        ],
    )?;
    tx.execute(
        "UPDATE backend_file_state SET status = 'fresh', updated_at = ?4
         WHERE backend = ?1 AND file_path = ?2 AND content_hash = ?3",
        params![
            BACKEND_TREESITTER,
            rel_path,
            hash_to_hex(*hash),
            unix_seconds_now(),
        ],
    )?;
    Ok(())
}

fn ref_ids_depending_on(
    tx: &Transaction<'_>,
    project_root: &Path,
    rel_path: &str,
) -> Result<Vec<String>> {
    let mut stmt = tx.prepare(
        "SELECT DISTINCT r.ref_id, r.kind, r.caller_file, r.module_path, r.target_file
         FROM refs r
         WHERE r.caller_file IN (
             SELECT file_path FROM file_dependencies WHERE dep_file = ?1
         )
            OR r.target_file = ?1
         ORDER BY r.ref_id",
    )?;
    let rows = stmt.query_map(params![rel_path], |row| {
        Ok(RefDependencyRow {
            ref_id: row.get(0)?,
            kind: row.get(1)?,
            caller_file: row.get(2)?,
            module_path: row.get(3)?,
            target_file: row.get(4)?,
        })
    })?;
    let mut ids = Vec::new();
    for row in rows {
        let row = row?;
        if ref_dependency_row_depends_on(project_root, &row, rel_path) {
            ids.push(row.ref_id);
        }
    }
    Ok(ids)
}

fn refs_by_caller_for_ref_ids(
    tx: &Transaction<'_>,
    ref_ids: &BTreeSet<String>,
) -> Result<BTreeMap<String, BTreeSet<String>>> {
    let mut by_caller: BTreeMap<String, BTreeSet<String>> = BTreeMap::new();
    let mut stmt = tx.prepare("SELECT caller_file FROM refs WHERE ref_id = ?1")?;
    for ref_id in ref_ids {
        if let Some(caller) = stmt
            .query_row(params![ref_id], |row| row.get::<_, String>(0))
            .optional()?
        {
            by_caller.entry(caller).or_default().insert(ref_id.clone());
        }
    }
    Ok(by_caller)
}

fn delete_file_rows(tx: &Transaction<'_>, rel_path: &str) -> Result<()> {
    tx.execute(
        "DELETE FROM file_dependencies WHERE file_path = ?1",
        params![rel_path],
    )?;
    delete_refs_for_caller(tx, rel_path)?;
    tx.execute(
        "DELETE FROM dispatch_hints WHERE file = ?1",
        params![rel_path],
    )?;
    tx.execute("DELETE FROM nodes WHERE file_path = ?1", params![rel_path])?;
    tx.execute("DELETE FROM files WHERE path = ?1", params![rel_path])?;
    Ok(())
}

fn delete_refs_for_caller(tx: &Transaction<'_>, rel_path: &str) -> Result<()> {
    let mut stmt = tx.prepare("SELECT ref_id FROM refs WHERE caller_file = ?1")?;
    let rows = stmt.query_map(params![rel_path], |row| row.get::<_, String>(0))?;
    let mut ids = BTreeSet::new();
    for row in rows {
        ids.insert(row?);
    }
    delete_ref_ids(tx, &ids)
}

fn delete_ref_ids(tx: &Transaction<'_>, ref_ids: &BTreeSet<String>) -> Result<()> {
    for ref_id in ref_ids {
        tx.execute("DELETE FROM edges WHERE ref_id = ?1", params![ref_id])?;
        tx.execute("DELETE FROM refs WHERE ref_id = ?1", params![ref_id])?;
    }
    Ok(())
}

fn edge_snapshot_with_conn(conn: &Connection) -> Result<BTreeSet<StoredEdge>> {
    let mut stmt = conn.prepare(
        "SELECT source.file_path, source.scoped_name, edges.target_file,
                edges.target_symbol, edges.kind, edges.line
         FROM edges
         JOIN nodes AS source ON source.id = edges.source_node
         ORDER BY source.file_path, source.scoped_name, edges.target_file,
                  edges.target_symbol, edges.kind, edges.line",
    )?;
    let rows = stmt.query_map([], |row| {
        Ok(StoredEdge {
            source_file: row.get(0)?,
            source_symbol: row.get(1)?,
            target_file: row.get(2)?,
            target_symbol: row.get(3)?,
            kind: row.get(4)?,
            line: row.get::<_, i64>(5)? as u32,
        })
    })?;
    let mut edges = BTreeSet::new();
    for row in rows {
        edges.insert(row?);
    }
    Ok(edges)
}

