Struct vek::vec::repr_c::vec2::Vec2

#[repr(C)]pub struct Vec2<T> {
    pub x: T,
    pub y: T,
}

Vector type suited for 2D spatial coordinates.

Fields

x: T

y: T

Implementations

impl<T> Vec2<T>

pub const fn new(x: T, y: T) -> Self

Creates a vector from elements.

impl<T> Vec2<T>

pub fn broadcast(val: T) -> Self where
    T: Copy, 

Broadcasts a single value to all elements of a new vector.

This function is also named splat() in some libraries, or set1() in Intel intrinsics.

"Broadcast" was chosen as the name because it is explicit enough and is the same wording as the description in relevant Intel intrinsics.

assert_eq!(Vec4::broadcast(5), Vec4::new(5,5,5,5));
assert_eq!(Vec4::broadcast(5), Vec4::from(5));

pub fn zero() -> Self where
    T: Zero, 

Creates a new vector with all elements set to zero.

assert_eq!(Vec4::zero(), Vec4::new(0,0,0,0));
assert_eq!(Vec4::zero(), Vec4::broadcast(0));
assert_eq!(Vec4::zero(), Vec4::from(0));

pub fn one() -> Self where
    T: One, 

Creates a new vector with all elements set to one.

assert_eq!(Vec4::one(), Vec4::new(1,1,1,1));
assert_eq!(Vec4::one(), Vec4::broadcast(1));
assert_eq!(Vec4::one(), Vec4::from(1));

pub fn iota() -> Self where
    T: Zero + One + AddAssign + Copy, 

Produces a vector of the first n integers, starting from zero, where n is the number of elements for this vector type.

The iota (ι) function, originating from APL.

See this StackOverflow answer.

This is mostly useful for debugging purposes and tests.

assert_eq!(Vec4::iota(), Vec4::new(0, 1, 2, 3));

pub const fn elem_count(&self) -> usize

Convenience method which returns the number of elements of this vector.

let v = Vec4::new(0,1,2,3);
assert_eq!(v.elem_count(), 4);

pub const ELEM_COUNT: usize

Convenience constant representing the number of elements for this vector type.

pub fn into_tuple(self) -> (T, T)

Converts this into a tuple with the same number of elements by consuming.

pub fn into_array(self) -> [T; 2]

Converts this vector into a fixed-size array.

pub fn as_slice(&self) -> &[T]

View this vector as an immutable slice.

pub fn as_mut_slice(&mut self) -> &mut [T]

View this vector as a mutable slice.

pub fn from_slice(slice: &[T]) -> Self where
    T: Default + Copy, 

Collects the content of a slice into a new vector. Elements are initialized to their default values.

pub fn map<D, F>(self, mut f: F) -> Vec2<D> where
    F: FnMut(T) -> D, 

Returns a memberwise-converted copy of this vector, using the given conversion closure.

let v = Vec4::new(0_f32, 1., 1.8, 3.14);
let i = v.map(|x| x.round() as i32);
assert_eq!(i, Vec4::new(0, 1, 2, 3));

Performing LERP on integer vectors by concisely converting them to floats:

let a = Vec4::new(0,1,2,3).map(|x| x as f32);
let b = Vec4::new(2,3,4,5).map(|x| x as f32);
let v = Vec4::lerp(a, b, 0.5_f32).map(|x| x.round() as i32);
assert_eq!(v, Vec4::new(1,2,3,4));

pub fn map2<D, F, S>(self, other: Vec2<S>, mut f: F) -> Vec2<D> where
    F: FnMut(T, S) -> D, 

Applies the function f to each element of two vectors, pairwise, and returns the result.

let a = Vec4::<u8>::new(255, 254, 253, 252);
let b = Vec4::<u8>::new(1, 2, 3, 4);
let v = a.map2(b, |a, b| a.wrapping_add(b));
assert_eq!(v, Vec4::zero());
let v = a.map2(b, u8::wrapping_add);
assert_eq!(v, Vec4::zero());

pub fn map3<D, F, S1, S2>(self, a: Vec2<S1>, b: Vec2<S2>, mut f: F) -> Vec2<D> where
    F: FnMut(T, S1, S2) -> D, 

Applies the function f to each element of three vectors, and returns the result.

let a = Vec4::<u8>::new(255, 254, 253, 252);
let b = Vec4::<u8>::new(1, 2, 3, 4);
let c = Vec4::<u8>::new(1, 2, 3, 4);
let v = a.map3(b, c, |a, b, c| a.wrapping_add(b) + c);
assert_eq!(v, c);

pub fn apply<F>(&mut self, mut f: F) where
    T: Copy,
    F: FnMut(T) -> T, 

Applies the function f to each element of this vector, in-place.

let mut v = Vec4::new(0_u32, 1, 2, 3);
v.apply(|x| x.count_ones());
assert_eq!(v, Vec4::new(0, 1, 1, 2));

pub fn apply2<F, S>(&mut self, other: Vec2<S>, mut f: F) where
    T: Copy,
    F: FnMut(T, S) -> T, 

Applies the function f to each element of two vectors, pairwise, in-place.

let mut a = Vec4::<u8>::new(255, 254, 253, 252);
let b = Vec4::<u8>::new(1, 2, 3, 4);
a.apply2(b, |a, b| a.wrapping_add(b));
assert_eq!(a, Vec4::zero());
a.apply2(b, u8::wrapping_add);
assert_eq!(a, b);

pub fn apply3<F, S1, S2>(&mut self, a: Vec2<S1>, b: Vec2<S2>, mut f: F) where
    T: Copy,
    F: FnMut(T, S1, S2) -> T, 

Applies the function f to each element of three vectors, in-place.

let mut a = Vec4::<u8>::new(255, 254, 253, 252);
let b = Vec4::<u8>::new(1, 2, 3, 4);
let c = Vec4::<u8>::new(1, 2, 3, 4);
a.apply3(b, c, |a, b, c| a.wrapping_add(b) + c);
assert_eq!(a, c);

pub fn zip<S>(self, other: Vec2<S>) -> Vec2<(T, S)>

"Zips" two vectors together into a vector of tuples.

let a = Vec4::<u8>::new(255, 254, 253, 252);
let b = Vec4::<u8>::new(1, 2, 3, 4);
assert_eq!(a.zip(b), Vec4::new((255, 1), (254, 2), (253, 3), (252, 4)));

pub fn as_<D>(self) -> Vec2<D> where
    T: AsPrimitive<D>,
    D: 'static + Copy, 

Returns a memberwise-converted copy of this vector, using AsPrimitive.

Examples

let v = Vec4::new(0_f32, 1., 2., 3.);
let i: Vec4<i32> = v.as_();
assert_eq!(i, Vec4::new(0, 1, 2, 3));

Safety

In Rust versions before 1.45.0, some uses of the as operator were not entirely safe. In particular, it was undefined behavior if a truncated floating point value could not fit in the target integer type (#10184);

let x: u8 = (1.04E+17).as_(); // UB

pub fn numcast<D>(self) -> Option<Vec2<D>> where
    T: NumCast,
    D: NumCast, 

Returns a memberwise-converted copy of this vector, using NumCast.

let v = Vec4::new(0_f32, 1., 2., 3.);
let i: Vec4<i32> = v.numcast().unwrap();
assert_eq!(i, Vec4::new(0, 1, 2, 3));

pub fn mul_add<V0: Into<Self>, V1: Into<Self>>(self, mul: V0, add: V1) -> Self where
    T: MulAdd<T, T, Output = T>, 

Fused multiply-add. Returns self * mul + add, and may be implemented efficiently by the hardware.

The compiler is often able to detect this kind of operation, so generally you don't need to use it. However, it can make your intent clear.

The name for this method is the one used by the same operation on primitive floating-point types.

let a = Vec4::new(0,1,2,3);
let b = Vec4::new(4,5,6,7);
let c = Vec4::new(8,9,0,1);
assert_eq!(a*b+c, a.mul_add(b, c));

pub fn is_any_negative(&self) -> bool where
    T: Signed, 

Is any of the elements negative ?

