// This file contains code from external sources.
// Attributions: https://github.com/wasmerio/wasmer/blob/master/ATTRIBUTIONS.md

//! Memory management for tables.
//!
//! `Table` is to WebAssembly tables what `LinearMemory` is to WebAssembly linear memories.

use crate::func_data_registry::VMFuncRef;
use crate::trap::{Trap, TrapCode};
use crate::vmcontext::VMTableDefinition;
use crate::VMExternRef;
use loupe::{MemoryUsage, MemoryUsageTracker};
#[cfg(feature = "enable-rkyv")]
use rkyv::{Archive, Deserialize as RkyvDeserialize, Serialize as RkyvSerialize};
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
use std::borrow::{Borrow, BorrowMut};
use std::cell::UnsafeCell;
use std::convert::TryFrom;
use std::fmt;
use std::ptr::NonNull;
use std::sync::Mutex;
use wasmer_types::{ExternRef, TableType, Type as ValType};

/// Implementation styles for WebAssembly tables.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Hash, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize, MemoryUsage)]
#[cfg_attr(
    feature = "enable-rkyv",
    derive(RkyvSerialize, RkyvDeserialize, Archive)
)]
pub enum TableStyle {
    /// Signatures are stored in the table and checked in the caller.
    CallerChecksSignature,
}

/// Trait for implementing the interface of a Wasm table.
pub trait Table: fmt::Debug + Send + Sync + MemoryUsage {
    /// Returns the style for this Table.
    fn style(&self) -> &TableStyle;

    /// Returns the type for this Table.
    fn ty(&self) -> &TableType;

    /// Returns the number of allocated elements.
    fn size(&self) -> u32;

    /// Grow table by the specified amount of elements.
    ///
    /// Returns `None` if table can't be grown by the specified amount
    /// of elements, otherwise returns the previous size of the table.
    fn grow(&self, delta: u32, init_value: TableElement) -> Option<u32>;

    /// Get reference to the specified element.
    ///
    /// Returns `None` if the index is out of bounds.
    fn get(&self, index: u32) -> Option<TableElement>;

    /// Set reference to the specified element.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// Returns an error if the index is out of bounds.
    fn set(&self, index: u32, reference: TableElement) -> Result<(), Trap>;

    /// Return a `VMTableDefinition` for exposing the table to compiled wasm code.
    fn vmtable(&self) -> NonNull<VMTableDefinition>;

    /// Copy `len` elements from `src_table[src_index..]` into `dst_table[dst_index..]`.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// Returns an error if the range is out of bounds of either the source or
    /// destination tables.
    fn copy(
        &self,
        src_table: &dyn Table,
        dst_index: u32,
        src_index: u32,
        len: u32,
    ) -> Result<(), Trap> {
        // https://webassembly.github.io/bulk-memory-operations/core/exec/instructions.html#exec-table-copy

        if src_index
            .checked_add(len)
            .map_or(true, |n| n > src_table.size())
        {
            return Err(Trap::lib(TrapCode::TableAccessOutOfBounds));
        }

        if dst_index.checked_add(len).map_or(true, |m| m > self.size()) {
            return Err(Trap::lib(TrapCode::TableAccessOutOfBounds));
        }

        let srcs = src_index..src_index + len;
        let dsts = dst_index..dst_index + len;

        // Note on the unwraps: the bounds check above means that these will
        // never panic.
        //
        // TODO: investigate replacing this get/set loop with a `memcpy`.
        if dst_index <= src_index {
            for (s, d) in (srcs).zip(dsts) {
                self.set(d, src_table.get(s).unwrap())?;
            }
        } else {
            for (s, d) in srcs.rev().zip(dsts.rev()) {
                self.set(d, src_table.get(s).unwrap())?;
            }
        }

        Ok(())
    }
}

/// A reference stored in a table. Can be either an externref or a funcref.
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub enum TableElement {
    /// Opaque pointer to arbitrary host data.
    // Note: we use `ExternRef` instead of `VMExternRef` here to ensure that we don't
    // leak by not dec-refing on failure types.
    ExternRef(ExternRef),
    /// Pointer to function: contains enough information to call it.
    FuncRef(VMFuncRef),
}

impl From<TableElement> for RawTableElement {
    fn from(other: TableElement) -> Self {
        match other {
            TableElement::ExternRef(extern_ref) => Self {
                extern_ref: extern_ref.into(),
            },
            TableElement::FuncRef(func_ref) => Self { func_ref },
        }
    }
}

#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
pub union RawTableElement {
    pub(crate) extern_ref: VMExternRef,
    pub(crate) func_ref: VMFuncRef,
}