fn module_target_from_dependencies(
    project_root: &Path,
    dependencies: &BTreeSet<String>,
) -> Option<String> {
    dependencies.iter().find_map(|dep| {
        let path = project_root.join(dep);
        if path.is_file() {
            Some(relative_path(project_root, &canonicalize_path(&path)))
        } else {
            None
        }
    })
}

fn reexport_index_from_raw(raw_ref: &RawRef, target_file: Option<String>) -> ReexportIndex {
    let mut named = HashMap::new();
    if let Some(full_ref) = &raw_ref.full_ref {
        named = parse_reexport_names(full_ref);
    }
    ReexportIndex {
        target_file,
        named,
        wildcard: raw_ref.wildcard,
    }
}

fn parse_reexport_names(statement: &str) -> HashMap<String, String> {
    let mut names = HashMap::new();
    let Some(open) = statement.find('{') else {
        return names;
    };
    let Some(close) = statement[open + 1..]
        .find('}')
        .map(|offset| open + 1 + offset)
    else {
        return names;
    };
    for spec in statement[open + 1..close].split(',') {
        let spec = spec.trim();
        if spec.is_empty() {
            continue;
        }
        if let Some((source, local)) = spec.split_once(" as ") {
            names.insert(local.trim().to_string(), source.trim().to_string());
        } else {
            names.insert(spec.to_string(), spec.to_string());
        }
    }
    names
}

fn dependencies_for_ref(
    tx: &Transaction<'_>,
    project_root: &Path,
    ref_id: &str,
) -> Result<BTreeSet<String>> {
    let row = tx.query_row(
        "SELECT kind, caller_file, module_path, target_file FROM refs WHERE ref_id = ?1",
        params![ref_id],
        |row| {
            Ok(RefDependencyRow {
                ref_id: ref_id.to_string(),
                kind: row.get(0)?,
                caller_file: row.get(1)?,
                module_path: row.get(2)?,
                target_file: row.get(3)?,
            })
        },
    )?;

    match row.kind.as_str() {
        "import" | "reexport" => {
            let Some(module_path) = row.module_path.as_deref() else {
                return Ok(BTreeSet::new());
            };
            let file_deps = file_dependencies_for_file(tx, &row.caller_file)?;
            let module_deps =
                module_dependencies_for_ref(project_root, &row.caller_file, module_path);
            Ok(file_deps.intersection(&module_deps).cloned().collect())
        }
        "export_alias" => Ok(BTreeSet::new()),
        "call" => {
            let mut deps = file_dependencies_for_file(tx, &row.caller_file)?;
            if let Some(target_file) = row.target_file {
                deps.insert(target_file);
            }
            Ok(deps)
        }
        _ => file_dependencies_for_file(tx, &row.caller_file),
    }
}

#[derive(Debug)]
struct RefDependencyRow {
    ref_id: String,
    kind: String,
    caller_file: String,
    module_path: Option<String>,
    target_file: Option<String>,
}

fn ref_dependency_row_depends_on(
    project_root: &Path,
    row: &RefDependencyRow,
    rel_path: &str,
) -> bool {
    if row.target_file.as_deref() == Some(rel_path) {
        return true;
    }

    match row.kind.as_str() {
        "call" => true,
        "import" | "reexport" => row
            .module_path
            .as_deref()
            .map(|module_path| {
                module_dependencies_for_ref(project_root, &row.caller_file, module_path)
                    .contains(rel_path)
            })
            .unwrap_or(false),
        "export_alias" => false,
        _ => false,
    }
}

fn file_dependencies_for_file(tx: &Transaction<'_>, file_path: &str) -> Result<BTreeSet<String>> {
    let mut stmt = tx
        .prepare("SELECT dep_file FROM file_dependencies WHERE file_path = ?1 ORDER BY dep_file")?;
    let rows = stmt.query_map(params![file_path], |row| row.get::<_, String>(0))?;
    let mut deps = BTreeSet::new();
    for row in rows {
        deps.insert(row?);
    }
    Ok(deps)
}