This was intended for checking the validity of extent vectors, but can make sense for other types too.

pub fn are_all_positive(&self) -> bool where
    T: Signed, 

Are all of the elements positive ?

pub fn min<V0, V1>(a: V0, b: V1) -> Self where
    V0: Into<Self>,
    V1: Into<Self>,
    T: Ord, 

Compares elements of a and b, and returns the minimum values into a new vector, using total ordering.

let a = Vec4::new(0,1,2,3);
let b = Vec4::new(3,2,1,0);
let m = Vec4::new(0,1,1,0);
assert_eq!(m, Vec4::min(a, b));

pub fn max<V0, V1>(a: V0, b: V1) -> Self where
    V0: Into<Self>,
    V1: Into<Self>,
    T: Ord, 

Compares elements of a and b, and returns the maximum values into a new vector, using total ordering.

let a = Vec4::new(0,1,2,3);
let b = Vec4::new(3,2,1,0);
let m = Vec4::new(3,2,2,3);
assert_eq!(m, Vec4::max(a, b));

pub fn partial_min<V0, V1>(a: V0, b: V1) -> Self where
    V0: Into<Self>,
    V1: Into<Self>,
    T: PartialOrd, 

Compares elements of a and b, and returns the minimum values into a new vector, using partial ordering.

let a = Vec4::new(0,1,2,3);
let b = Vec4::new(3,2,1,0);
let m = Vec4::new(0,1,1,0);
assert_eq!(m, Vec4::partial_min(a, b));

pub fn partial_max<V0, V1>(a: V0, b: V1) -> Self where
    V0: Into<Self>,
    V1: Into<Self>,
    T: PartialOrd, 

Compares elements of a and b, and returns the maximum values into a new vector, using partial ordering.

let a = Vec4::new(0,1,2,3);
let b = Vec4::new(3,2,1,0);
let m = Vec4::new(3,2,2,3);
assert_eq!(m, Vec4::partial_max(a, b));

pub fn reduce_min(self) -> T where
    T: Ord, 

Returns the element which has the lowest value in this vector, using total ordering.

assert_eq!(-5, Vec4::new(0, 5, -5, 8).reduce_min());

pub fn reduce_max(self) -> T where
    T: Ord, 

Returns the element which has the highest value in this vector, using total ordering.

assert_eq!(8, Vec4::new(0, 5, -5, 8).reduce_max());

pub fn reduce_partial_min(self) -> T where
    T: PartialOrd, 

Returns the element which has the lowest value in this vector, using partial ordering.

assert_eq!(-5_f32, Vec4::new(0_f32, 5., -5., 8.).reduce_partial_min());

pub fn reduce_partial_max(self) -> T where
    T: PartialOrd, 

Returns the element which has the highest value in this vector, using partial ordering.

assert_eq!(8_f32, Vec4::new(0_f32, 5., -5., 8.).reduce_partial_max());

pub fn reduce_bitand(self) -> T where
    T: BitAnd<T, Output = T>, 

Returns the result of bitwise-AND (&) on all elements of this vector.

assert_eq!(true,  Vec4::new(true, true, true, true).reduce_bitand());
assert_eq!(false, Vec4::new(true, false, true, true).reduce_bitand());
assert_eq!(false, Vec4::new(true, true, true, false).reduce_bitand());

pub fn reduce_bitor(self) -> T where
    T: BitOr<T, Output = T>, 

Returns the result of bitwise-OR (|) on all elements of this vector.

assert_eq!(false, Vec4::new(false, false, false, false).reduce_bitor());
assert_eq!(true,  Vec4::new(false, false, true, false).reduce_bitor());

pub fn reduce_bitxor(self) -> T where
    T: BitXor<T, Output = T>, 

Returns the result of bitwise-XOR (^) on all elements of this vector.

assert_eq!(false, Vec4::new(true, true, true, true).reduce_bitxor());
assert_eq!(true,  Vec4::new(true, false, true, true).reduce_bitxor());

pub fn reduce<F>(self, mut f: F) -> T where
    F: FnMut(T, T) -> T, 

Reduces this vector with the given accumulator closure.

pub fn product(self) -> T where
    T: Mul<Output = T>, 

Returns the product of each of this vector's elements.

assert_eq!(1*2*3*4, Vec4::new(1, 2, 3, 4).product());

pub fn sum(self) -> T where
    T: Add<T, Output = T>, 

Returns the sum of each of this vector's elements.

assert_eq!(1+2+3+4, Vec4::new(1, 2, 3, 4).sum());

pub fn average(self) -> T where
    T: Add<T, Output = T> + Div<T, Output = T> + From<u8>, 

Returns the average of this vector's elements.

assert_eq!(2.5_f32, Vec4::new(1_f32, 2., 3., 4.).average());

You should avoid using it on u8 vectors, not only because integer overflows cause panics in debug mode, but also because of integer division, the result may not be the one you expect.

// This causes a panic!
let red = Vec4::new(255u8, 1, 0, 0);
let grey_level = red.average();
assert_eq!(grey_level, 128);

You may want to convert the elements to bigger integers (or floating-point) instead:

let red = Vec4::new(255u8, 1, 128, 128);

let red = red.map(|c| c as u16);
let grey_level = red.average() as u8;
assert_eq!(grey_level, 128);

let red = red.map(|c| c as f32);
let grey_level = red.average().round() as u8;
assert_eq!(grey_level, 128);

pub fn sqrt(self) -> Self where
    T: Real, 

Returns a new vector which elements are the respective square roots of this vector's elements.

let v = Vec4::new(1f32, 2f32, 3f32, 4f32);
let s = Vec4::new(1f32, 4f32, 9f32, 16f32);
assert_eq!(v, s.sqrt());

pub fn rsqrt(self) -> Self where
    T: Real, 

Returns a new vector which elements are the respective reciprocal square roots of this vector's elements.

let v = Vec4::new(1f32, 0.5f32, 1f32/3f32, 0.25f32);
let s = Vec4::new(1f32, 4f32, 9f32, 16f32);
assert_eq!(v, s.rsqrt());

pub fn recip(self) -> Self where
    T: Real, 

Returns a new vector which elements are the respective reciprocal of this vector's elements.

let v = Vec4::new(1f32, 0.5f32, 0.25f32, 0.125f32);
let s = Vec4::new(1f32, 2f32, 4f32, 8f32);
assert_eq!(v, s.recip());
assert_eq!(s, v.recip());

pub fn ceil(self) -> Self where
    T: Real, 

Returns a new vector which elements are rounded to the nearest greater integer.

let v = Vec4::new(0_f32, 1., 1.8, 3.14);
assert_eq!(v.ceil(), Vec4::new(0f32, 1f32, 2f32, 4f32));

pub fn floor(self) -> Self where
    T: Real, 

Returns a new vector which elements are rounded down to the nearest lower integer.

let v = Vec4::new(0_f32, 1., 1.8, 3.14);
assert_eq!(v.floor(), Vec4::new(0f32, 1f32, 1f32, 3f32));

pub fn round(self) -> Self where
    T: Real, 

Returns a new vector which elements are rounded to the nearest integer.

let v = Vec4::new(0_f32, 1., 1.8, 3.14);
assert_eq!(v.round(), Vec4::new(0f32, 1f32, 2f32, 3f32));

pub fn hadd(self, rhs: Self) -> Self where
    T: Add<T, Output = T>, 

Horizontally adds adjacent pairs of elements in self and rhs into a new vector.

let a = Vec4::new(0, 1, 2, 3);
let b = Vec4::new(4, 5, 6, 7);
let h = Vec4::new(0+1, 2+3, 4+5, 6+7);
assert_eq!(h, a.hadd(b));

pub fn partial_cmpeq<Rhs: AsRef<Self>>(&self, rhs: &Rhs) -> Vec2<bool> where
    T: PartialEq, 

Compares each element of two vectors with the partial equality test, returning a boolean vector.

let u = Vec4::new(0,2,2,6);
let v = Vec4::new(0,1,2,3);
assert_eq!(u.partial_cmpeq(&v), Vec4::new(true, false, true, false));

pub fn partial_cmpne<Rhs: AsRef<Self>>(&self, rhs: &Rhs) -> Vec2<bool> where
    T: PartialEq, 

Compares each element of two vectors with the partial not-equal test, returning a boolean vector.

let u = Vec4::new(0,2,2,6);
let v = Vec4::new(0,1,2,3);
assert_eq!(u.partial_cmpne(&v), Vec4::new(false, true, false, true));

pub fn partial_cmpge<Rhs: AsRef<Self>>(&self, rhs: &Rhs) -> Vec2<bool> where
    T: PartialOrd, 

Compares each element of two vectors with the partial greater-or-equal test, returning a boolean vector.

let u = Vec4::new(0,2,2,2);
let v = Vec4::new(0,1,2,3);
assert_eq!(u.partial_cmpge(&v), Vec4::new(true, true, true, false));

pub fn partial_cmpgt<Rhs: AsRef<Self>>(&self, rhs: &Rhs) -> Vec2<bool> where
    T: PartialOrd, 

Compares each element of two vectors with the partial greater-than test, returning a boolean vector.

let u = Vec4::new(0,2,2,6);
let v = Vec4::new(0,1,2,3);
assert_eq!(u.partial_cmpgt(&v), Vec4::new(false, true, false, true));

pub fn partial_cmple<Rhs: AsRef<Self>>(&self, rhs: &Rhs) -> Vec2<bool> where
    T: PartialOrd, 

Compares each element of two vectors with the partial less-or-equal test, returning a boolean vector.

let u = Vec4::new(0,2,2,2);
let v = Vec4::new(0,1,2,3);
assert_eq!(u.partial_cmple(&v), Vec4::new(true, false, true, true));

pub fn partial_cmplt<Rhs: AsRef<Self>>(&self, rhs: &Rhs) -> Vec2<bool> where
    T: PartialOrd, 

Compares each element of two vectors with the partial less-than test, returning a boolean vector.

