1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354
1355
1356
1357
1358
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
1386
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1404
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1431
1432
1433
1434
1435
1436
1437
1438
1439
1440
1441
1442
1443
1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
1449
1450
1451
1452
1453
1454
1455
1456
1457
1458
1459
1460
1461
1462
1463
1464
1465
1466
1467
1468
1469
1470
1471
1472
1473
1474
1475
1476
1477
1478
1479
1480
1481
1482
1483
1484
1485
1486
1487
1488
1489
1490
1491
1492
1493
1494
1495
1496
1497
1498
1499
1500
1501
1502
1503
1504
1505
1506
1507
1508
1509
1510
1511
1512
1513
1514
1515
1516
1517
1518
1519
1520
1521
1522
1523
1524
1525
1526
1527
1528
1529
1530
1531
1532
1533
1534
1535
1536
1537
1538
1539
1540
1541
1542
1543
1544
1545
1546
1547
1548
1549
1550
1551
1552
1553
1554
1555
1556
1557
1558
1559
1560
1561
1562
1563
1564
1565
1566
1567
1568
1569
1570
1571
1572
1573
1574
1575
1576
1577
1578
1579
1580
1581
1582
1583
1584
1585
1586
1587
1588
1589
1590
1591
1592
1593
1594
1595
1596
1597
1598
1599
1600
1601
1602
1603
1604
1605
1606
1607
1608
1609
1610
1611
1612
1613
1614
1615
1616
1617
1618
1619
1620
1621
1622
1623
1624
1625
1626
1627
1628
1629
1630
1631
1632
1633
1634
1635
1636
1637
1638
1639
1640
1641
1642
1643
1644
1645
1646
1647
1648
1649
1650
1651
1652
1653
1654
1655
1656
1657
1658
1659
1660
1661
1662
1663
1664
1665
1666
1667
1668
1669
1670
1671
1672
1673
1674
1675
1676
1677
1678
1679
1680
1681
1682
1683
1684
1685
1686
1687
1688
1689
1690
1691
1692
1693
1694
1695
1696
1697
1698
1699
1700
1701
1702
1703
1704
1705
1706
1707
1708
1709
1710
1711
1712
1713
1714
1715
1716
1717
1718
1719
1720
1721
1722
1723
1724
1725
1726
1727
1728
1729
1730
1731
1732
1733
1734
1735
1736
1737
1738
1739
1740
1741
1742
1743
1744
1745
1746
1747
1748
1749
1750
1751
1752
1753
1754
1755
1756
1757
1758
1759
1760
1761
1762
1763
1764
1765
1766
1767
1768
1769
1770
1771
1772
1773
1774
1775
1776
1777
1778
1779
1780
1781
1782
1783
1784
1785
1786
1787
1788
1789
1790
1791
1792
1793
1794
1795
1796
1797
1798
1799
1800
1801
1802
1803
1804
1805
1806
1807
1808
1809
1810
1811
1812
1813
1814
1815
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
2036
2037
2038
2039
2040
2041
2042
2043
2044
2045
2046
2047
2048
2049
2050
2051
2052
2053
2054
2055
2056
2057
2058
2059
2060
2061
2062
2063
2064
2065
2066
2067
2068
2069
2070
2071
2072
2073
2074
2075
2076
2077
2078
2079
2080
2081
2082
2083
2084
2085
2086
2087
2088
2089
2090
2091
2092
2093
2094
2095
2096
2097
2098
2099
2100
2101
2102
2103
2104
2105
2106
2107
2108
2109
2110
2111
2112
2113
2114
2115
2116
2117
2118
2119
2120
2121
2122
2123
2124
2125
2126
2127
2128
2129
2130
2131
2132
2133
2134
2135
2136
2137
2138
2139
2140
2141
2142
2143
2144
2145
2146
2147
2148
2149
2150
2151
2152
2153
2154
2155
2156
2157
2158
2159
2160
2161
2162
2163
2164
2165
2166
2167
2168
2169
2170
2171
2172
2173
2174
2175
2176
2177
2178
2179
2180
2181
2182
2183
2184
2185
2186
2187
2188
2189
2190
2191
2192
2193
2194
2195
2196
2197
2198
2199
2200
2201
2202
2203
2204
2205
2206
2207
2208
2209
2210
2211
2212
2213
2214
2215
2216
2217
2218
2219
2220
2221
2222
2223
2224
2225
2226
2227
2228
2229
2230
2231
2232
2233
2234
2235
2236
2237
2238
2239
2240
2241
2242
2243
2244
2245
2246
2247
2248
2249
2250
2251
2252
2253
2254
2255
2256
2257
2258
2259
2260
2261
2262
2263
2264
2265
2266
2267
2268
2269
2270
2271
2272
2273
2274
2275
2276
2277
2278
2279
2280
2281
2282
2283
2284
2285
2286
2287
2288
2289
2290
2291
2292
2293
2294
2295
2296
2297
2298
2299
2300
2301
2302
2303
2304
2305
2306
2307
2308
2309
2310
2311
2312
2313
2314
2315
2316
2317
2318
2319
2320
2321
2322
2323
2324
2325
2326
2327
2328
2329
2330
2331
2332
2333
2334
2335
2336
2337
2338
2339
2340
2341
2342
2343
2344
2345
2346
2347
2348
2349
2350
2351
2352
2353
2354
2355
2356
2357
2358
2359
2360
2361
2362
2363
2364
2365
2366
2367
2368
2369
2370
2371
2372
2373
2374
2375
2376
2377
2378
2379
2380
2381
2382
2383
2384
2385
2386
2387
2388
2389
2390
2391
2392
2393
2394
2395
2396
2397
2398
2399
2400
2401
2402
2403
2404
2405
2406
2407
2408
2409
2410
2411
2412
2413
2414
2415
2416
2417
2418
2419
2420
2421
2422
2423
2424
2425
2426
2427
2428
2429
2430
2431
2432
2433
2434
2435
2436
2437
2438
2439
2440
2441
2442
2443
2444
2445
2446
2447
2448
2449
2450
2451
2452
2453
2454
2455
2456
2457
2458
2459
2460
2461
2462
2463
2464
2465
2466
2467
2468
2469
2470
2471
2472
2473
2474
2475
2476
2477
2478
2479
2480
2481
2482
2483
2484
2485
2486
2487
2488
2489
2490
2491
2492
2493
2494
2495
2496
2497
2498
2499
2500
2501
2502
2503
2504
2505
2506
2507
2508
2509
2510
2511
2512
2513
2514
2515
2516
2517
2518
2519
2520
2521
2522
2523
2524
2525
2526
2527
2528
2529
2530
2531
2532
2533
2534
2535
2536
2537
2538
2539
2540
2541
2542
2543
2544
2545
2546
2547
2548
2549
2550
2551
2552
2553
2554
2555
2556
2557
2558
2559
2560
2561
2562
2563
2564
2565
2566
2567
2568
2569
2570
2571
2572
2573
2574
2575
2576
2577
2578
2579
2580
2581
2582
2583
2584
2585
2586
2587
2588
2589
2590
2591
2592
2593
2594
2595
2596
2597
2598
2599
2600
2601
2602
2603
2604
2605
2606
2607
2608
2609
2610
2611
2612
2613
2614
2615
2616
2617
2618
2619
2620
2621
2622
2623
2624
2625
2626
2627
2628
2629
2630
2631
2632
2633
2634
2635
2636
2637
2638
2639
2640
2641
2642
2643
2644
2645
2646
2647
2648
2649
2650
2651
2652
2653
2654
2655
2656
2657
2658
2659
2660
2661
2662
2663
2664
2665
2666
2667
2668
2669
2670
2671
2672
2673
2674
2675
2676
2677
2678
2679
2680
2681
2682
2683
2684
2685
2686
2687
2688
2689
2690
2691
2692
2693
2694
2695
2696
2697
2698
2699
2700
2701
2702
2703
2704
2705
2706
2707
2708
2709
2710
2711
2712
2713
2714
2715
2716
2717
2718
2719
2720
2721
2722
2723
2724
2725
2726
2727
2728
2729
2730
2731
2732
2733
2734
2735
2736
2737
2738
2739
2740
2741
2742
2743
2744
2745
2746
2747
2748
2749
2750
2751
2752
2753
2754
2755
2756
2757
2758
2759
2760
2761
2762
2763
2764
2765
2766
2767
2768
2769
2770
2771
2772
2773
2774
2775
2776
2777
2778
2779
2780
2781
2782
2783
2784
2785
2786
2787
2788
2789
2790
2791
2792
2793
2794
2795
2796
2797
2798
2799
2800
2801
2802
2803
2804
2805
2806
2807
2808
2809
2810
2811
2812
2813
2814
2815
2816
2817
2818
2819
2820
2821
2822
2823
2824
2825
2826
2827
2828
2829
2830
2831
2832
2833
2834
2835
2836
2837
2838
2839
2840
2841
2842
2843
2844
2845
2846
2847
2848
2849
2850
2851
2852
2853
2854
2855
2856
2857
2858
2859
2860
2861
2862
2863
2864
2865
2866
2867
2868
2869
2870
2871
2872
2873
2874
2875
2876
2877
2878
2879
2880
2881
2882
2883
2884
2885
2886
2887
2888
2889
2890
2891
2892
2893
2894
2895
2896
2897
2898
2899
2900
2901
2902
2903
2904
2905
2906
2907
2908
2909
2910
2911
2912
2913
2914
2915
2916
2917
2918
2919
2920
2921
2922
2923
2924
2925
2926
2927
2928
2929
2930
2931
2932
2933
2934
2935
2936
2937
2938
2939
2940
2941
2942
2943
2944
2945
2946
2947
2948
2949
2950
2951
2952
2953
2954
2955
2956
2957
2958
2959
2960
2961
2962
2963
2964
2965
2966
2967
2968
2969
2970
2971
2972
2973
2974
2975
2976
2977
2978
2979
2980
2981
2982
2983
2984
2985
2986
2987
2988
2989
2990
2991
2992
2993
2994
2995
2996
2997
2998
2999
3000
3001
3002
3003
3004
3005
3006
3007
3008
3009
3010
3011
3012
3013
3014
3015
3016
3017
3018
3019
3020
3021
3022
3023
3024
3025
3026
3027
3028
3029
3030
3031
3032
3033
3034
3035
3036
3037
3038
3039
3040
3041
3042
3043
3044
3045
3046
3047
3048
3049
3050
3051
3052
3053
3054
3055
3056
3057
3058
3059
3060
3061
3062
3063
3064
3065
3066
3067
3068
3069
3070
3071
3072
3073
3074
3075
3076
3077
3078
3079
3080
3081
3082
3083
3084
3085
3086
3087
3088
3089
3090
3091
3092
3093
3094
3095
3096
3097
3098
3099
3100
3101
3102
3103
3104
3105
3106
3107
3108
3109
3110
3111
3112
3113
3114
3115
3116
3117
3118
3119
3120
3121
3122
3123
3124
3125
3126
3127
3128
3129
3130
3131
3132
3133
3134
3135
3136
3137
3138
3139
3140
3141
3142
3143
3144
3145
3146
3147
3148
3149
3150
3151
3152
3153
3154
3155
3156
3157
3158
3159
3160
3161
3162
3163
3164
3165
3166
3167
3168
3169
3170
3171
3172
3173
3174
3175
3176
3177
3178
3179
3180
3181
3182
3183
3184
3185
3186
3187
3188
3189
3190
3191
3192
3193
3194
3195
3196
3197
3198
3199
3200
3201
3202
3203
3204
3205
3206
3207
3208
3209
3210
3211
3212
3213
3214
3215
3216
3217
3218
3219
3220
3221
3222
3223
3224
3225
3226
3227
3228
3229
3230
3231
3232
3233
3234
3235
3236
3237
3238
3239
3240
3241
3242
3243
3244
3245
3246
3247
3248
3249
3250
3251
3252
3253
3254
3255
3256
3257
3258
3259
3260
3261
3262
3263
3264
3265
3266
3267
3268
3269
3270
3271
3272
3273
3274
3275
3276
3277
3278
3279
3280
3281
3282
3283
3284
3285
3286
3287
3288
3289
3290
3291
3292
3293
3294
3295
3296
3297
3298
3299
3300
3301
3302
3303
3304
3305
3306
3307
3308
3309
3310
3311
3312
3313
3314
3315
3316
3317
3318
3319
3320
3321
3322
3323
3324
3325
3326
3327
3328
3329
3330
3331
3332
3333
3334
3335
3336
3337
3338
3339
3340
3341
3342
3343
3344
3345
3346
3347
3348
3349
3350
3351
3352
3353
3354
3355
3356
3357
3358
3359
3360
3361
3362
3363
3364
3365
3366
3367
3368
3369
3370
3371
3372
3373
3374
3375
3376
3377
3378
3379
3380
3381
3382
3383
3384
3385
3386
3387
3388
3389
3390
3391
3392
3393
3394
3395
3396
3397
3398
3399
3400
3401
3402
3403
3404
3405
3406
3407
3408
3409
3410
3411
3412
3413
3414
3415
3416
3417
3418
3419
3420
3421
3422
3423
3424
3425
3426
3427
3428
3429
3430
3431
3432
3433
3434
3435
3436
3437
3438
3439
3440
3441
3442
3443
3444
3445
3446
3447
3448
3449
3450
3451
3452
3453
3454
3455
3456
3457
3458
3459
3460
3461
3462
3463
3464
3465
3466
3467
3468
3469
3470
3471
3472
3473
3474
3475
3476
3477
3478
3479
3480
3481
3482
3483
3484
3485
3486
3487
3488
3489
3490
3491
3492
3493
3494
3495
3496
3497
3498
3499
3500
3501
3502
3503
3504
3505
3506
3507
3508
3509
3510
3511
3512
3513
3514
3515
3516
3517
3518
3519
3520
3521
3522
3523
3524
3525
3526
3527
3528
3529
3530
3531
3532
3533
3534
3535
3536
3537
3538
3539
3540
3541
3542
3543
3544
3545
3546
3547
3548
3549
3550
3551
3552
3553
3554
3555
3556
3557
3558
3559
3560
3561
3562
3563
3564
3565
3566
3567
3568
3569
3570
3571
3572
3573
3574
3575
3576
3577
3578
3579
3580
3581
3582
3583
3584
3585
3586
3587
3588
3589
3590
3591
3592
3593
3594
3595
3596
3597
3598
3599
3600
3601
3602
3603
3604
3605
3606
3607
3608
3609
3610
3611
3612
3613
3614
3615
3616
3617
3618
3619
3620
3621
3622
3623
3624
3625
3626
3627
3628
3629
3630
3631
3632
3633
3634
3635
3636
3637
3638
3639
3640
3641
3642
3643
3644
3645
3646
3647
3648
3649
3650
3651
3652
3653
3654
3655
3656
3657
3658
3659
3660
3661
3662
3663
3664
3665
3666
3667
3668
3669
3670
3671
3672
3673
3674
3675
3676
3677
3678
3679
3680
3681
3682
3683
3684
3685
3686
3687
3688
3689
3690
3691
3692
3693
3694
3695
3696
3697
3698
3699
3700
3701
3702
3703
3704
3705
3706
3707
3708
3709
3710
3711
3712
3713
3714
3715
3716
3717
3718
3719
3720
3721
3722
3723
3724
3725
3726
3727
3728
3729
3730
3731
3732
3733
3734
3735
3736
3737
3738
3739
3740
3741
3742
3743
3744
3745
3746
3747
3748
3749
3750
3751
3752
3753
3754
3755
3756
3757
3758
3759
3760
3761
3762
3763
3764
3765
3766
3767
3768
3769
3770
3771
3772
3773
3774
3775
3776
3777
3778
3779
3780
3781
3782
3783
3784
3785
3786
3787
3788
3789
3790
3791
3792
3793
3794
3795
3796
3797
3798
3799
3800
3801
3802
3803
3804
3805
3806
3807
3808
3809
3810
3811
3812
3813
3814
3815
3816
3817
3818
3819
3820
3821
3822
3823
3824
3825
3826
3827
3828
3829
3830
3831
3832
3833
3834
3835
3836
3837
3838
3839
3840
3841
3842
3843
3844
3845
3846
3847
3848
3849
3850
3851
3852
3853
3854
3855
3856
3857
3858
3859
3860
3861
3862
3863
3864
3865
3866
3867
3868
3869
3870
3871
3872
3873
3874
3875
3876
3877
3878
3879
3880
3881
3882
3883
3884
3885
3886
3887
3888
3889
3890
3891
3892
3893
3894
3895
3896
3897
3898
3899
3900
3901
3902
3903
3904
3905
3906
3907
3908
3909
3910
3911
3912
3913
3914
3915
3916
3917
3918
3919
3920
3921
3922
3923
3924
3925
3926
3927
3928
3929
3930
3931
3932
3933
3934
3935
3936
3937
3938
3939
3940
3941
3942
3943
3944
3945
3946
3947
3948
3949
3950
3951
3952
3953
3954
3955
3956
3957
3958
3959
3960
3961
3962
3963
3964
3965
3966
3967
3968
3969
3970
3971
3972
3973
3974
3975
3976
3977
3978
3979
3980
3981
3982
3983
3984
3985
3986
3987
3988
3989
3990
3991
3992
3993
3994
3995
3996
3997
3998
3999
4000
4001
4002
4003
4004
4005
4006
4007
4008
4009
4010
4011
4012
4013
4014
4015
4016
4017
4018
4019
4020
4021
4022
4023
4024
4025
4026
4027
4028
4029
4030
4031
4032
4033
4034
4035
4036
4037
4038
4039
4040
4041
4042
4043
4044
4045
4046
4047
4048
4049
4050
4051
4052
4053
4054
4055
4056
4057
4058
4059
4060
4061
4062
4063
4064
4065
4066
4067
4068
4069
4070
4071
4072
4073
4074
4075
4076
4077
4078
4079
4080
4081
4082
4083
4084
4085
4086
4087
4088
4089
4090
4091
4092
4093
4094
4095
4096
4097
4098
4099
4100
4101
4102
4103
4104
4105
4106
4107
4108
4109
4110
4111
4112
4113
4114
4115
4116
4117
4118
4119
4120
4121
4122
4123
4124
4125
4126
4127
4128
4129
4130
4131
4132
4133
4134
4135
4136
4137
4138
4139
4140
4141
4142
4143
4144
4145
4146
4147
4148
4149
4150
4151
4152
4153
4154
4155
4156
4157
4158
4159
4160
4161
4162
4163
4164
4165
4166
4167
4168
4169
4170
4171
4172
4173
4174
4175
4176
4177
4178
4179
4180
4181
4182
4183
4184
4185
4186
4187
4188
4189
4190
4191
4192
4193
4194
4195
4196
4197
4198
4199
4200
4201
4202
4203
4204
4205
4206
4207
4208
4209
4210
4211
4212
4213
4214
4215
4216
4217
4218
4219
4220
4221
4222
4223
4224
4225
4226
4227
4228
4229
4230
4231
4232
4233
4234
4235
4236
4237
4238
4239
4240
4241
4242
4243
4244
4245
4246
4247
4248
4249
4250
4251
4252
4253
4254
4255
4256
4257
4258
4259
4260
4261
4262
4263
4264
4265
4266
4267
4268
4269
4270
4271
4272
4273
4274
4275
4276
4277
4278
4279
4280
4281
4282
4283
4284
4285
4286
4287
4288
4289
4290
4291
4292
4293
4294
4295
4296
4297
4298
4299
4300
4301
4302
4303
4304
4305
4306
4307
4308
4309
4310
4311
4312
4313
4314
4315
4316
4317
4318
4319
4320
4321
4322
4323
4324
4325
4326
4327
4328
4329
4330
4331
4332
4333
4334
4335
4336
4337
4338
4339
4340
4341
4342
4343
4344
4345
4346
4347
4348
4349
4350
4351
4352
4353
4354
4355
4356
4357
4358
4359
4360
4361
4362
4363
4364
4365
4366
4367
4368
4369
4370
4371
4372
4373
4374
4375
4376
4377
4378
4379
4380
4381
4382
4383
4384
4385
4386
4387
4388
4389
4390
4391
4392
4393
4394
4395
4396
4397
4398
4399
4400
4401
4402
4403
4404
4405
4406
4407
4408
4409
4410
4411
4412
4413
4414
4415
4416
4417
4418
4419
4420
4421
4422
4423
4424
4425
4426
4427
4428
4429
4430
4431
4432
4433
4434
4435
4436
4437
4438
4439
4440
4441
4442
4443
4444
4445
4446
4447
4448
4449
4450
4451
4452
4453
4454
4455
4456
4457
4458
4459
4460
4461
4462
4463
4464
4465
4466
4467
4468
4469
4470
4471
4472
4473
4474
4475
4476
4477
4478
4479
4480
4481
4482
4483
4484
4485
4486
4487
4488
4489
4490
4491
4492
4493
4494
4495
4496
4497
4498
4499
4500
4501
4502
4503
4504
4505
4506
4507
4508
4509
4510
4511
4512
4513
4514
4515
4516
4517
4518
4519
4520
4521
4522
4523
4524
4525
4526
4527
4528
4529
4530
4531
4532
4533
4534
4535
4536
4537
4538
4539
4540
4541
4542
4543
4544
4545
4546
4547
4548
4549
4550
4551
4552
4553
4554
4555
4556
4557
4558
4559
4560
4561
4562
4563
4564
4565
4566
4567
4568
4569
4570
4571
4572
4573
4574
4575
4576
4577
4578
4579
4580
4581
4582
4583
4584
4585
4586
4587
4588
4589
4590
4591
4592
4593
4594
4595
4596
4597
4598
4599
4600
4601
4602
4603
4604
4605
4606
4607
4608
4609
4610
4611
4612
4613
4614
4615
4616
4617
4618
4619
4620
4621
4622
4623
4624
4625
4626
4627
4628
4629
4630
4631
4632
4633
4634
4635
4636
4637
4638
4639
4640
4641
4642
4643
4644
4645
4646
4647
4648
4649
4650
4651
4652
4653
4654
4655
4656
4657
4658
4659
4660
4661
4662
4663
4664
4665
4666
4667
4668
4669
4670
4671
4672
4673
4674
4675
4676
4677
4678
4679
4680
4681
4682
4683
4684
4685
4686
4687
4688
4689
4690
4691
4692
4693
4694
4695
4696
4697
4698
4699
4700
4701
4702
4703
4704
4705
4706
4707
4708
4709
4710
4711
4712
4713
4714
4715
4716
4717
4718
4719
4720
4721
4722
4723
4724
4725
4726
4727
4728
4729
4730
4731
4732
4733
4734
4735
4736
4737
4738
4739
4740
4741
4742
4743
4744
4745
4746
4747
4748
4749
4750
4751
4752
4753
4754
4755
4756
4757
4758
4759
4760
4761
4762
4763
4764
4765
4766
4767
4768
4769
4770
4771
4772
4773
4774
4775
4776
4777
4778
4779
4780
4781
4782
4783
4784
4785
4786
4787
4788
4789
4790
4791
4792
4793
4794
4795
4796
4797
4798
4799
4800
4801
4802
4803
4804
4805
4806
4807
4808
4809
4810
4811
4812
4813
4814
4815
4816
4817
4818
4819
4820
4821
4822
4823
4824
4825
4826
4827
4828
4829
4830
4831
4832
4833
4834
4835
4836
4837
4838
4839
4840
4841
4842
4843
4844
4845
4846
4847
4848
4849
4850
4851
4852
4853
4854
4855
4856
4857
4858
4859
4860
4861
4862
4863
4864
4865
4866
4867
4868
4869
4870
4871
4872
4873
4874
4875
4876
4877
4878
4879
4880
4881
4882
4883
4884
4885
4886
4887
4888
4889
4890
4891
4892
4893
4894
4895
4896
4897
4898
4899
4900
4901
4902
4903
4904
4905
4906
4907
4908
4909
4910
4911
4912
4913
4914
4915
4916
4917
4918
4919
4920
4921
4922
4923
4924
4925
4926
4927
4928
4929
4930
4931
4932
4933
4934
4935
4936
4937
4938
4939
4940
4941
4942
4943
4944
4945
4946
4947
4948
4949
4950
4951
4952
4953
4954
4955
4956
4957
4958
4959
4960
4961
4962
4963
4964
4965
4966
4967
4968
4969
4970
4971
4972
4973
4974
4975
4976
4977
4978
4979
4980
4981
4982
4983
4984
4985
4986
4987
4988
4989
4990
4991
4992
4993
4994
4995
4996
4997
4998
4999
5000
5001
5002
5003
5004
5005
5006
5007
5008
5009
5010
5011
5012
5013
5014
5015
5016
5017
5018
5019
5020
5021
5022
5023
5024
5025
5026
5027
5028
5029
5030
5031
5032
5033
5034
5035
5036
5037
5038
5039
5040
5041
5042
5043
5044
5045
5046
5047
5048
5049
5050
5051
5052
5053
5054
5055
5056
5057
5058
5059
5060
5061
5062
5063
5064
5065
5066
5067
5068
5069
5070
5071
5072
5073
5074
5075
5076
5077
5078
5079
5080
5081
5082
5083
5084
5085
5086
5087
5088
5089
5090
5091
5092
5093
5094
5095
5096
5097
5098
5099
5100
5101
5102
5103
5104
5105
5106
5107
5108
5109
5110
5111
5112
5113
5114
5115
5116
5117
5118
5119
5120
5121
5122
5123
5124
5125
5126
5127
5128
5129
5130
5131
5132
5133
5134
5135
5136
5137
5138
5139
5140
5141
5142
5143
5144
5145
5146
5147
5148
5149
5150
5151
5152
5153
5154
5155
5156
5157
5158
5159
5160
5161
5162
5163
5164
5165
5166
5167
5168
5169
5170
5171
5172
5173
5174
5175
5176
5177
5178
5179
5180
5181
5182
5183
5184
5185
5186
5187
5188
5189
5190
5191
5192
5193
5194
5195
5196
5197
5198
5199
5200
5201
5202
5203
5204
5205
5206
5207
5208
5209
5210
5211
5212
5213
5214
5215
5216
5217
5218
5219
5220
5221
5222
5223
5224
5225
5226
5227
5228
5229
5230
5231
5232
5233
5234
5235
5236
5237
5238
5239
5240
5241
5242
5243
5244
5245
5246
5247
5248
5249
5250
5251
5252
5253
5254
5255
5256
5257
5258
5259
5260
5261
5262
5263
5264
5265
5266
5267
5268
5269
5270
5271
5272
5273
5274
5275
5276
5277
5278
5279
5280
5281
5282
5283
5284
5285
5286
5287
5288
5289
5290
5291
5292
5293
5294
5295
5296
5297
5298
5299
5300
5301
5302
5303
5304
5305
5306
5307
5308
5309
5310
5311
5312
5313
5314
5315
5316
5317
5318
5319
5320
5321
5322
5323
5324
5325
5326
5327
5328
5329
5330
5331
5332
5333
5334
5335
5336
5337
5338
5339
5340
5341
5342
5343
5344
5345
5346
5347
5348
5349
5350
5351
5352
5353
5354
5355
5356
5357
5358
5359
5360
5361
5362
5363
5364
5365
5366
5367
5368
5369
5370
5371
5372
5373
5374
5375
5376
5377
5378
5379
5380
5381
5382
5383
5384
5385
5386
5387
5388
5389
5390
5391
5392
5393
5394
5395
5396
5397
5398
5399
5400
5401
5402
5403
5404
5405
5406
5407
5408
5409
5410
5411
5412
5413
5414
5415
5416
5417
5418
5419
5420
5421
5422
5423
5424
5425
5426
5427
5428
5429
5430
5431
5432
5433
5434
5435
5436
5437
5438
5439
5440
5441
5442
5443
5444
5445
5446
5447
5448
5449
5450
5451
5452
5453
5454
5455
5456
5457
5458
5459
5460
5461
5462
5463
5464
5465
5466
5467
5468
5469
5470
5471
5472
5473
5474
5475
5476
5477
5478
5479
5480
5481
5482
5483
5484
5485
5486
5487
5488
5489
5490
5491
5492
5493
5494
5495
5496
5497
5498
5499
5500
5501
5502
5503
5504
5505
5506
5507
5508
5509
5510
5511
5512
5513
5514
5515
5516
5517
5518
5519
5520
5521
5522
5523
5524
5525
5526
5527
5528
5529
5530
5531
5532
5533
5534
5535
5536
5537
5538
5539
5540
5541
5542
5543
5544
5545
5546
5547
5548
5549
5550
5551
5552
5553
5554
5555
5556
5557
5558
5559
5560
5561
5562
5563
5564
5565
5566
//! A cross-platform graphics and compute library based on [WebGPU](https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/).
//!
//! To start using the API, create an [`Instance`].
//!
//! ## Feature flags
#![doc = document_features::document_features!()]
//!
//! ### Feature Aliases
//!
//! These features aren't actually features on the crate itself, but a convenient shorthand for
//! complicated cases.
//!
//! - **`wgpu_core`** --- Enabled when there is any non-webgpu backend enabled on the platform.
//! - **`naga`** ---- Enabled when any non-wgsl shader input is enabled.
//!