fn module_dependencies_for_ref(
    project_root: &Path,
    caller_file: &str,
    module_path: &str,
) -> BTreeSet<String> {
    module_dependencies(project_root, &project_root.join(caller_file), module_path)
}

fn import_dependencies(
    project_root: &Path,
    abs_path: &Path,
    imports: &[ImportStatement],
) -> BTreeSet<String> {
    let mut deps = BTreeSet::new();
    for import in imports {
        deps.extend(module_dependencies(
            project_root,
            abs_path,
            &import.module_path,
        ));
    }
    deps
}

fn module_dependencies(
    project_root: &Path,
    abs_path: &Path,
    module_path: &str,
) -> BTreeSet<String> {
    let mut deps = BTreeSet::new();
    let caller_dir = abs_path.parent().unwrap_or(project_root);
    if let Some(resolved) = callgraph::resolve_module_path(caller_dir, module_path) {
        deps.insert(relative_path(project_root, &resolved));
    }
    if module_path.starts_with('.') {
        let base = caller_dir.join(module_path);
        for candidate in relative_module_candidates(&base) {
            deps.insert(relative_path(project_root, &candidate));
        }
    }
    deps
}

fn relative_module_candidates(base: &Path) -> Vec<PathBuf> {
    let mut candidates = Vec::new();
    if base.extension().is_some() {
        candidates.push(base.to_path_buf());
        return candidates;
    }
    for ext in JS_TS_EXTENSIONS {
        candidates.push(base.with_extension(ext));
    }
    for ext in JS_TS_EXTENSIONS {
        candidates.push(base.join(format!("index.{ext}")));
    }
    candidates
}

fn import_local_names(import: &ImportStatement) -> Vec<String> {
    let mut names = Vec::new();
    if let Some(default) = &import.default_import {
        names.push(default.clone());
    }
    if let Some(namespace) = &import.namespace_import {
        names.push(namespace.clone());
    }
    for name in &import.names {
        names.push(crate::imports::specifier_local_name(name).to_string());
    }
    names
}

fn import_requested_names(import: &ImportStatement) -> Vec<String> {
    import
        .names
        .iter()
        .map(|name| crate::imports::specifier_imported_name(name).to_string())
        .collect()
}

fn import_is_wildcard(import: &ImportStatement) -> bool {
    import.namespace_import.is_some() || import.raw_text.contains('*')
}

fn namespace_alias(full_ref: &str) -> Option<String> {
    full_ref
        .split_once('.')
        .map(|(namespace, _)| namespace.to_string())
}

fn import_kind_label(kind: ImportKind) -> &'static str {
    match kind {
        ImportKind::Value => "value",
        ImportKind::Type => "type",
        ImportKind::SideEffect => "side_effect",
    }
}

fn symbol_kind_label(kind: &SymbolKind) -> &'static str {
    match kind {
        SymbolKind::Function => "function",
        SymbolKind::Class => "class",
        SymbolKind::Method => "method",
        SymbolKind::Struct => "struct",
        SymbolKind::Interface => "interface",
        SymbolKind::Enum => "enum",
        SymbolKind::TypeAlias => "type_alias",
        SymbolKind::Variable => "variable",
        SymbolKind::Heading => "heading",
        SymbolKind::FileSummary => "file_summary",
    }
}

fn is_type_like(kind: &SymbolKind) -> bool {
    matches!(
        kind,
        SymbolKind::Class
            | SymbolKind::Struct
            | SymbolKind::Interface
            | SymbolKind::Enum
            | SymbolKind::TypeAlias
    )
}

fn lang_label(lang: LangId) -> &'static str {
    match lang {
        LangId::TypeScript => "typescript",
        LangId::Tsx => "tsx",
        LangId::JavaScript => "javascript",
        LangId::Python => "python",
        LangId::Rust => "rust",
        LangId::Go => "go",
        LangId::C => "c",
        LangId::Cpp => "cpp",
        LangId::Zig => "zig",
        LangId::CSharp => "csharp",
        LangId::Bash => "bash",
        LangId::Html => "html",
        LangId::Markdown => "markdown",
        LangId::Solidity => "solidity",
        LangId::Scss => "scss",
        LangId::Vue => "vue",
        LangId::Json => "json",
        LangId::Scala => "scala",
        LangId::Java => "java",
        LangId::Ruby => "ruby",
        LangId::Kotlin => "kotlin",
        LangId::Swift => "swift",
        LangId::Php => "php",
        LangId::Lua => "lua",
        LangId::Perl => "perl",
        LangId::Yaml => "yaml",
    }
}