let u = Vec4::new(0,2,2,2);
let v = Vec4::new(0,1,2,3);
assert_eq!(u.partial_cmplt(&v), Vec4::new(false, false, false, true));

pub fn cmpeq<Rhs: AsRef<Self>>(&self, rhs: &Rhs) -> Vec2<bool> where
    T: Eq, 

Compares each element of two vectors with the partial equality test, returning a boolean vector.

let u = Vec4::new(0,2,2,6);
let v = Vec4::new(0,1,2,3);
assert_eq!(u.cmpeq(&v), Vec4::new(true, false, true, false));

pub fn cmpne<Rhs: AsRef<Self>>(&self, rhs: &Rhs) -> Vec2<bool> where
    T: Eq, 

Compares each element of two vectors with the total not-equal test, returning a boolean vector.

let u = Vec4::new(0,2,2,6);
let v = Vec4::new(0,1,2,3);
assert_eq!(u.cmpne(&v), Vec4::new(false, true, false, true));

pub fn cmpge<Rhs: AsRef<Self>>(&self, rhs: &Rhs) -> Vec2<bool> where
    T: Ord, 

Compares each element of two vectors with the total greater-or-equal test, returning a boolean vector.

let u = Vec4::new(0,2,2,2);
let v = Vec4::new(0,1,2,3);
assert_eq!(u.cmpge(&v), Vec4::new(true, true, true, false));

pub fn cmpgt<Rhs: AsRef<Self>>(&self, rhs: &Rhs) -> Vec2<bool> where
    T: Ord, 

Compares each element of two vectors with the total greater-than test, returning a boolean vector.

let u = Vec4::new(0,2,2,6);
let v = Vec4::new(0,1,2,3);
assert_eq!(u.cmpgt(&v), Vec4::new(false, true, false, true));

pub fn cmple<Rhs: AsRef<Self>>(&self, rhs: &Rhs) -> Vec2<bool> where
    T: Ord, 

Compares each element of two vectors with the total less-or-equal test, returning a boolean vector.

let u = Vec4::new(0,2,2,2);
let v = Vec4::new(0,1,2,3);
assert_eq!(u.cmple(&v), Vec4::new(true, false, true, true));

pub fn cmplt<Rhs: AsRef<Self>>(&self, rhs: &Rhs) -> Vec2<bool> where
    T: Ord, 

Compares each element of two vectors with the total less-than test, returning a boolean vector.

let u = Vec4::new(0,2,2,2);
let v = Vec4::new(0,1,2,3);
assert_eq!(u.cmplt(&v), Vec4::new(false, false, false, true));

pub fn lerp_unclamped_precise<S: Into<Self>>(
    from: Self,
    to: Self,
    factor: S
) -> Self where
    T: Copy + One + Mul<Output = T> + Sub<Output = T> + MulAdd<T, T, Output = T>, 

Returns the linear interpolation of from to to with factor unconstrained. See the Lerp trait.

pub fn lerp_unclamped<S: Into<Self>>(from: Self, to: Self, factor: S) -> Self where
    T: Copy + Sub<Output = T> + MulAdd<T, T, Output = T>, 

Same as lerp_unclamped_precise, implemented as a possibly faster but less precise operation. See the Lerp trait.

pub fn lerp<S: Into<Self> + Clamp + Zero + One>(
    from: Self,
    to: Self,
    factor: S
) -> Self where
    T: Copy + Sub<Output = T> + MulAdd<T, T, Output = T>, 

Returns the linear interpolation of from to to with factor constrained to be between 0 and 1. See the Lerp trait.

pub fn lerp_precise<S: Into<Self> + Clamp + Zero + One>(
    from: Self,
    to: Self,
    factor: S
) -> Self where
    T: Copy + One + Mul<Output = T> + Sub<Output = T> + MulAdd<T, T, Output = T>, 

Returns the linear interpolation of from to to with factor constrained to be between 0 and 1. See the Lerp trait.

impl Vec2<bool>

pub fn reduce_and(self) -> bool

Returns the result of logical AND (&&) on all elements of this vector.

assert_eq!(true,  Vec4::new(true, true, true, true).reduce_and());
assert_eq!(false, Vec4::new(true, false, true, true).reduce_and());
assert_eq!(false, Vec4::new(true, true, true, false).reduce_and());

pub fn reduce_or(self) -> bool

Returns the result of logical OR (||) on all elements of this vector.

assert_eq!(false, Vec4::new(false, false, false, false).reduce_or());
assert_eq!(true,  Vec4::new(false, false, true, false).reduce_or());

pub fn reduce_ne(self) -> bool

Reduces this vector using total inequality.

assert_eq!(false, Vec4::new(true, true, true, true).reduce_ne());
assert_eq!(true,  Vec4::new(true, false, true, true).reduce_ne());

impl<T> Vec2<T>

pub fn dot(self, v: Self) -> T where
    T: Add<T, Output = T> + Mul<Output = T>, 

Dot product between this vector and another.

pub fn magnitude_squared(self) -> T where
    T: Copy + Add<T, Output = T> + Mul<Output = T>, 

The squared magnitude of a vector is its spatial length, squared. It is slightly cheaper to compute than magnitude because it avoids a square root.

pub fn magnitude(self) -> T where
    T: Add<T, Output = T> + Real, 

The magnitude of a vector is its spatial length.

pub fn distance_squared(self, v: Self) -> T where
    T: Copy + Add<T, Output = T> + Sub<Output = T> + Mul<Output = T>, 

Squared distance between two point vectors. It is slightly cheaper to compute than distance because it avoids a square root.

pub fn distance(self, v: Self) -> T where
    T: Add<T, Output = T> + Real, 

Distance between two point vectors.

pub fn normalized(self) -> Self where
    T: Add<T, Output = T> + Real, 

Get a copy of this direction vector such that its length equals 1.

pub fn try_normalized<E>(self) -> Option<Self> where
    T: RelativeEq<Epsilon = E> + Add<T, Output = T> + Real,
    E: Add<Output = E> + Real, 

Get a copy of this direction vector such that its length equals 1. If all components approximately zero, None is returned (uses RelativeEq).

pub fn normalize(&mut self) where
    T: Add<T, Output = T> + Real, 

Divide this vector's components such that its length equals 1.

pub fn is_normalized<E>(self) -> bool where
    T: RelativeEq<Epsilon = E> + Add<T, Output = T> + Real,
    E: Real, 

Is this vector normalized ? (Uses RelativeEq)

pub fn is_approx_zero<E>(self) -> bool where
    T: RelativeEq<Epsilon = E> + Add<T, Output = T> + Real,
    E: Real, 

Is this vector approximately zero ? (Uses RelativeEq)

pub fn is_magnitude_close_to<E>(self, x: T) -> bool where
    T: RelativeEq<Epsilon = E> + Add<T, Output = T> + Real,
    E: Real, 

Is the magnitude of the vector close to x ? (Uses RelativeEq)

pub fn angle_between(self, v: Self) -> T where
    T: Add<T, Output = T> + Real + Clamp, 

Get the smallest angle, in radians, between two direction vectors.

pub fn angle_between_degrees(self, v: Self) -> T where
    T: Add<T, Output = T> + Real + Clamp, 

👎 Deprecated:

Use to_degrees() on the value returned by angle_between() instead

Get the smallest angle, in degrees, between two direction vectors.

pub fn reflected(self, surface_normal: Self) -> Self where
    T: Copy + Add<T, Output = T> + Mul<Output = T> + Sub<Output = T> + Add<Output = T>, 

The reflection direction for this vector on a surface which normal is given.

pub fn refracted(self, surface_normal: Self, eta: T) -> Self where
    T: Real + Add<T, Output = T> + Mul<Output = T>, 

The refraction vector for this incident vector, a surface normal and a ratio of indices of refraction (eta).

pub fn face_forward(self, incident: Self, reference: Self) -> Self where
    T: Add<T, Output = T> + Mul<Output = T> + Zero + PartialOrd + Neg<Output = T>, 

Orients a vector to point away from a surface as defined by its normal.

impl<T> Vec2<T>

pub fn determine_side(self, a: Self, b: Self) -> T where
    T: Copy + Sub<Output = T> + Mul<Output = T>, 

A signed value which tells in which half-space of the line segment ab this point lies.