#![cfg_attr(docsrs, feature(doc_cfg, doc_auto_cfg))]
#![doc(html_logo_url = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/gfx-rs/wgpu/trunk/logo.png")]
#![warn(missing_docs, rust_2018_idioms, unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn)]

mod backend;
mod context;
pub mod util;
#[macro_use]
mod macros;

use std::{
    any::Any,
    borrow::Cow,
    cmp::Ordering,
    collections::HashMap,
    error, fmt,
    future::Future,
    marker::PhantomData,
    num::{NonZeroU32, NonZeroU64},
    ops::{Bound, Deref, DerefMut, Range, RangeBounds},
    sync::Arc,
    thread,
};

#[allow(unused_imports)] // Unused if all backends are disabled.
use context::Context;

use context::{DeviceRequest, DynContext, ObjectId};
use parking_lot::Mutex;

use raw_window_handle::{HasDisplayHandle, HasWindowHandle};
pub use wgt::{
    AdapterInfo, AddressMode, AstcBlock, AstcChannel, Backend, Backends, BindGroupLayoutEntry,
    BindingType, BlendComponent, BlendFactor, BlendOperation, BlendState, BufferAddress,
    BufferBindingType, BufferSize, BufferUsages, Color, ColorTargetState, ColorWrites,
    CommandBufferDescriptor, CompareFunction, CompositeAlphaMode, DepthBiasState,
    DepthStencilState, DeviceLostReason, DeviceType, DownlevelCapabilities, DownlevelFlags,
    Dx12Compiler, DynamicOffset, Extent3d, Face, Features, FilterMode, FrontFace,
    Gles3MinorVersion, ImageDataLayout, ImageSubresourceRange, IndexFormat, InstanceDescriptor,
    InstanceFlags, Limits, MaintainResult, MultisampleState, Origin2d, Origin3d,
    PipelineStatisticsTypes, PolygonMode, PowerPreference, PredefinedColorSpace, PresentMode,
    PresentationTimestamp, PrimitiveState, PrimitiveTopology, PushConstantRange, QueryType,
    RenderBundleDepthStencil, SamplerBindingType, SamplerBorderColor, ShaderLocation, ShaderModel,
    ShaderStages, StencilFaceState, StencilOperation, StencilState, StorageTextureAccess,
    SurfaceCapabilities, SurfaceStatus, TextureAspect, TextureDimension, TextureFormat,
    TextureFormatFeatureFlags, TextureFormatFeatures, TextureSampleType, TextureUsages,
    TextureViewDimension, VertexAttribute, VertexFormat, VertexStepMode, WasmNotSend,
    WasmNotSendSync, WasmNotSync, COPY_BUFFER_ALIGNMENT, COPY_BYTES_PER_ROW_ALIGNMENT,
    MAP_ALIGNMENT, PUSH_CONSTANT_ALIGNMENT, QUERY_RESOLVE_BUFFER_ALIGNMENT, QUERY_SET_MAX_QUERIES,
    QUERY_SIZE, VERTEX_STRIDE_ALIGNMENT,
};

/// Re-export of our `wgpu-core` dependency.
///
#[cfg(wgpu_core)]
pub use ::wgc as core;

/// Re-export of our `wgpu-hal` dependency.
///
///
#[cfg(wgpu_core)]
pub use ::hal;

/// Re-export of our `naga` dependency.
///
#[cfg(wgpu_core)]
#[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(any(wgpu_core, naga))))]
// We re-export wgpu-core's re-export of naga, as we may not have direct access to it.
pub use ::wgc::naga;
/// Re-export of our `naga` dependency.
///
#[cfg(all(not(wgpu_core), naga))]
#[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(any(wgpu_core, naga))))]
// If that's not available, we re-export our own.
pub use naga;

/// Re-export of our `raw-window-handle` dependency.
///
pub use raw_window_handle as rwh;

/// Re-export of our `web-sys` dependency.
///
#[cfg(any(webgl, webgpu))]
pub use web_sys;

// wasm-only types, we try to keep as many types non-platform
// specific, but these need to depend on web-sys.
#[cfg(any(webgpu, webgl))]
pub use wgt::{ExternalImageSource, ImageCopyExternalImage};

/// Filter for error scopes.
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Eq, PartialEq, PartialOrd)]
pub enum ErrorFilter {
    /// Catch only out-of-memory errors.
    OutOfMemory,
    /// Catch only validation errors.
    Validation,
    /// Catch only internal errors.
    Internal,
}
static_assertions::assert_impl_all!(ErrorFilter: Send, Sync);

type C = dyn DynContext;
#[cfg(send_sync)]
type Data = dyn Any + Send + Sync;
#[cfg(not(send_sync))]
type Data = dyn Any;

/// Context for all other wgpu objects. Instance of wgpu.
///
/// This is the first thing you create when using wgpu.
/// Its primary use is to create [`Adapter`]s and [`Surface`]s.
///
/// Does not have to be kept alive.
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPU`](https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#gpu-interface).
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct Instance {
    context: Arc<C>,
}
#[cfg(send_sync)]
static_assertions::assert_impl_all!(Instance: Send, Sync);

/// Handle to a physical graphics and/or compute device.
///
/// Adapters can be used to open a connection to the corresponding [`Device`]
/// on the host system by using [`Adapter::request_device`].
///
/// Does not have to be kept alive.
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUAdapter`](https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#gpu-adapter).
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct Adapter {
    context: Arc<C>,
    id: ObjectId,
    data: Box<Data>,
}
#[cfg(send_sync)]
static_assertions::assert_impl_all!(Adapter: Send, Sync);

impl Drop for Adapter {
    fn drop(&mut self) {
        if !thread::panicking() {
            self.context.adapter_drop(&self.id, self.data.as_ref())
        }
    }
}

/// Open connection to a graphics and/or compute device.
///
/// Responsible for the creation of most rendering and compute resources.
/// These are then used in commands, which are submitted to a [`Queue`].
///
/// A device may be requested from an adapter with [`Adapter::request_device`].
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUDevice`](https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#gpu-device).
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct Device {
    context: Arc<C>,
    id: ObjectId,
    data: Box<Data>,
}
#[cfg(send_sync)]
static_assertions::assert_impl_all!(Device: Send, Sync);

/// Identifier for a particular call to [`Queue::submit`]. Can be used
/// as part of an argument to [`Device::poll`] to block for a particular
/// submission to finish.
///
/// This type is unique to the Rust API of `wgpu`.
/// There is no analogue in the WebGPU specification.
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct SubmissionIndex(ObjectId, Arc<crate::Data>);
#[cfg(send_sync)]
static_assertions::assert_impl_all!(SubmissionIndex: Send, Sync);

/// The mapped portion of a buffer, if any, and its outstanding views.
///
/// This ensures that views fall within the mapped range and don't overlap, and
/// also takes care of turning `Option<BufferSize>` sizes into actual buffer
/// offsets.
#[derive(Debug)]
struct MapContext {
    /// The overall size of the buffer.
    ///
    /// This is just a convenient copy of [`Buffer::size`].
    total_size: BufferAddress,

    /// The range of the buffer that is mapped.
    ///
    /// This is `0..0` if the buffer is not mapped. This becomes non-empty when
    /// the buffer is mapped at creation time, and when you call `map_async` on
    /// some [`BufferSlice`] (so technically, it indicates the portion that is
    /// *or has been requested to be* mapped.)
    ///
    /// All [`BufferView`]s and [`BufferViewMut`]s must fall within this range.
    initial_range: Range<BufferAddress>,

    /// The ranges covered by all outstanding [`BufferView`]s and
    /// [`BufferViewMut`]s. These are non-overlapping, and are all contained
    /// within `initial_range`.
    sub_ranges: Vec<Range<BufferAddress>>,
}

impl MapContext {
    fn new(total_size: BufferAddress) -> Self {
        Self {
            total_size,
            initial_range: 0..0,
            sub_ranges: Vec::new(),
        }
    }

    /// Record that the buffer is no longer mapped.
    fn reset(&mut self) {
        self.initial_range = 0..0;

        assert!(
            self.sub_ranges.is_empty(),
            "You cannot unmap a buffer that still has accessible mapped views"
        );
    }

    /// Record that the `size` bytes of the buffer at `offset` are now viewed.
    ///
    /// Return the byte offset within the buffer of the end of the viewed range.
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// This panics if the given range overlaps with any existing range.
    fn add(&mut self, offset: BufferAddress, size: Option<BufferSize>) -> BufferAddress {
        let end = match size {
            Some(s) => offset + s.get(),
            None => self.initial_range.end,
        };
        assert!(self.initial_range.start <= offset && end <= self.initial_range.end);
        // This check is essential for avoiding undefined behavior: it is the
        // only thing that ensures that `&mut` references to the buffer's
        // contents don't alias anything else.
        for sub in self.sub_ranges.iter() {
            assert!(
                end <= sub.start || offset >= sub.end,
                "Intersecting map range with {sub:?}"
            );
        }
        self.sub_ranges.push(offset..end);
        end
    }

    /// Record that the `size` bytes of the buffer at `offset` are no longer viewed.
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// This panics if the given range does not exactly match one previously
    /// passed to [`add`].
    ///
    /// [`add]`: MapContext::add
    fn remove(&mut self, offset: BufferAddress, size: Option<BufferSize>) {
        let end = match size {
            Some(s) => offset + s.get(),
            None => self.initial_range.end,
        };

        let index = self
            .sub_ranges
            .iter()
            .position(|r| *r == (offset..end))
            .expect("unable to remove range from map context");
        self.sub_ranges.swap_remove(index);
    }
}

/// Handle to a GPU-accessible buffer.
///
/// Created with [`Device::create_buffer`] or
/// [`DeviceExt::create_buffer_init`](util::DeviceExt::create_buffer_init).
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUBuffer`](https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#buffer-interface).
///
/// # Mapping buffers
///
/// If a `Buffer` is created with the appropriate [`usage`], it can be *mapped*:
/// you can make its contents accessible to the CPU as an ordinary `&[u8]` or
/// `&mut [u8]` slice of bytes. Buffers created with the
/// [`mapped_at_creation`][mac] flag set are also mapped initially.
///
/// Depending on the hardware, the buffer could be memory shared between CPU and
/// GPU, so that the CPU has direct access to the same bytes the GPU will
/// consult; or it may be ordinary CPU memory, whose contents the system must
/// copy to/from the GPU as needed. This crate's API is designed to work the
/// same way in either case: at any given time, a buffer is either mapped and
/// available to the CPU, or unmapped and ready for use by the GPU, but never
/// both. This makes it impossible for either side to observe changes by the
/// other immediately, and any necessary transfers can be carried out when the
/// buffer transitions from one state to the other.
///
/// There are two ways to map a buffer:
///
/// - If [`BufferDescriptor::mapped_at_creation`] is `true`, then the entire
///   buffer is mapped when it is created. This is the easiest way to initialize
///   a new buffer. You can set `mapped_at_creation` on any kind of buffer,
///   regardless of its [`usage`] flags.
///
/// - If the buffer's [`usage`] includes the [`MAP_READ`] or [`MAP_WRITE`]
///   flags, then you can call `buffer.slice(range).map_async(mode, callback)`
///   to map the portion of `buffer` given by `range`. This waits for the GPU to
///   finish using the buffer, and invokes `callback` as soon as the buffer is
///   safe for the CPU to access.
///
/// Once a buffer is mapped:
///
/// - You can call `buffer.slice(range).get_mapped_range()` to obtain a
///   [`BufferView`], which dereferences to a `&[u8]` that you can use to read
///   the buffer's contents.
///
/// - Or, you can call `buffer.slice(range).get_mapped_range_mut()` to obtain a
///   [`BufferViewMut`], which dereferences to a `&mut [u8]` that you can use to
///   read and write the buffer's contents.
///
/// The given `range` must fall within the mapped portion of the buffer. If you
/// attempt to access overlapping ranges, even for shared access only, these
/// methods panic.
///
/// For example:
///
/// ```no_run
/// # let buffer: wgpu::Buffer = todo!();
/// let slice = buffer.slice(10..20);
/// slice.map_async(wgpu::MapMode::Read, |result| {
///     match result {
///         Ok(()) => {
///             let view = slice.get_mapped_range();
///             // read data from `view`, which dereferences to `&[u8]`
///         }
///         Err(e) => {
///             // handle mapping error
///         }
///     }
/// });
/// ```
///
/// This example calls `Buffer::slice` to obtain a [`BufferSlice`] referring to
/// the second ten bytes of `buffer`. (To obtain access to the entire buffer,
/// you could call `buffer.slice(..)`.) The code then calls `map_async` to wait
/// for the buffer to be available, and finally calls `get_mapped_range` on the
/// slice to actually get at the bytes.
///
/// If using `map_async` directly is awkward, you may find it more convenient to
/// use [`Queue::write_buffer`] and [`util::DownloadBuffer::read_buffer`].
/// However, those each have their own tradeoffs; the asynchronous nature of GPU
/// execution makes it hard to avoid friction altogether.
///
/// While a buffer is mapped, you must not submit any commands to the GPU that
/// access it. You may record command buffers that use the buffer, but you must
/// not submit such command buffers.
///
/// When you are done using the buffer on the CPU, you must call
/// [`Buffer::unmap`] to make it available for use by the GPU again. All
/// [`BufferView`] and [`BufferViewMut`] views referring to the buffer must be
/// dropped before you unmap it; otherwise, [`Buffer::unmap`] will panic.
///
/// ## Mapping buffers on the web
///
/// When compiled to WebAssembly and running in a browser content process,
/// `wgpu` implements its API in terms of the browser's WebGPU implementation.
/// In this context, `wgpu` is further isolated from the GPU:
///
/// - Depending on the browser's WebGPU implementation, mapping and unmapping
///   buffers probably entails copies between WebAssembly linear memory and the
///   graphics driver's buffers.
///
/// - All modern web browsers isolate web content in its own sandboxed process,
///   which can only interact with the GPU via interprocess communication (IPC).
///   Although most browsers' IPC systems use shared memory for large data
///   transfers, there will still probably need to be copies into and out of the
///   shared memory buffers.
///
/// All of these copies contribute to the cost of buffer mapping in this
/// configuration.
///
/// [`usage`]: BufferDescriptor::usage
/// [mac]: BufferDescriptor::mapped_at_creation
/// [`MAP_READ`]: BufferUsages::MAP_READ
/// [`MAP_WRITE`]: BufferUsages::MAP_WRITE
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct Buffer {
    context: Arc<C>,
    id: ObjectId,
    data: Box<Data>,
    map_context: Mutex<MapContext>,
    size: wgt::BufferAddress,
    usage: BufferUsages,
    // Todo: missing map_state https://www.w3.org/TR/webgpu/#dom-gpubuffer-mapstate
}
#[cfg(send_sync)]
static_assertions::assert_impl_all!(Buffer: Send, Sync);

/// A slice of a [`Buffer`], to be mapped, used for vertex or index data, or the like.
///
/// You can create a `BufferSlice` by calling [`Buffer::slice`]:
///
/// ```no_run
/// # let buffer: wgpu::Buffer = todo!();
/// let slice = buffer.slice(10..20);
/// ```
///
/// This returns a slice referring to the second ten bytes of `buffer`. To get a
/// slice of the entire `Buffer`:
///
/// ```no_run
/// # let buffer: wgpu::Buffer = todo!();
/// let whole_buffer_slice = buffer.slice(..);
/// ```
///
/// A [`BufferSlice`] is nothing more than a reference to the `Buffer` and a
/// starting and ending position. To access the slice's contents on the CPU, you
/// must first [map] the buffer, and then call [`BufferSlice::get_mapped_range`]
/// or [`BufferSlice::get_mapped_range_mut`] to obtain a view of the slice's
/// contents, which dereferences to a `&[u8]` or `&mut [u8]`.
///
/// You can also pass buffer slices to methods like
/// [`RenderPass::set_vertex_buffer`] and [`RenderPass::set_index_buffer`] to
/// indicate which data a draw call should consume.
///
/// The `BufferSlice` type is unique to the Rust API of `wgpu`. In the WebGPU
/// specification, an offset and size are specified as arguments to each call
/// working with the [`Buffer`], instead.
///
/// [map]: Buffer#mapping-buffers
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
pub struct BufferSlice<'a> {
    buffer: &'a Buffer,
    offset: BufferAddress,
    size: Option<BufferSize>,
}
#[cfg(send_sync)]
static_assertions::assert_impl_all!(BufferSlice<'_>: Send, Sync);

/// Handle to a texture on the GPU.
///
/// It can be created with [`Device::create_texture`].
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUTexture`](https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#texture-interface).
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct Texture {
    context: Arc<C>,
    id: ObjectId,
    data: Box<Data>,
    owned: bool,
    descriptor: TextureDescriptor<'static>,
}
#[cfg(send_sync)]
static_assertions::assert_impl_all!(Texture: Send, Sync);

/// Handle to a texture view.
///
/// A `TextureView` object describes a texture and associated metadata needed by a
/// [`RenderPipeline`] or [`BindGroup`].
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUTextureView`](https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#gputextureview).
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct TextureView {
    context: Arc<C>,
    id: ObjectId,
    data: Box<Data>,
}
#[cfg(send_sync)]
static_assertions::assert_impl_all!(TextureView: Send, Sync);

/// Handle to a sampler.
///
/// A `Sampler` object defines how a pipeline will sample from a [`TextureView`]. Samplers define
/// image filters (including anisotropy) and address (wrapping) modes, among other things. See
/// the documentation for [`SamplerDescriptor`] for more information.
///
/// It can be created with [`Device::create_sampler`].
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUSampler`](https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#sampler-interface).
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct Sampler {
    context: Arc<C>,
    id: ObjectId,
    data: Box<Data>,
}
#[cfg(send_sync)]
static_assertions::assert_impl_all!(Sampler: Send, Sync);

impl Drop for Sampler {
    fn drop(&mut self) {
        if !thread::panicking() {
            self.context.sampler_drop(&self.id, self.data.as_ref());
        }
    }
}

/// Describes a [`Surface`].
///
/// For use with [`Surface::configure`].
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUCanvasConfiguration`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#canvas-configuration).
pub type SurfaceConfiguration = wgt::SurfaceConfiguration<Vec<TextureFormat>>;
static_assertions::assert_impl_all!(SurfaceConfiguration: Send, Sync);

/// Handle to a presentable surface.
///
/// A `Surface` represents a platform-specific surface (e.g. a window) onto which rendered images may
/// be presented. A `Surface` may be created with the function [`Instance::create_surface`].
///
/// This type is unique to the Rust API of `wgpu`. In the WebGPU specification,
/// [`GPUCanvasContext`](https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#canvas-context)
/// serves a similar role.
pub struct Surface<'window> {
    context: Arc<C>,

    /// Optionally, keep the source of the handle used for the surface alive.
    ///
    /// This is useful for platforms where the surface is created from a window and the surface
    /// would become invalid when the window is dropped.
    _handle_source: Option<Box<dyn WindowHandle + 'window>>,

    /// Wgpu-core surface id.
    id: ObjectId,

    /// Additional surface data returned by [`DynContext::instance_create_surface`].
    surface_data: Box<Data>,

    // Stores the latest `SurfaceConfiguration` that was set using `Surface::configure`.
    // It is required to set the attributes of the `SurfaceTexture` in the
    // `Surface::get_current_texture` method.
    // Because the `Surface::configure` method operates on an immutable reference this type has to
    // be wrapped in a mutex and since the configuration is only supplied after the surface has
    // been created is is additionally wrapped in an option.
    config: Mutex<Option<SurfaceConfiguration>>,
}

// This custom implementation is required because [`Surface::_surface`] doesn't
// require [`Debug`](fmt::Debug), which we should not require from the user.
impl<'window> fmt::Debug for Surface<'window> {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        f.debug_struct("Surface")
            .field("context", &self.context)
            .field(
                "_handle_source",
                &if self._handle_source.is_some() {
                    "Some"
                } else {
                    "None"
                },
            )
            .field("id", &self.id)
            .field("data", &self.surface_data)
            .field("config", &self.config)
            .finish()
    }
}

#[cfg(send_sync)]
static_assertions::assert_impl_all!(Surface<'_>: Send, Sync);

impl Drop for Surface<'_> {
    fn drop(&mut self) {
        if !thread::panicking() {
            self.context
                .surface_drop(&self.id, self.surface_data.as_ref())
        }
    }
}

/// Super trait for window handles as used in [`SurfaceTarget`].
pub trait WindowHandle: HasWindowHandle + HasDisplayHandle + WasmNotSendSync {}

impl<T> WindowHandle for T where T: HasWindowHandle + HasDisplayHandle + WasmNotSendSync {}

/// The window/canvas/surface/swap-chain/etc. a surface is attached to, for use with safe surface creation.
///
/// This is either a window or an actual web canvas depending on the platform and
/// enabled features.
/// Refer to the individual variants for more information.
///
/// See also [`SurfaceTargetUnsafe`] for unsafe variants.
#[non_exhaustive]
pub enum SurfaceTarget<'window> {
    /// Window handle producer.
    ///
    /// If the specified display and window handle are not supported by any of the backends, then the surface
    /// will not be supported by any adapters.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// - On WebGL2: surface creation returns an error if the browser does not support WebGL2,
    ///   or declines to provide GPU access (such as due to a resource shortage).
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// - On macOS/Metal: will panic if not called on the main thread.
    /// - On web: will panic if the `raw_window_handle` does not properly refer to a
    ///   canvas element.
    Window(Box<dyn WindowHandle + 'window>),

    /// Surface from a `web_sys::HtmlCanvasElement`.
    ///
    /// The `canvas` argument must be a valid `<canvas>` element to
    /// create a surface upon.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// - On WebGL2: surface creation will return an error if the browser does not support WebGL2,
    ///   or declines to provide GPU access (such as due to a resource shortage).
    #[cfg(any(webgpu, webgl))]
    Canvas(web_sys::HtmlCanvasElement),

    /// Surface from a `web_sys::OffscreenCanvas`.
    ///
    /// The `canvas` argument must be a valid `OffscreenCanvas` object
    /// to create a surface upon.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// - On WebGL2: surface creation will return an error if the browser does not support WebGL2,
    ///   or declines to provide GPU access (such as due to a resource shortage).
    #[cfg(any(webgpu, webgl))]
    OffscreenCanvas(web_sys::OffscreenCanvas),
}

impl<'a, T> From<T> for SurfaceTarget<'a>
where
    T: WindowHandle + 'a,
{
    fn from(window: T) -> Self {
        Self::Window(Box::new(window))
    }
}

/// The window/canvas/surface/swap-chain/etc. a surface is attached to, for use with unsafe surface creation.
///
/// This is either a window or an actual web canvas depending on the platform and
/// enabled features.
/// Refer to the individual variants for more information.
///
/// See also [`SurfaceTarget`] for safe variants.
#[non_exhaustive]
pub enum SurfaceTargetUnsafe {
    /// Raw window & display handle.
    ///
    /// If the specified display and window handle are not supported by any of the backends, then the surface
    /// will not be supported by any adapters.
    ///
    /// # Safety
    ///
    /// - `raw_window_handle` & `raw_display_handle` must be valid objects to create a surface upon.
    /// - `raw_window_handle` & `raw_display_handle` must remain valid until after the returned
    ///    [`Surface`] is  dropped.
    RawHandle {
        /// Raw display handle, underlying display must outlive the surface created from this.
        raw_display_handle: raw_window_handle::RawDisplayHandle,

        /// Raw display handle, underlying window must outlive the surface created from this.
        raw_window_handle: raw_window_handle::RawWindowHandle,
    },

    /// Surface from `CoreAnimationLayer`.
    ///
    /// # Safety
    ///
    /// - layer must be a valid object to create a surface upon.
    #[cfg(metal)]
    CoreAnimationLayer(*mut std::ffi::c_void),

    /// Surface from `IDCompositionVisual`.
    ///
    /// # Safety
    ///
    /// - visual must be a valid IDCompositionVisual to create a surface upon.
    #[cfg(dx12)]
    CompositionVisual(*mut std::ffi::c_void),

    /// Surface from DX12 `SurfaceHandle`.
    ///
    /// # Safety
    ///
    /// - surface_handle must be a valid SurfaceHandle to create a surface upon.
    #[cfg(dx12)]
    SurfaceHandle(*mut std::ffi::c_void),

    /// Surface from DX12 `SwapChainPanel`.
    ///
    /// # Safety
    ///
    /// - visual must be a valid SwapChainPanel to create a surface upon.
    #[cfg(dx12)]
    SwapChainPanel(*mut std::ffi::c_void),
}

impl SurfaceTargetUnsafe {
    /// Creates a [`SurfaceTargetUnsafe::RawHandle`] from a window.
    ///
    /// # Safety
    ///
    /// - `window` must outlive the resulting surface target
    ///   (and subsequently the surface created for this target).
    pub unsafe fn from_window<T>(window: &T) -> Result<Self, raw_window_handle::HandleError>
    where
        T: HasDisplayHandle + HasWindowHandle,
    {
        Ok(Self::RawHandle {
            raw_display_handle: window.display_handle()?.as_raw(),
            raw_window_handle: window.window_handle()?.as_raw(),
        })
    }
}

/// Handle to a binding group layout.
///
/// A `BindGroupLayout` is a handle to the GPU-side layout of a binding group. It can be used to
/// create a [`BindGroupDescriptor`] object, which in turn can be used to create a [`BindGroup`]
/// object with [`Device::create_bind_group`]. A series of `BindGroupLayout`s can also be used to
/// create a [`PipelineLayoutDescriptor`], which can be used to create a [`PipelineLayout`].
///
/// It can be created with [`Device::create_bind_group_layout`].
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUBindGroupLayout`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#gpubindgrouplayout).
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct BindGroupLayout {
    context: Arc<C>,
    id: ObjectId,
    data: Box<Data>,
}
#[cfg(send_sync)]
static_assertions::assert_impl_all!(BindGroupLayout: Send, Sync);

impl Drop for BindGroupLayout {
    fn drop(&mut self) {
        if !thread::panicking() {
            self.context
                .bind_group_layout_drop(&self.id, self.data.as_ref());
        }
    }
}