#[cfg(test)]
#[test]
fn table_element_size_test() {
    use std::mem::size_of;
    assert_eq!(size_of::<RawTableElement>(), size_of::<VMExternRef>());
    assert_eq!(size_of::<RawTableElement>(), size_of::<VMFuncRef>());
}

impl MemoryUsage for RawTableElement {
    fn size_of_val(&self, _: &mut dyn MemoryUsageTracker) -> usize {
        std::mem::size_of_val(self)
    }
}

impl fmt::Debug for RawTableElement {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
        f.debug_struct("RawTableElement").finish()
    }
}

impl Default for RawTableElement {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self {
            func_ref: VMFuncRef::null(),
        }
    }
}

impl Default for TableElement {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self::FuncRef(VMFuncRef::null())
    }
}

/// A table instance.
#[derive(Debug, MemoryUsage)]
pub struct LinearTable {
    // TODO: we can remove the mutex by using atomic swaps and preallocating the max table size
    vec: Mutex<Vec<RawTableElement>>,
    maximum: Option<u32>,
    /// The WebAssembly table description.
    table: TableType,
    /// Our chosen implementation style.
    style: TableStyle,
    vm_table_definition: VMTableDefinitionOwnership,
}

/// A type to help manage who is responsible for the backing table of the
/// `VMTableDefinition`.
#[derive(Debug, MemoryUsage)]
enum VMTableDefinitionOwnership {
    /// The `VMTableDefinition` is owned by the `Instance` and we should use
    /// its table. This is how a local table that's exported should be stored.
    VMOwned(NonNull<VMTableDefinition>),
    /// The `VMTableDefinition` is owned by the host and we should manage its
    /// table. This is how an imported table that doesn't come from another
    /// Wasm module should be stored.
    HostOwned(Box<UnsafeCell<VMTableDefinition>>),
}

/// This is correct because there is no thread-specific data tied to this type.
unsafe impl Send for LinearTable {}
/// This is correct because all internal mutability is protected by a mutex.
unsafe impl Sync for LinearTable {}

impl LinearTable {
    /// Create a new linear table instance with specified minimum and maximum number of elements.
    ///
    /// This creates a `LinearTable` with metadata owned by a VM, pointed to by
    /// `vm_table_location`: this can be used to create a local table.
    pub fn new(table: &TableType, style: &TableStyle) -> Result<Self, String> {
        unsafe { Self::new_inner(table, style, None) }
    }

    /// Create a new linear table instance with specified minimum and maximum number of elements.
    ///
    /// This creates a `LinearTable` with metadata owned by a VM, pointed to by
    /// `vm_table_location`: this can be used to create a local table.
    ///
    /// # Safety
    /// - `vm_table_location` must point to a valid location in VM memory.
    pub unsafe fn from_definition(
        table: &TableType,
        style: &TableStyle,
        vm_table_location: NonNull<VMTableDefinition>,
    ) -> Result<Self, String> {
        Self::new_inner(table, style, Some(vm_table_location))
    }

    /// Create a new `LinearTable` with either self-owned or VM owned metadata.
    unsafe fn new_inner(
        table: &TableType,
        style: &TableStyle,
        vm_table_location: Option<NonNull<VMTableDefinition>>,
    ) -> Result<Self, String> {
        match table.ty {
            ValType::FuncRef | ValType::ExternRef => (),
            ty => {
                return Err(format!(
                    "tables of types other than funcref or externref ({})",
                    ty
                ))
            }
        };
        if let Some(max) = table.maximum {
            if max < table.minimum {
                return Err(format!(
                    "Table minimum ({}) is larger than maximum ({})!",
                    table.minimum, max
                ));
            }
        }
        let table_minimum = usize::try_from(table.minimum)
            .map_err(|_| "Table minimum is bigger than usize".to_string())?;
        let mut vec = vec![RawTableElement::default(); table_minimum];
        let base = vec.as_mut_ptr();
        match style {
            TableStyle::CallerChecksSignature => Ok(Self {
                vec: Mutex::new(vec),
                maximum: table.maximum,
                table: *table,
                style: style.clone(),
                vm_table_definition: if let Some(table_loc) = vm_table_location {
                    {
                        let mut ptr = table_loc;
                        let td = ptr.as_mut();
                        td.base = base as _;
                        td.current_elements = table_minimum as _;
                    }
                    VMTableDefinitionOwnership::VMOwned(table_loc)
                } else {
                    VMTableDefinitionOwnership::HostOwned(Box::new(UnsafeCell::new(
                        VMTableDefinition {
                            base: base as _,
                            current_elements: table_minimum as _,
                        },
                    )))
                },
            }),
        }
    }