Returns:

• < 0: This point lies in the half-space right of segment ab.
• == 0: This point lies in the infinite line along segment ab.
• > 0: This point lies in the half-space left of segment ab.

pub fn signed_triangle_area(a: Self, b: Self, c: Self) -> T where
    T: Copy + Sub<Output = T> + Mul<Output = T> + One + Div<Output = T> + Add<Output = T>, 

The signed area of the triangle defined by points (a, b, c).

pub fn triangle_area(a: Self, b: Self, c: Self) -> T where
    T: Copy + Sub<Output = T> + Mul<Output = T> + One + Div<Output = T> + Add<Output = T> + PartialOrd + Neg<Output = T>, 

The area of the triangle defined by points (a, b, c).

pub fn rotated_z(self, angle_radians: T) -> Self where
    T: Real, 

Returns this vector rotated in 2D, counter-clockwise.

use std::f32::consts::PI;

assert_relative_eq!(Vec2::unit_x().rotated_z(0_f32), Vec2::unit_x());
assert_relative_eq!(Vec2::unit_x().rotated_z(PI/2.), Vec2::unit_y());
assert_relative_eq!(Vec2::unit_x().rotated_z(PI), -Vec2::unit_x());
assert_relative_eq!(Vec2::unit_x().rotated_z(PI*1.5), -Vec2::unit_y());
assert_relative_eq!(Vec2::unit_x().rotated_z(PI*2.), Vec2::unit_x(), epsilon = 0.000001);

pub fn rotate_z(&mut self, angle_radians: T) where
    T: Real, 

Rotates this vector in 2D. See rotated_z().

pub fn unit_x() -> Self where
    T: Zero + One, 

Get the unit vector which has x set to 1.

pub fn unit_y() -> Self where
    T: Zero + One, 

Get the unit vector which has y set to 1.

pub fn left() -> Self where
    T: Zero + One + Neg<Output = T>, 

Get the unit vector which has x set to -1.

pub fn right() -> Self where
    T: Zero + One, 

Get the unit vector which has x set to 1.

pub fn up() -> Self where
    T: Zero + One, 

Get the unit vector which has y set to 1. This is not intended for screen-space coordinates (in which case the Y axis is reversed). When in doubt, just use unit_y() instead.

pub fn down() -> Self where
    T: Zero + One + Neg<Output = T>, 

Get the unit vector which has y set to -1. This is not intended for screen-space coordinates (in which case the Y axis is reversed). When in doubt, just use unit_y() instead.

impl<T> Vec2<T>

pub fn yx(self) -> Self

Returns a copy of this vector, with X and Y swapped.

impl<T> CVec<T>

pub fn into_repr_simd(self) -> Vec2<T>

Converts this vector into its #[repr(simd)] counterpart.

Methods from Deref<Target = [T]>

pub const fn len(&self) -> usize

Returns the number of elements in the slice.

Examples

let a = [1, 2, 3];
assert_eq!(a.len(), 3);

pub const fn is_empty(&self) -> bool

Returns true if the slice has a length of 0.

Examples

let a = [1, 2, 3];
assert!(!a.is_empty());

pub fn first(&self) -> Option<&T>

Returns the first element of the slice, or None if it is empty.

Examples

let v = [10, 40, 30];
assert_eq!(Some(&10), v.first());

let w: &[i32] = &[];
assert_eq!(None, w.first());

pub fn first_mut(&mut self) -> Option<&mut T>

Returns a mutable pointer to the first element of the slice, or None if it is empty.

Examples

let x = &mut [0, 1, 2];

if let Some(first) = x.first_mut() {
    *first = 5;
}
assert_eq!(x, &[5, 1, 2]);

pub fn split_first(&self) -> Option<(&T, &[T])>

Returns the first and all the rest of the elements of the slice, or None if it is empty.

Examples

let x = &[0, 1, 2];

if let Some((first, elements)) = x.split_first() {
    assert_eq!(first, &0);
    assert_eq!(elements, &[1, 2]);
}

pub fn split_first_mut(&mut self) -> Option<(&mut T, &mut [T])>

Returns the first and all the rest of the elements of the slice, or None if it is empty.

Examples

let x = &mut [0, 1, 2];

if let Some((first, elements)) = x.split_first_mut() {
    *first = 3;
    elements[0] = 4;
    elements[1] = 5;
}
assert_eq!(x, &[3, 4, 5]);

pub fn split_last(&self) -> Option<(&T, &[T])>

Returns the last and all the rest of the elements of the slice, or None if it is empty.

Examples

let x = &[0, 1, 2];

if let Some((last, elements)) = x.split_last() {
    assert_eq!(last, &2);
    assert_eq!(elements, &[0, 1]);
}

pub fn split_last_mut(&mut self) -> Option<(&mut T, &mut [T])>

Returns the last and all the rest of the elements of the slice, or None if it is empty.

Examples

let x = &mut [0, 1, 2];

if let Some((last, elements)) = x.split_last_mut() {
    *last = 3;
    elements[0] = 4;
    elements[1] = 5;
}
assert_eq!(x, &[4, 5, 3]);

pub fn last(&self) -> Option<&T>

Returns the last element of the slice, or None if it is empty.

Examples

let v = [10, 40, 30];
assert_eq!(Some(&30), v.last());

let w: &[i32] = &[];
assert_eq!(None, w.last());

pub fn last_mut(&mut self) -> Option<&mut T>

Returns a mutable pointer to the last item in the slice.

Examples

let x = &mut [0, 1, 2];

if let Some(last) = x.last_mut() {
    *last = 10;
}
assert_eq!(x, &[0, 1, 10]);

pub fn get<I>(&self, index: I) -> Option<&<I as SliceIndex<[T]>>::Output> where
    I: SliceIndex<[T]>, 

Returns a reference to an element or subslice depending on the type of index.

• If given a position, returns a reference to the element at that position or None if out of bounds.
• If given a range, returns the subslice corresponding to that range, or None if out of bounds.

Examples

let v = [10, 40, 30];
assert_eq!(Some(&40), v.get(1));
assert_eq!(Some(&[10, 40][..]), v.get(0..2));
assert_eq!(None, v.get(3));
assert_eq!(None, v.get(0..4));

pub fn get_mut<I>(
    &mut self,
    index: I
) -> Option<&mut <I as SliceIndex<[T]>>::Output> where
    I: SliceIndex<[T]>, 

Returns a mutable reference to an element or subslice depending on the type of index (see get) or None if the index is out of bounds.

Examples

let x = &mut [0, 1, 2];

if let Some(elem) = x.get_mut(1) {
    *elem = 42;
}
assert_eq!(x, &[0, 42, 2]);

pub unsafe fn get_unchecked<I>(
    &self,
    index: I
) -> &<I as SliceIndex<[T]>>::Output where
    I: SliceIndex<[T]>, 

Returns a reference to an element or subslice, without doing bounds checking.

For a safe alternative see get.

Safety

Calling this method with an out-of-bounds index is undefined behavior even if the resulting reference is not used.

Examples

let x = &[1, 2, 4];

unsafe {
    assert_eq!(x.get_unchecked(1), &2);
}

pub unsafe fn get_unchecked_mut<I>(
    &mut self,
    index: I
) -> &mut <I as SliceIndex<[T]>>::Output where
    I: SliceIndex<[T]>, 

Returns a mutable reference to an element or subslice, without doing bounds checking.

For a safe alternative see get_mut.

Safety

Calling this method with an out-of-bounds index is undefined behavior even if the resulting reference is not used.

Examples

let x = &mut [1, 2, 4];

unsafe {
    let elem = x.get_unchecked_mut(1);
    *elem = 13;
}
assert_eq!(x, &[1, 13, 4]);

pub const fn as_ptr(&self) -> *const T

Returns a raw pointer to the slice's buffer.

The caller must ensure that the slice outlives the pointer this function returns, or else it will end up pointing to garbage.

The caller must also ensure that the memory the pointer (non-transitively) points to is never written to (except inside an UnsafeCell) using this pointer or any pointer derived from it. If you need to mutate the contents of the slice, use as_mut_ptr.

Modifying the container referenced by this slice may cause its buffer to be reallocated, which would also make any pointers to it invalid.

Examples

let x = &[1, 2, 4];
let x_ptr = x.as_ptr();

unsafe {
    for i in 0..x.len() {
        assert_eq!(x.get_unchecked(i), &*x_ptr.add(i));
    }
}

pub const fn as_mut_ptr(&mut self) -> *mut T

Returns an unsafe mutable pointer to the slice's buffer.

The caller must ensure that the slice outlives the pointer this function returns, or else it will end up pointing to garbage.

Modifying the container referenced by this slice may cause its buffer to be reallocated, which would also make any pointers to it invalid.

Examples

let x = &mut [1, 2, 4];
let x_ptr = x.as_mut_ptr();

unsafe {
    for i in 0..x.len() {
        *x_ptr.add(i) += 2;
    }
}
assert_eq!(x, &[3, 4, 6]);

pub const fn as_ptr_range(&self) -> Range<*const T>

Returns the two raw pointers spanning the slice.

The returned range is half-open, which means that the end pointer points one past the last element of the slice. This way, an empty slice is represented by two equal pointers, and the difference between the two pointers represents the size of the slice.

See as_ptr for warnings on using these pointers. The end pointer requires extra caution, as it does not point to a valid element in the slice.

This function is useful for interacting with foreign interfaces which use two pointers to refer to a range of elements in memory, as is common in C++.

It can also be useful to check if a pointer to an element refers to an element of this slice:

let a = [1, 2, 3];
let x = &a[1] as *const _;
let y = &5 as *const _;

assert!(a.as_ptr_range().contains(&x));
assert!(!a.as_ptr_range().contains(&y));

pub const fn as_mut_ptr_range(&mut self) -> Range<*mut T>

Returns the two unsafe mutable pointers spanning the slice.