/// Handle to a binding group.
///
/// A `BindGroup` represents the set of resources bound to the bindings described by a
/// [`BindGroupLayout`]. It can be created with [`Device::create_bind_group`]. A `BindGroup` can
/// be bound to a particular [`RenderPass`] with [`RenderPass::set_bind_group`], or to a
/// [`ComputePass`] with [`ComputePass::set_bind_group`].
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUBindGroup`](https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#gpubindgroup).
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct BindGroup {
    context: Arc<C>,
    id: ObjectId,
    data: Box<Data>,
}
#[cfg(send_sync)]
static_assertions::assert_impl_all!(BindGroup: Send, Sync);

impl Drop for BindGroup {
    fn drop(&mut self) {
        if !thread::panicking() {
            self.context.bind_group_drop(&self.id, self.data.as_ref());
        }
    }
}

/// Handle to a compiled shader module.
///
/// A `ShaderModule` represents a compiled shader module on the GPU. It can be created by passing
/// source code to [`Device::create_shader_module`] or valid SPIR-V binary to
/// [`Device::create_shader_module_spirv`]. Shader modules are used to define programmable stages
/// of a pipeline.
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUShaderModule`](https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#shader-module).
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct ShaderModule {
    context: Arc<C>,
    id: ObjectId,
    data: Box<Data>,
}
#[cfg(send_sync)]
static_assertions::assert_impl_all!(ShaderModule: Send, Sync);

impl Drop for ShaderModule {
    fn drop(&mut self) {
        if !thread::panicking() {
            self.context
                .shader_module_drop(&self.id, self.data.as_ref());
        }
    }
}

/// Source of a shader module.
///
/// The source will be parsed and validated.
///
/// Any necessary shader translation (e.g. from WGSL to SPIR-V or vice versa)
/// will be done internally by wgpu.
///
/// This type is unique to the Rust API of `wgpu`. In the WebGPU specification,
/// only WGSL source code strings are accepted.
#[cfg_attr(feature = "naga-ir", allow(clippy::large_enum_variant))]
#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
#[non_exhaustive]
pub enum ShaderSource<'a> {
    /// SPIR-V module represented as a slice of words.
    ///
    /// See also: [`util::make_spirv`], [`include_spirv`]
    #[cfg(feature = "spirv")]
    SpirV(Cow<'a, [u32]>),
    /// GLSL module as a string slice.
    ///
    /// Note: GLSL is not yet fully supported and must be a specific ShaderStage.
    #[cfg(feature = "glsl")]
    Glsl {
        /// The source code of the shader.
        shader: Cow<'a, str>,
        /// The shader stage that the shader targets. For example, `naga::ShaderStage::Vertex`
        stage: naga::ShaderStage,
        /// Defines to unlock configured shader features.
        defines: naga::FastHashMap<String, String>,
    },
    /// WGSL module as a string slice.
    #[cfg(feature = "wgsl")]
    Wgsl(Cow<'a, str>),
    /// Naga module.
    #[cfg(feature = "naga-ir")]
    Naga(Cow<'static, naga::Module>),
    /// Dummy variant because `Naga` doesn't have a lifetime and without enough active features it
    /// could be the last one active.
    #[doc(hidden)]
    Dummy(PhantomData<&'a ()>),
}
static_assertions::assert_impl_all!(ShaderSource<'_>: Send, Sync);

/// Descriptor for use with [`Device::create_shader_module`].
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUShaderModuleDescriptor`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#dictdef-gpushadermoduledescriptor).
#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
pub struct ShaderModuleDescriptor<'a> {
    /// Debug label of the shader module. This will show up in graphics debuggers for easy identification.
    pub label: Label<'a>,
    /// Source code for the shader.
    pub source: ShaderSource<'a>,
}
static_assertions::assert_impl_all!(ShaderModuleDescriptor<'_>: Send, Sync);

/// Descriptor for a shader module given by SPIR-V binary, for use with
/// [`Device::create_shader_module_spirv`].
///
/// This type is unique to the Rust API of `wgpu`. In the WebGPU specification,
/// only WGSL source code strings are accepted.
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct ShaderModuleDescriptorSpirV<'a> {
    /// Debug label of the shader module. This will show up in graphics debuggers for easy identification.
    pub label: Label<'a>,
    /// Binary SPIR-V data, in 4-byte words.
    pub source: Cow<'a, [u32]>,
}
static_assertions::assert_impl_all!(ShaderModuleDescriptorSpirV<'_>: Send, Sync);

/// Handle to a pipeline layout.
///
/// A `PipelineLayout` object describes the available binding groups of a pipeline.
/// It can be created with [`Device::create_pipeline_layout`].
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUPipelineLayout`](https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#gpupipelinelayout).
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct PipelineLayout {
    context: Arc<C>,
    id: ObjectId,
    data: Box<Data>,
}
#[cfg(send_sync)]
static_assertions::assert_impl_all!(PipelineLayout: Send, Sync);

impl Drop for PipelineLayout {
    fn drop(&mut self) {
        if !thread::panicking() {
            self.context
                .pipeline_layout_drop(&self.id, self.data.as_ref());
        }
    }
}

/// Handle to a rendering (graphics) pipeline.
///
/// A `RenderPipeline` object represents a graphics pipeline and its stages, bindings, vertex
/// buffers and targets. It can be created with [`Device::create_render_pipeline`].
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPURenderPipeline`](https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#render-pipeline).
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct RenderPipeline {
    context: Arc<C>,
    id: ObjectId,
    data: Box<Data>,
}
#[cfg(send_sync)]
static_assertions::assert_impl_all!(RenderPipeline: Send, Sync);

impl Drop for RenderPipeline {
    fn drop(&mut self) {
        if !thread::panicking() {
            self.context
                .render_pipeline_drop(&self.id, self.data.as_ref());
        }
    }
}

impl RenderPipeline {
    /// Get an object representing the bind group layout at a given index.
    pub fn get_bind_group_layout(&self, index: u32) -> BindGroupLayout {
        let context = Arc::clone(&self.context);
        let (id, data) =
            self.context
                .render_pipeline_get_bind_group_layout(&self.id, self.data.as_ref(), index);
        BindGroupLayout { context, id, data }
    }
}

/// Handle to a compute pipeline.
///
/// A `ComputePipeline` object represents a compute pipeline and its single shader stage.
/// It can be created with [`Device::create_compute_pipeline`].
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUComputePipeline`](https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#compute-pipeline).
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct ComputePipeline {
    context: Arc<C>,
    id: ObjectId,
    data: Box<Data>,
}
#[cfg(send_sync)]
static_assertions::assert_impl_all!(ComputePipeline: Send, Sync);

impl Drop for ComputePipeline {
    fn drop(&mut self) {
        if !thread::panicking() {
            self.context
                .compute_pipeline_drop(&self.id, self.data.as_ref());
        }
    }
}

impl ComputePipeline {
    /// Get an object representing the bind group layout at a given index.
    pub fn get_bind_group_layout(&self, index: u32) -> BindGroupLayout {
        let context = Arc::clone(&self.context);
        let (id, data) = self.context.compute_pipeline_get_bind_group_layout(
            &self.id,
            self.data.as_ref(),
            index,
        );
        BindGroupLayout { context, id, data }
    }
}

/// Handle to a command buffer on the GPU.
///
/// A `CommandBuffer` represents a complete sequence of commands that may be submitted to a command
/// queue with [`Queue::submit`]. A `CommandBuffer` is obtained by recording a series of commands to
/// a [`CommandEncoder`] and then calling [`CommandEncoder::finish`].
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUCommandBuffer`](https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#command-buffer).
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct CommandBuffer {
    context: Arc<C>,
    id: Option<ObjectId>,
    data: Option<Box<Data>>,
}
#[cfg(send_sync)]
static_assertions::assert_impl_all!(CommandBuffer: Send, Sync);

impl Drop for CommandBuffer {
    fn drop(&mut self) {
        if !thread::panicking() {
            if let Some(id) = self.id.take() {
                self.context
                    .command_buffer_drop(&id, self.data.take().unwrap().as_ref());
            }
        }
    }
}

/// Encodes a series of GPU operations.
///
/// A command encoder can record [`RenderPass`]es, [`ComputePass`]es,
/// and transfer operations between driver-managed resources like [`Buffer`]s and [`Texture`]s.
///
/// When finished recording, call [`CommandEncoder::finish`] to obtain a [`CommandBuffer`] which may
/// be submitted for execution.
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUCommandEncoder`](https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#command-encoder).
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct CommandEncoder {
    context: Arc<C>,
    id: Option<ObjectId>,
    data: Box<Data>,
}
#[cfg(send_sync)]
static_assertions::assert_impl_all!(CommandEncoder: Send, Sync);

impl Drop for CommandEncoder {
    fn drop(&mut self) {
        if !thread::panicking() {
            if let Some(id) = self.id.take() {
                self.context.command_encoder_drop(&id, self.data.as_ref());
            }
        }
    }
}

/// In-progress recording of a render pass: a list of render commands in a [`CommandEncoder`].
///
/// It can be created with [`CommandEncoder::begin_render_pass()`], whose [`RenderPassDescriptor`]
/// specifies the attachments (textures) that will be rendered to.
///
/// Most of the methods on `RenderPass` serve one of two purposes, identifiable by their names:
///
/// * `draw_*()`: Drawing (that is, encoding a render command, which, when executed by the GPU, will
///   rasterize something and execute shaders).
/// * `set_*()`: Setting part of the [render state](https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#renderstate)
///   for future drawing commands.
///
/// A render pass may contain any number of drawing commands, and before/between each command the
/// render state may be updated however you wish; each drawing command will be executed using the
/// render state that has been set when the `draw_*()` function is called.
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPURenderPassEncoder`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#render-pass-encoder).
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct RenderPass<'a> {
    id: ObjectId,
    data: Box<Data>,
    parent: &'a mut CommandEncoder,
}

/// In-progress recording of a compute pass.
///
/// It can be created with [`CommandEncoder::begin_compute_pass`].
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUComputePassEncoder`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#compute-pass-encoder).
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct ComputePass<'a> {
    id: ObjectId,
    data: Box<Data>,
    parent: &'a mut CommandEncoder,
}

/// Encodes a series of GPU operations into a reusable "render bundle".
///
/// It only supports a handful of render commands, but it makes them reusable.
/// It can be created with [`Device::create_render_bundle_encoder`].
/// It can be executed onto a [`CommandEncoder`] using [`RenderPass::execute_bundles`].
///
/// Executing a [`RenderBundle`] is often more efficient than issuing the underlying commands
/// manually.
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPURenderBundleEncoder`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#gpurenderbundleencoder).
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct RenderBundleEncoder<'a> {
    context: Arc<C>,
    id: ObjectId,
    data: Box<Data>,
    parent: &'a Device,
    /// This type should be !Send !Sync, because it represents an allocation on this thread's
    /// command buffer.
    _p: PhantomData<*const u8>,
}
static_assertions::assert_not_impl_any!(RenderBundleEncoder<'_>: Send, Sync);

/// Pre-prepared reusable bundle of GPU operations.
///
/// It only supports a handful of render commands, but it makes them reusable. Executing a
/// [`RenderBundle`] is often more efficient than issuing the underlying commands manually.
///
/// It can be created by use of a [`RenderBundleEncoder`], and executed onto a [`CommandEncoder`]
/// using [`RenderPass::execute_bundles`].
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPURenderBundle`](https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#render-bundle).
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct RenderBundle {
    context: Arc<C>,
    id: ObjectId,
    data: Box<Data>,
}
#[cfg(send_sync)]
static_assertions::assert_impl_all!(RenderBundle: Send, Sync);

impl Drop for RenderBundle {
    fn drop(&mut self) {
        if !thread::panicking() {
            self.context
                .render_bundle_drop(&self.id, self.data.as_ref());
        }
    }
}

/// Handle to a query set.
///
/// It can be created with [`Device::create_query_set`].
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUQuerySet`](https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#queryset).
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct QuerySet {
    context: Arc<C>,
    id: ObjectId,
    data: Box<Data>,
}
#[cfg(send_sync)]
#[cfg(send_sync)]
static_assertions::assert_impl_all!(QuerySet: Send, Sync);

impl Drop for QuerySet {
    fn drop(&mut self) {
        if !thread::panicking() {
            self.context.query_set_drop(&self.id, self.data.as_ref());
        }
    }
}

/// Handle to a command queue on a device.
///
/// A `Queue` executes recorded [`CommandBuffer`] objects and provides convenience methods
/// for writing to [buffers](Queue::write_buffer) and [textures](Queue::write_texture).
/// It can be created along with a [`Device`] by calling [`Adapter::request_device`].
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUQueue`](https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#gpu-queue).
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct Queue {
    context: Arc<C>,
    id: ObjectId,
    data: Box<Data>,
}
#[cfg(send_sync)]
static_assertions::assert_impl_all!(Queue: Send, Sync);

impl Drop for Queue {
    fn drop(&mut self) {
        if !thread::panicking() {
            self.context.queue_drop(&self.id, self.data.as_ref());
        }
    }
}

/// Resource that can be bound to a pipeline.
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUBindingResource`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#typedefdef-gpubindingresource).
#[non_exhaustive]
#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
pub enum BindingResource<'a> {
    /// Binding is backed by a buffer.
    ///
    /// Corresponds to [`wgt::BufferBindingType::Uniform`] and [`wgt::BufferBindingType::Storage`]
    /// with [`BindGroupLayoutEntry::count`] set to None.
    Buffer(BufferBinding<'a>),
    /// Binding is backed by an array of buffers.
    ///
    /// [`Features::BUFFER_BINDING_ARRAY`] must be supported to use this feature.
    ///
    /// Corresponds to [`wgt::BufferBindingType::Uniform`] and [`wgt::BufferBindingType::Storage`]
    /// with [`BindGroupLayoutEntry::count`] set to Some.
    BufferArray(&'a [BufferBinding<'a>]),
    /// Binding is a sampler.
    ///
    /// Corresponds to [`wgt::BindingType::Sampler`] with [`BindGroupLayoutEntry::count`] set to None.
    Sampler(&'a Sampler),
    /// Binding is backed by an array of samplers.
    ///
    /// [`Features::TEXTURE_BINDING_ARRAY`] must be supported to use this feature.
    ///
    /// Corresponds to [`wgt::BindingType::Sampler`] with [`BindGroupLayoutEntry::count`] set
    /// to Some.
    SamplerArray(&'a [&'a Sampler]),
    /// Binding is backed by a texture.
    ///
    /// Corresponds to [`wgt::BindingType::Texture`] and [`wgt::BindingType::StorageTexture`] with
    /// [`BindGroupLayoutEntry::count`] set to None.
    TextureView(&'a TextureView),
    /// Binding is backed by an array of textures.
    ///
    /// [`Features::TEXTURE_BINDING_ARRAY`] must be supported to use this feature.
    ///
    /// Corresponds to [`wgt::BindingType::Texture`] and [`wgt::BindingType::StorageTexture`] with
    /// [`BindGroupLayoutEntry::count`] set to Some.
    TextureViewArray(&'a [&'a TextureView]),
}
#[cfg(send_sync)]
static_assertions::assert_impl_all!(BindingResource<'_>: Send, Sync);

/// Describes the segment of a buffer to bind.
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUBufferBinding`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#dictdef-gpubufferbinding).
#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
pub struct BufferBinding<'a> {
    /// The buffer to bind.
    pub buffer: &'a Buffer,

    /// Base offset of the buffer, in bytes.
    ///
    /// If the [`has_dynamic_offset`] field of this buffer's layout entry is
    /// `true`, the offset here will be added to the dynamic offset passed to
    /// [`RenderPass::set_bind_group`] or [`ComputePass::set_bind_group`].
    ///
    /// If the buffer was created with [`BufferUsages::UNIFORM`], then this
    /// offset must be a multiple of
    /// [`Limits::min_uniform_buffer_offset_alignment`].
    ///
    /// If the buffer was created with [`BufferUsages::STORAGE`], then this
    /// offset must be a multiple of
    /// [`Limits::min_storage_buffer_offset_alignment`].
    ///
    /// [`has_dynamic_offset`]: BindingType::Buffer::has_dynamic_offset
    pub offset: BufferAddress,

    /// Size of the binding in bytes, or `None` for using the rest of the buffer.
    pub size: Option<BufferSize>,
}
#[cfg(send_sync)]
static_assertions::assert_impl_all!(BufferBinding<'_>: Send, Sync);

/// Operation to perform to the output attachment at the start of a render pass.
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPULoadOp`](https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#enumdef-gpuloadop),
/// plus the corresponding clearValue.
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Hash, Eq, PartialEq)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
pub enum LoadOp<V> {
    /// Loads the specified value for this attachment into the render pass.
    ///
    /// On some GPU hardware (primarily mobile), "clear" is significantly cheaper
    /// because it avoids loading data from main memory into tile-local memory.
    ///
    /// On other GPU hardware, there isn’t a significant difference.
    ///
    /// As a result, it is recommended to use "clear" rather than "load" in cases
    /// where the initial value doesn’t matter
    /// (e.g. the render target will be cleared using a skybox).
    Clear(V),
    /// Loads the existing value for this attachment into the render pass.
    Load,
}

impl<V: Default> Default for LoadOp<V> {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self::Clear(Default::default())
    }
}

/// Operation to perform to the output attachment at the end of a render pass.
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUStoreOp`](https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#enumdef-gpustoreop).
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Hash, Eq, PartialEq, Default)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
pub enum StoreOp {
    /// Stores the resulting value of the render pass for this attachment.
    #[default]
    Store,
    /// Discards the resulting value of the render pass for this attachment.
    ///
    /// The attachment will be treated as uninitialized afterwards.
    /// (If only either Depth or Stencil texture-aspects is set to `Discard`,
    /// the respective other texture-aspect will be preserved.)
    ///
    /// This can be significantly faster on tile-based render hardware.
    ///
    /// Prefer this if the attachment is not read by subsequent passes.
    Discard,
}

/// Pair of load and store operations for an attachment aspect.
///
/// This type is unique to the Rust API of `wgpu`. In the WebGPU specification,
/// separate `loadOp` and `storeOp` fields are used instead.
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Hash, Eq, PartialEq)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
pub struct Operations<V> {
    /// How data should be read through this attachment.
    pub load: LoadOp<V>,
    /// Whether data will be written to through this attachment.
    ///
    /// Note that resolve textures (if specified) are always written to,
    /// regardless of this setting.
    pub store: StoreOp,
}

impl<V: Default> Default for Operations<V> {
    #[inline]
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self {
            load: LoadOp::<V>::default(),
            store: StoreOp::default(),
        }
    }
}

/// Describes the timestamp writes of a render pass.
///
/// For use with [`RenderPassDescriptor`].
/// At least one of `beginning_of_pass_write_index` and `end_of_pass_write_index` must be `Some`.
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPURenderPassTimestampWrite`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#dictdef-gpurenderpasstimestampwrites).
#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
pub struct RenderPassTimestampWrites<'a> {
    /// The query set to write to.
    pub query_set: &'a QuerySet,
    /// The index of the query set at which a start timestamp of this pass is written, if any.
    pub beginning_of_pass_write_index: Option<u32>,
    /// The index of the query set at which an end timestamp of this pass is written, if any.
    pub end_of_pass_write_index: Option<u32>,
}
#[cfg(send_sync)]
static_assertions::assert_impl_all!(RenderPassTimestampWrites<'_>: Send, Sync);

/// Describes a color attachment to a [`RenderPass`].
///
/// For use with [`RenderPassDescriptor`].
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPURenderPassColorAttachment`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#color-attachments).
#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
pub struct RenderPassColorAttachment<'tex> {
    /// The view to use as an attachment.
    pub view: &'tex TextureView,
    /// The view that will receive the resolved output if multisampling is used.
    ///
    /// If set, it is always written to, regardless of how [`Self::ops`] is configured.
    pub resolve_target: Option<&'tex TextureView>,
    /// What operations will be performed on this color attachment.
    pub ops: Operations<Color>,
}
#[cfg(send_sync)]
static_assertions::assert_impl_all!(RenderPassColorAttachment<'_>: Send, Sync);

/// Describes a depth/stencil attachment to a [`RenderPass`].
///
/// For use with [`RenderPassDescriptor`].
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPURenderPassDepthStencilAttachment`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#depth-stencil-attachments).
#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
pub struct RenderPassDepthStencilAttachment<'tex> {
    /// The view to use as an attachment.
    pub view: &'tex TextureView,
    /// What operations will be performed on the depth part of the attachment.
    pub depth_ops: Option<Operations<f32>>,
    /// What operations will be performed on the stencil part of the attachment.
    pub stencil_ops: Option<Operations<u32>>,
}
#[cfg(send_sync)]
static_assertions::assert_impl_all!(RenderPassDepthStencilAttachment<'_>: Send, Sync);

// The underlying types are also exported so that documentation shows up for them

/// Object debugging label.
pub type Label<'a> = Option<&'a str>;
pub use wgt::RequestAdapterOptions as RequestAdapterOptionsBase;
/// Additional information required when requesting an adapter.
///
/// For use with [`Instance::request_adapter`].
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPURequestAdapterOptions`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#dictdef-gpurequestadapteroptions).
pub type RequestAdapterOptions<'a, 'b> = RequestAdapterOptionsBase<&'a Surface<'b>>;
#[cfg(send_sync)]
static_assertions::assert_impl_all!(RequestAdapterOptions<'_, '_>: Send, Sync);
/// Describes a [`Device`].
///
/// For use with [`Adapter::request_device`].
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUDeviceDescriptor`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#dictdef-gpudevicedescriptor).
pub type DeviceDescriptor<'a> = wgt::DeviceDescriptor<Label<'a>>;
static_assertions::assert_impl_all!(DeviceDescriptor<'_>: Send, Sync);
/// Describes a [`Buffer`].
///
/// For use with [`Device::create_buffer`].
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUBufferDescriptor`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#dictdef-gpubufferdescriptor).
pub type BufferDescriptor<'a> = wgt::BufferDescriptor<Label<'a>>;
static_assertions::assert_impl_all!(BufferDescriptor<'_>: Send, Sync);
/// Describes a [`CommandEncoder`].
///
/// For use with [`Device::create_command_encoder`].
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUCommandEncoderDescriptor`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#dictdef-gpucommandencoderdescriptor).
pub type CommandEncoderDescriptor<'a> = wgt::CommandEncoderDescriptor<Label<'a>>;
static_assertions::assert_impl_all!(CommandEncoderDescriptor<'_>: Send, Sync);
/// Describes a [`RenderBundle`].
///
/// For use with [`RenderBundleEncoder::finish`].
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPURenderBundleDescriptor`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#dictdef-gpurenderbundledescriptor).
pub type RenderBundleDescriptor<'a> = wgt::RenderBundleDescriptor<Label<'a>>;
static_assertions::assert_impl_all!(RenderBundleDescriptor<'_>: Send, Sync);
/// Describes a [`Texture`].
///
/// For use with [`Device::create_texture`].
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUTextureDescriptor`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#dictdef-gputexturedescriptor).
pub type TextureDescriptor<'a> = wgt::TextureDescriptor<Label<'a>, &'a [TextureFormat]>;
static_assertions::assert_impl_all!(TextureDescriptor<'_>: Send, Sync);
/// Describes a [`QuerySet`].
///
/// For use with [`Device::create_query_set`].
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUQuerySetDescriptor`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#dictdef-gpuquerysetdescriptor).
pub type QuerySetDescriptor<'a> = wgt::QuerySetDescriptor<Label<'a>>;
static_assertions::assert_impl_all!(QuerySetDescriptor<'_>: Send, Sync);
pub use wgt::Maintain as MaintainBase;
/// Passed to [`Device::poll`] to control how and if it should block.
pub type Maintain = wgt::Maintain<SubmissionIndex>;
#[cfg(send_sync)]
static_assertions::assert_impl_all!(Maintain: Send, Sync);

/// Describes a [`TextureView`].
///
/// For use with [`Texture::create_view`].
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUTextureViewDescriptor`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#dictdef-gputextureviewdescriptor).
#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, Eq, PartialEq)]
pub struct TextureViewDescriptor<'a> {
    /// Debug label of the texture view. This will show up in graphics debuggers for easy identification.
    pub label: Label<'a>,
    /// Format of the texture view. Either must be the same as the texture format or in the list
    /// of `view_formats` in the texture's descriptor.
    pub format: Option<TextureFormat>,
    /// The dimension of the texture view. For 1D textures, this must be `D1`. For 2D textures it must be one of
    /// `D2`, `D2Array`, `Cube`, and `CubeArray`. For 3D textures it must be `D3`
    pub dimension: Option<TextureViewDimension>,
    /// Aspect of the texture. Color textures must be [`TextureAspect::All`].
    pub aspect: TextureAspect,
    /// Base mip level.
    pub base_mip_level: u32,
    /// Mip level count.
    /// If `Some(count)`, `base_mip_level + count` must be less or equal to underlying texture mip count.
    /// If `None`, considered to include the rest of the mipmap levels, but at least 1 in total.
    pub mip_level_count: Option<u32>,
    /// Base array layer.
    pub base_array_layer: u32,
    /// Layer count.
    /// If `Some(count)`, `base_array_layer + count` must be less or equal to the underlying array count.
    /// If `None`, considered to include the rest of the array layers, but at least 1 in total.
    pub array_layer_count: Option<u32>,
}
static_assertions::assert_impl_all!(TextureViewDescriptor<'_>: Send, Sync);

/// Describes a [`PipelineLayout`].
///
/// For use with [`Device::create_pipeline_layout`].
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUPipelineLayoutDescriptor`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#dictdef-gpupipelinelayoutdescriptor).
#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default)]
pub struct PipelineLayoutDescriptor<'a> {
    /// Debug label of the pipeline layout. This will show up in graphics debuggers for easy identification.
    pub label: Label<'a>,
    /// Bind groups that this pipeline uses. The first entry will provide all the bindings for
    /// "set = 0", second entry will provide all the bindings for "set = 1" etc.
    pub bind_group_layouts: &'a [&'a BindGroupLayout],
    /// Set of push constant ranges this pipeline uses. Each shader stage that uses push constants
    /// must define the range in push constant memory that corresponds to its single `layout(push_constant)`
    /// uniform block.
    ///
    /// If this array is non-empty, the [`Features::PUSH_CONSTANTS`] must be enabled.
    pub push_constant_ranges: &'a [PushConstantRange],
}
#[cfg(send_sync)]
static_assertions::assert_impl_all!(PipelineLayoutDescriptor<'_>: Send, Sync);