fn lang_from_label(label: &str) -> Option<LangId> {
    match label {
        "typescript" => Some(LangId::TypeScript),
        "tsx" => Some(LangId::Tsx),
        "javascript" => Some(LangId::JavaScript),
        "python" => Some(LangId::Python),
        "rust" => Some(LangId::Rust),
        "go" => Some(LangId::Go),
        "c" => Some(LangId::C),
        "cpp" => Some(LangId::Cpp),
        "zig" => Some(LangId::Zig),
        "csharp" => Some(LangId::CSharp),
        "bash" => Some(LangId::Bash),
        "html" => Some(LangId::Html),
        "markdown" => Some(LangId::Markdown),
        "solidity" => Some(LangId::Solidity),
        "scss" => Some(LangId::Scss),
        "vue" => Some(LangId::Vue),
        "json" => Some(LangId::Json),
        "scala" => Some(LangId::Scala),
        "java" => Some(LangId::Java),
        "ruby" => Some(LangId::Ruby),
        "kotlin" => Some(LangId::Kotlin),
        "swift" => Some(LangId::Swift),
        "php" => Some(LangId::Php),
        "lua" => Some(LangId::Lua),
        "perl" => Some(LangId::Perl),
        "yaml" => Some(LangId::Yaml),
        _ => None,
    }
}

fn normalize_file_list(project_root: &Path, files: &[PathBuf]) -> Result<Vec<PathBuf>> {
    let mut normalized = if files.is_empty() {
        callgraph::walk_project_files(project_root).collect::<Vec<_>>()
    } else {
        files
            .iter()
            .map(|path| normalize_file_path(project_root, path))
            .collect::<Result<Vec<_>>>()?
    };
    normalized.sort();
    normalized.dedup();
    Ok(normalized)
}

fn normalize_file_path(project_root: &Path, path: &Path) -> Result<PathBuf> {
    let full_path = if path.is_relative() {
        project_root.join(path)
    } else {
        path.to_path_buf()
    };
    Ok(canonicalize_path(&full_path))
}

fn canonicalize_path(path: &Path) -> PathBuf {
    std::fs::canonicalize(path).unwrap_or_else(|_| path.to_path_buf())
}

fn relative_path(project_root: &Path, path: &Path) -> String {
    if let Ok(stripped) = path.strip_prefix(project_root) {
        return stripped.to_string_lossy().replace('\\', "/");
    }
    let canon_root = canonicalize_path(project_root);
    let canon_path = canonicalize_path(path);
    if let Ok(stripped) = canon_path.strip_prefix(&canon_root) {
        return stripped.to_string_lossy().replace('\\', "/");
    }
    canon_path.to_string_lossy().replace('\\', "/")
}

fn unqualified_name(scoped: &str) -> &str {
    if scoped == TOP_LEVEL_SYMBOL {
        return scoped;
    }
    scoped
        .rsplit("::")
        .next()
        .unwrap_or(scoped)
        .rsplit('.')
        .next()
        .unwrap_or(scoped)
        .rsplit('#')
        .next()
        .unwrap_or(scoped)
}

fn ref_id(parts: &[&str]) -> String {
    let joined = parts.join("\0");
    hash_to_hex(blake3::hash(joined.as_bytes()))
}

fn hash_to_hex(hash: blake3::Hash) -> String {
    hash.to_hex().to_string()
}

fn hash_from_hex(value: &str) -> Option<blake3::Hash> {
    let bytes = hex_to_bytes(value)?;
    Some(blake3::Hash::from_bytes(bytes))
}

fn hex_to_bytes(value: &str) -> Option<[u8; 32]> {
    if value.len() != 64 {
        return None;
    }
    let mut bytes = [0u8; 32];
    for (index, slot) in bytes.iter_mut().enumerate() {
        let start = index * 2;
        let end = start + 2;
        *slot = u8::from_str_radix(&value[start..end], 16).ok()?;
    }
    Some(bytes)
}