The returned range is half-open, which means that the end pointer points one past the last element of the slice. This way, an empty slice is represented by two equal pointers, and the difference between the two pointers represents the size of the slice.

See as_mut_ptr for warnings on using these pointers. The end pointer requires extra caution, as it does not point to a valid element in the slice.

This function is useful for interacting with foreign interfaces which use two pointers to refer to a range of elements in memory, as is common in C++.

pub fn swap(&mut self, a: usize, b: usize)

Swaps two elements in the slice.

Arguments

• a - The index of the first element
• b - The index of the second element

Panics

Panics if a or b are out of bounds.

Examples

let mut v = ["a", "b", "c", "d"];
v.swap(1, 3);
assert!(v == ["a", "d", "c", "b"]);

pub fn reverse(&mut self)

Reverses the order of elements in the slice, in place.

Examples

let mut v = [1, 2, 3];
v.reverse();
assert!(v == [3, 2, 1]);

pub fn iter(&self) -> Iter<'_, T>

Returns an iterator over the slice.

Examples

let x = &[1, 2, 4];
let mut iterator = x.iter();

assert_eq!(iterator.next(), Some(&1));
assert_eq!(iterator.next(), Some(&2));
assert_eq!(iterator.next(), Some(&4));
assert_eq!(iterator.next(), None);

pub fn iter_mut(&mut self) -> IterMut<'_, T>

Returns an iterator that allows modifying each value.

Examples

let x = &mut [1, 2, 4];
for elem in x.iter_mut() {
    *elem += 2;
}
assert_eq!(x, &[3, 4, 6]);

pub fn windows(&self, size: usize) -> Windows<'_, T>

Returns an iterator over all contiguous windows of length size. The windows overlap. If the slice is shorter than size, the iterator returns no values.

Panics

Panics if size is 0.

Examples

let slice = ['r', 'u', 's', 't'];
let mut iter = slice.windows(2);
assert_eq!(iter.next().unwrap(), &['r', 'u']);
assert_eq!(iter.next().unwrap(), &['u', 's']);
assert_eq!(iter.next().unwrap(), &['s', 't']);
assert!(iter.next().is_none());

If the slice is shorter than size:

let slice = ['f', 'o', 'o'];
let mut iter = slice.windows(4);
assert!(iter.next().is_none());

pub fn chunks(&self, chunk_size: usize) -> Chunks<'_, T>

Returns an iterator over chunk_size elements of the slice at a time, starting at the beginning of the slice.

The chunks are slices and do not overlap. If chunk_size does not divide the length of the slice, then the last chunk will not have length chunk_size.

See chunks_exact for a variant of this iterator that returns chunks of always exactly chunk_size elements, and rchunks for the same iterator but starting at the end of the slice.

Panics

Panics if chunk_size is 0.

Examples

let slice = ['l', 'o', 'r', 'e', 'm'];
let mut iter = slice.chunks(2);
assert_eq!(iter.next().unwrap(), &['l', 'o']);
assert_eq!(iter.next().unwrap(), &['r', 'e']);
assert_eq!(iter.next().unwrap(), &['m']);
assert!(iter.next().is_none());

pub fn chunks_mut(&mut self, chunk_size: usize) -> ChunksMut<'_, T>

Returns an iterator over chunk_size elements of the slice at a time, starting at the beginning of the slice.

The chunks are mutable slices, and do not overlap. If chunk_size does not divide the length of the slice, then the last chunk will not have length chunk_size.

See chunks_exact_mut for a variant of this iterator that returns chunks of always exactly chunk_size elements, and rchunks_mut for the same iterator but starting at the end of the slice.

Panics

Panics if chunk_size is 0.

Examples

let v = &mut [0, 0, 0, 0, 0];
let mut count = 1;

for chunk in v.chunks_mut(2) {
    for elem in chunk.iter_mut() {
        *elem += count;
    }
    count += 1;
}
assert_eq!(v, &[1, 1, 2, 2, 3]);

pub fn chunks_exact(&self, chunk_size: usize) -> ChunksExact<'_, T>

Returns an iterator over chunk_size elements of the slice at a time, starting at the beginning of the slice.

The chunks are slices and do not overlap. If chunk_size does not divide the length of the slice, then the last up to chunk_size-1 elements will be omitted and can be retrieved from the remainder function of the iterator.

Due to each chunk having exactly chunk_size elements, the compiler can often optimize the resulting code better than in the case of chunks.

See chunks for a variant of this iterator that also returns the remainder as a smaller chunk, and rchunks_exact for the same iterator but starting at the end of the slice.

Panics

Panics if chunk_size is 0.

Examples

let slice = ['l', 'o', 'r', 'e', 'm'];
let mut iter = slice.chunks_exact(2);
assert_eq!(iter.next().unwrap(), &['l', 'o']);
assert_eq!(iter.next().unwrap(), &['r', 'e']);
assert!(iter.next().is_none());
assert_eq!(iter.remainder(), &['m']);

pub fn chunks_exact_mut(&mut self, chunk_size: usize) -> ChunksExactMut<'_, T>

Returns an iterator over chunk_size elements of the slice at a time, starting at the beginning of the slice.

The chunks are mutable slices, and do not overlap. If chunk_size does not divide the length of the slice, then the last up to chunk_size-1 elements will be omitted and can be retrieved from the into_remainder function of the iterator.

Due to each chunk having exactly chunk_size elements, the compiler can often optimize the resulting code better than in the case of chunks_mut.

See chunks_mut for a variant of this iterator that also returns the remainder as a smaller chunk, and rchunks_exact_mut for the same iterator but starting at the end of the slice.

Panics

Panics if chunk_size is 0.

Examples

let v = &mut [0, 0, 0, 0, 0];
let mut count = 1;

for chunk in v.chunks_exact_mut(2) {
    for elem in chunk.iter_mut() {
        *elem += count;
    }
    count += 1;
}
assert_eq!(v, &[1, 1, 2, 2, 0]);

pub unsafe fn as_chunks_unchecked<const N: usize>(&self) -> &[[T; N]]

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (slice_as_chunks)

Splits the slice into a slice of N-element arrays, assuming that there's no remainder.

Safety

This may only be called when

• The slice splits exactly into N-element chunks (aka self.len() % N == 0).
• N != 0.

Examples

#![feature(slice_as_chunks)]
let slice: &[char] = &['l', 'o', 'r', 'e', 'm', '!'];
let chunks: &[[char; 1]] =
    // SAFETY: 1-element chunks never have remainder
    unsafe { slice.as_chunks_unchecked() };
assert_eq!(chunks, &[['l'], ['o'], ['r'], ['e'], ['m'], ['!']]);
let chunks: &[[char; 3]] =
    // SAFETY: The slice length (6) is a multiple of 3
    unsafe { slice.as_chunks_unchecked() };
assert_eq!(chunks, &[['l', 'o', 'r'], ['e', 'm', '!']]);

// These would be unsound:
// let chunks: &[[_; 5]] = slice.as_chunks_unchecked() // The slice length is not a multiple of 5
// let chunks: &[[_; 0]] = slice.as_chunks_unchecked() // Zero-length chunks are never allowed

pub fn as_chunks<const N: usize>(&self) -> (&[[T; N]], &[T])

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (slice_as_chunks)

Splits the slice into a slice of N-element arrays, starting at the beginning of the slice, and a remainder slice with length strictly less than N.

Panics

Panics if N is 0. This check will most probably get changed to a compile time error before this method gets stabilized.

Examples

#![feature(slice_as_chunks)]
let slice = ['l', 'o', 'r', 'e', 'm'];
let (chunks, remainder) = slice.as_chunks();
assert_eq!(chunks, &[['l', 'o'], ['r', 'e']]);
assert_eq!(remainder, &['m']);

pub fn as_rchunks<const N: usize>(&self) -> (&[T], &[[T; N]])

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (slice_as_chunks)

Splits the slice into a slice of N-element arrays, starting at the end of the slice, and a remainder slice with length strictly less than N.

Panics

Panics if N is 0. This check will most probably get changed to a compile time error before this method gets stabilized.

Examples

#![feature(slice_as_chunks)]
let slice = ['l', 'o', 'r', 'e', 'm'];
let (remainder, chunks) = slice.as_rchunks();
assert_eq!(remainder, &['l']);
assert_eq!(chunks, &[['o', 'r'], ['e', 'm']]);

pub fn array_chunks<const N: usize>(&self) -> ArrayChunks<'_, T, N>

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (array_chunks)

Returns an iterator over N elements of the slice at a time, starting at the beginning of the slice.

The chunks are array references and do not overlap. If N does not divide the length of the slice, then the last up to N-1 elements will be omitted and can be retrieved from the remainder function of the iterator.

This method is the const generic equivalent of chunks_exact.

Panics

Panics if N is 0. This check will most probably get changed to a compile time error before this method gets stabilized.