/// Describes a [`Sampler`].
///
/// For use with [`Device::create_sampler`].
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUSamplerDescriptor`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#dictdef-gpusamplerdescriptor).
#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
pub struct SamplerDescriptor<'a> {
    /// Debug label of the sampler. This will show up in graphics debuggers for easy identification.
    pub label: Label<'a>,
    /// How to deal with out of bounds accesses in the u (i.e. x) direction
    pub address_mode_u: AddressMode,
    /// How to deal with out of bounds accesses in the v (i.e. y) direction
    pub address_mode_v: AddressMode,
    /// How to deal with out of bounds accesses in the w (i.e. z) direction
    pub address_mode_w: AddressMode,
    /// How to filter the texture when it needs to be magnified (made larger)
    pub mag_filter: FilterMode,
    /// How to filter the texture when it needs to be minified (made smaller)
    pub min_filter: FilterMode,
    /// How to filter between mip map levels
    pub mipmap_filter: FilterMode,
    /// Minimum level of detail (i.e. mip level) to use
    pub lod_min_clamp: f32,
    /// Maximum level of detail (i.e. mip level) to use
    pub lod_max_clamp: f32,
    /// If this is enabled, this is a comparison sampler using the given comparison function.
    pub compare: Option<CompareFunction>,
    /// Must be at least 1. If this is not 1, all filter modes must be linear.
    pub anisotropy_clamp: u16,
    /// Border color to use when address_mode is [`AddressMode::ClampToBorder`]
    pub border_color: Option<SamplerBorderColor>,
}
static_assertions::assert_impl_all!(SamplerDescriptor<'_>: Send, Sync);

impl Default for SamplerDescriptor<'_> {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self {
            label: None,
            address_mode_u: Default::default(),
            address_mode_v: Default::default(),
            address_mode_w: Default::default(),
            mag_filter: Default::default(),
            min_filter: Default::default(),
            mipmap_filter: Default::default(),
            lod_min_clamp: 0.0,
            lod_max_clamp: 32.0,
            compare: None,
            anisotropy_clamp: 1,
            border_color: None,
        }
    }
}

/// An element of a [`BindGroupDescriptor`], consisting of a bindable resource
/// and the slot to bind it to.
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUBindGroupEntry`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#dictdef-gpubindgroupentry).
#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
pub struct BindGroupEntry<'a> {
    /// Slot for which binding provides resource. Corresponds to an entry of the same
    /// binding index in the [`BindGroupLayoutDescriptor`].
    pub binding: u32,
    /// Resource to attach to the binding
    pub resource: BindingResource<'a>,
}
#[cfg(send_sync)]
static_assertions::assert_impl_all!(BindGroupEntry<'_>: Send, Sync);

/// Describes a group of bindings and the resources to be bound.
///
/// For use with [`Device::create_bind_group`].
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUBindGroupDescriptor`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#dictdef-gpubindgroupdescriptor).
#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
pub struct BindGroupDescriptor<'a> {
    /// Debug label of the bind group. This will show up in graphics debuggers for easy identification.
    pub label: Label<'a>,
    /// The [`BindGroupLayout`] that corresponds to this bind group.
    pub layout: &'a BindGroupLayout,
    /// The resources to bind to this bind group.
    pub entries: &'a [BindGroupEntry<'a>],
}
#[cfg(send_sync)]
static_assertions::assert_impl_all!(BindGroupDescriptor<'_>: Send, Sync);

/// Describes the attachments of a render pass.
///
/// For use with [`CommandEncoder::begin_render_pass`].
///
/// Note: separate lifetimes are needed because the texture views (`'tex`)
/// have to live as long as the pass is recorded, while everything else (`'desc`) doesn't.
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPURenderPassDescriptor`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#dictdef-gpurenderpassdescriptor).
#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default)]
pub struct RenderPassDescriptor<'tex, 'desc> {
    /// Debug label of the render pass. This will show up in graphics debuggers for easy identification.
    pub label: Label<'desc>,
    /// The color attachments of the render pass.
    pub color_attachments: &'desc [Option<RenderPassColorAttachment<'tex>>],
    /// The depth and stencil attachment of the render pass, if any.
    pub depth_stencil_attachment: Option<RenderPassDepthStencilAttachment<'tex>>,
    /// Defines which timestamp values will be written for this pass, and where to write them to.
    ///
    /// Requires [`Features::TIMESTAMP_QUERY`] to be enabled.
    pub timestamp_writes: Option<RenderPassTimestampWrites<'desc>>,
    /// Defines where the occlusion query results will be stored for this pass.
    pub occlusion_query_set: Option<&'tex QuerySet>,
}
#[cfg(send_sync)]
static_assertions::assert_impl_all!(RenderPassDescriptor<'_, '_>: Send, Sync);

/// Describes how the vertex buffer is interpreted.
///
/// For use in [`VertexState`].
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUVertexBufferLayout`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#dictdef-gpuvertexbufferlayout).
#[derive(Clone, Debug, Hash, Eq, PartialEq)]
pub struct VertexBufferLayout<'a> {
    /// The stride, in bytes, between elements of this buffer.
    pub array_stride: BufferAddress,
    /// How often this vertex buffer is "stepped" forward.
    pub step_mode: VertexStepMode,
    /// The list of attributes which comprise a single vertex.
    pub attributes: &'a [VertexAttribute],
}
static_assertions::assert_impl_all!(VertexBufferLayout<'_>: Send, Sync);

/// Describes the vertex processing in a render pipeline.
///
/// For use in [`RenderPipelineDescriptor`].
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUVertexState`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#dictdef-gpuvertexstate).
#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
pub struct VertexState<'a> {
    /// The compiled shader module for this stage.
    pub module: &'a ShaderModule,
    /// The name of the entry point in the compiled shader. There must be a function with this name
    /// in the shader.
    pub entry_point: &'a str,
    /// Advanced options for when this pipeline is compiled
    ///
    /// This implements `Default`, and for most users can be set to `Default::default()`
    pub compilation_options: PipelineCompilationOptions<'a>,
    /// The format of any vertex buffers used with this pipeline.
    pub buffers: &'a [VertexBufferLayout<'a>],
}
#[cfg(send_sync)]
static_assertions::assert_impl_all!(VertexState<'_>: Send, Sync);

/// Describes the fragment processing in a render pipeline.
///
/// For use in [`RenderPipelineDescriptor`].
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUFragmentState`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#dictdef-gpufragmentstate).
#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
pub struct FragmentState<'a> {
    /// The compiled shader module for this stage.
    pub module: &'a ShaderModule,
    /// The name of the entry point in the compiled shader. There must be a function with this name
    /// in the shader.
    pub entry_point: &'a str,
    /// Advanced options for when this pipeline is compiled
    ///
    /// This implements `Default`, and for most users can be set to `Default::default()`
    pub compilation_options: PipelineCompilationOptions<'a>,
    /// The color state of the render targets.
    pub targets: &'a [Option<ColorTargetState>],
}
#[cfg(send_sync)]
static_assertions::assert_impl_all!(FragmentState<'_>: Send, Sync);

/// Describes a render (graphics) pipeline.
///
/// For use with [`Device::create_render_pipeline`].
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPURenderPipelineDescriptor`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#dictdef-gpurenderpipelinedescriptor).
#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
pub struct RenderPipelineDescriptor<'a> {
    /// Debug label of the pipeline. This will show up in graphics debuggers for easy identification.
    pub label: Label<'a>,
    /// The layout of bind groups for this pipeline.
    pub layout: Option<&'a PipelineLayout>,
    /// The compiled vertex stage, its entry point, and the input buffers layout.
    pub vertex: VertexState<'a>,
    /// The properties of the pipeline at the primitive assembly and rasterization level.
    pub primitive: PrimitiveState,
    /// The effect of draw calls on the depth and stencil aspects of the output target, if any.
    pub depth_stencil: Option<DepthStencilState>,
    /// The multi-sampling properties of the pipeline.
    pub multisample: MultisampleState,
    /// The compiled fragment stage, its entry point, and the color targets.
    pub fragment: Option<FragmentState<'a>>,
    /// If the pipeline will be used with a multiview render pass, this indicates how many array
    /// layers the attachments will have.
    pub multiview: Option<NonZeroU32>,
}
#[cfg(send_sync)]
static_assertions::assert_impl_all!(RenderPipelineDescriptor<'_>: Send, Sync);

/// Describes the timestamp writes of a compute pass.
///
/// For use with [`ComputePassDescriptor`].
/// At least one of `beginning_of_pass_write_index` and `end_of_pass_write_index` must be `Some`.
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUComputePassTimestampWrites`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#dictdef-gpucomputepasstimestampwrites).
#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
pub struct ComputePassTimestampWrites<'a> {
    /// The query set to write to.
    pub query_set: &'a QuerySet,
    /// The index of the query set at which a start timestamp of this pass is written, if any.
    pub beginning_of_pass_write_index: Option<u32>,
    /// The index of the query set at which an end timestamp of this pass is written, if any.
    pub end_of_pass_write_index: Option<u32>,
}
#[cfg(send_sync)]
static_assertions::assert_impl_all!(ComputePassTimestampWrites<'_>: Send, Sync);

/// Describes the attachments of a compute pass.
///
/// For use with [`CommandEncoder::begin_compute_pass`].
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUComputePassDescriptor`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#dictdef-gpucomputepassdescriptor).
#[derive(Clone, Default, Debug)]
pub struct ComputePassDescriptor<'a> {
    /// Debug label of the compute pass. This will show up in graphics debuggers for easy identification.
    pub label: Label<'a>,
    /// Defines which timestamp values will be written for this pass, and where to write them to.
    ///
    /// Requires [`Features::TIMESTAMP_QUERY`] to be enabled.
    pub timestamp_writes: Option<ComputePassTimestampWrites<'a>>,
}
#[cfg(send_sync)]
static_assertions::assert_impl_all!(ComputePassDescriptor<'_>: Send, Sync);

#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
/// Advanced options for use when a pipeline is compiled
///
/// This implements `Default`, and for most users can be set to `Default::default()`
pub struct PipelineCompilationOptions<'a> {
    /// Specifies the values of pipeline-overridable constants in the shader module.
    ///
    /// If an `@id` attribute was specified on the declaration,
    /// the key must be the pipeline constant ID as a decimal ASCII number; if not,
    /// the key must be the constant's identifier name.
    ///
    /// The value may represent any of WGSL's concrete scalar types.
    pub constants: &'a HashMap<String, f64>,
    /// Whether workgroup scoped memory will be initialized with zero values for this stage.
    ///
    /// This is required by the WebGPU spec, but may have overhead which can be avoided
    /// for cross-platform applications
    pub zero_initialize_workgroup_memory: bool,
}

impl<'a> Default for PipelineCompilationOptions<'a> {
    fn default() -> Self {
        // HashMap doesn't have a const constructor, due to the use of RandomState
        // This does introduce some synchronisation costs, but these should be minor,
        // and might be cheaper than the alternative of getting new random state
        static DEFAULT_CONSTANTS: std::sync::OnceLock<HashMap<String, f64>> =
            std::sync::OnceLock::new();
        let constants = DEFAULT_CONSTANTS.get_or_init(Default::default);
        Self {
            constants,
            zero_initialize_workgroup_memory: true,
        }
    }
}

/// Describes a compute pipeline.
///
/// For use with [`Device::create_compute_pipeline`].
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUComputePipelineDescriptor`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#dictdef-gpucomputepipelinedescriptor).
#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
pub struct ComputePipelineDescriptor<'a> {
    /// Debug label of the pipeline. This will show up in graphics debuggers for easy identification.
    pub label: Label<'a>,
    /// The layout of bind groups for this pipeline.
    pub layout: Option<&'a PipelineLayout>,
    /// The compiled shader module for this stage.
    pub module: &'a ShaderModule,
    /// The name of the entry point in the compiled shader. There must be a function with this name
    /// and no return value in the shader.
    pub entry_point: &'a str,
    /// Advanced options for when this pipeline is compiled
    ///
    /// This implements `Default`, and for most users can be set to `Default::default()`
    pub compilation_options: PipelineCompilationOptions<'a>,
}
#[cfg(send_sync)]
static_assertions::assert_impl_all!(ComputePipelineDescriptor<'_>: Send, Sync);

pub use wgt::ImageCopyBuffer as ImageCopyBufferBase;
/// View of a buffer which can be used to copy to/from a texture.
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUImageCopyBuffer`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#dictdef-gpuimagecopybuffer).
pub type ImageCopyBuffer<'a> = ImageCopyBufferBase<&'a Buffer>;
#[cfg(send_sync)]
static_assertions::assert_impl_all!(ImageCopyBuffer<'_>: Send, Sync);

pub use wgt::ImageCopyTexture as ImageCopyTextureBase;
/// View of a texture which can be used to copy to/from a buffer/texture.
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUImageCopyTexture`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#dictdef-gpuimagecopytexture).
pub type ImageCopyTexture<'a> = ImageCopyTextureBase<&'a Texture>;
#[cfg(send_sync)]
static_assertions::assert_impl_all!(ImageCopyTexture<'_>: Send, Sync);

pub use wgt::ImageCopyTextureTagged as ImageCopyTextureTaggedBase;
/// View of a texture which can be used to copy to a texture, including
/// color space and alpha premultiplication information.
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUImageCopyTextureTagged`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#dictdef-gpuimagecopytexturetagged).
pub type ImageCopyTextureTagged<'a> = ImageCopyTextureTaggedBase<&'a Texture>;
#[cfg(send_sync)]
static_assertions::assert_impl_all!(ImageCopyTexture<'_>: Send, Sync);

/// Describes a [`BindGroupLayout`].
///
/// For use with [`Device::create_bind_group_layout`].
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUBindGroupLayoutDescriptor`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#dictdef-gpubindgrouplayoutdescriptor).
#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
pub struct BindGroupLayoutDescriptor<'a> {
    /// Debug label of the bind group layout. This will show up in graphics debuggers for easy identification.
    pub label: Label<'a>,

    /// Array of entries in this BindGroupLayout
    pub entries: &'a [BindGroupLayoutEntry],
}
static_assertions::assert_impl_all!(BindGroupLayoutDescriptor<'_>: Send, Sync);

/// Describes a [`RenderBundleEncoder`].
///
/// For use with [`Device::create_render_bundle_encoder`].
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPURenderBundleEncoderDescriptor`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#dictdef-gpurenderbundleencoderdescriptor).
#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
pub struct RenderBundleEncoderDescriptor<'a> {
    /// Debug label of the render bundle encoder. This will show up in graphics debuggers for easy identification.
    pub label: Label<'a>,
    /// The formats of the color attachments that this render bundle is capable to rendering to. This
    /// must match the formats of the color attachments in the render pass this render bundle is executed in.
    pub color_formats: &'a [Option<TextureFormat>],
    /// Information about the depth attachment that this render bundle is capable to rendering to. This
    /// must match the format of the depth attachments in the render pass this render bundle is executed in.
    pub depth_stencil: Option<RenderBundleDepthStencil>,
    /// Sample count this render bundle is capable of rendering to. This must match the pipelines and
    /// the render passes it is used in.
    pub sample_count: u32,
    /// If this render bundle will rendering to multiple array layers in the attachments at the same time.
    pub multiview: Option<NonZeroU32>,
}
static_assertions::assert_impl_all!(RenderBundleEncoderDescriptor<'_>: Send, Sync);

/// Surface texture that can be rendered to.
/// Result of a successful call to [`Surface::get_current_texture`].
///
/// This type is unique to the Rust API of `wgpu`. In the WebGPU specification,
/// the [`GPUCanvasContext`](https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#canvas-context) provides
/// a texture without any additional information.
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct SurfaceTexture {
    /// Accessible view of the frame.
    pub texture: Texture,
    /// `true` if the acquired buffer can still be used for rendering,
    /// but should be recreated for maximum performance.
    pub suboptimal: bool,
    presented: bool,
    detail: Box<dyn AnyWasmNotSendSync>,
}
#[cfg(send_sync)]
static_assertions::assert_impl_all!(SurfaceTexture: Send, Sync);

/// Result of an unsuccessful call to [`Surface::get_current_texture`].
#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
pub enum SurfaceError {
    /// A timeout was encountered while trying to acquire the next frame.
    Timeout,
    /// The underlying surface has changed, and therefore the swap chain must be updated.
    Outdated,
    /// The swap chain has been lost and needs to be recreated.
    Lost,
    /// There is no more memory left to allocate a new frame.
    OutOfMemory,
}
static_assertions::assert_impl_all!(SurfaceError: Send, Sync);

impl fmt::Display for SurfaceError {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "{}", match self {
            Self::Timeout => "A timeout was encountered while trying to acquire the next frame",
            Self::Outdated => "The underlying surface has changed, and therefore the swap chain must be updated",
            Self::Lost =>  "The swap chain has been lost and needs to be recreated",
            Self::OutOfMemory => "There is no more memory left to allocate a new frame",
        })
    }
}

impl error::Error for SurfaceError {}

impl Default for Instance {
    /// Creates a new instance of wgpu with default options.
    ///
    /// Backends are set to `Backends::all()`, and FXC is chosen as the `dx12_shader_compiler`.
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// If no backend feature for the active target platform is enabled,
    /// this method will panic, see [`Instance::enabled_backend_features()`].
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self::new(InstanceDescriptor::default())
    }
}

impl Instance {
    /// Returns which backends can be picked for the current build configuration.
    ///
    /// The returned set depends on a combination of target platform and enabled features.
    /// This does *not* do any runtime checks and is exclusively based on compile time information.
    ///
    /// `InstanceDescriptor::backends` does not need to be a subset of this,
    /// but any backend that is not in this set, will not be picked.
    ///
    /// TODO: Right now it's otherwise not possible yet to opt-out of all features on some platforms.
    /// See <https://github.com/gfx-rs/wgpu/issues/3514>
    /// * Windows/Linux/Android: always enables Vulkan and GLES with no way to opt out
    pub const fn enabled_backend_features() -> Backends {
        let mut backends = Backends::empty();

        if cfg!(native) {
            if cfg!(metal) {
                backends = backends.union(Backends::METAL);
            }
            if cfg!(dx12) {
                backends = backends.union(Backends::DX12);
            }

            // Windows, Android, Linux currently always enable Vulkan and OpenGL.
            // See <https://github.com/gfx-rs/wgpu/issues/3514>
            if cfg!(target_os = "windows") || cfg!(unix) {
                backends = backends.union(Backends::VULKAN).union(Backends::GL);
            }

            // Vulkan on Mac/iOS is only available through vulkan-portability.
            if (cfg!(target_os = "ios") || cfg!(target_os = "macos"))
                && cfg!(feature = "vulkan-portability")
            {
                backends = backends.union(Backends::VULKAN);
            }

            // GL on Mac is only available through angle.
            if cfg!(target_os = "macos") && cfg!(feature = "angle") {
                backends = backends.union(Backends::GL);
            }
        } else {
            if cfg!(webgpu) {
                backends = backends.union(Backends::BROWSER_WEBGPU);
            }
            if cfg!(webgl) {
                backends = backends.union(Backends::GL);
            }
        }

        backends
    }

    /// Create an new instance of wgpu.
    ///
    /// # Arguments
    ///
    /// - `instance_desc` - Has fields for which [backends][Backends] wgpu will choose
    ///   during instantiation, and which [DX12 shader compiler][Dx12Compiler] wgpu will use.
    ///
    ///   [`Backends::BROWSER_WEBGPU`] takes a special role:
    ///   If it is set and WebGPU support is detected, this instance will *only* be able to create
    ///   WebGPU adapters. If you instead want to force use of WebGL, either
    ///   disable the `webgpu` compile-time feature or do add the [`Backends::BROWSER_WEBGPU`]
    ///   flag to the the `instance_desc`'s `backends` field.
    ///   If it is set and WebGPU support is *not* detected, the instance will use wgpu-core
    ///   to create adapters. Meaning that if the `webgl` feature is enabled, it is able to create
    ///   a WebGL adapter.
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// If no backend feature for the active target platform is enabled,
    /// this method will panic, see [`Instance::enabled_backend_features()`].
    #[allow(unreachable_code)]
    pub fn new(_instance_desc: InstanceDescriptor) -> Self {
        if Self::enabled_backend_features().is_empty() {
            panic!(
                "No wgpu backend feature that is implemented for the target platform was enabled. \
                 See `wgpu::Instance::enabled_backend_features()` for more information."
            );
        }

        #[cfg(webgpu)]
        {
            let is_only_available_backend = !cfg!(wgpu_core);
            let requested_webgpu = _instance_desc.backends.contains(Backends::BROWSER_WEBGPU);
            let support_webgpu =
                crate::backend::get_browser_gpu_property().map_or(false, |gpu| !gpu.is_undefined());

            if is_only_available_backend || (requested_webgpu && support_webgpu) {
                return Self {
                    context: Arc::from(crate::backend::ContextWebGpu::init(_instance_desc)),
                };
            }
        }

        #[cfg(wgpu_core)]
        {
            return Self {
                context: Arc::from(crate::backend::ContextWgpuCore::init(_instance_desc)),
            };
        }

        unreachable!(
            "Earlier check of `enabled_backend_features` should have prevented getting here!"
        );
    }

    /// Create an new instance of wgpu from a wgpu-hal instance.
    ///
    /// # Arguments
    ///
    /// - `hal_instance` - wgpu-hal instance.
    ///
    /// # Safety
    ///
    /// Refer to the creation of wgpu-hal Instance for every backend.
    #[cfg(wgpu_core)]
    pub unsafe fn from_hal<A: wgc::hal_api::HalApi>(hal_instance: A::Instance) -> Self {
        Self {
            context: Arc::new(unsafe {
                crate::backend::ContextWgpuCore::from_hal_instance::<A>(hal_instance)
            }),
        }
    }

    /// Return a reference to a specific backend instance, if available.
    ///
    /// If this `Instance` has a wgpu-hal [`Instance`] for backend
    /// `A`, return a reference to it. Otherwise, return `None`.
    ///
    /// # Safety
    ///
    /// - The raw instance handle returned must not be manually destroyed.
    ///
    /// [`Instance`]: hal::Api::Instance
    #[cfg(wgpu_core)]
    pub unsafe fn as_hal<A: wgc::hal_api::HalApi>(&self) -> Option<&A::Instance> {
        self.context
            .as_any()
            // If we don't have a wgpu-core instance, we don't have a hal instance either.
            .downcast_ref::<crate::backend::ContextWgpuCore>()
            .and_then(|ctx| unsafe { ctx.instance_as_hal::<A>() })
    }

    /// Create an new instance of wgpu from a wgpu-core instance.
    ///
    /// # Arguments
    ///
    /// - `core_instance` - wgpu-core instance.
    ///
    /// # Safety
    ///
    /// Refer to the creation of wgpu-core Instance.
    #[cfg(wgpu_core)]
    pub unsafe fn from_core(core_instance: wgc::instance::Instance) -> Self {
        Self {
            context: Arc::new(unsafe {
                crate::backend::ContextWgpuCore::from_core_instance(core_instance)
            }),
        }
    }

    /// Retrieves all available [`Adapter`]s that match the given [`Backends`].
    ///
    /// Always returns an empty vector if the instance decided upon creation to
    /// target WebGPU since adapter creation is always async on WebGPU.
    ///
    /// # Arguments
    ///
    /// - `backends` - Backends from which to enumerate adapters.
    #[cfg(wgpu_core)]
    pub fn enumerate_adapters(&self, backends: Backends) -> Vec<Adapter> {
        let context = Arc::clone(&self.context);
        self.context
            .as_any()
            .downcast_ref::<crate::backend::ContextWgpuCore>()
            .map(|ctx| {
                ctx.enumerate_adapters(backends)
                    .into_iter()
                    .map(move |id| crate::Adapter {
                        context: Arc::clone(&context),
                        id: ObjectId::from(id),
                        data: Box::new(()),
                    })
                    .collect()
            })
            .unwrap_or_default()
    }

    /// Retrieves an [`Adapter`] which matches the given [`RequestAdapterOptions`].
    ///
    /// Some options are "soft", so treated as non-mandatory. Others are "hard".
    ///
    /// If no adapters are found that suffice all the "hard" options, `None` is returned.
    pub fn request_adapter(
        &self,
        options: &RequestAdapterOptions<'_, '_>,
    ) -> impl Future<Output = Option<Adapter>> + WasmNotSend {
        let context = Arc::clone(&self.context);
        let adapter = self.context.instance_request_adapter(options);
        async move {
            adapter
                .await
                .map(|(id, data)| Adapter { context, id, data })
        }
    }

    /// Converts a wgpu-hal `ExposedAdapter` to a wgpu [`Adapter`].
    ///
    /// # Safety
    ///
    /// `hal_adapter` must be created from this instance internal handle.
    #[cfg(wgpu_core)]
    pub unsafe fn create_adapter_from_hal<A: wgc::hal_api::HalApi>(
        &self,
        hal_adapter: hal::ExposedAdapter<A>,
    ) -> Adapter {
        let context = Arc::clone(&self.context);
        let id = unsafe {
            context
                .as_any()
                .downcast_ref::<crate::backend::ContextWgpuCore>()
                .unwrap()
                .create_adapter_from_hal(hal_adapter)
                .into()
        };
        Adapter {
            context,
            id,
            data: Box::new(()),
        }
    }

    /// Creates a new surface targeting a given window/canvas/surface/etc..
    ///
    /// Internally, this creates surfaces for all backends that are enabled for this instance.
    ///
    /// See [`SurfaceTarget`] for what targets are supported.
    /// See [`Instance::create_surface_unsafe`] for surface creation with unsafe target variants.
    ///
    /// Most commonly used are window handles (or provider of windows handles)
    /// which can be passed directly as they're automatically converted to [`SurfaceTarget`].
    pub fn create_surface<'window>(
        &self,
        target: impl Into<SurfaceTarget<'window>>,
    ) -> Result<Surface<'window>, CreateSurfaceError> {
        // Handle origin (i.e. window) to optionally take ownership of to make the surface outlast the window.
        let handle_source;

        let target = target.into();
        let mut surface = match target {
            SurfaceTarget::Window(window) => unsafe {
                let surface = self.create_surface_unsafe(
                    SurfaceTargetUnsafe::from_window(&window).map_err(|e| CreateSurfaceError {
                        inner: CreateSurfaceErrorKind::RawHandle(e),
                    })?,
                );
                handle_source = Some(window);

                surface
            }?,

            #[cfg(any(webgpu, webgl))]
            SurfaceTarget::Canvas(canvas) => {
                handle_source = None;

                let value: &wasm_bindgen::JsValue = &canvas;
                let obj = std::ptr::NonNull::from(value).cast();
                let raw_window_handle = raw_window_handle::WebCanvasWindowHandle::new(obj).into();
                let raw_display_handle = raw_window_handle::WebDisplayHandle::new().into();

                // Note that we need to call this while we still have `value` around.
                // This is safe without storing canvas to `handle_origin` since the surface will create a copy internally.
                unsafe {
                    self.create_surface_unsafe(SurfaceTargetUnsafe::RawHandle {
                        raw_display_handle,
                        raw_window_handle,
                    })
                }?
            }

            #[cfg(any(webgpu, webgl))]
            SurfaceTarget::OffscreenCanvas(canvas) => {
                handle_source = None;

                let value: &wasm_bindgen::JsValue = &canvas;
                let obj = std::ptr::NonNull::from(value).cast();
                let raw_window_handle =
                    raw_window_handle::WebOffscreenCanvasWindowHandle::new(obj).into();
                let raw_display_handle = raw_window_handle::WebDisplayHandle::new().into();

                // Note that we need to call this while we still have `value` around.
                // This is safe without storing canvas to `handle_origin` since the surface will create a copy internally.
                unsafe {
                    self.create_surface_unsafe(SurfaceTargetUnsafe::RawHandle {
                        raw_display_handle,
                        raw_window_handle,
                    })
                }?
            }
        };

        surface._handle_source = handle_source;

        Ok(surface)
    }

    /// Creates a new surface targeting a given window/canvas/surface/etc. using an unsafe target.
    ///
    /// Internally, this creates surfaces for all backends that are enabled for this instance.
    ///
    /// See [`SurfaceTargetUnsafe`] for what targets are supported.
    /// See [`Instance::create_surface`] for surface creation with safe target variants.
    ///
    /// # Safety
    ///
    /// - See respective [`SurfaceTargetUnsafe`] variants for safety requirements.
    pub unsafe fn create_surface_unsafe<'window>(
        &self,
        target: SurfaceTargetUnsafe,
    ) -> Result<Surface<'window>, CreateSurfaceError> {
        let (id, data) = unsafe { self.context.instance_create_surface(target) }?;