fn byte_to_line(path: &Path, byte_offset: usize) -> Option<u32> {
    let source = std::fs::read_to_string(path).ok()?;
    Some(
        source[..byte_offset.min(source.len())]
            .bytes()
            .filter(|byte| *byte == b'\n')
            .count() as u32
            + 1,
    )
}

fn empty_to_none(value: String) -> Option<String> {
    if value.is_empty() {
        None
    } else {
        Some(value)
    }
}

fn bool_int(value: bool) -> i64 {
    if value {
        1
    } else {
        0
    }
}

fn system_time_to_ns(time: SystemTime) -> i64 {
    time.duration_since(UNIX_EPOCH)
        .unwrap_or_default()
        .as_nanos()
        .min(i64::MAX as u128) as i64
}

fn ns_to_system_time(value: i64) -> SystemTime {
    UNIX_EPOCH + Duration::from_nanos(value.max(0) as u64)
}

fn unix_seconds_now() -> i64 {
    SystemTime::now()
        .duration_since(UNIX_EPOCH)
        .unwrap_or_default()
        .as_secs() as i64
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod build_pool_tests {
    use super::build_pool_size;

    #[test]
    fn build_pool_is_bounded_to_half_cores_capped_at_eight() {
        let size = build_pool_size();
        // Never zero, never the full core count, never above the 8 cap — this is
        // the starvation guard for the cold-build's all-cores tree-sitter pass.
        assert!(size >= 1, "pool size must be at least 1");
        assert!(size <= 8, "pool size must be capped at 8, got {size}");

        let cores = std::thread::available_parallelism()
            .map(|p| p.get())
            .unwrap_or(1);
        let expected = cores.div_ceil(2).clamp(1, 8);
        assert_eq!(size, expected, "pool size must be div_ceil(2).clamp(1,8)");
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod method_dispatch_inference_tests {
    use super::*;
    use std::fs;
    use tempfile::tempdir;

    #[test]
    fn java_field_receiver_type_selects_declared_class_method() {
        let source = r#"class EntryPoint {
    private UserService userService;

    void handle() {
        userService.find();
    }
}

class UserService {
    void find() {}
}

class AuditService {
    void find() {}
}
"#;
        let dir = tempdir().expect("temp dir");
        let root = dir.path();
        write_fixture(root, "src/EntryPoint.java", source);
        let reference = reference(
            "java",
            "src/EntryPoint.java",
            "EntryPoint::handle",
            "userService",
            "find",
            line_of(source, "userService.find()"),
        );
        let mut cache = DispatchSourceCache::new();

        let receiver_type =
            infer_receiver_type(root, &reference, &mut cache).expect("receiver type");
        assert_eq!(receiver_type, "UserService");

        let candidates = vec![
            method_candidate("audit", "AuditService::find"),
            method_candidate("user", "UserService::find"),
        ];
        let selected = select_type_match_candidate(&reference, &candidates, &receiver_type)
            .expect("type candidate");
        assert_eq!(selected.scoped_name, "UserService::find");

        let wrong_candidates = vec![method_candidate("audit", "AuditService::find")];
        assert!(
            select_type_match_candidate(&reference, &wrong_candidates, &receiver_type).is_none()
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn kotlin_property_and_local_value_types_are_inferred() {
        let source = r#"class Handler {
    private val auditService: AuditService = AuditService()

    fun handle() {
        auditService.find()
        val userService: UserService = UserService()
        userService.find()
        val billingService = BillingService()
        billingService.find()
    }
}

class UserService { fun find() {} }
class AuditService { fun find() {} }
class BillingService { fun find() {} }
"#;
        let dir = tempdir().expect("temp dir");
        let root = dir.path();
        write_fixture(root, "src/Handler.kt", source);
        let mut cache = DispatchSourceCache::new();

        let audit_ref = reference(
            "kotlin",
            "src/Handler.kt",
            "Handler::handle",
            "auditService",
            "find",
            line_of(source, "auditService.find()"),
        );
        assert_eq!(
            infer_receiver_type(root, &audit_ref, &mut cache).as_deref(),
            Some("AuditService")
        );

        let user_ref = reference(
            "kotlin",
            "src/Handler.kt",
            "Handler::handle",
            "userService",
            "find",
            line_of(source, "userService.find()"),
        );
        assert_eq!(
            infer_receiver_type(root, &user_ref, &mut cache).as_deref(),
            Some("UserService")
        );