Examples

#![feature(array_chunks)]
let slice = ['l', 'o', 'r', 'e', 'm'];
let mut iter = slice.array_chunks();
assert_eq!(iter.next().unwrap(), &['l', 'o']);
assert_eq!(iter.next().unwrap(), &['r', 'e']);
assert!(iter.next().is_none());
assert_eq!(iter.remainder(), &['m']);

pub unsafe fn as_chunks_unchecked_mut<const N: usize>(
    &mut self
) -> &mut [[T; N]]

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (slice_as_chunks)

Splits the slice into a slice of N-element arrays, assuming that there's no remainder.

Safety

This may only be called when

• The slice splits exactly into N-element chunks (aka self.len() % N == 0).
• N != 0.

Examples

#![feature(slice_as_chunks)]
let slice: &mut [char] = &mut ['l', 'o', 'r', 'e', 'm', '!'];
let chunks: &mut [[char; 1]] =
    // SAFETY: 1-element chunks never have remainder
    unsafe { slice.as_chunks_unchecked_mut() };
chunks[0] = ['L'];
assert_eq!(chunks, &[['L'], ['o'], ['r'], ['e'], ['m'], ['!']]);
let chunks: &mut [[char; 3]] =
    // SAFETY: The slice length (6) is a multiple of 3
    unsafe { slice.as_chunks_unchecked_mut() };
chunks[1] = ['a', 'x', '?'];
assert_eq!(slice, &['L', 'o', 'r', 'a', 'x', '?']);

// These would be unsound:
// let chunks: &[[_; 5]] = slice.as_chunks_unchecked_mut() // The slice length is not a multiple of 5
// let chunks: &[[_; 0]] = slice.as_chunks_unchecked_mut() // Zero-length chunks are never allowed

pub fn as_chunks_mut<const N: usize>(&mut self) -> (&mut [[T; N]], &mut [T])

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (slice_as_chunks)

Splits the slice into a slice of N-element arrays, starting at the beginning of the slice, and a remainder slice with length strictly less than N.

Panics

Panics if N is 0. This check will most probably get changed to a compile time error before this method gets stabilized.

Examples

#![feature(slice_as_chunks)]
let v = &mut [0, 0, 0, 0, 0];
let mut count = 1;

let (chunks, remainder) = v.as_chunks_mut();
remainder[0] = 9;
for chunk in chunks {
    *chunk = [count; 2];
    count += 1;
}
assert_eq!(v, &[1, 1, 2, 2, 9]);

pub fn as_rchunks_mut<const N: usize>(&mut self) -> (&mut [T], &mut [[T; N]])

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (slice_as_chunks)

Splits the slice into a slice of N-element arrays, starting at the end of the slice, and a remainder slice with length strictly less than N.

Panics

Panics if N is 0. This check will most probably get changed to a compile time error before this method gets stabilized.

Examples

#![feature(slice_as_chunks)]
let v = &mut [0, 0, 0, 0, 0];
let mut count = 1;

let (remainder, chunks) = v.as_rchunks_mut();
remainder[0] = 9;
for chunk in chunks {
    *chunk = [count; 2];
    count += 1;
}
assert_eq!(v, &[9, 1, 1, 2, 2]);

pub fn array_chunks_mut<const N: usize>(&mut self) -> ArrayChunksMut<'_, T, N>

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (array_chunks)

Returns an iterator over N elements of the slice at a time, starting at the beginning of the slice.

The chunks are mutable array references and do not overlap. If N does not divide the length of the slice, then the last up to N-1 elements will be omitted and can be retrieved from the into_remainder function of the iterator.

This method is the const generic equivalent of chunks_exact_mut.

Panics

Panics if N is 0. This check will most probably get changed to a compile time error before this method gets stabilized.

Examples

#![feature(array_chunks)]
let v = &mut [0, 0, 0, 0, 0];
let mut count = 1;

for chunk in v.array_chunks_mut() {
    *chunk = [count; 2];
    count += 1;
}
assert_eq!(v, &[1, 1, 2, 2, 0]);

pub fn array_windows<const N: usize>(&self) -> ArrayWindows<'_, T, N>

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (array_windows)

Returns an iterator over overlapping windows of N elements of a slice, starting at the beginning of the slice.

This is the const generic equivalent of windows.

If N is greater than the size of the slice, it will return no windows.

Panics

Panics if N is 0. This check will most probably get changed to a compile time error before this method gets stabilized.

Examples

#![feature(array_windows)]
let slice = [0, 1, 2, 3];
let mut iter = slice.array_windows();
assert_eq!(iter.next().unwrap(), &[0, 1]);
assert_eq!(iter.next().unwrap(), &[1, 2]);
assert_eq!(iter.next().unwrap(), &[2, 3]);
assert!(iter.next().is_none());

pub fn rchunks(&self, chunk_size: usize) -> RChunks<'_, T>

Returns an iterator over chunk_size elements of the slice at a time, starting at the end of the slice.

The chunks are slices and do not overlap. If chunk_size does not divide the length of the slice, then the last chunk will not have length chunk_size.

See rchunks_exact for a variant of this iterator that returns chunks of always exactly chunk_size elements, and chunks for the same iterator but starting at the beginning of the slice.

Panics

Panics if chunk_size is 0.

Examples

let slice = ['l', 'o', 'r', 'e', 'm'];
let mut iter = slice.rchunks(2);
assert_eq!(iter.next().unwrap(), &['e', 'm']);
assert_eq!(iter.next().unwrap(), &['o', 'r']);
assert_eq!(iter.next().unwrap(), &['l']);
assert!(iter.next().is_none());

pub fn rchunks_mut(&mut self, chunk_size: usize) -> RChunksMut<'_, T>

Returns an iterator over chunk_size elements of the slice at a time, starting at the end of the slice.

The chunks are mutable slices, and do not overlap. If chunk_size does not divide the length of the slice, then the last chunk will not have length chunk_size.

See rchunks_exact_mut for a variant of this iterator that returns chunks of always exactly chunk_size elements, and chunks_mut for the same iterator but starting at the beginning of the slice.

Panics

Panics if chunk_size is 0.

Examples

let v = &mut [0, 0, 0, 0, 0];
let mut count = 1;

for chunk in v.rchunks_mut(2) {
    for elem in chunk.iter_mut() {
        *elem += count;
    }
    count += 1;
}
assert_eq!(v, &[3, 2, 2, 1, 1]);

pub fn rchunks_exact(&self, chunk_size: usize) -> RChunksExact<'_, T>

Returns an iterator over chunk_size elements of the slice at a time, starting at the end of the slice.

The chunks are slices and do not overlap. If chunk_size does not divide the length of the slice, then the last up to chunk_size-1 elements will be omitted and can be retrieved from the remainder function of the iterator.

Due to each chunk having exactly chunk_size elements, the compiler can often optimize the resulting code better than in the case of chunks.

See rchunks for a variant of this iterator that also returns the remainder as a smaller chunk, and chunks_exact for the same iterator but starting at the beginning of the slice.

Panics

Panics if chunk_size is 0.

Examples

let slice = ['l', 'o', 'r', 'e', 'm'];
let mut iter = slice.rchunks_exact(2);
assert_eq!(iter.next().unwrap(), &['e', 'm']);
assert_eq!(iter.next().unwrap(), &['o', 'r']);
assert!(iter.next().is_none());
assert_eq!(iter.remainder(), &['l']);

pub fn rchunks_exact_mut(&mut self, chunk_size: usize) -> RChunksExactMut<'_, T>

Returns an iterator over chunk_size elements of the slice at a time, starting at the end of the slice.

The chunks are mutable slices, and do not overlap. If chunk_size does not divide the length of the slice, then the last up to chunk_size-1 elements will be omitted and can be retrieved from the into_remainder function of the iterator.

Due to each chunk having exactly chunk_size elements, the compiler can often optimize the resulting code better than in the case of chunks_mut.

See rchunks_mut for a variant of this iterator that also returns the remainder as a smaller chunk, and chunks_exact_mut for the same iterator but starting at the beginning of the slice.

Panics

Panics if chunk_size is 0.

Examples

let v = &mut [0, 0, 0, 0, 0];
let mut count = 1;

for chunk in v.rchunks_exact_mut(2) {
    for elem in chunk.iter_mut() {
        *elem += count;
    }
    count += 1;
}
assert_eq!(v, &[0, 2, 2, 1, 1]);

pub fn group_by<F>(&self, pred: F) -> GroupBy<'_, T, F> where
    F: FnMut(&T, &T) -> bool, 

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (slice_group_by)

Returns an iterator over the slice producing non-overlapping runs of elements using the predicate to separate them.

The predicate is called on two elements following themselves, it means the predicate is called on slice[0] and slice[1] then on slice[1] and slice[2] and so on.

Examples

#![feature(slice_group_by)]

let slice = &[1, 1, 1, 3, 3, 2, 2, 2];

let mut iter = slice.group_by(|a, b| a == b);

assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(&[1, 1, 1][..]));
assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(&[3, 3][..]));
assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(&[2, 2, 2][..]));
assert_eq!(iter.next(), None);

This method can be used to extract the sorted subslices:

#![feature(slice_group_by)]

let slice = &[1, 1, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 4];

let mut iter = slice.group_by(|a, b| a <= b);

assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(&[1, 1, 2, 3][..]));
assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(&[2, 3][..]));
assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(&[2, 3, 4][..]));
assert_eq!(iter.next(), None);

pub fn group_by_mut<F>(&mut self, pred: F) -> GroupByMut<'_, T, F> where
    F: FnMut(&T, &T) -> bool, 

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (slice_group_by)

Returns an iterator over the slice producing non-overlapping mutable runs of elements using the predicate to separate them.