        Ok(Surface {
            context: Arc::clone(&self.context),
            _handle_source: None,
            id,
            surface_data: data,
            config: Mutex::new(None),
        })
    }

    /// Polls all devices.
    ///
    /// If `force_wait` is true and this is not running on the web, then this
    /// function will block until all in-flight buffers have been mapped and
    /// all submitted commands have finished execution.
    ///
    /// Return `true` if all devices' queues are empty, or `false` if there are
    /// queue submissions still in flight. (Note that, unless access to all
    /// [`Queue`s] associated with this [`Instance`] is coordinated somehow,
    /// this information could be out of date by the time the caller receives
    /// it. `Queue`s can be shared between threads, and other threads could
    /// submit new work at any time.)
    ///
    /// On the web, this is a no-op. `Device`s are automatically polled.
    ///
    /// [`Queue`s]: Queue
    pub fn poll_all(&self, force_wait: bool) -> bool {
        self.context.instance_poll_all_devices(force_wait)
    }

    /// Generates memory report.
    ///
    /// Returns `None` if the feature is not supported by the backend
    /// which happens only when WebGPU is pre-selected by the instance creation.
    #[cfg(wgpu_core)]
    pub fn generate_report(&self) -> Option<wgc::global::GlobalReport> {
        self.context
            .as_any()
            .downcast_ref::<crate::backend::ContextWgpuCore>()
            .map(|ctx| ctx.generate_report())
    }
}

impl Adapter {
    /// Requests a connection to a physical device, creating a logical device.
    ///
    /// Returns the [`Device`] together with a [`Queue`] that executes command buffers.
    ///
    /// # Arguments
    ///
    /// - `desc` - Description of the features and limits requested from the given device.
    /// - `trace_path` - Can be used for API call tracing, if that feature is
    ///   enabled in `wgpu-core`.
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// - Features specified by `desc` are not supported by this adapter.
    /// - Unsafe features were requested but not enabled when requesting the adapter.
    /// - Limits requested exceed the values provided by the adapter.
    /// - Adapter does not support all features wgpu requires to safely operate.
    pub fn request_device(
        &self,
        desc: &DeviceDescriptor<'_>,
        trace_path: Option<&std::path::Path>,
    ) -> impl Future<Output = Result<(Device, Queue), RequestDeviceError>> + WasmNotSend {
        let context = Arc::clone(&self.context);
        let device = DynContext::adapter_request_device(
            &*self.context,
            &self.id,
            self.data.as_ref(),
            desc,
            trace_path,
        );
        async move {
            device.await.map(
                |DeviceRequest {
                     device_id,
                     device_data,
                     queue_id,
                     queue_data,
                 }| {
                    (
                        Device {
                            context: Arc::clone(&context),
                            id: device_id,
                            data: device_data,
                        },
                        Queue {
                            context,
                            id: queue_id,
                            data: queue_data,
                        },
                    )
                },
            )
        }
    }

    /// Create a wgpu [`Device`] and [`Queue`] from a wgpu-hal `OpenDevice`
    ///
    /// # Safety
    ///
    /// - `hal_device` must be created from this adapter internal handle.
    /// - `desc.features` must be a subset of `hal_device` features.
    #[cfg(wgpu_core)]
    pub unsafe fn create_device_from_hal<A: wgc::hal_api::HalApi>(
        &self,
        hal_device: hal::OpenDevice<A>,
        desc: &DeviceDescriptor<'_>,
        trace_path: Option<&std::path::Path>,
    ) -> Result<(Device, Queue), RequestDeviceError> {
        let context = Arc::clone(&self.context);
        unsafe {
            self.context
                .as_any()
                .downcast_ref::<crate::backend::ContextWgpuCore>()
                // Part of the safety requirements is that the device was generated from the same adapter.
                // Therefore, unwrap is fine here since only WgpuCoreContext based adapters have the ability to create hal devices.
                .unwrap()
                .create_device_from_hal(&self.id.into(), hal_device, desc, trace_path)
        }
        .map(|(device, queue)| {
            (
                Device {
                    context: Arc::clone(&context),
                    id: device.id().into(),
                    data: Box::new(device),
                },
                Queue {
                    context,
                    id: queue.id().into(),
                    data: Box::new(queue),
                },
            )
        })
    }

    /// Apply a callback to this `Adapter`'s underlying backend adapter.
    ///
    /// If this `Adapter` is implemented by the backend API given by `A` (Vulkan,
    /// Dx12, etc.), then apply `hal_adapter_callback` to `Some(&adapter)`, where
    /// `adapter` is the underlying backend adapter type, [`A::Adapter`].
    ///
    /// If this `Adapter` uses a different backend, apply `hal_adapter_callback`
    /// to `None`.
    ///
    /// The adapter is locked for reading while `hal_adapter_callback` runs. If
    /// the callback attempts to perform any `wgpu` operations that require
    /// write access to the adapter, deadlock will occur. The locks are
    /// automatically released when the callback returns.
    ///
    /// # Safety
    ///
    /// - The raw handle passed to the callback must not be manually destroyed.
    ///
    /// [`A::Adapter`]: hal::Api::Adapter
    #[cfg(wgpu_core)]
    pub unsafe fn as_hal<A: wgc::hal_api::HalApi, F: FnOnce(Option<&A::Adapter>) -> R, R>(
        &self,
        hal_adapter_callback: F,
    ) -> R {
        if let Some(ctx) = self
            .context
            .as_any()
            .downcast_ref::<crate::backend::ContextWgpuCore>()
        {
            unsafe { ctx.adapter_as_hal::<A, F, R>(self.id.into(), hal_adapter_callback) }
        } else {
            hal_adapter_callback(None)
        }
    }

    /// Returns whether this adapter may present to the passed surface.
    pub fn is_surface_supported(&self, surface: &Surface<'_>) -> bool {
        DynContext::adapter_is_surface_supported(
            &*self.context,
            &self.id,
            self.data.as_ref(),
            &surface.id,
            surface.surface_data.as_ref(),
        )
    }

    /// The features which can be used to create devices on this adapter.
    pub fn features(&self) -> Features {
        DynContext::adapter_features(&*self.context, &self.id, self.data.as_ref())
    }

    /// The best limits which can be used to create devices on this adapter.
    pub fn limits(&self) -> Limits {
        DynContext::adapter_limits(&*self.context, &self.id, self.data.as_ref())
    }

    /// Get info about the adapter itself.
    pub fn get_info(&self) -> AdapterInfo {
        DynContext::adapter_get_info(&*self.context, &self.id, self.data.as_ref())
    }

    /// Get info about the adapter itself.
    pub fn get_downlevel_capabilities(&self) -> DownlevelCapabilities {
        DynContext::adapter_downlevel_capabilities(&*self.context, &self.id, self.data.as_ref())
    }

    /// Returns the features supported for a given texture format by this adapter.
    ///
    /// Note that the WebGPU spec further restricts the available usages/features.
    /// To disable these restrictions on a device, request the [`Features::TEXTURE_ADAPTER_SPECIFIC_FORMAT_FEATURES`] feature.
    pub fn get_texture_format_features(&self, format: TextureFormat) -> TextureFormatFeatures {
        DynContext::adapter_get_texture_format_features(
            &*self.context,
            &self.id,
            self.data.as_ref(),
            format,
        )
    }

    /// Generates a timestamp using the clock used by the presentation engine.
    ///
    /// When comparing completely opaque timestamp systems, we need a way of generating timestamps that signal
    /// the exact same time. You can do this by calling your own timestamp function immediately after a call to
    /// this function. This should result in timestamps that are 0.5 to 5 microseconds apart. There are locks
    /// that must be taken during the call, so don't call your function before.
    ///
    /// ```no_run
    /// # let adapter: wgpu::Adapter = panic!();
    /// # let some_code = || wgpu::PresentationTimestamp::INVALID_TIMESTAMP;
    /// use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
    /// let presentation = adapter.get_presentation_timestamp();
    /// let instant = Instant::now();
    ///
    /// // We can now turn a new presentation timestamp into an Instant.
    /// let some_pres_timestamp = some_code();
    /// let duration = Duration::from_nanos((some_pres_timestamp.0 - presentation.0) as u64);
    /// let new_instant: Instant = instant + duration;
    /// ```
    //
    /// [Instant]: std::time::Instant
    pub fn get_presentation_timestamp(&self) -> PresentationTimestamp {
        DynContext::adapter_get_presentation_timestamp(&*self.context, &self.id, self.data.as_ref())
    }
}

impl Device {
    /// Check for resource cleanups and mapping callbacks. Will block if [`Maintain::Wait`] is passed.
    ///
    /// Return `true` if the queue is empty, or `false` if there are more queue
    /// submissions still in flight. (Note that, unless access to the [`Queue`] is
    /// coordinated somehow, this information could be out of date by the time
    /// the caller receives it. `Queue`s can be shared between threads, so
    /// other threads could submit new work at any time.)
    ///
    /// When running on WebGPU, this is a no-op. `Device`s are automatically polled.
    pub fn poll(&self, maintain: Maintain) -> MaintainResult {
        DynContext::device_poll(&*self.context, &self.id, self.data.as_ref(), maintain)
    }

    /// The features which can be used on this device.
    ///
    /// No additional features can be used, even if the underlying adapter can support them.
    pub fn features(&self) -> Features {
        DynContext::device_features(&*self.context, &self.id, self.data.as_ref())
    }

    /// The limits which can be used on this device.
    ///
    /// No better limits can be used, even if the underlying adapter can support them.
    pub fn limits(&self) -> Limits {
        DynContext::device_limits(&*self.context, &self.id, self.data.as_ref())
    }

    /// Creates a shader module from either SPIR-V or WGSL source code.
    ///
    /// <div class="warning">
    // NOTE: Keep this in sync with `naga::front::wgsl::parse_str`!
    // NOTE: Keep this in sync with `wgpu_core::Global::device_create_shader_module`!
    ///
    /// This function may consume a lot of stack space. Compiler-enforced limits for parsing
    /// recursion exist; if shader compilation runs into them, it will return an error gracefully.
    /// However, on some build profiles and platforms, the default stack size for a thread may be
    /// exceeded before this limit is reached during parsing. Callers should ensure that there is
    /// enough stack space for this, particularly if calls to this method are exposed to user
    /// input.
    ///
    /// </div>
    pub fn create_shader_module(&self, desc: ShaderModuleDescriptor<'_>) -> ShaderModule {
        let (id, data) = DynContext::device_create_shader_module(
            &*self.context,
            &self.id,
            self.data.as_ref(),
            desc,
            wgt::ShaderBoundChecks::new(),
        );
        ShaderModule {
            context: Arc::clone(&self.context),
            id,
            data,
        }
    }

    /// Creates a shader module from either SPIR-V or WGSL source code without runtime checks.
    ///
    /// # Safety
    /// In contrast with [`create_shader_module`](Self::create_shader_module) this function
    /// creates a shader module without runtime checks which allows shaders to perform
    /// operations which can lead to undefined behavior like indexing out of bounds, thus it's
    /// the caller responsibility to pass a shader which doesn't perform any of this
    /// operations.
    ///
    /// This has no effect on web.
    pub unsafe fn create_shader_module_unchecked(
        &self,
        desc: ShaderModuleDescriptor<'_>,
    ) -> ShaderModule {
        let (id, data) = DynContext::device_create_shader_module(
            &*self.context,
            &self.id,
            self.data.as_ref(),
            desc,
            unsafe { wgt::ShaderBoundChecks::unchecked() },
        );
        ShaderModule {
            context: Arc::clone(&self.context),
            id,
            data,
        }
    }

    /// Creates a shader module from SPIR-V binary directly.
    ///
    /// # Safety
    ///
    /// This function passes binary data to the backend as-is and can potentially result in a
    /// driver crash or bogus behaviour. No attempt is made to ensure that data is valid SPIR-V.
    ///
    /// See also [`include_spirv_raw!`] and [`util::make_spirv_raw`].
    pub unsafe fn create_shader_module_spirv(
        &self,
        desc: &ShaderModuleDescriptorSpirV<'_>,
    ) -> ShaderModule {
        let (id, data) = unsafe {
            DynContext::device_create_shader_module_spirv(
                &*self.context,
                &self.id,
                self.data.as_ref(),
                desc,
            )
        };
        ShaderModule {
            context: Arc::clone(&self.context),
            id,
            data,
        }
    }

    /// Creates an empty [`CommandEncoder`].
    pub fn create_command_encoder(&self, desc: &CommandEncoderDescriptor<'_>) -> CommandEncoder {
        let (id, data) = DynContext::device_create_command_encoder(
            &*self.context,
            &self.id,
            self.data.as_ref(),
            desc,
        );
        CommandEncoder {
            context: Arc::clone(&self.context),
            id: Some(id),
            data,
        }
    }

    /// Creates an empty [`RenderBundleEncoder`].
    pub fn create_render_bundle_encoder(
        &self,
        desc: &RenderBundleEncoderDescriptor<'_>,
    ) -> RenderBundleEncoder<'_> {
        let (id, data) = DynContext::device_create_render_bundle_encoder(
            &*self.context,
            &self.id,
            self.data.as_ref(),
            desc,
        );
        RenderBundleEncoder {
            context: Arc::clone(&self.context),
            id,
            data,
            parent: self,
            _p: Default::default(),
        }
    }

    /// Creates a new [`BindGroup`].
    pub fn create_bind_group(&self, desc: &BindGroupDescriptor<'_>) -> BindGroup {
        let (id, data) = DynContext::device_create_bind_group(
            &*self.context,
            &self.id,
            self.data.as_ref(),
            desc,
        );
        BindGroup {
            context: Arc::clone(&self.context),
            id,
            data,
        }
    }

    /// Creates a [`BindGroupLayout`].
    pub fn create_bind_group_layout(
        &self,
        desc: &BindGroupLayoutDescriptor<'_>,
    ) -> BindGroupLayout {
        let (id, data) = DynContext::device_create_bind_group_layout(
            &*self.context,
            &self.id,
            self.data.as_ref(),
            desc,
        );
        BindGroupLayout {
            context: Arc::clone(&self.context),
            id,
            data,
        }
    }

    /// Creates a [`PipelineLayout`].
    pub fn create_pipeline_layout(&self, desc: &PipelineLayoutDescriptor<'_>) -> PipelineLayout {
        let (id, data) = DynContext::device_create_pipeline_layout(
            &*self.context,
            &self.id,
            self.data.as_ref(),
            desc,
        );
        PipelineLayout {
            context: Arc::clone(&self.context),
            id,
            data,
        }
    }

    /// Creates a [`RenderPipeline`].
    pub fn create_render_pipeline(&self, desc: &RenderPipelineDescriptor<'_>) -> RenderPipeline {
        let (id, data) = DynContext::device_create_render_pipeline(
            &*self.context,
            &self.id,
            self.data.as_ref(),
            desc,
        );
        RenderPipeline {
            context: Arc::clone(&self.context),
            id,
            data,
        }
    }

    /// Creates a [`ComputePipeline`].
    pub fn create_compute_pipeline(&self, desc: &ComputePipelineDescriptor<'_>) -> ComputePipeline {
        let (id, data) = DynContext::device_create_compute_pipeline(
            &*self.context,
            &self.id,
            self.data.as_ref(),
            desc,
        );
        ComputePipeline {
            context: Arc::clone(&self.context),
            id,
            data,
        }
    }

    /// Creates a [`Buffer`].
    pub fn create_buffer(&self, desc: &BufferDescriptor<'_>) -> Buffer {
        let mut map_context = MapContext::new(desc.size);
        if desc.mapped_at_creation {
            map_context.initial_range = 0..desc.size;
        }

        let (id, data) =
            DynContext::device_create_buffer(&*self.context, &self.id, self.data.as_ref(), desc);

        Buffer {
            context: Arc::clone(&self.context),
            id,
            data,
            map_context: Mutex::new(map_context),
            size: desc.size,
            usage: desc.usage,
        }
    }

    /// Creates a new [`Texture`].
    ///
    /// `desc` specifies the general format of the texture.
    pub fn create_texture(&self, desc: &TextureDescriptor<'_>) -> Texture {
        let (id, data) =
            DynContext::device_create_texture(&*self.context, &self.id, self.data.as_ref(), desc);
        Texture {
            context: Arc::clone(&self.context),
            id,
            data,
            owned: true,
            descriptor: TextureDescriptor {
                label: None,
                view_formats: &[],
                ..desc.clone()
            },
        }
    }

    /// Creates a [`Texture`] from a wgpu-hal Texture.
    ///
    /// # Safety
    ///
    /// - `hal_texture` must be created from this device internal handle
    /// - `hal_texture` must be created respecting `desc`
    /// - `hal_texture` must be initialized
    #[cfg(wgpu_core)]
    pub unsafe fn create_texture_from_hal<A: wgc::hal_api::HalApi>(
        &self,
        hal_texture: A::Texture,
        desc: &TextureDescriptor<'_>,
    ) -> Texture {
        let texture = unsafe {
            self.context
                .as_any()
                .downcast_ref::<crate::backend::ContextWgpuCore>()
                // Part of the safety requirements is that the texture was generated from the same hal device.
                // Therefore, unwrap is fine here since only WgpuCoreContext has the ability to create hal textures.
                .unwrap()
                .create_texture_from_hal::<A>(
                    hal_texture,
                    self.data.as_ref().downcast_ref().unwrap(),
                    desc,
                )
        };
        Texture {
            context: Arc::clone(&self.context),
            id: ObjectId::from(texture.id()),
            data: Box::new(texture),
            owned: true,
            descriptor: TextureDescriptor {
                label: None,
                view_formats: &[],
                ..desc.clone()
            },
        }
    }

    /// Creates a [`Buffer`] from a wgpu-hal Buffer.
    ///
    /// # Safety
    ///
    /// - `hal_buffer` must be created from this device internal handle
    /// - `hal_buffer` must be created respecting `desc`
    /// - `hal_buffer` must be initialized
    #[cfg(wgpu_core)]
    pub unsafe fn create_buffer_from_hal<A: wgc::hal_api::HalApi>(
        &self,
        hal_buffer: A::Buffer,
        desc: &BufferDescriptor<'_>,
    ) -> Buffer {
        let mut map_context = MapContext::new(desc.size);
        if desc.mapped_at_creation {
            map_context.initial_range = 0..desc.size;
        }

        let (id, buffer) = unsafe {
            self.context
                .as_any()
                .downcast_ref::<crate::backend::ContextWgpuCore>()
                // Part of the safety requirements is that the buffer was generated from the same hal device.
                // Therefore, unwrap is fine here since only WgpuCoreContext has the ability to create hal buffers.
                .unwrap()
                .create_buffer_from_hal::<A>(
                    hal_buffer,
                    self.data.as_ref().downcast_ref().unwrap(),
                    desc,
                )
        };

        Buffer {
            context: Arc::clone(&self.context),
            id: ObjectId::from(id),
            data: Box::new(buffer),
            map_context: Mutex::new(map_context),
            size: desc.size,
            usage: desc.usage,
        }
    }

    /// Creates a new [`Sampler`].
    ///
    /// `desc` specifies the behavior of the sampler.
    pub fn create_sampler(&self, desc: &SamplerDescriptor<'_>) -> Sampler {
        let (id, data) =
            DynContext::device_create_sampler(&*self.context, &self.id, self.data.as_ref(), desc);
        Sampler {
            context: Arc::clone(&self.context),
            id,
            data,
        }
    }

    /// Creates a new [`QuerySet`].
    pub fn create_query_set(&self, desc: &QuerySetDescriptor<'_>) -> QuerySet {
        let (id, data) =
            DynContext::device_create_query_set(&*self.context, &self.id, self.data.as_ref(), desc);
        QuerySet {
            context: Arc::clone(&self.context),
            id,
            data,
        }
    }

    /// Set a callback for errors that are not handled in error scopes.
    pub fn on_uncaptured_error(&self, handler: Box<dyn UncapturedErrorHandler>) {
        self.context
            .device_on_uncaptured_error(&self.id, self.data.as_ref(), handler);
    }

    /// Push an error scope.
    pub fn push_error_scope(&self, filter: ErrorFilter) {
        self.context
            .device_push_error_scope(&self.id, self.data.as_ref(), filter);
    }

    /// Pop an error scope.
    pub fn pop_error_scope(&self) -> impl Future<Output = Option<Error>> + WasmNotSend {
        self.context
            .device_pop_error_scope(&self.id, self.data.as_ref())
    }

    /// Starts frame capture.
    pub fn start_capture(&self) {
        DynContext::device_start_capture(&*self.context, &self.id, self.data.as_ref())
    }

    /// Stops frame capture.
    pub fn stop_capture(&self) {
        DynContext::device_stop_capture(&*self.context, &self.id, self.data.as_ref())
    }

    /// Apply a callback to this `Device`'s underlying backend device.
    ///
    /// If this `Device` is implemented by the backend API given by `A` (Vulkan,
    /// Dx12, etc.), then apply `hal_device_callback` to `Some(&device)`, where
    /// `device` is the underlying backend device type, [`A::Device`].
    ///
    /// If this `Device` uses a different backend, apply `hal_device_callback`
    /// to `None`.
    ///
    /// The device is locked for reading while `hal_device_callback` runs. If
    /// the callback attempts to perform any `wgpu` operations that require
    /// write access to the device (destroying a buffer, say), deadlock will
    /// occur. The locks are automatically released when the callback returns.
    ///
    /// # Safety
    ///
    /// - The raw handle passed to the callback must not be manually destroyed.
    ///
    /// [`A::Device`]: hal::Api::Device
    #[cfg(wgpu_core)]
    pub unsafe fn as_hal<A: wgc::hal_api::HalApi, F: FnOnce(Option<&A::Device>) -> R, R>(
        &self,
        hal_device_callback: F,
    ) -> Option<R> {
        self.context
            .as_any()
            .downcast_ref::<crate::backend::ContextWgpuCore>()
            .map(|ctx| unsafe {
                ctx.device_as_hal::<A, F, R>(
                    self.data.as_ref().downcast_ref().unwrap(),
                    hal_device_callback,
                )
            })
    }

    /// Destroy this device.
    pub fn destroy(&self) {
        DynContext::device_destroy(&*self.context, &self.id, self.data.as_ref())
    }

    /// Set a DeviceLostCallback on this device.
    pub fn set_device_lost_callback(
        &self,
        callback: impl Fn(DeviceLostReason, String) + Send + 'static,
    ) {
        DynContext::device_set_device_lost_callback(
            &*self.context,
            &self.id,
            self.data.as_ref(),
            Box::new(callback),
        )
    }

    /// Test-only function to make this device invalid.
    #[doc(hidden)]
    pub fn make_invalid(&self) {
        DynContext::device_make_invalid(&*self.context, &self.id, self.data.as_ref())
    }
}

impl Drop for Device {
    fn drop(&mut self) {
        if !thread::panicking() {
            self.context.device_drop(&self.id, self.data.as_ref());
        }
    }
}

/// Requesting a device from an [`Adapter`] failed.
#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
pub struct RequestDeviceError {
    inner: RequestDeviceErrorKind,
}
#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
enum RequestDeviceErrorKind {
    /// Error from [`wgpu_core`].
    // must match dependency cfg
    #[cfg(wgpu_core)]
    Core(wgc::instance::RequestDeviceError),

    /// Error from web API that was called by `wgpu` to request a device.
    ///
    /// (This is currently never used by the webgl backend, but it could be.)
    #[cfg(webgpu)]
    WebGpu(wasm_bindgen::JsValue),
}

#[cfg(send_sync)]
unsafe impl Send for RequestDeviceErrorKind {}
#[cfg(send_sync)]
unsafe impl Sync for RequestDeviceErrorKind {}

#[cfg(send_sync)]
static_assertions::assert_impl_all!(RequestDeviceError: Send, Sync);

impl fmt::Display for RequestDeviceError {
    fn fmt(&self, _f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        match &self.inner {
            #[cfg(wgpu_core)]
            RequestDeviceErrorKind::Core(error) => error.fmt(_f),
            #[cfg(webgpu)]
            RequestDeviceErrorKind::WebGpu(error_js_value) => {
                // wasm-bindgen provides a reasonable error stringification via `Debug` impl
                write!(_f, "{error_js_value:?}")
            }
            #[cfg(not(any(webgpu, wgpu_core)))]
            _ => unimplemented!("unknown `RequestDeviceErrorKind`"),
        }
    }
}

impl error::Error for RequestDeviceError {
    fn source(&self) -> Option<&(dyn error::Error + 'static)> {
        match &self.inner {
            #[cfg(wgpu_core)]
            RequestDeviceErrorKind::Core(error) => error.source(),
            #[cfg(webgpu)]
            RequestDeviceErrorKind::WebGpu(_) => None,
            #[cfg(not(any(webgpu, wgpu_core)))]
            _ => unimplemented!("unknown `RequestDeviceErrorKind`"),
        }
    }
}

#[cfg(wgpu_core)]
impl From<wgc::instance::RequestDeviceError> for RequestDeviceError {
    fn from(error: wgc::instance::RequestDeviceError) -> Self {
        Self {
            inner: RequestDeviceErrorKind::Core(error),
        }
    }
}

/// [`Instance::create_surface()`] or a related function failed.
#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
#[non_exhaustive]
pub struct CreateSurfaceError {
    inner: CreateSurfaceErrorKind,
}
#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
enum CreateSurfaceErrorKind {
    /// Error from [`wgpu_hal`].
    #[cfg(wgpu_core)]
    Hal(wgc::instance::CreateSurfaceError),

    /// Error from WebGPU surface creation.
    #[allow(dead_code)] // may be unused depending on target and features
    Web(String),

    /// Error when trying to get a [`DisplayHandle`] or a [`WindowHandle`] from
    /// `raw_window_handle`.
    RawHandle(raw_window_handle::HandleError),
}
static_assertions::assert_impl_all!(CreateSurfaceError: Send, Sync);

impl fmt::Display for CreateSurfaceError {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        match &self.inner {
            #[cfg(wgpu_core)]
            CreateSurfaceErrorKind::Hal(e) => e.fmt(f),
            CreateSurfaceErrorKind::Web(e) => e.fmt(f),
            CreateSurfaceErrorKind::RawHandle(e) => e.fmt(f),
        }
    }
}

impl error::Error for CreateSurfaceError {
    fn source(&self) -> Option<&(dyn error::Error + 'static)> {
        match &self.inner {
            #[cfg(wgpu_core)]
            CreateSurfaceErrorKind::Hal(e) => e.source(),
            CreateSurfaceErrorKind::Web(_) => None,
            CreateSurfaceErrorKind::RawHandle(e) => e.source(),
        }
    }
}

#[cfg(wgpu_core)]
impl From<wgc::instance::CreateSurfaceError> for CreateSurfaceError {
    fn from(e: wgc::instance::CreateSurfaceError) -> Self {
        Self {
            inner: CreateSurfaceErrorKind::Hal(e),
        }
    }
}

/// Error occurred when trying to async map a buffer.
#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
pub struct BufferAsyncError;
static_assertions::assert_impl_all!(BufferAsyncError: Send, Sync);

impl fmt::Display for BufferAsyncError {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "Error occurred when trying to async map a buffer")
    }
}

impl error::Error for BufferAsyncError {}

/// Type of buffer mapping.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Eq, PartialEq)]
pub enum MapMode {
    /// Map only for reading
    Read,
    /// Map only for writing
    Write,
}
static_assertions::assert_impl_all!(MapMode: Send, Sync);

fn range_to_offset_size<S: RangeBounds<BufferAddress>>(
    bounds: S,
) -> (BufferAddress, Option<BufferSize>) {
    let offset = match bounds.start_bound() {
        Bound::Included(&bound) => bound,
        Bound::Excluded(&bound) => bound + 1,
        Bound::Unbounded => 0,
    };
    let size = match bounds.end_bound() {
        Bound::Included(&bound) => Some(bound + 1 - offset),
        Bound::Excluded(&bound) => Some(bound - offset),
        Bound::Unbounded => None,
    }
    .map(|size| BufferSize::new(size).expect("Buffer slices can not be empty"));