    /// Get the `VMTableDefinition`.
    ///
    /// # Safety
    /// - You must ensure that you have mutually exclusive access before calling
    ///   this function. You can get this by locking the `vec` mutex.
    unsafe fn get_vm_table_definition(&self) -> NonNull<VMTableDefinition> {
        match &self.vm_table_definition {
            VMTableDefinitionOwnership::VMOwned(ptr) => *ptr,
            VMTableDefinitionOwnership::HostOwned(boxed_ptr) => {
                NonNull::new_unchecked(boxed_ptr.get())
            }
        }
    }
}

impl Table for LinearTable {
    /// Returns the type for this Table.
    fn ty(&self) -> &TableType {
        &self.table
    }

    /// Returns the style for this Table.
    fn style(&self) -> &TableStyle {
        &self.style
    }

    /// Returns the number of allocated elements.
    fn size(&self) -> u32 {
        // TODO: investigate this function for race conditions
        unsafe {
            let td_ptr = self.get_vm_table_definition();
            let td = td_ptr.as_ref();
            td.current_elements
        }
    }

    /// Grow table by the specified amount of elements.
    ///
    /// Returns `None` if table can't be grown by the specified amount
    /// of elements, otherwise returns the previous size of the table.
    fn grow(&self, delta: u32, init_value: TableElement) -> Option<u32> {
        let mut vec_guard = self.vec.lock().unwrap();
        let vec = vec_guard.borrow_mut();
        let size = self.size();
        let new_len = size.checked_add(delta)?;
        if self.maximum.map_or(false, |max| new_len > max) {
            return None;
        }
        if new_len == size {
            debug_assert_eq!(delta, 0);
            return Some(size);
        }

        // Update the ref count
        let element = match init_value {
            TableElement::ExternRef(extern_ref) => {
                let extern_ref: VMExternRef = extern_ref.into();
                // We reduce the amount we increment by because `into` prevents
                // dropping `init_value` (which is a caller-inc'd ref).
                (new_len as usize)
                    .checked_sub(size as usize + 1)
                    .map(|val| extern_ref.ref_inc_by(val));
                RawTableElement { extern_ref }
            }
            TableElement::FuncRef(func_ref) => RawTableElement { func_ref },
        };

        vec.resize(usize::try_from(new_len).unwrap(), element);

        // update table definition
        unsafe {
            let mut td_ptr = self.get_vm_table_definition();
            let td = td_ptr.as_mut();
            td.current_elements = new_len;
            td.base = vec.as_mut_ptr() as _;
        }
        Some(size)
    }

    /// Get reference to the specified element.
    ///
    /// Returns `None` if the index is out of bounds.
    fn get(&self, index: u32) -> Option<TableElement> {
        let vec_guard = self.vec.lock().unwrap();
        let raw_data = vec_guard.borrow().get(index as usize).cloned()?;
        Some(match self.table.ty {
            ValType::ExternRef => {
                TableElement::ExternRef(unsafe { raw_data.extern_ref.ref_clone() }.into())
            }
            ValType::FuncRef => TableElement::FuncRef(unsafe { raw_data.func_ref }),
            _ => todo!("getting invalid type from table, handle this error"),
        })
    }

    /// Set reference to the specified element.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// Returns an error if the index is out of bounds.
    fn set(&self, index: u32, reference: TableElement) -> Result<(), Trap> {
        let mut vec_guard = self.vec.lock().unwrap();
        let vec = vec_guard.borrow_mut();
        match vec.get_mut(index as usize) {
            Some(slot) => {
                match (self.table.ty, reference) {
                    (ValType::ExternRef, TableElement::ExternRef(extern_ref)) => {
                        let extern_ref = extern_ref.into();
                        unsafe {
                            let elem = &mut *slot;
                            elem.extern_ref.ref_drop();
                            elem.extern_ref = extern_ref
                        }
                    }
                    (ValType::FuncRef, r @ TableElement::FuncRef(_)) => {
                        let element_data = r.into();
                        *slot = element_data;
                    }
                    // This path should never be hit by the generated code due to Wasm
                    // validation.
                    (ty, v) => {
                        panic!(
                            "Attempted to set a table of type {} with the value {:?}",
                            ty, v
                        )
                    }
                };

                Ok(())
            }
            None => Err(Trap::lib(TrapCode::TableAccessOutOfBounds)),
        }
    }

    /// Return a `VMTableDefinition` for exposing the table to compiled wasm code.
    fn vmtable(&self) -> NonNull<VMTableDefinition> {
        let _vec_guard = self.vec.lock().unwrap();
        unsafe { self.get_vm_table_definition() }
    }
}