The predicate is called on two elements following themselves, it means the predicate is called on slice[0] and slice[1] then on slice[1] and slice[2] and so on.

Examples

#![feature(slice_group_by)]

let slice = &mut [1, 1, 1, 3, 3, 2, 2, 2];

let mut iter = slice.group_by_mut(|a, b| a == b);

assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(&mut [1, 1, 1][..]));
assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(&mut [3, 3][..]));
assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(&mut [2, 2, 2][..]));
assert_eq!(iter.next(), None);

This method can be used to extract the sorted subslices:

#![feature(slice_group_by)]

let slice = &mut [1, 1, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 4];

let mut iter = slice.group_by_mut(|a, b| a <= b);

assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(&mut [1, 1, 2, 3][..]));
assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(&mut [2, 3][..]));
assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(&mut [2, 3, 4][..]));
assert_eq!(iter.next(), None);

pub fn split_at(&self, mid: usize) -> (&[T], &[T])

Divides one slice into two at an index.

The first will contain all indices from [0, mid) (excluding the index mid itself) and the second will contain all indices from [mid, len) (excluding the index len itself).

Panics

Panics if mid > len.

Examples

let v = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6];

{
   let (left, right) = v.split_at(0);
   assert_eq!(left, []);
   assert_eq!(right, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]);
}

{
    let (left, right) = v.split_at(2);
    assert_eq!(left, [1, 2]);
    assert_eq!(right, [3, 4, 5, 6]);
}

{
    let (left, right) = v.split_at(6);
    assert_eq!(left, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]);
    assert_eq!(right, []);
}

pub fn split_at_mut(&mut self, mid: usize) -> (&mut [T], &mut [T])

Divides one mutable slice into two at an index.

The first will contain all indices from [0, mid) (excluding the index mid itself) and the second will contain all indices from [mid, len) (excluding the index len itself).

Panics

Panics if mid > len.

Examples

let mut v = [1, 0, 3, 0, 5, 6];
let (left, right) = v.split_at_mut(2);
assert_eq!(left, [1, 0]);
assert_eq!(right, [3, 0, 5, 6]);
left[1] = 2;
right[1] = 4;
assert_eq!(v, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]);

pub fn split<F>(&self, pred: F) -> Split<'_, T, F> where
    F: FnMut(&T) -> bool, 

Returns an iterator over subslices separated by elements that match pred. The matched element is not contained in the subslices.

Examples

let slice = [10, 40, 33, 20];
let mut iter = slice.split(|num| num % 3 == 0);

assert_eq!(iter.next().unwrap(), &[10, 40]);
assert_eq!(iter.next().unwrap(), &[20]);
assert!(iter.next().is_none());

If the first element is matched, an empty slice will be the first item returned by the iterator. Similarly, if the last element in the slice is matched, an empty slice will be the last item returned by the iterator:

let slice = [10, 40, 33];
let mut iter = slice.split(|num| num % 3 == 0);

assert_eq!(iter.next().unwrap(), &[10, 40]);
assert_eq!(iter.next().unwrap(), &[]);
assert!(iter.next().is_none());

If two matched elements are directly adjacent, an empty slice will be present between them:

let slice = [10, 6, 33, 20];
let mut iter = slice.split(|num| num % 3 == 0);

assert_eq!(iter.next().unwrap(), &[10]);
assert_eq!(iter.next().unwrap(), &[]);
assert_eq!(iter.next().unwrap(), &[20]);
assert!(iter.next().is_none());

pub fn split_mut<F>(&mut self, pred: F) -> SplitMut<'_, T, F> where
    F: FnMut(&T) -> bool, 

Returns an iterator over mutable subslices separated by elements that match pred. The matched element is not contained in the subslices.

Examples

let mut v = [10, 40, 30, 20, 60, 50];

for group in v.split_mut(|num| *num % 3 == 0) {
    group[0] = 1;
}
assert_eq!(v, [1, 40, 30, 1, 60, 1]);

pub fn split_inclusive<F>(&self, pred: F) -> SplitInclusive<'_, T, F> where
    F: FnMut(&T) -> bool, 

Returns an iterator over subslices separated by elements that match pred. The matched element is contained in the end of the previous subslice as a terminator.

Examples

let slice = [10, 40, 33, 20];
let mut iter = slice.split_inclusive(|num| num % 3 == 0);

assert_eq!(iter.next().unwrap(), &[10, 40, 33]);
assert_eq!(iter.next().unwrap(), &[20]);
assert!(iter.next().is_none());

If the last element of the slice is matched, that element will be considered the terminator of the preceding slice. That slice will be the last item returned by the iterator.

let slice = [3, 10, 40, 33];
let mut iter = slice.split_inclusive(|num| num % 3 == 0);

assert_eq!(iter.next().unwrap(), &[3]);
assert_eq!(iter.next().unwrap(), &[10, 40, 33]);
assert!(iter.next().is_none());

pub fn split_inclusive_mut<F>(&mut self, pred: F) -> SplitInclusiveMut<'_, T, F> where
    F: FnMut(&T) -> bool, 

Returns an iterator over mutable subslices separated by elements that match pred. The matched element is contained in the previous subslice as a terminator.

Examples

let mut v = [10, 40, 30, 20, 60, 50];

for group in v.split_inclusive_mut(|num| *num % 3 == 0) {
    let terminator_idx = group.len()-1;
    group[terminator_idx] = 1;
}
assert_eq!(v, [10, 40, 1, 20, 1, 1]);

pub fn rsplit<F>(&self, pred: F) -> RSplit<'_, T, F> where
    F: FnMut(&T) -> bool, 

Returns an iterator over subslices separated by elements that match pred, starting at the end of the slice and working backwards. The matched element is not contained in the subslices.

Examples

let slice = [11, 22, 33, 0, 44, 55];
let mut iter = slice.rsplit(|num| *num == 0);

assert_eq!(iter.next().unwrap(), &[44, 55]);
assert_eq!(iter.next().unwrap(), &[11, 22, 33]);
assert_eq!(iter.next(), None);

As with split(), if the first or last element is matched, an empty slice will be the first (or last) item returned by the iterator.

let v = &[0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8];
let mut it = v.rsplit(|n| *n % 2 == 0);
assert_eq!(it.next().unwrap(), &[]);
assert_eq!(it.next().unwrap(), &[3, 5]);
assert_eq!(it.next().unwrap(), &[1, 1]);
assert_eq!(it.next().unwrap(), &[]);
assert_eq!(it.next(), None);

pub fn rsplit_mut<F>(&mut self, pred: F) -> RSplitMut<'_, T, F> where
    F: FnMut(&T) -> bool, 

Returns an iterator over mutable subslices separated by elements that match pred, starting at the end of the slice and working backwards. The matched element is not contained in the subslices.

Examples

let mut v = [100, 400, 300, 200, 600, 500];

let mut count = 0;
for group in v.rsplit_mut(|num| *num % 3 == 0) {
    count += 1;
    group[0] = count;
}
assert_eq!(v, [3, 400, 300, 2, 600, 1]);

pub fn splitn<F>(&self, n: usize, pred: F) -> SplitN<'_, T, F> where
    F: FnMut(&T) -> bool, 

Returns an iterator over subslices separated by elements that match pred, limited to returning at most n items. The matched element is not contained in the subslices.

The last element returned, if any, will contain the remainder of the slice.

Examples

Print the slice split once by numbers divisible by 3 (i.e., [10, 40], [20, 60, 50]):

let v = [10, 40, 30, 20, 60, 50];

for group in v.splitn(2, |num| *num % 3 == 0) {
    println!("{:?}", group);
}

pub fn splitn_mut<F>(&mut self, n: usize, pred: F) -> SplitNMut<'_, T, F> where
    F: FnMut(&T) -> bool, 

Returns an iterator over subslices separated by elements that match pred, limited to returning at most n items. The matched element is not contained in the subslices.

The last element returned, if any, will contain the remainder of the slice.

Examples

let mut v = [10, 40, 30, 20, 60, 50];

for group in v.splitn_mut(2, |num| *num % 3 == 0) {
    group[0] = 1;
}
assert_eq!(v, [1, 40, 30, 1, 60, 50]);

pub fn rsplitn<F>(&self, n: usize, pred: F) -> RSplitN<'_, T, F> where
    F: FnMut(&T) -> bool, 

Returns an iterator over subslices separated by elements that match pred limited to returning at most n items. This starts at the end of the slice and works backwards. The matched element is not contained in the subslices.

The last element returned, if any, will contain the remainder of the slice.