    (offset, size)
}

/// Read only view into a mapped buffer.
///
/// To get a `BufferView`, first [map] the buffer, and then
/// call `buffer.slice(range).get_mapped_range()`.
///
/// `BufferView` dereferences to `&[u8]`, so you can use all the usual Rust
/// slice methods to access the buffer's contents. It also implements
/// `AsRef<[u8]>`, if that's more convenient.
///
/// If you try to create overlapping views of a buffer, mutable or
/// otherwise, `get_mapped_range` will panic.
///
/// [map]: Buffer#mapping-buffers
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct BufferView<'a> {
    slice: BufferSlice<'a>,
    data: Box<dyn crate::context::BufferMappedRange>,
}

/// Write only view into mapped buffer.
///
/// To get a `BufferViewMut`, first [map] the buffer, and then
/// call `buffer.slice(range).get_mapped_range_mut()`.
///
/// `BufferViewMut` dereferences to `&mut [u8]`, so you can use all the usual
/// Rust slice methods to access the buffer's contents. It also implements
/// `AsMut<[u8]>`, if that's more convenient.
///
/// It is possible to read the buffer using this view, but doing so is not
/// recommended, as it is likely to be slow.
///
/// If you try to create overlapping views of a buffer, mutable or
/// otherwise, `get_mapped_range_mut` will panic.
///
/// [map]: Buffer#mapping-buffers
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct BufferViewMut<'a> {
    slice: BufferSlice<'a>,
    data: Box<dyn crate::context::BufferMappedRange>,
    readable: bool,
}

impl std::ops::Deref for BufferView<'_> {
    type Target = [u8];

    #[inline]
    fn deref(&self) -> &[u8] {
        self.data.slice()
    }
}

impl AsRef<[u8]> for BufferView<'_> {
    #[inline]
    fn as_ref(&self) -> &[u8] {
        self.data.slice()
    }
}

impl AsMut<[u8]> for BufferViewMut<'_> {
    #[inline]
    fn as_mut(&mut self) -> &mut [u8] {
        self.data.slice_mut()
    }
}

impl Deref for BufferViewMut<'_> {
    type Target = [u8];

    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
        if !self.readable {
            log::warn!("Reading from a BufferViewMut is slow and not recommended.");
        }

        self.data.slice()
    }
}

impl DerefMut for BufferViewMut<'_> {
    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
        self.data.slice_mut()
    }
}

impl Drop for BufferView<'_> {
    fn drop(&mut self) {
        self.slice
            .buffer
            .map_context
            .lock()
            .remove(self.slice.offset, self.slice.size);
    }
}

impl Drop for BufferViewMut<'_> {
    fn drop(&mut self) {
        self.slice
            .buffer
            .map_context
            .lock()
            .remove(self.slice.offset, self.slice.size);
    }
}

impl Buffer {
    /// Return the binding view of the entire buffer.
    pub fn as_entire_binding(&self) -> BindingResource<'_> {
        BindingResource::Buffer(self.as_entire_buffer_binding())
    }

    /// Return the binding view of the entire buffer.
    pub fn as_entire_buffer_binding(&self) -> BufferBinding<'_> {
        BufferBinding {
            buffer: self,
            offset: 0,
            size: None,
        }
    }

    /// Use only a portion of this Buffer for a given operation. Choosing a range with no end
    /// will use the rest of the buffer. Using a totally unbounded range will use the entire buffer.
    pub fn slice<S: RangeBounds<BufferAddress>>(&self, bounds: S) -> BufferSlice<'_> {
        let (offset, size) = range_to_offset_size(bounds);
        BufferSlice {
            buffer: self,
            offset,
            size,
        }
    }

    /// Flushes any pending write operations and unmaps the buffer from host memory.
    pub fn unmap(&self) {
        self.map_context.lock().reset();
        DynContext::buffer_unmap(&*self.context, &self.id, self.data.as_ref());
    }

    /// Destroy the associated native resources as soon as possible.
    pub fn destroy(&self) {
        DynContext::buffer_destroy(&*self.context, &self.id, self.data.as_ref());
    }

    /// Returns the length of the buffer allocation in bytes.
    ///
    /// This is always equal to the `size` that was specified when creating the buffer.
    pub fn size(&self) -> BufferAddress {
        self.size
    }

    /// Returns the allowed usages for this `Buffer`.
    ///
    /// This is always equal to the `usage` that was specified when creating the buffer.
    pub fn usage(&self) -> BufferUsages {
        self.usage
    }
}

impl<'a> BufferSlice<'a> {
    /// Map the buffer. Buffer is ready to map once the callback is called.
    ///
    /// For the callback to complete, either `queue.submit(..)`, `instance.poll_all(..)`, or `device.poll(..)`
    /// must be called elsewhere in the runtime, possibly integrated into an event loop or run on a separate thread.
    ///
    /// The callback will be called on the thread that first calls the above functions after the gpu work
    /// has completed. There are no restrictions on the code you can run in the callback, however on native the
    /// call to the function will not complete until the callback returns, so prefer keeping callbacks short
    /// and used to set flags, send messages, etc.
    pub fn map_async(
        &self,
        mode: MapMode,
        callback: impl FnOnce(Result<(), BufferAsyncError>) + WasmNotSend + 'static,
    ) {
        let mut mc = self.buffer.map_context.lock();
        assert_eq!(
            mc.initial_range,
            0..0,
            "Buffer {:?} is already mapped",
            self.buffer.id
        );
        let end = match self.size {
            Some(s) => self.offset + s.get(),
            None => mc.total_size,
        };
        mc.initial_range = self.offset..end;

        DynContext::buffer_map_async(
            &*self.buffer.context,
            &self.buffer.id,
            self.buffer.data.as_ref(),
            mode,
            self.offset..end,
            Box::new(callback),
        )
    }

    /// Synchronously and immediately map a buffer for reading. If the buffer is not immediately mappable
    /// through [`BufferDescriptor::mapped_at_creation`] or [`BufferSlice::map_async`], will panic.
    pub fn get_mapped_range(&self) -> BufferView<'a> {
        let end = self.buffer.map_context.lock().add(self.offset, self.size);
        let data = DynContext::buffer_get_mapped_range(
            &*self.buffer.context,
            &self.buffer.id,
            self.buffer.data.as_ref(),
            self.offset..end,
        );
        BufferView { slice: *self, data }
    }

    /// Synchronously and immediately map a buffer for reading. If the buffer is not immediately mappable
    /// through [`BufferDescriptor::mapped_at_creation`] or [`BufferSlice::map_async`], will fail.
    ///
    /// This is useful when targeting WebGPU and you want to pass mapped data directly to js.
    /// Unlike `get_mapped_range` which unconditionally copies mapped data into the wasm heap,
    /// this function directly hands you the ArrayBuffer that we mapped the data into in js.
    ///
    /// This is only available on WebGPU, on any other backends this will return `None`.
    #[cfg(webgpu)]
    pub fn get_mapped_range_as_array_buffer(&self) -> Option<js_sys::ArrayBuffer> {
        self.buffer
            .context
            .as_any()
            .downcast_ref::<crate::backend::ContextWebGpu>()
            .map(|ctx| {
                let buffer_data = crate::context::downcast_ref(self.buffer.data.as_ref());
                let end = self.buffer.map_context.lock().add(self.offset, self.size);
                ctx.buffer_get_mapped_range_as_array_buffer(buffer_data, self.offset..end)
            })
    }

    /// Synchronously and immediately map a buffer for writing. If the buffer is not immediately mappable
    /// through [`BufferDescriptor::mapped_at_creation`] or [`BufferSlice::map_async`], will panic.
    pub fn get_mapped_range_mut(&self) -> BufferViewMut<'a> {
        let end = self.buffer.map_context.lock().add(self.offset, self.size);
        let data = DynContext::buffer_get_mapped_range(
            &*self.buffer.context,
            &self.buffer.id,
            self.buffer.data.as_ref(),
            self.offset..end,
        );
        BufferViewMut {
            slice: *self,
            data,
            readable: self.buffer.usage.contains(BufferUsages::MAP_READ),
        }
    }
}

impl Drop for Buffer {
    fn drop(&mut self) {
        if !thread::panicking() {
            self.context.buffer_drop(&self.id, self.data.as_ref());
        }
    }
}

impl Texture {
    /// Returns the inner hal Texture using a callback. The hal texture will be `None` if the
    /// backend type argument does not match with this wgpu Texture
    ///
    /// # Safety
    ///
    /// - The raw handle obtained from the hal Texture must not be manually destroyed
    #[cfg(wgpu_core)]
    pub unsafe fn as_hal<A: wgc::hal_api::HalApi, F: FnOnce(Option<&A::Texture>) -> R, R>(
        &self,
        hal_texture_callback: F,
    ) -> R {
        let texture = self.data.as_ref().downcast_ref().unwrap();

        if let Some(ctx) = self
            .context
            .as_any()
            .downcast_ref::<crate::backend::ContextWgpuCore>()
        {
            unsafe { ctx.texture_as_hal::<A, F, R>(texture, hal_texture_callback) }
        } else {
            hal_texture_callback(None)
        }
    }

    /// Creates a view of this texture.
    pub fn create_view(&self, desc: &TextureViewDescriptor<'_>) -> TextureView {
        let (id, data) =
            DynContext::texture_create_view(&*self.context, &self.id, self.data.as_ref(), desc);
        TextureView {
            context: Arc::clone(&self.context),
            id,
            data,
        }
    }

    /// Destroy the associated native resources as soon as possible.
    pub fn destroy(&self) {
        DynContext::texture_destroy(&*self.context, &self.id, self.data.as_ref());
    }

    /// Make an `ImageCopyTexture` representing the whole texture.
    pub fn as_image_copy(&self) -> ImageCopyTexture<'_> {
        ImageCopyTexture {
            texture: self,
            mip_level: 0,
            origin: Origin3d::ZERO,
            aspect: TextureAspect::All,
        }
    }

    /// Returns the size of this `Texture`.
    ///
    /// This is always equal to the `size` that was specified when creating the texture.
    pub fn size(&self) -> Extent3d {
        self.descriptor.size
    }

    /// Returns the width of this `Texture`.
    ///
    /// This is always equal to the `size.width` that was specified when creating the texture.
    pub fn width(&self) -> u32 {
        self.descriptor.size.width
    }

    /// Returns the height of this `Texture`.
    ///
    /// This is always equal to the `size.height` that was specified when creating the texture.
    pub fn height(&self) -> u32 {
        self.descriptor.size.height
    }

    /// Returns the depth or layer count of this `Texture`.
    ///
    /// This is always equal to the `size.depth_or_array_layers` that was specified when creating the texture.
    pub fn depth_or_array_layers(&self) -> u32 {
        self.descriptor.size.depth_or_array_layers
    }

    /// Returns the mip_level_count of this `Texture`.
    ///
    /// This is always equal to the `mip_level_count` that was specified when creating the texture.
    pub fn mip_level_count(&self) -> u32 {
        self.descriptor.mip_level_count
    }

    /// Returns the sample_count of this `Texture`.
    ///
    /// This is always equal to the `sample_count` that was specified when creating the texture.
    pub fn sample_count(&self) -> u32 {
        self.descriptor.sample_count
    }

    /// Returns the dimension of this `Texture`.
    ///
    /// This is always equal to the `dimension` that was specified when creating the texture.
    pub fn dimension(&self) -> TextureDimension {
        self.descriptor.dimension
    }

    /// Returns the format of this `Texture`.
    ///
    /// This is always equal to the `format` that was specified when creating the texture.
    pub fn format(&self) -> TextureFormat {
        self.descriptor.format
    }

    /// Returns the allowed usages of this `Texture`.
    ///
    /// This is always equal to the `usage` that was specified when creating the texture.
    pub fn usage(&self) -> TextureUsages {
        self.descriptor.usage
    }
}

impl Drop for Texture {
    fn drop(&mut self) {
        if self.owned && !thread::panicking() {
            self.context.texture_drop(&self.id, self.data.as_ref());
        }
    }
}

impl Drop for TextureView {
    fn drop(&mut self) {
        if !thread::panicking() {
            self.context.texture_view_drop(&self.id, self.data.as_ref());
        }
    }
}

impl CommandEncoder {
    /// Finishes recording and returns a [`CommandBuffer`] that can be submitted for execution.
    pub fn finish(mut self) -> CommandBuffer {
        let (id, data) = DynContext::command_encoder_finish(
            &*self.context,
            self.id.take().unwrap(),
            self.data.as_mut(),
        );
        CommandBuffer {
            context: Arc::clone(&self.context),
            id: Some(id),
            data: Some(data),
        }
    }

    /// Begins recording of a render pass.
    ///
    /// This function returns a [`RenderPass`] object which records a single render pass.
    pub fn begin_render_pass<'pass>(
        &'pass mut self,
        desc: &RenderPassDescriptor<'pass, '_>,
    ) -> RenderPass<'pass> {
        let id = self.id.as_ref().unwrap();
        let (id, data) = DynContext::command_encoder_begin_render_pass(
            &*self.context,
            id,
            self.data.as_ref(),
            desc,
        );
        RenderPass {
            id,
            data,
            parent: self,
        }
    }

    /// Begins recording of a compute pass.
    ///
    /// This function returns a [`ComputePass`] object which records a single compute pass.
    pub fn begin_compute_pass(&mut self, desc: &ComputePassDescriptor<'_>) -> ComputePass<'_> {
        let id = self.id.as_ref().unwrap();
        let (id, data) = DynContext::command_encoder_begin_compute_pass(
            &*self.context,
            id,
            self.data.as_ref(),
            desc,
        );
        ComputePass {
            id,
            data,
            parent: self,
        }
    }

    /// Copy data from one buffer to another.
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// - Buffer offsets or copy size not a multiple of [`COPY_BUFFER_ALIGNMENT`].
    /// - Copy would overrun buffer.
    /// - Copy within the same buffer.
    pub fn copy_buffer_to_buffer(
        &mut self,
        source: &Buffer,
        source_offset: BufferAddress,
        destination: &Buffer,
        destination_offset: BufferAddress,
        copy_size: BufferAddress,
    ) {
        DynContext::command_encoder_copy_buffer_to_buffer(
            &*self.context,
            self.id.as_ref().unwrap(),
            self.data.as_ref(),
            &source.id,
            source.data.as_ref(),
            source_offset,
            &destination.id,
            destination.data.as_ref(),
            destination_offset,
            copy_size,
        );
    }

    /// Copy data from a buffer to a texture.
    pub fn copy_buffer_to_texture(
        &mut self,
        source: ImageCopyBuffer<'_>,
        destination: ImageCopyTexture<'_>,
        copy_size: Extent3d,
    ) {
        DynContext::command_encoder_copy_buffer_to_texture(
            &*self.context,
            self.id.as_ref().unwrap(),
            self.data.as_ref(),
            source,
            destination,
            copy_size,
        );
    }

    /// Copy data from a texture to a buffer.
    pub fn copy_texture_to_buffer(
        &mut self,
        source: ImageCopyTexture<'_>,
        destination: ImageCopyBuffer<'_>,
        copy_size: Extent3d,
    ) {
        DynContext::command_encoder_copy_texture_to_buffer(
            &*self.context,
            self.id.as_ref().unwrap(),
            self.data.as_ref(),
            source,
            destination,
            copy_size,
        );
    }

    /// Copy data from one texture to another.
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// - Textures are not the same type
    /// - If a depth texture, or a multisampled texture, the entire texture must be copied
    /// - Copy would overrun either texture
    pub fn copy_texture_to_texture(
        &mut self,
        source: ImageCopyTexture<'_>,
        destination: ImageCopyTexture<'_>,
        copy_size: Extent3d,
    ) {
        DynContext::command_encoder_copy_texture_to_texture(
            &*self.context,
            self.id.as_ref().unwrap(),
            self.data.as_ref(),
            source,
            destination,
            copy_size,
        );
    }

    /// Clears texture to zero.
    ///
    /// Note that unlike with clear_buffer, `COPY_DST` usage is not required.
    ///
    /// # Implementation notes
    ///
    /// - implemented either via buffer copies and render/depth target clear, path depends on texture usages
    /// - behaves like texture zero init, but is performed immediately (clearing is *not* delayed via marking it as uninitialized)
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// - `CLEAR_TEXTURE` extension not enabled
    /// - Range is out of bounds
    pub fn clear_texture(&mut self, texture: &Texture, subresource_range: &ImageSubresourceRange) {
        DynContext::command_encoder_clear_texture(
            &*self.context,
            self.id.as_ref().unwrap(),
            self.data.as_ref(),
            texture,
            subresource_range,
        );
    }

    /// Clears buffer to zero.
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// - Buffer does not have `COPY_DST` usage.
    /// - Range is out of bounds
    pub fn clear_buffer(
        &mut self,
        buffer: &Buffer,
        offset: BufferAddress,
        size: Option<BufferAddress>,
    ) {
        DynContext::command_encoder_clear_buffer(
            &*self.context,
            self.id.as_ref().unwrap(),
            self.data.as_ref(),
            buffer,
            offset,
            size,
        );
    }

    /// Inserts debug marker.
    pub fn insert_debug_marker(&mut self, label: &str) {
        let id = self.id.as_ref().unwrap();
        DynContext::command_encoder_insert_debug_marker(
            &*self.context,
            id,
            self.data.as_ref(),
            label,
        );
    }

    /// Start record commands and group it into debug marker group.
    pub fn push_debug_group(&mut self, label: &str) {
        let id = self.id.as_ref().unwrap();
        DynContext::command_encoder_push_debug_group(&*self.context, id, self.data.as_ref(), label);
    }

    /// Stops command recording and creates debug group.
    pub fn pop_debug_group(&mut self) {
        let id = self.id.as_ref().unwrap();
        DynContext::command_encoder_pop_debug_group(&*self.context, id, self.data.as_ref());
    }

    /// Resolves a query set, writing the results into the supplied destination buffer.
    ///
    /// Occlusion and timestamp queries are 8 bytes each (see [`crate::QUERY_SIZE`]). For pipeline statistics queries,
    /// see [`PipelineStatisticsTypes`] for more information.
    pub fn resolve_query_set(
        &mut self,
        query_set: &QuerySet,
        query_range: Range<u32>,
        destination: &Buffer,
        destination_offset: BufferAddress,
    ) {
        DynContext::command_encoder_resolve_query_set(
            &*self.context,
            self.id.as_ref().unwrap(),
            self.data.as_ref(),
            &query_set.id,
            query_set.data.as_ref(),
            query_range.start,
            query_range.end - query_range.start,
            &destination.id,
            destination.data.as_ref(),
            destination_offset,
        )
    }

    /// Returns the inner hal CommandEncoder using a callback. The hal command encoder will be `None` if the
    /// backend type argument does not match with this wgpu CommandEncoder
    ///
    /// This method will start the wgpu_core level command recording.
    ///
    /// # Safety
    ///
    /// - The raw handle obtained from the hal CommandEncoder must not be manually destroyed
    #[cfg(wgpu_core)]
    pub unsafe fn as_hal_mut<
        A: wgc::hal_api::HalApi,
        F: FnOnce(Option<&mut A::CommandEncoder>) -> R,
        R,
    >(
        &mut self,
        hal_command_encoder_callback: F,
    ) -> Option<R> {
        use core::id::CommandEncoderId;

        self.context
            .as_any()
            .downcast_ref::<crate::backend::ContextWgpuCore>()
            .map(|ctx| unsafe {
                ctx.command_encoder_as_hal_mut::<A, F, R>(
                    CommandEncoderId::from(self.id.unwrap()),
                    hal_command_encoder_callback,
                )
            })
    }
}

/// [`Features::TIMESTAMP_QUERY_INSIDE_ENCODERS`] must be enabled on the device in order to call these functions.
impl CommandEncoder {
    /// Issue a timestamp command at this point in the queue.
    /// The timestamp will be written to the specified query set, at the specified index.
    ///
    /// Must be multiplied by [`Queue::get_timestamp_period`] to get
    /// the value in nanoseconds. Absolute values have no meaning,
    /// but timestamps can be subtracted to get the time it takes
    /// for a string of operations to complete.
    ///
    /// Attention: Since commands within a command recorder may be reordered,
    /// there is no strict guarantee that timestamps are taken after all commands
    /// recorded so far and all before all commands recorded after.
    /// This may depend both on the backend and the driver.
    pub fn write_timestamp(&mut self, query_set: &QuerySet, query_index: u32) {
        DynContext::command_encoder_write_timestamp(
            &*self.context,
            self.id.as_ref().unwrap(),
            self.data.as_mut(),
            &query_set.id,
            query_set.data.as_ref(),
            query_index,
        )
    }
}

impl<'a> RenderPass<'a> {
    /// Sets the active bind group for a given bind group index. The bind group layout
    /// in the active pipeline when any `draw_*()` method is called must match the layout of
    /// this bind group.
    ///
    /// If the bind group have dynamic offsets, provide them in binding order.
    /// These offsets have to be aligned to [`Limits::min_uniform_buffer_offset_alignment`]
    /// or [`Limits::min_storage_buffer_offset_alignment`] appropriately.
    ///
    /// Subsequent draw calls’ shader executions will be able to access data in these bind groups.
    pub fn set_bind_group(
        &mut self,
        index: u32,
        bind_group: &'a BindGroup,
        offsets: &[DynamicOffset],
    ) {
        DynContext::render_pass_set_bind_group(
            &*self.parent.context,
            &mut self.id,
            self.data.as_mut(),
            index,
            &bind_group.id,
            bind_group.data.as_ref(),
            offsets,
        )
    }

    /// Sets the active render pipeline.
    ///
    /// Subsequent draw calls will exhibit the behavior defined by `pipeline`.
    pub fn set_pipeline(&mut self, pipeline: &'a RenderPipeline) {
        DynContext::render_pass_set_pipeline(
            &*self.parent.context,
            &mut self.id,
            self.data.as_mut(),
            &pipeline.id,
            pipeline.data.as_ref(),
        )
    }

    /// Sets the blend color as used by some of the blending modes.
    ///
    /// Subsequent blending tests will test against this value.
    /// If this method has not been called, the blend constant defaults to [`Color::TRANSPARENT`]
    /// (all components zero).
    pub fn set_blend_constant(&mut self, color: Color) {
        DynContext::render_pass_set_blend_constant(
            &*self.parent.context,
            &mut self.id,
            self.data.as_mut(),
            color,
        )
    }

    /// Sets the active index buffer.
    ///
    /// Subsequent calls to [`draw_indexed`](RenderPass::draw_indexed) on this [`RenderPass`] will
    /// use `buffer` as the source index buffer.
    pub fn set_index_buffer(&mut self, buffer_slice: BufferSlice<'a>, index_format: IndexFormat) {
        DynContext::render_pass_set_index_buffer(
            &*self.parent.context,
            &mut self.id,
            self.data.as_mut(),
            &buffer_slice.buffer.id,
            buffer_slice.buffer.data.as_ref(),
            index_format,
            buffer_slice.offset,
            buffer_slice.size,
        )
    }

    /// Assign a vertex buffer to a slot.
    ///
    /// Subsequent calls to [`draw`] and [`draw_indexed`] on this
    /// [`RenderPass`] will use `buffer` as one of the source vertex buffers.
    ///
    /// The `slot` refers to the index of the matching descriptor in
    /// [`VertexState::buffers`].
    ///
    /// [`draw`]: RenderPass::draw
    /// [`draw_indexed`]: RenderPass::draw_indexed
    pub fn set_vertex_buffer(&mut self, slot: u32, buffer_slice: BufferSlice<'a>) {
        DynContext::render_pass_set_vertex_buffer(
            &*self.parent.context,
            &mut self.id,
            self.data.as_mut(),
            slot,
            &buffer_slice.buffer.id,
            buffer_slice.buffer.data.as_ref(),
            buffer_slice.offset,
            buffer_slice.size,
        )
    }

    /// Sets the scissor rectangle used during the rasterization stage.
    /// After transformation into [viewport coordinates](https://www.w3.org/TR/webgpu/#viewport-coordinates).
    ///
    /// Subsequent draw calls will discard any fragments which fall outside the scissor rectangle.
    /// If this method has not been called, the scissor rectangle defaults to the entire bounds of
    /// the render targets.
    ///
    /// The function of the scissor rectangle resembles [`set_viewport()`](Self::set_viewport),
    /// but it does not affect the coordinate system, only which fragments are discarded.
    pub fn set_scissor_rect(&mut self, x: u32, y: u32, width: u32, height: u32) {
        DynContext::render_pass_set_scissor_rect(
            &*self.parent.context,
            &mut self.id,
            self.data.as_mut(),
            x,
            y,
            width,
            height,
        );
    }

    /// Sets the viewport used during the rasterization stage to linearly map
    /// from [normalized device coordinates](https://www.w3.org/TR/webgpu/#ndc) to [viewport coordinates](https://www.w3.org/TR/webgpu/#viewport-coordinates).
    ///
    /// Subsequent draw calls will only draw within this region.
    /// If this method has not been called, the viewport defaults to the entire bounds of the render
    /// targets.
    pub fn set_viewport(&mut self, x: f32, y: f32, w: f32, h: f32, min_depth: f32, max_depth: f32) {
        DynContext::render_pass_set_viewport(
            &*self.parent.context,
            &mut self.id,
            self.data.as_mut(),
            x,
            y,
            w,
            h,
            min_depth,
            max_depth,
        );
    }

    /// Sets the stencil reference.
    ///
    /// Subsequent stencil tests will test against this value.
    /// If this method has not been called, the stencil reference value defaults to `0`.
    pub fn set_stencil_reference(&mut self, reference: u32) {
        DynContext::render_pass_set_stencil_reference(
            &*self.parent.context,
            &mut self.id,
            self.data.as_mut(),
            reference,
        );
    }

    /// Inserts debug marker.
    pub fn insert_debug_marker(&mut self, label: &str) {
        DynContext::render_pass_insert_debug_marker(
            &*self.parent.context,
            &mut self.id,
            self.data.as_mut(),
            label,
        );
    }

    /// Start record commands and group it into debug marker group.
    pub fn push_debug_group(&mut self, label: &str) {
        DynContext::render_pass_push_debug_group(
            &*self.parent.context,
            &mut self.id,
            self.data.as_mut(),
            label,
        );
    }

    /// Stops command recording and creates debug group.
    pub fn pop_debug_group(&mut self) {
        DynContext::render_pass_pop_debug_group(
            &*self.parent.context,
            &mut self.id,
            self.data.as_mut(),
        );
    }