        let billing_ref = reference(
            "kotlin",
            "src/Handler.kt",
            "Handler::handle",
            "billingService",
            "find",
            line_of(source, "billingService.find()"),
        );
        assert_eq!(
            infer_receiver_type(root, &billing_ref, &mut cache).as_deref(),
            Some("BillingService")
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn cpp_declarator_and_auto_factory_receiver_types_are_inferred() {
        let source = r#"struct Foo { void run(); };
struct PointerFoo { void run(); };
struct FactoryFoo { void run(); };
FactoryFoo makeFactoryFoo();

void handle() {
    Foo foo;
    foo.run();
    PointerFoo* pointerFoo = nullptr;
    pointerFoo->run();
    auto factoryFoo = makeFactoryFoo();
    factoryFoo.run();
}
"#;
        let dir = tempdir().expect("temp dir");
        let root = dir.path();
        write_fixture(root, "src/fixture.cpp", source);
        let mut cache = DispatchSourceCache::new();

        let foo_ref = reference(
            "cpp",
            "src/fixture.cpp",
            "handle",
            "foo",
            "run",
            line_of(source, "foo.run()"),
        );
        assert_eq!(
            infer_receiver_type(root, &foo_ref, &mut cache).as_deref(),
            Some("Foo")
        );

        let pointer_ref = reference(
            "cpp",
            "src/fixture.cpp",
            "handle",
            "pointerFoo",
            "run",
            line_of(source, "pointerFoo->run()"),
        );
        assert_eq!(
            infer_receiver_type(root, &pointer_ref, &mut cache).as_deref(),
            Some("PointerFoo")
        );

        let factory_ref = reference(
            "cpp",
            "src/fixture.cpp",
            "handle",
            "factoryFoo",
            "run",
            line_of(source, "factoryFoo.run()"),
        );
        assert_eq!(
            infer_receiver_type(root, &factory_ref, &mut cache).as_deref(),
            Some("FactoryFoo")
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn unknown_java_receiver_still_uses_name_match_fallback() {
        let source = r#"class EntryPoint {
    void handle() {
        service.runSpecial();
    }
}

class OnlyService {
    void runSpecial() {}
}
"#;
        let dir = tempdir().expect("temp dir");
        let root = dir.path();
        write_fixture(root, "src/EntryPoint.java", source);
        let reference = reference(
            "java",
            "src/EntryPoint.java",
            "EntryPoint::handle",
            "service",
            "runSpecial",
            line_of(source, "service.runSpecial()"),
        );
        let mut cache = DispatchSourceCache::new();

        assert!(infer_receiver_type(root, &reference, &mut cache).is_none());
        let candidates = vec![method_candidate("only", "OnlyService::runSpecial")];
        let selected = select_name_match_candidate(&reference, &candidates).expect("name match");
        assert_eq!(selected.scoped_name, "OnlyService::runSpecial");
    }

    fn reference(
        lang: &str,
        caller_file: &str,
        caller_symbol: &str,
        receiver: &str,
        method_name: &str,
        line: u32,
    ) -> NameMatchRef {
        NameMatchRef {
            ref_id: format!("{caller_file}:{line}:{receiver}:{method_name}"),
            caller_node: format!("{caller_symbol}:node"),
            caller_file: caller_file.to_string(),
            caller_symbol: caller_symbol.to_string(),
            caller_signature: None,
            receiver: receiver.to_string(),
            method_name: method_name.to_string(),
            colon_dispatch: false,
            line,
            lang: lang.to_string(),
        }
    }

    fn method_candidate(node_id: &str, scoped_name: &str) -> NameMatchCandidate {
        NameMatchCandidate {
            node_id: node_id.to_string(),
            file_path: "src/targets.fixture".to_string(),
            scoped_name: scoped_name.to_string(),
            kind: "method".to_string(),
        }
    }

    fn write_fixture(root: &std::path::Path, rel_path: &str, source: &str) {
        let path = root.join(rel_path);
        fs::create_dir_all(path.parent().expect("fixture parent")).expect("create parent");
        fs::write(path, source).expect("write fixture");
    }

    fn line_of(source: &str, needle: &str) -> u32 {
        source
            .lines()
            .position(|line| line.contains(needle))
            .map(|index| index as u32 + 1)
            .unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("missing line containing {needle:?}"))
    }
}