    /// Draws primitives from the active vertex buffer(s).
    ///
    /// The active vertex buffer(s) can be set with [`RenderPass::set_vertex_buffer`].
    /// Does not use an Index Buffer. If you need this see [`RenderPass::draw_indexed`]
    ///
    /// Panics if vertices Range is outside of the range of the vertices range of any set vertex buffer.
    ///
    /// vertices: The range of vertices to draw.
    /// instances: Range of Instances to draw. Use 0..1 if instance buffers are not used.
    /// E.g.of how its used internally
    /// ```rust ignore
    /// for instance_id in instance_range {
    ///     for vertex_id in vertex_range {
    ///         let vertex = vertex[vertex_id];
    ///         vertex_shader(vertex, vertex_id, instance_id);
    ///     }
    /// }
    /// ```
    ///
    /// This drawing command uses the current render state, as set by preceding `set_*()` methods.
    /// It is not affected by changes to the state that are performed after it is called.
    pub fn draw(&mut self, vertices: Range<u32>, instances: Range<u32>) {
        DynContext::render_pass_draw(
            &*self.parent.context,
            &mut self.id,
            self.data.as_mut(),
            vertices,
            instances,
        )
    }

    /// Draws indexed primitives using the active index buffer and the active vertex buffers.
    ///
    /// The active index buffer can be set with [`RenderPass::set_index_buffer`]
    /// The active vertex buffers can be set with [`RenderPass::set_vertex_buffer`].
    ///
    /// Panics if indices Range is outside of the range of the indices range of any set index buffer.
    ///
    /// indices: The range of indices to draw.
    /// base_vertex: value added to each index value before indexing into the vertex buffers.
    /// instances: Range of Instances to draw. Use 0..1 if instance buffers are not used.
    /// E.g.of how its used internally
    /// ```rust ignore
    /// for instance_id in instance_range {
    ///     for index_index in index_range {
    ///         let vertex_id = index_buffer[index_index];
    ///         let adjusted_vertex_id = vertex_id + base_vertex;
    ///         let vertex = vertex[adjusted_vertex_id];
    ///         vertex_shader(vertex, adjusted_vertex_id, instance_id);
    ///     }
    /// }
    /// ```
    ///
    /// This drawing command uses the current render state, as set by preceding `set_*()` methods.
    /// It is not affected by changes to the state that are performed after it is called.
    pub fn draw_indexed(&mut self, indices: Range<u32>, base_vertex: i32, instances: Range<u32>) {
        DynContext::render_pass_draw_indexed(
            &*self.parent.context,
            &mut self.id,
            self.data.as_mut(),
            indices,
            base_vertex,
            instances,
        );
    }

    /// Draws primitives from the active vertex buffer(s) based on the contents of the `indirect_buffer`.
    ///
    /// This is like calling [`RenderPass::draw`] but the contents of the call are specified in the `indirect_buffer`.
    /// The structure expected in `indirect_buffer` must conform to [`DrawIndirectArgs`](crate::util::DrawIndirectArgs).
    ///
    /// Indirect drawing has some caveats depending on the features available. We are not currently able to validate
    /// these and issue an error.
    /// - If [`Features::INDIRECT_FIRST_INSTANCE`] is not present on the adapter,
    ///   [`DrawIndirect::first_instance`](crate::util::DrawIndirectArgs::first_instance) will be ignored.
    /// - If [`DownlevelFlags::VERTEX_AND_INSTANCE_INDEX_RESPECTS_RESPECTIVE_FIRST_VALUE_IN_INDIRECT_DRAW`] is not present on the adapter,
    ///   any use of `@builtin(vertex_index)` or `@builtin(instance_index)` in the vertex shader will have different values.
    ///
    /// See details on the individual flags for more information.
    pub fn draw_indirect(&mut self, indirect_buffer: &'a Buffer, indirect_offset: BufferAddress) {
        DynContext::render_pass_draw_indirect(
            &*self.parent.context,
            &mut self.id,
            self.data.as_mut(),
            &indirect_buffer.id,
            indirect_buffer.data.as_ref(),
            indirect_offset,
        );
    }

    /// Draws indexed primitives using the active index buffer and the active vertex buffers,
    /// based on the contents of the `indirect_buffer`.
    ///
    /// This is like calling [`RenderPass::draw_indexed`] but the contents of the call are specified in the `indirect_buffer`.
    /// The structure expected in `indirect_buffer` must conform to [`DrawIndexedIndirectArgs`](crate::util::DrawIndexedIndirectArgs).
    ///
    /// Indirect drawing has some caveats depending on the features available. We are not currently able to validate
    /// these and issue an error.
    /// - If [`Features::INDIRECT_FIRST_INSTANCE`] is not present on the adapter,
    ///   [`DrawIndexedIndirect::first_instance`](crate::util::DrawIndexedIndirectArgs::first_instance) will be ignored.
    /// - If [`DownlevelFlags::VERTEX_AND_INSTANCE_INDEX_RESPECTS_RESPECTIVE_FIRST_VALUE_IN_INDIRECT_DRAW`] is not present on the adapter,
    ///   any use of `@builtin(vertex_index)` or `@builtin(instance_index)` in the vertex shader will have different values.
    ///
    /// See details on the individual flags for more information.
    pub fn draw_indexed_indirect(
        &mut self,
        indirect_buffer: &'a Buffer,
        indirect_offset: BufferAddress,
    ) {
        DynContext::render_pass_draw_indexed_indirect(
            &*self.parent.context,
            &mut self.id,
            self.data.as_mut(),
            &indirect_buffer.id,
            indirect_buffer.data.as_ref(),
            indirect_offset,
        );
    }

    /// Execute a [render bundle][RenderBundle], which is a set of pre-recorded commands
    /// that can be run together.
    ///
    /// Commands in the bundle do not inherit this render pass's current render state, and after the
    /// bundle has executed, the state is **cleared** (reset to defaults, not the previous state).
    pub fn execute_bundles<I: IntoIterator<Item = &'a RenderBundle>>(&mut self, render_bundles: I) {
        let mut render_bundles = render_bundles
            .into_iter()
            .map(|rb| (&rb.id, rb.data.as_ref()));

        DynContext::render_pass_execute_bundles(
            &*self.parent.context,
            &mut self.id,
            self.data.as_mut(),
            &mut render_bundles,
        )
    }
}

/// [`Features::MULTI_DRAW_INDIRECT`] must be enabled on the device in order to call these functions.
impl<'a> RenderPass<'a> {
    /// Dispatches multiple draw calls from the active vertex buffer(s) based on the contents of the `indirect_buffer`.
    /// `count` draw calls are issued.
    ///
    /// The active vertex buffers can be set with [`RenderPass::set_vertex_buffer`].
    ///
    /// The structure expected in `indirect_buffer` must conform to [`DrawIndirectArgs`](crate::util::DrawIndirectArgs).
    /// These draw structures are expected to be tightly packed.
    ///
    /// This drawing command uses the current render state, as set by preceding `set_*()` methods.
    /// It is not affected by changes to the state that are performed after it is called.
    pub fn multi_draw_indirect(
        &mut self,
        indirect_buffer: &'a Buffer,
        indirect_offset: BufferAddress,
        count: u32,
    ) {
        DynContext::render_pass_multi_draw_indirect(
            &*self.parent.context,
            &mut self.id,
            self.data.as_mut(),
            &indirect_buffer.id,
            indirect_buffer.data.as_ref(),
            indirect_offset,
            count,
        );
    }

    /// Dispatches multiple draw calls from the active index buffer and the active vertex buffers,
    /// based on the contents of the `indirect_buffer`. `count` draw calls are issued.
    ///
    /// The active index buffer can be set with [`RenderPass::set_index_buffer`], while the active
    /// vertex buffers can be set with [`RenderPass::set_vertex_buffer`].
    ///
    /// The structure expected in `indirect_buffer` must conform to [`DrawIndexedIndirectArgs`](crate::util::DrawIndexedIndirectArgs).
    /// These draw structures are expected to be tightly packed.
    ///
    /// This drawing command uses the current render state, as set by preceding `set_*()` methods.
    /// It is not affected by changes to the state that are performed after it is called.
    pub fn multi_draw_indexed_indirect(
        &mut self,
        indirect_buffer: &'a Buffer,
        indirect_offset: BufferAddress,
        count: u32,
    ) {
        DynContext::render_pass_multi_draw_indexed_indirect(
            &*self.parent.context,
            &mut self.id,
            self.data.as_mut(),
            &indirect_buffer.id,
            indirect_buffer.data.as_ref(),
            indirect_offset,
            count,
        );
    }
}

/// [`Features::MULTI_DRAW_INDIRECT_COUNT`] must be enabled on the device in order to call these functions.
impl<'a> RenderPass<'a> {
    /// Dispatches multiple draw calls from the active vertex buffer(s) based on the contents of the `indirect_buffer`.
    /// The count buffer is read to determine how many draws to issue.
    ///
    /// The indirect buffer must be long enough to account for `max_count` draws, however only `count`
    /// draws will be read. If `count` is greater than `max_count`, `max_count` will be used.
    ///
    /// The active vertex buffers can be set with [`RenderPass::set_vertex_buffer`].
    ///
    /// The structure expected in `indirect_buffer` must conform to [`DrawIndirectArgs`](crate::util::DrawIndirectArgs).
    /// These draw structures are expected to be tightly packed.
    ///
    /// The structure expected in `count_buffer` is the following:
    ///
    /// ```rust
    /// #[repr(C)]
    /// struct DrawIndirectCount {
    ///     count: u32, // Number of draw calls to issue.
    /// }
    /// ```
    ///
    /// This drawing command uses the current render state, as set by preceding `set_*()` methods.
    /// It is not affected by changes to the state that are performed after it is called.
    pub fn multi_draw_indirect_count(
        &mut self,
        indirect_buffer: &'a Buffer,
        indirect_offset: BufferAddress,
        count_buffer: &'a Buffer,
        count_offset: BufferAddress,
        max_count: u32,
    ) {
        DynContext::render_pass_multi_draw_indirect_count(
            &*self.parent.context,
            &mut self.id,
            self.data.as_mut(),
            &indirect_buffer.id,
            indirect_buffer.data.as_ref(),
            indirect_offset,
            &count_buffer.id,
            count_buffer.data.as_ref(),
            count_offset,
            max_count,
        );
    }

    /// Dispatches multiple draw calls from the active index buffer and the active vertex buffers,
    /// based on the contents of the `indirect_buffer`. The count buffer is read to determine how many draws to issue.
    ///
    /// The indirect buffer must be long enough to account for `max_count` draws, however only `count`
    /// draws will be read. If `count` is greater than `max_count`, `max_count` will be used.
    ///
    /// The active index buffer can be set with [`RenderPass::set_index_buffer`], while the active
    /// vertex buffers can be set with [`RenderPass::set_vertex_buffer`].
    ///
    ///
    /// The structure expected in `indirect_buffer` must conform to [`DrawIndexedIndirectArgs`](crate::util::DrawIndexedIndirectArgs).
    ///
    /// These draw structures are expected to be tightly packed.
    ///
    /// The structure expected in `count_buffer` is the following:
    ///
    /// ```rust
    /// #[repr(C)]
    /// struct DrawIndexedIndirectCount {
    ///     count: u32, // Number of draw calls to issue.
    /// }
    /// ```
    ///
    /// This drawing command uses the current render state, as set by preceding `set_*()` methods.
    /// It is not affected by changes to the state that are performed after it is called.
    pub fn multi_draw_indexed_indirect_count(
        &mut self,
        indirect_buffer: &'a Buffer,
        indirect_offset: BufferAddress,
        count_buffer: &'a Buffer,
        count_offset: BufferAddress,
        max_count: u32,
    ) {
        DynContext::render_pass_multi_draw_indexed_indirect_count(
            &*self.parent.context,
            &mut self.id,
            self.data.as_mut(),
            &indirect_buffer.id,
            indirect_buffer.data.as_ref(),
            indirect_offset,
            &count_buffer.id,
            count_buffer.data.as_ref(),
            count_offset,
            max_count,
        );
    }
}

/// [`Features::PUSH_CONSTANTS`] must be enabled on the device in order to call these functions.
impl<'a> RenderPass<'a> {
    /// Set push constant data for subsequent draw calls.
    ///
    /// Write the bytes in `data` at offset `offset` within push constant
    /// storage, all of which are accessible by all the pipeline stages in
    /// `stages`, and no others.  Both `offset` and the length of `data` must be
    /// multiples of [`PUSH_CONSTANT_ALIGNMENT`], which is always 4.
    ///
    /// For example, if `offset` is `4` and `data` is eight bytes long, this
    /// call will write `data` to bytes `4..12` of push constant storage.
    ///
    /// # Stage matching
    ///
    /// Every byte in the affected range of push constant storage must be
    /// accessible to exactly the same set of pipeline stages, which must match
    /// `stages`. If there are two bytes of storage that are accessible by
    /// different sets of pipeline stages - say, one is accessible by fragment
    /// shaders, and the other is accessible by both fragment shaders and vertex
    /// shaders - then no single `set_push_constants` call may affect both of
    /// them; to write both, you must make multiple calls, each with the
    /// appropriate `stages` value.
    ///
    /// Which pipeline stages may access a given byte is determined by the
    /// pipeline's [`PushConstant`] global variable and (if it is a struct) its
    /// members' offsets.
    ///
    /// For example, suppose you have twelve bytes of push constant storage,
    /// where bytes `0..8` are accessed by the vertex shader, and bytes `4..12`
    /// are accessed by the fragment shader. This means there are three byte
    /// ranges each accessed by a different set of stages:
    ///
    /// - Bytes `0..4` are accessed only by the fragment shader.
    ///
    /// - Bytes `4..8` are accessed by both the fragment shader and the vertex shader.
    ///
    /// - Bytes `8..12` are accessed only by the vertex shader.
    ///
    /// To write all twelve bytes requires three `set_push_constants` calls, one
    /// for each range, each passing the matching `stages` mask.
    ///
    /// [`PushConstant`]: https://docs.rs/naga/latest/naga/enum.StorageClass.html#variant.PushConstant
    pub fn set_push_constants(&mut self, stages: ShaderStages, offset: u32, data: &[u8]) {
        DynContext::render_pass_set_push_constants(
            &*self.parent.context,
            &mut self.id,
            self.data.as_mut(),
            stages,
            offset,
            data,
        );
    }
}

/// [`Features::TIMESTAMP_QUERY_INSIDE_PASSES`] must be enabled on the device in order to call these functions.
impl<'a> RenderPass<'a> {
    /// Issue a timestamp command at this point in the queue. The
    /// timestamp will be written to the specified query set, at the specified index.
    ///
    /// Must be multiplied by [`Queue::get_timestamp_period`] to get
    /// the value in nanoseconds. Absolute values have no meaning,
    /// but timestamps can be subtracted to get the time it takes
    /// for a string of operations to complete.
    pub fn write_timestamp(&mut self, query_set: &QuerySet, query_index: u32) {
        DynContext::render_pass_write_timestamp(
            &*self.parent.context,
            &mut self.id,
            self.data.as_mut(),
            &query_set.id,
            query_set.data.as_ref(),
            query_index,
        )
    }
}

impl<'a> RenderPass<'a> {
    /// Start a occlusion query on this render pass. It can be ended with
    /// `end_occlusion_query`. Occlusion queries may not be nested.
    pub fn begin_occlusion_query(&mut self, query_index: u32) {
        DynContext::render_pass_begin_occlusion_query(
            &*self.parent.context,
            &mut self.id,
            self.data.as_mut(),
            query_index,
        );
    }

    /// End the occlusion query on this render pass. It can be started with
    /// `begin_occlusion_query`. Occlusion queries may not be nested.
    pub fn end_occlusion_query(&mut self) {
        DynContext::render_pass_end_occlusion_query(
            &*self.parent.context,
            &mut self.id,
            self.data.as_mut(),
        );
    }
}

/// [`Features::PIPELINE_STATISTICS_QUERY`] must be enabled on the device in order to call these functions.
impl<'a> RenderPass<'a> {
    /// Start a pipeline statistics query on this render pass. It can be ended with
    /// `end_pipeline_statistics_query`. Pipeline statistics queries may not be nested.
    pub fn begin_pipeline_statistics_query(&mut self, query_set: &QuerySet, query_index: u32) {
        DynContext::render_pass_begin_pipeline_statistics_query(
            &*self.parent.context,
            &mut self.id,
            self.data.as_mut(),
            &query_set.id,
            query_set.data.as_ref(),
            query_index,
        );
    }

    /// End the pipeline statistics query on this render pass. It can be started with
    /// `begin_pipeline_statistics_query`. Pipeline statistics queries may not be nested.
    pub fn end_pipeline_statistics_query(&mut self) {
        DynContext::render_pass_end_pipeline_statistics_query(
            &*self.parent.context,
            &mut self.id,
            self.data.as_mut(),
        );
    }
}

impl<'a> Drop for RenderPass<'a> {
    fn drop(&mut self) {
        if !thread::panicking() {
            let parent_id = self.parent.id.as_ref().unwrap();
            self.parent.context.command_encoder_end_render_pass(
                parent_id,
                self.parent.data.as_ref(),
                &mut self.id,
                self.data.as_mut(),
            );
        }
    }
}

impl<'a> ComputePass<'a> {
    /// Sets the active bind group for a given bind group index. The bind group layout
    /// in the active pipeline when the `dispatch()` function is called must match the layout of this bind group.
    ///
    /// If the bind group have dynamic offsets, provide them in the binding order.
    /// These offsets have to be aligned to [`Limits::min_uniform_buffer_offset_alignment`]
    /// or [`Limits::min_storage_buffer_offset_alignment`] appropriately.
    pub fn set_bind_group(
        &mut self,
        index: u32,
        bind_group: &'a BindGroup,
        offsets: &[DynamicOffset],
    ) {
        DynContext::compute_pass_set_bind_group(
            &*self.parent.context,
            &mut self.id,
            self.data.as_mut(),
            index,
            &bind_group.id,
            bind_group.data.as_ref(),
            offsets,
        );
    }

    /// Sets the active compute pipeline.
    pub fn set_pipeline(&mut self, pipeline: &'a ComputePipeline) {
        DynContext::compute_pass_set_pipeline(
            &*self.parent.context,
            &mut self.id,
            self.data.as_mut(),
            &pipeline.id,
            pipeline.data.as_ref(),
        );
    }

    /// Inserts debug marker.
    pub fn insert_debug_marker(&mut self, label: &str) {
        DynContext::compute_pass_insert_debug_marker(
            &*self.parent.context,
            &mut self.id,
            self.data.as_mut(),
            label,
        );
    }

    /// Start record commands and group it into debug marker group.
    pub fn push_debug_group(&mut self, label: &str) {
        DynContext::compute_pass_push_debug_group(
            &*self.parent.context,
            &mut self.id,
            self.data.as_mut(),
            label,
        );
    }

    /// Stops command recording and creates debug group.
    pub fn pop_debug_group(&mut self) {
        DynContext::compute_pass_pop_debug_group(
            &*self.parent.context,
            &mut self.id,
            self.data.as_mut(),
        );
    }

    /// Dispatches compute work operations.
    ///
    /// `x`, `y` and `z` denote the number of work groups to dispatch in each dimension.
    pub fn dispatch_workgroups(&mut self, x: u32, y: u32, z: u32) {
        DynContext::compute_pass_dispatch_workgroups(
            &*self.parent.context,
            &mut self.id,
            self.data.as_mut(),
            x,
            y,
            z,
        );
    }

    /// Dispatches compute work operations, based on the contents of the `indirect_buffer`.
    ///
    /// The structure expected in `indirect_buffer` must conform to [`DispatchIndirectArgs`](crate::util::DispatchIndirectArgs).
    pub fn dispatch_workgroups_indirect(
        &mut self,
        indirect_buffer: &'a Buffer,
        indirect_offset: BufferAddress,
    ) {
        DynContext::compute_pass_dispatch_workgroups_indirect(
            &*self.parent.context,
            &mut self.id,
            self.data.as_mut(),
            &indirect_buffer.id,
            indirect_buffer.data.as_ref(),
            indirect_offset,
        );
    }
}

/// [`Features::PUSH_CONSTANTS`] must be enabled on the device in order to call these functions.
impl<'a> ComputePass<'a> {
    /// Set push constant data for subsequent dispatch calls.
    ///
    /// Write the bytes in `data` at offset `offset` within push constant
    /// storage.  Both `offset` and the length of `data` must be
    /// multiples of [`PUSH_CONSTANT_ALIGNMENT`], which is always 4.
    ///
    /// For example, if `offset` is `4` and `data` is eight bytes long, this
    /// call will write `data` to bytes `4..12` of push constant storage.
    pub fn set_push_constants(&mut self, offset: u32, data: &[u8]) {
        DynContext::compute_pass_set_push_constants(
            &*self.parent.context,
            &mut self.id,
            self.data.as_mut(),
            offset,
            data,
        );
    }
}

/// [`Features::TIMESTAMP_QUERY_INSIDE_PASSES`] must be enabled on the device in order to call these functions.
impl<'a> ComputePass<'a> {
    /// Issue a timestamp command at this point in the queue. The timestamp will be written to the specified query set, at the specified index.
    ///
    /// Must be multiplied by [`Queue::get_timestamp_period`] to get
    /// the value in nanoseconds. Absolute values have no meaning,
    /// but timestamps can be subtracted to get the time it takes
    /// for a string of operations to complete.
    pub fn write_timestamp(&mut self, query_set: &QuerySet, query_index: u32) {
        DynContext::compute_pass_write_timestamp(
            &*self.parent.context,
            &mut self.id,
            self.data.as_mut(),
            &query_set.id,
            query_set.data.as_ref(),
            query_index,
        )
    }
}

/// [`Features::PIPELINE_STATISTICS_QUERY`] must be enabled on the device in order to call these functions.
impl<'a> ComputePass<'a> {
    /// Start a pipeline statistics query on this compute pass. It can be ended with
    /// `end_pipeline_statistics_query`. Pipeline statistics queries may not be nested.
    pub fn begin_pipeline_statistics_query(&mut self, query_set: &QuerySet, query_index: u32) {
        DynContext::compute_pass_begin_pipeline_statistics_query(
            &*self.parent.context,
            &mut self.id,
            self.data.as_mut(),
            &query_set.id,
            query_set.data.as_ref(),
            query_index,
        );
    }

    /// End the pipeline statistics query on this compute pass. It can be started with
    /// `begin_pipeline_statistics_query`. Pipeline statistics queries may not be nested.
    pub fn end_pipeline_statistics_query(&mut self) {
        DynContext::compute_pass_end_pipeline_statistics_query(
            &*self.parent.context,
            &mut self.id,
            self.data.as_mut(),
        );
    }
}

impl<'a> Drop for ComputePass<'a> {
    fn drop(&mut self) {
        if !thread::panicking() {
            let parent_id = self.parent.id.as_ref().unwrap();
            self.parent.context.command_encoder_end_compute_pass(
                parent_id,
                self.parent.data.as_ref(),
                &mut self.id,
                self.data.as_mut(),
            );
        }
    }
}

impl<'a> RenderBundleEncoder<'a> {
    /// Finishes recording and returns a [`RenderBundle`] that can be executed in other render passes.
    pub fn finish(self, desc: &RenderBundleDescriptor<'_>) -> RenderBundle {
        let (id, data) =
            DynContext::render_bundle_encoder_finish(&*self.context, self.id, self.data, desc);
        RenderBundle {
            context: Arc::clone(&self.context),
            id,
            data,
        }
    }

    /// Sets the active bind group for a given bind group index. The bind group layout
    /// in the active pipeline when any `draw()` function is called must match the layout of this bind group.
    ///
    /// If the bind group have dynamic offsets, provide them in the binding order.
    pub fn set_bind_group(
        &mut self,
        index: u32,
        bind_group: &'a BindGroup,
        offsets: &[DynamicOffset],
    ) {
        DynContext::render_bundle_encoder_set_bind_group(
            &*self.parent.context,
            &mut self.id,
            self.data.as_mut(),
            index,
            &bind_group.id,
            bind_group.data.as_ref(),
            offsets,
        )
    }

    /// Sets the active render pipeline.
    ///
    /// Subsequent draw calls will exhibit the behavior defined by `pipeline`.
    pub fn set_pipeline(&mut self, pipeline: &'a RenderPipeline) {
        DynContext::render_bundle_encoder_set_pipeline(
            &*self.parent.context,
            &mut self.id,
            self.data.as_mut(),
            &pipeline.id,
            pipeline.data.as_ref(),
        )
    }

    /// Sets the active index buffer.
    ///
    /// Subsequent calls to [`draw_indexed`](RenderBundleEncoder::draw_indexed) on this [`RenderBundleEncoder`] will
    /// use `buffer` as the source index buffer.
    pub fn set_index_buffer(&mut self, buffer_slice: BufferSlice<'a>, index_format: IndexFormat) {
        DynContext::render_bundle_encoder_set_index_buffer(
            &*self.parent.context,
            &mut self.id,
            self.data.as_mut(),
            &buffer_slice.buffer.id,
            buffer_slice.buffer.data.as_ref(),
            index_format,
            buffer_slice.offset,
            buffer_slice.size,
        )
    }

    /// Assign a vertex buffer to a slot.
    ///
    /// Subsequent calls to [`draw`] and [`draw_indexed`] on this
    /// [`RenderBundleEncoder`] will use `buffer` as one of the source vertex buffers.
    ///
    /// The `slot` refers to the index of the matching descriptor in
    /// [`VertexState::buffers`].
    ///
    /// [`draw`]: RenderBundleEncoder::draw
    /// [`draw_indexed`]: RenderBundleEncoder::draw_indexed
    pub fn set_vertex_buffer(&mut self, slot: u32, buffer_slice: BufferSlice<'a>) {
        DynContext::render_bundle_encoder_set_vertex_buffer(
            &*self.parent.context,
            &mut self.id,
            self.data.as_mut(),
            slot,
            &buffer_slice.buffer.id,
            buffer_slice.buffer.data.as_ref(),
            buffer_slice.offset,
            buffer_slice.size,
        )
    }

    /// Draws primitives from the active vertex buffer(s).
    ///
    /// The active vertex buffers can be set with [`RenderBundleEncoder::set_vertex_buffer`].
    /// Does not use an Index Buffer. If you need this see [`RenderBundleEncoder::draw_indexed`]
    ///
    /// Panics if vertices Range is outside of the range of the vertices range of any set vertex buffer.
    ///
    /// vertices: The range of vertices to draw.
    /// instances: Range of Instances to draw. Use 0..1 if instance buffers are not used.
    /// E.g.of how its used internally
    /// ```rust ignore
    /// for instance_id in instance_range {
    ///     for vertex_id in vertex_range {
    ///         let vertex = vertex[vertex_id];
    ///         vertex_shader(vertex, vertex_id, instance_id);
    ///     }
    /// }
    /// ```
    pub fn draw(&mut self, vertices: Range<u32>, instances: Range<u32>) {
        DynContext::render_bundle_encoder_draw(
            &*self.parent.context,
            &mut self.id,
            self.data.as_mut(),
            vertices,
            instances,
        )
    }

    /// Draws indexed primitives using the active index buffer and the active vertex buffer(s).
    ///
    /// The active index buffer can be set with [`RenderBundleEncoder::set_index_buffer`].
    /// The active vertex buffer(s) can be set with [`RenderBundleEncoder::set_vertex_buffer`].
    ///
    /// Panics if indices Range is outside of the range of the indices range of any set index buffer.
    ///
    /// indices: The range of indices to draw.
    /// base_vertex: value added to each index value before indexing into the vertex buffers.
    /// instances: Range of Instances to draw. Use 0..1 if instance buffers are not used.
    /// E.g.of how its used internally
    /// ```rust ignore
    /// for instance_id in instance_range {
    ///     for index_index in index_range {
    ///         let vertex_id = index_buffer[index_index];
    ///         let adjusted_vertex_id = vertex_id + base_vertex;
    ///         let vertex = vertex[adjusted_vertex_id];
    ///         vertex_shader(vertex, adjusted_vertex_id, instance_id);
    ///     }
    /// }
    /// ```
    pub fn draw_indexed(&mut self, indices: Range<u32>, base_vertex: i32, instances: Range<u32>) {
        DynContext::render_bundle_encoder_draw_indexed(
            &*self.parent.context,
            &mut self.id,
            self.data.as_mut(),
            indices,
            base_vertex,
            instances,
        );
    }

    /// Draws primitives from the active vertex buffer(s) based on the contents of the `indirect_buffer`.
    ///
    /// The active vertex buffers can be set with [`RenderBundleEncoder::set_vertex_buffer`].
    ///
    /// The structure expected in `indirect_buffer` must conform to [`DrawIndirectArgs`](crate::util::DrawIndirectArgs).
    pub fn draw_indirect(&mut self, indirect_buffer: &'a Buffer, indirect_offset: BufferAddress) {
        DynContext::render_bundle_encoder_draw_indirect(
            &*self.parent.context,
            &mut self.id,
            self.data.as_mut(),
            &indirect_buffer.id,
            indirect_buffer.data.as_ref(),
            indirect_offset,
        );
    }

    /// Draws indexed primitives using the active index buffer and the active vertex buffers,
    /// based on the contents of the `indirect_buffer`.
    ///
    /// The active index buffer can be set with [`RenderBundleEncoder::set_index_buffer`], while the active
    /// vertex buffers can be set with [`RenderBundleEncoder::set_vertex_buffer`].
    ///
    /// The structure expected in `indirect_buffer` must conform to [`DrawIndexedIndirectArgs`](crate::util::DrawIndexedIndirectArgs).
    pub fn draw_indexed_indirect(
        &mut self,
        indirect_buffer: &'a Buffer,
        indirect_offset: BufferAddress,
    ) {
        DynContext::render_bundle_encoder_draw_indexed_indirect(
            &*self.parent.context,
            &mut self.id,
            self.data.as_mut(),
            &indirect_buffer.id,
            indirect_buffer.data.as_ref(),
            indirect_offset,
        );
    }
}

/// [`Features::PUSH_CONSTANTS`] must be enabled on the device in order to call these functions.
impl<'a> RenderBundleEncoder<'a> {
    /// Set push constant data.
    ///
    /// Offset is measured in bytes, but must be a multiple of [`PUSH_CONSTANT_ALIGNMENT`].
    ///
    /// Data size must be a multiple of 4 and must have an alignment of 4.
    /// For example, with an offset of 4 and an array of `[u8; 8]`, that will write to the range
    /// of 4..12.
    ///
    /// For each byte in the range of push constant data written, the union of the stages of all push constant
    /// ranges that covers that byte must be exactly `stages`. There's no good way of explaining this simply,
    /// so here are some examples:
    ///
    /// ```text
    /// For the given ranges:
    /// - 0..4 Vertex
    /// - 4..8 Fragment
    /// ```
    ///
    /// You would need to upload this in two set_push_constants calls. First for the `Vertex` range, second for the `Fragment` range.
    ///
    /// ```text
    /// For the given ranges:
    /// - 0..8  Vertex
    /// - 4..12 Fragment
    /// ```
    ///
    /// You would need to upload this in three set_push_constants calls. First for the `Vertex` only range 0..4, second
    /// for the `Vertex | Fragment` range 4..8, third for the `Fragment` range 8..12.
    pub fn set_push_constants(&mut self, stages: ShaderStages, offset: u32, data: &[u8]) {
        DynContext::render_bundle_encoder_set_push_constants(
            &*self.parent.context,
            &mut self.id,
            self.data.as_mut(),
            stages,
            offset,
            data,
        );
    }
}

/// A write-only view into a staging buffer.
///
/// Reading into this buffer won't yield the contents of the buffer from the
/// GPU and is likely to be slow. Because of this, although [`AsMut`] is
/// implemented for this type, [`AsRef`] is not.
pub struct QueueWriteBufferView<'a> {
    queue: &'a Queue,
    buffer: &'a Buffer,
    offset: BufferAddress,
    inner: Box<dyn context::QueueWriteBuffer>,
}
#[cfg(send_sync)]
static_assertions::assert_impl_all!(QueueWriteBufferView<'_>: Send, Sync);

impl Deref for QueueWriteBufferView<'_> {
    type Target = [u8];

    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
        log::warn!("Reading from a QueueWriteBufferView won't yield the contents of the buffer and may be slow.");
        self.inner.slice()
    }
}

impl DerefMut for QueueWriteBufferView<'_> {
    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
        self.inner.slice_mut()
    }
}

impl<'a> AsMut<[u8]> for QueueWriteBufferView<'a> {
    fn as_mut(&mut self) -> &mut [u8] {
        self.inner.slice_mut()
    }
}

impl<'a> Drop for QueueWriteBufferView<'a> {
    fn drop(&mut self) {
        DynContext::queue_write_staging_buffer(
            &*self.queue.context,
            &self.queue.id,
            self.queue.data.as_ref(),
            &self.buffer.id,
            self.buffer.data.as_ref(),
            self.offset,
            &*self.inner,
        );
    }
}

impl Queue {
    /// Schedule a data write into `buffer` starting at `offset`.
    ///
    /// This method is intended to have low performance costs.
    /// As such, the write is not immediately submitted, and instead enqueued
    /// internally to happen at the start of the next `submit()` call.
    ///
    /// This method fails if `data` overruns the size of `buffer` starting at `offset`.
    pub fn write_buffer(&self, buffer: &Buffer, offset: BufferAddress, data: &[u8]) {
        DynContext::queue_write_buffer(
            &*self.context,
            &self.id,
            self.data.as_ref(),
            &buffer.id,
            buffer.data.as_ref(),
            offset,
            data,
        )
    }

    /// Schedule a data write into `buffer` starting at `offset` via the returned
    /// [`QueueWriteBufferView`].
    ///
    /// Reading from this buffer is slow and will not yield the actual contents of the buffer.
    ///
    /// This method is intended to have low performance costs.
    /// As such, the write is not immediately submitted, and instead enqueued
    /// internally to happen at the start of the next `submit()` call.
    ///
    /// This method fails if `size` is greater than the size of `buffer` starting at `offset`.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn write_buffer_with<'a>(
        &'a self,
        buffer: &'a Buffer,
        offset: BufferAddress,
        size: BufferSize,
    ) -> Option<QueueWriteBufferView<'a>> {
        profiling::scope!("Queue::write_buffer_with");
        DynContext::queue_validate_write_buffer(
            &*self.context,
            &self.id,
            self.data.as_ref(),
            &buffer.id,
            buffer.data.as_ref(),
            offset,
            size,
        )?;
        let staging_buffer = DynContext::queue_create_staging_buffer(
            &*self.context,
            &self.id,
            self.data.as_ref(),
            size,
        )?;
        Some(QueueWriteBufferView {
            queue: self,
            buffer,
            offset,
            inner: staging_buffer,
        })
    }

    /// Schedule a write of some data into a texture.
    ///
    /// * `data` contains the texels to be written, which must be in
    ///   [the same format as the texture](TextureFormat).
    /// * `data_layout` describes the memory layout of `data`, which does not necessarily
    ///   have to have tightly packed rows.
    /// * `texture` specifies the texture to write into, and the location within the
    ///   texture (coordinate offset, mip level) that will be overwritten.
    /// * `size` is the size, in texels, of the region to be written.
    ///
    /// This method is intended to have low performance costs.
    /// As such, the write is not immediately submitted, and instead enqueued
    /// internally to happen at the start of the next `submit()` call.
    /// However, `data` will be immediately copied into staging memory; so the caller may
    /// discard it any time after this call completes.
    ///
    /// This method fails if `size` overruns the size of `texture`, or if `data` is too short.
    pub fn write_texture(
        &self,
        texture: ImageCopyTexture<'_>,
        data: &[u8],
        data_layout: ImageDataLayout,
        size: Extent3d,
    ) {
        DynContext::queue_write_texture(
            &*self.context,
            &self.id,
            self.data.as_ref(),
            texture,
            data,
            data_layout,
            size,
        )
    }

    /// Schedule a copy of data from `image` into `texture`.
    #[cfg(any(webgpu, webgl))]
    pub fn copy_external_image_to_texture(
        &self,
        source: &wgt::ImageCopyExternalImage,
        dest: ImageCopyTextureTagged<'_>,
        size: Extent3d,
    ) {
        DynContext::queue_copy_external_image_to_texture(
            &*self.context,
            &self.id,
            self.data.as_ref(),
            source,
            dest,
            size,
        )
    }

    /// Submits a series of finished command buffers for execution.
    pub fn submit<I: IntoIterator<Item = CommandBuffer>>(
        &self,
        command_buffers: I,
    ) -> SubmissionIndex {
        let mut command_buffers = command_buffers
            .into_iter()
            .map(|mut comb| (comb.id.take().unwrap(), comb.data.take().unwrap()));

        let (raw, data) = DynContext::queue_submit(
            &*self.context,
            &self.id,
            self.data.as_ref(),
            &mut command_buffers,
        );

        SubmissionIndex(raw, data)
    }

    /// Gets the amount of nanoseconds each tick of a timestamp query represents.
    ///
    /// Returns zero if timestamp queries are unsupported.
    ///
    /// Timestamp values are represented in nanosecond values on WebGPU, see `<https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#timestamp>`
    /// Therefore, this is always 1.0 on the web, but on wgpu-core a manual conversion is required.
    pub fn get_timestamp_period(&self) -> f32 {
        DynContext::queue_get_timestamp_period(&*self.context, &self.id, self.data.as_ref())
    }

    /// Registers a callback when the previous call to submit finishes running on the gpu. This callback
    /// being called implies that all mapped buffer callbacks which were registered before this call will
    /// have been called.
    ///
    /// For the callback to complete, either `queue.submit(..)`, `instance.poll_all(..)`, or `device.poll(..)`
    /// must be called elsewhere in the runtime, possibly integrated into an event loop or run on a separate thread.
    ///
    /// The callback will be called on the thread that first calls the above functions after the gpu work
    /// has completed. There are no restrictions on the code you can run in the callback, however on native the
    /// call to the function will not complete until the callback returns, so prefer keeping callbacks short
    /// and used to set flags, send messages, etc.
    pub fn on_submitted_work_done(&self, callback: impl FnOnce() + Send + 'static) {
        DynContext::queue_on_submitted_work_done(
            &*self.context,
            &self.id,
            self.data.as_ref(),
            Box::new(callback),
        )
    }
}

impl SurfaceTexture {
    /// Schedule this texture to be presented on the owning surface.
    ///
    /// Needs to be called after any work on the texture is scheduled via [`Queue::submit`].
    ///
    /// # Platform dependent behavior
    ///
    /// On Wayland, `present` will attach a `wl_buffer` to the underlying `wl_surface` and commit the new surface
    /// state. If it is desired to do things such as request a frame callback, scale the surface using the viewporter
    /// or synchronize other double buffered state, then these operations should be done before the call to `present`.
    pub fn present(mut self) {
        self.presented = true;
        DynContext::surface_present(
            &*self.texture.context,
            &self.texture.id,
            // This call to as_ref is essential because we want the DynContext implementation to see the inner
            // value of the Box (T::SurfaceOutputDetail), not the Box itself.
            self.detail.as_ref(),
        );
    }
}

impl Drop for SurfaceTexture {
    fn drop(&mut self) {
        if !self.presented && !thread::panicking() {
            DynContext::surface_texture_discard(
                &*self.texture.context,
                &self.texture.id,
                // This call to as_ref is essential because we want the DynContext implementation to see the inner
                // value of the Box (T::SurfaceOutputDetail), not the Box itself.
                self.detail.as_ref(),
            );
        }
    }
}

impl Surface<'_> {
    /// Returns the capabilities of the surface when used with the given adapter.
    ///
    /// Returns specified values (see [`SurfaceCapabilities`]) if surface is incompatible with the adapter.
    pub fn get_capabilities(&self, adapter: &Adapter) -> SurfaceCapabilities {
        DynContext::surface_get_capabilities(
            &*self.context,
            &self.id,
            self.surface_data.as_ref(),
            &adapter.id,
            adapter.data.as_ref(),
        )
    }

    /// Return a default `SurfaceConfiguration` from width and height to use for the [`Surface`] with this adapter.
    ///
    /// Returns None if the surface isn't supported by this adapter
    pub fn get_default_config(
        &self,
        adapter: &Adapter,
        width: u32,
        height: u32,
    ) -> Option<SurfaceConfiguration> {
        let caps = self.get_capabilities(adapter);
        Some(SurfaceConfiguration {
            usage: wgt::TextureUsages::RENDER_ATTACHMENT,
            format: *caps.formats.first()?,
            width,
            height,
            desired_maximum_frame_latency: 2,
            present_mode: *caps.present_modes.first()?,
            alpha_mode: wgt::CompositeAlphaMode::Auto,
            view_formats: vec![],
        })
    }

    /// Initializes [`Surface`] for presentation.
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// - A old [`SurfaceTexture`] is still alive referencing an old surface.
    /// - Texture format requested is unsupported on the surface.
    /// - `config.width` or `config.height` is zero.
    pub fn configure(&self, device: &Device, config: &SurfaceConfiguration) {
        DynContext::surface_configure(
            &*self.context,
            &self.id,
            self.surface_data.as_ref(),
            &device.id,
            device.data.as_ref(),
            config,
        );

        let mut conf = self.config.lock();
        *conf = Some(config.clone());
    }

    /// Returns the next texture to be presented by the swapchain for drawing.
    ///
    /// In order to present the [`SurfaceTexture`] returned by this method,
    /// first a [`Queue::submit`] needs to be done with some work rendering to this texture.
    /// Then [`SurfaceTexture::present`] needs to be called.
    ///
    /// If a SurfaceTexture referencing this surface is alive when the swapchain is recreated,
    /// recreating the swapchain will panic.
    pub fn get_current_texture(&self) -> Result<SurfaceTexture, SurfaceError> {
        let (texture_id, texture_data, status, detail) = DynContext::surface_get_current_texture(
            &*self.context,
            &self.id,
            self.surface_data.as_ref(),
        );

        let suboptimal = match status {
            SurfaceStatus::Good => false,
            SurfaceStatus::Suboptimal => true,
            SurfaceStatus::Timeout => return Err(SurfaceError::Timeout),
            SurfaceStatus::Outdated => return Err(SurfaceError::Outdated),
            SurfaceStatus::Lost => return Err(SurfaceError::Lost),
        };

        let guard = self.config.lock();
        let config = guard
            .as_ref()
            .expect("This surface has not been configured yet.");

        let descriptor = TextureDescriptor {
            label: None,
            size: Extent3d {
                width: config.width,
                height: config.height,
                depth_or_array_layers: 1,
            },
            format: config.format,
            usage: config.usage,
            mip_level_count: 1,
            sample_count: 1,
            dimension: TextureDimension::D2,
            view_formats: &[],
        };

        texture_id
            .zip(texture_data)
            .map(|(id, data)| SurfaceTexture {
                texture: Texture {
                    context: Arc::clone(&self.context),
                    id,
                    data,
                    owned: false,
                    descriptor,
                },
                suboptimal,
                presented: false,
                detail,
            })
            .ok_or(SurfaceError::Lost)
    }

    /// Returns the inner hal Surface using a callback. The hal surface will be `None` if the
    /// backend type argument does not match with this wgpu Surface
    ///
    /// # Safety
    ///
    /// - The raw handle obtained from the hal Surface must not be manually destroyed
    #[cfg(wgpu_core)]
    pub unsafe fn as_hal<A: wgc::hal_api::HalApi, F: FnOnce(Option<&A::Surface>) -> R, R>(
        &mut self,
        hal_surface_callback: F,
    ) -> Option<R> {
        self.context
            .as_any()
            .downcast_ref::<crate::backend::ContextWgpuCore>()
            .map(|ctx| unsafe {
                ctx.surface_as_hal::<A, F, R>(
                    self.surface_data.downcast_ref().unwrap(),
                    hal_surface_callback,
                )
            })
    }
}

/// Opaque globally-unique identifier
#[repr(transparent)]
pub struct Id<T>(NonZeroU64, PhantomData<*mut T>);

impl<T> Id<T> {
    /// For testing use only. We provide no guarantees about the actual value of the ids.
    #[doc(hidden)]
    pub fn inner(&self) -> u64 {
        self.0.get()
    }
}

// SAFETY: `Id` is a bare `NonZeroU64`, the type parameter is a marker purely to avoid confusing Ids
// returned for different types , so `Id` can safely implement Send and Sync.
unsafe impl<T> Send for Id<T> {}

// SAFETY: See the implementation for `Send`.
unsafe impl<T> Sync for Id<T> {}

impl<T> Clone for Id<T> {
    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
        *self
    }
}

impl<T> Copy for Id<T> {}

impl<T> fmt::Debug for Id<T> {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        f.debug_tuple("Id").field(&self.0).finish()
    }
}

impl<T> PartialEq for Id<T> {
    fn eq(&self, other: &Id<T>) -> bool {
        self.0 == other.0
    }
}

impl<T> Eq for Id<T> {}

impl<T> PartialOrd for Id<T> {
    fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Id<T>) -> Option<Ordering> {
        Some(self.cmp(other))
    }
}

impl<T> Ord for Id<T> {
    fn cmp(&self, other: &Id<T>) -> Ordering {
        self.0.cmp(&other.0)
    }
}

impl<T> std::hash::Hash for Id<T> {
    fn hash<H: std::hash::Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
        self.0.hash(state)
    }
}

impl Adapter {
    /// Returns a globally-unique identifier for this `Adapter`.
    ///
    /// Calling this method multiple times on the same object will always return the same value.
    /// The returned value is guaranteed to be different for all resources created from the same `Instance`.
    pub fn global_id(&self) -> Id<Self> {
        Id(self.id.global_id(), PhantomData)
    }
}

impl Device {
    /// Returns a globally-unique identifier for this `Device`.
    ///
    /// Calling this method multiple times on the same object will always return the same value.
    /// The returned value is guaranteed to be different for all resources created from the same `Instance`.
    pub fn global_id(&self) -> Id<Self> {
        Id(self.id.global_id(), PhantomData)
    }
}

impl Queue {
    /// Returns a globally-unique identifier for this `Queue`.
    ///
    /// Calling this method multiple times on the same object will always return the same value.
    /// The returned value is guaranteed to be different for all resources created from the same `Instance`.
    pub fn global_id(&self) -> Id<Self> {
        Id(self.id.global_id(), PhantomData)
    }
}

impl ShaderModule {
    /// Returns a globally-unique identifier for this `ShaderModule`.
    ///
    /// Calling this method multiple times on the same object will always return the same value.
    /// The returned value is guaranteed to be different for all resources created from the same `Instance`.
    pub fn global_id(&self) -> Id<Self> {
        Id(self.id.global_id(), PhantomData)
    }
}

impl BindGroupLayout {
    /// Returns a globally-unique identifier for this `BindGroupLayout`.
    ///
    /// Calling this method multiple times on the same object will always return the same value.
    /// The returned value is guaranteed to be different for all resources created from the same `Instance`.
    pub fn global_id(&self) -> Id<Self> {
        Id(self.id.global_id(), PhantomData)
    }
}

impl BindGroup {
    /// Returns a globally-unique identifier for this `BindGroup`.
    ///
    /// Calling this method multiple times on the same object will always return the same value.
    /// The returned value is guaranteed to be different for all resources created from the same `Instance`.
    pub fn global_id(&self) -> Id<Self> {
        Id(self.id.global_id(), PhantomData)
    }
}

impl TextureView {
    /// Returns a globally-unique identifier for this `TextureView`.
    ///
    /// Calling this method multiple times on the same object will always return the same value.
    /// The returned value is guaranteed to be different for all resources created from the same `Instance`.
    pub fn global_id(&self) -> Id<Self> {
        Id(self.id.global_id(), PhantomData)
    }

    /// Returns the inner hal TextureView using a callback. The hal texture will be `None` if the
    /// backend type argument does not match with this wgpu Texture
    ///
    /// # Safety
    ///
    /// - The raw handle obtained from the hal TextureView must not be manually destroyed
    #[cfg(wgpu_core)]
    pub unsafe fn as_hal<A: wgc::hal_api::HalApi, F: FnOnce(Option<&A::TextureView>) -> R, R>(
        &self,
        hal_texture_view_callback: F,
    ) -> R {
        use core::id::TextureViewId;

        let texture_view_id = TextureViewId::from(self.id);

        if let Some(ctx) = self
            .context
            .as_any()
            .downcast_ref::<crate::backend::ContextWgpuCore>()
        {
            unsafe {
                ctx.texture_view_as_hal::<A, F, R>(texture_view_id, hal_texture_view_callback)
            }
        } else {
            hal_texture_view_callback(None)
        }
    }
}

impl Sampler {
    /// Returns a globally-unique identifier for this `Sampler`.
    ///
    /// Calling this method multiple times on the same object will always return the same value.
    /// The returned value is guaranteed to be different for all resources created from the same `Instance`.
    pub fn global_id(&self) -> Id<Self> {
        Id(self.id.global_id(), PhantomData)
    }
}

impl Buffer {
    /// Returns a globally-unique identifier for this `Buffer`.
    ///
    /// Calling this method multiple times on the same object will always return the same value.
    /// The returned value is guaranteed to be different for all resources created from the same `Instance`.
    pub fn global_id(&self) -> Id<Self> {
        Id(self.id.global_id(), PhantomData)
    }
}

impl Texture {
    /// Returns a globally-unique identifier for this `Texture`.
    ///
    /// Calling this method multiple times on the same object will always return the same value.
    /// The returned value is guaranteed to be different for all resources created from the same `Instance`.
    pub fn global_id(&self) -> Id<Self> {
        Id(self.id.global_id(), PhantomData)
    }
}

impl QuerySet {
    /// Returns a globally-unique identifier for this `QuerySet`.
    ///
    /// Calling this method multiple times on the same object will always return the same value.
    /// The returned value is guaranteed to be different for all resources created from the same `Instance`.
    pub fn global_id(&self) -> Id<Self> {
        Id(self.id.global_id(), PhantomData)
    }
}

impl PipelineLayout {
    /// Returns a globally-unique identifier for this `PipelineLayout`.
    ///
    /// Calling this method multiple times on the same object will always return the same value.
    /// The returned value is guaranteed to be different for all resources created from the same `Instance`.
    pub fn global_id(&self) -> Id<Self> {
        Id(self.id.global_id(), PhantomData)
    }
}

impl RenderPipeline {
    /// Returns a globally-unique identifier for this `RenderPipeline`.
    ///
    /// Calling this method multiple times on the same object will always return the same value.
    /// The returned value is guaranteed to be different for all resources created from the same `Instance`.
    pub fn global_id(&self) -> Id<Self> {
        Id(self.id.global_id(), PhantomData)
    }
}

impl ComputePipeline {
    /// Returns a globally-unique identifier for this `ComputePipeline`.
    ///
    /// Calling this method multiple times on the same object will always return the same value.
    /// The returned value is guaranteed to be different for all resources created from the same `Instance`.
    pub fn global_id(&self) -> Id<Self> {
        Id(self.id.global_id(), PhantomData)
    }
}

impl RenderBundle {
    /// Returns a globally-unique identifier for this `RenderBundle`.
    ///
    /// Calling this method multiple times on the same object will always return the same value.
    /// The returned value is guaranteed to be different for all resources created from the same `Instance`.
    pub fn global_id(&self) -> Id<Self> {
        Id(self.id.global_id(), PhantomData)
    }
}

impl Surface<'_> {
    /// Returns a globally-unique identifier for this `Surface`.
    ///
    /// Calling this method multiple times on the same object will always return the same value.
    /// The returned value is guaranteed to be different for all resources created from the same `Instance`.
    pub fn global_id(&self) -> Id<Surface<'_>> {
        Id(self.id.global_id(), PhantomData)
    }
}

/// Type for the callback of uncaptured error handler
pub trait UncapturedErrorHandler: Fn(Error) + Send + 'static {}
impl<T> UncapturedErrorHandler for T where T: Fn(Error) + Send + 'static {}

/// Error type
#[derive(Debug)]
pub enum Error {
    /// Out of memory error
    OutOfMemory {
        /// Lower level source of the error.
        #[cfg(send_sync)]
        #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
        source: Box<dyn error::Error + Send + 'static>,
        /// Lower level source of the error.
        #[cfg(not(send_sync))]
        #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
        source: Box<dyn error::Error + 'static>,
    },
    /// Validation error, signifying a bug in code or data
    Validation {
        /// Lower level source of the error.
        #[cfg(send_sync)]
        #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
        source: Box<dyn error::Error + Send + 'static>,
        /// Lower level source of the error.
        #[cfg(not(send_sync))]
        #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
        source: Box<dyn error::Error + 'static>,
        /// Description of the validation error.
        description: String,
    },
    /// Internal error. Used for signalling any failures not explicitly expected by WebGPU.
    ///
    /// These could be due to internal implementation or system limits being reached.
    Internal {
        /// Lower level source of the error.
        #[cfg(send_sync)]
        #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
        source: Box<dyn error::Error + Send + 'static>,
        /// Lower level source of the error.
        #[cfg(not(send_sync))]
        #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
        source: Box<dyn error::Error + 'static>,
        /// Description of the internal GPU error.
        description: String,
    },
}
#[cfg(send_sync)]
static_assertions::assert_impl_all!(Error: Send);

impl error::Error for Error {
    fn source(&self) -> Option<&(dyn error::Error + 'static)> {
        match self {
            Error::OutOfMemory { source } => Some(source.as_ref()),
            Error::Validation { source, .. } => Some(source.as_ref()),
            Error::Internal { source, .. } => Some(source.as_ref()),
        }
    }
}

impl fmt::Display for Error {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        match self {
            Error::OutOfMemory { .. } => f.write_str("Out of Memory"),
            Error::Validation { description, .. } => f.write_str(description),
            Error::Internal { description, .. } => f.write_str(description),
        }
    }
}

use send_sync::*;

mod send_sync {
    use std::any::Any;
    use std::fmt;

    use wgt::WasmNotSendSync;

    pub trait AnyWasmNotSendSync: Any + WasmNotSendSync {
        fn upcast_any_ref(&self) -> &dyn Any;
    }
    impl<T: Any + WasmNotSendSync> AnyWasmNotSendSync for T {
        #[inline]
        fn upcast_any_ref(&self) -> &dyn Any {
            self
        }
    }

    impl dyn AnyWasmNotSendSync + 'static {
        #[inline]
        pub fn downcast_ref<T: 'static>(&self) -> Option<&T> {
            self.upcast_any_ref().downcast_ref::<T>()
        }
    }

    impl fmt::Debug for dyn AnyWasmNotSendSync {
        fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
            f.debug_struct("Any").finish_non_exhaustive()
        }
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use crate::BufferSize;

    #[test]
    fn range_to_offset_size_works() {
        assert_eq!(crate::range_to_offset_size(0..2), (0, BufferSize::new(2)));
        assert_eq!(crate::range_to_offset_size(2..5), (2, BufferSize::new(3)));
        assert_eq!(crate::range_to_offset_size(..), (0, None));
        assert_eq!(crate::range_to_offset_size(21..), (21, None));
        assert_eq!(crate::range_to_offset_size(0..), (0, None));
        assert_eq!(crate::range_to_offset_size(..21), (0, BufferSize::new(21)));
    }

    #[test]
    #[should_panic]
    fn range_to_offset_size_panics_for_empty_range() {
        crate::range_to_offset_size(123..123);
    }

    #[test]
    #[should_panic]
    fn range_to_offset_size_panics_for_unbounded_empty_range() {
        crate::range_to_offset_size(..0);
    }
}