Examples

Print the slice split once, starting from the end, by numbers divisible by 3 (i.e., [50], [10, 40, 30, 20]):

let v = [10, 40, 30, 20, 60, 50];

for group in v.rsplitn(2, |num| *num % 3 == 0) {
    println!("{:?}", group);
}

pub fn rsplitn_mut<F>(&mut self, n: usize, pred: F) -> RSplitNMut<'_, T, F> where
    F: FnMut(&T) -> bool, 

Returns an iterator over subslices separated by elements that match pred limited to returning at most n items. This starts at the end of the slice and works backwards. The matched element is not contained in the subslices.

The last element returned, if any, will contain the remainder of the slice.

Examples

let mut s = [10, 40, 30, 20, 60, 50];

for group in s.rsplitn_mut(2, |num| *num % 3 == 0) {
    group[0] = 1;
}
assert_eq!(s, [1, 40, 30, 20, 60, 1]);

pub fn contains(&self, x: &T) -> bool where
    T: PartialEq<T>, 

Returns true if the slice contains an element with the given value.

Examples

let v = [10, 40, 30];
assert!(v.contains(&30));
assert!(!v.contains(&50));

If you do not have an &T, but just an &U such that T: Borrow<U> (e.g. String: Borrow<str>), you can use iter().any:

let v = [String::from("hello"), String::from("world")]; // slice of `String`
assert!(v.iter().any(|e| e == "hello")); // search with `&str`
assert!(!v.iter().any(|e| e == "hi"));

pub fn starts_with(&self, needle: &[T]) -> bool where
    T: PartialEq<T>, 

Returns true if needle is a prefix of the slice.

Examples

let v = [10, 40, 30];
assert!(v.starts_with(&[10]));
assert!(v.starts_with(&[10, 40]));
assert!(!v.starts_with(&[50]));
assert!(!v.starts_with(&[10, 50]));

Always returns true if needle is an empty slice:

let v = &[10, 40, 30];
assert!(v.starts_with(&[]));
let v: &[u8] = &[];
assert!(v.starts_with(&[]));

pub fn ends_with(&self, needle: &[T]) -> bool where
    T: PartialEq<T>, 

Returns true if needle is a suffix of the slice.

Examples

let v = [10, 40, 30];
assert!(v.ends_with(&[30]));
assert!(v.ends_with(&[40, 30]));
assert!(!v.ends_with(&[50]));
assert!(!v.ends_with(&[50, 30]));

Always returns true if needle is an empty slice:

let v = &[10, 40, 30];
assert!(v.ends_with(&[]));
let v: &[u8] = &[];
assert!(v.ends_with(&[]));

#[must_use = "returns the subslice without modifying the original"]pub fn strip_prefix<P>(&self, prefix: &P) -> Option<&[T]> where
    T: PartialEq<T>,
    P: SlicePattern<Item = T> + ?Sized, 

Returns a subslice with the prefix removed.

If the slice starts with prefix, returns the subslice after the prefix, wrapped in Some. If prefix is empty, simply returns the original slice.

If the slice does not start with prefix, returns None.

Examples

let v = &[10, 40, 30];
assert_eq!(v.strip_prefix(&[10]), Some(&[40, 30][..]));
assert_eq!(v.strip_prefix(&[10, 40]), Some(&[30][..]));
assert_eq!(v.strip_prefix(&[50]), None);
assert_eq!(v.strip_prefix(&[10, 50]), None);

let prefix : &str = "he";
assert_eq!(b"hello".strip_prefix(prefix.as_bytes()),
           Some(b"llo".as_ref()));

#[must_use = "returns the subslice without modifying the original"]pub fn strip_suffix<P>(&self, suffix: &P) -> Option<&[T]> where
    T: PartialEq<T>,
    P: SlicePattern<Item = T> + ?Sized, 

Returns a subslice with the suffix removed.

If the slice ends with suffix, returns the subslice before the suffix, wrapped in Some. If suffix is empty, simply returns the original slice.

If the slice does not end with suffix, returns None.

Examples

let v = &[10, 40, 30];
assert_eq!(v.strip_suffix(&[30]), Some(&[10, 40][..]));
assert_eq!(v.strip_suffix(&[40, 30]), Some(&[10][..]));
assert_eq!(v.strip_suffix(&[50]), None);
assert_eq!(v.strip_suffix(&[50, 30]), None);

pub fn binary_search(&self, x: &T) -> Result<usize, usize> where
    T: Ord, 

Binary searches this sorted slice for a given element.

If the value is found then Result::Ok is returned, containing the index of the matching element. If there are multiple matches, then any one of the matches could be returned. If the value is not found then Result::Err is returned, containing the index where a matching element could be inserted while maintaining sorted order.

Examples

Looks up a series of four elements. The first is found, with a uniquely determined position; the second and third are not found; the fourth could match any position in [1, 4].

let s = [0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55];

assert_eq!(s.binary_search(&13),  Ok(9));
assert_eq!(s.binary_search(&4),   Err(7));
assert_eq!(s.binary_search(&100), Err(13));
let r = s.binary_search(&1);
assert!(match r { Ok(1..=4) => true, _ => false, });

If you want to insert an item to a sorted vector, while maintaining sort order:

let mut s = vec![0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55];
let num = 42;
let idx = s.binary_search(&num).unwrap_or_else(|x| x);
s.insert(idx, num);
assert_eq!(s, [0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 42, 55]);

pub fn binary_search_by<'a, F>(&'a self, f: F) -> Result<usize, usize> where
    F: FnMut(&'a T) -> Ordering, 

Binary searches this sorted slice with a comparator function.

The comparator function should implement an order consistent with the sort order of the underlying slice, returning an order code that indicates whether its argument is Less, Equal or Greater the desired target.

If the value is found then Result::Ok is returned, containing the index of the matching element. If there are multiple matches, then any one of the matches could be returned. If the value is not found then Result::Err is returned, containing the index where a matching element could be inserted while maintaining sorted order.

Examples

Looks up a series of four elements. The first is found, with a uniquely determined position; the second and third are not found; the fourth could match any position in [1, 4].

let s = [0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55];

let seek = 13;
assert_eq!(s.binary_search_by(|probe| probe.cmp(&seek)), Ok(9));
let seek = 4;
assert_eq!(s.binary_search_by(|probe| probe.cmp(&seek)), Err(7));
let seek = 100;
assert_eq!(s.binary_search_by(|probe| probe.cmp(&seek)), Err(13));
let seek = 1;
let r = s.binary_search_by(|probe| probe.cmp(&seek));
assert!(match r { Ok(1..=4) => true, _ => false, });

pub fn binary_search_by_key<'a, B, F>(
    &'a self,
    b: &B,
    f: F
) -> Result<usize, usize> where
    F: FnMut(&'a T) -> B,
    B: Ord, 

Binary searches this sorted slice with a key extraction function.

Assumes that the slice is sorted by the key, for instance with sort_by_key using the same key extraction function.

If the value is found then Result::Ok is returned, containing the index of the matching element. If there are multiple matches, then any one of the matches could be returned. If the value is not found then Result::Err is returned, containing the index where a matching element could be inserted while maintaining sorted order.

Examples

Looks up a series of four elements in a slice of pairs sorted by their second elements. The first is found, with a uniquely determined position; the second and third are not found; the fourth could match any position in [1, 4].

let s = [(0, 0), (2, 1), (4, 1), (5, 1), (3, 1),
         (1, 2), (2, 3), (4, 5), (5, 8), (3, 13),
         (1, 21), (2, 34), (4, 55)];

assert_eq!(s.binary_search_by_key(&13, |&(a, b)| b),  Ok(9));
assert_eq!(s.binary_search_by_key(&4, |&(a, b)| b),   Err(7));
assert_eq!(s.binary_search_by_key(&100, |&(a, b)| b), Err(13));
let r = s.binary_search_by_key(&1, |&(a, b)| b);
assert!(match r { Ok(1..=4) => true, _ => false, });

pub fn sort_unstable(&mut self) where
    T: Ord, 

Sorts the slice, but may not preserve the order of equal elements.

This sort is unstable (i.e., may reorder equal elements), in-place (i.e., does not allocate), and O(n * log(n)) worst-case.

Current implementation

The current algorithm is based on pattern-defeating quicksort by Orson Peters, which combines the fast average case of randomized quicksort with the fast worst case of heapsort, while achieving linear time on slices with certain patterns. It uses some randomization to avoid degenerate cases, but with a fixed seed to always provide deterministic behavior.

It is typically faster than stable sorting, except in a few special cases, e.g., when the slice consists of several concatenated sorted sequences.

Examples

let mut v = [-5, 4, 1, -3, 2];

v.sort_unstable();
assert!(v == [-5, -3, 1, 2, 4]);

pub fn sort_unstable_by<F>(&mut self, compare: F) where
    F: FnMut(&T, &T) -> Ordering, 

Sorts the slice with a comparator function, but may not preserve the order of equal elements.

This sort is unstable (i.e., may reorder equal elements), in-place (i.e., does not allocate), and O(n * log(n)) worst-case.

The comparator function must define a total ordering for the elements in the slice. If the ordering is not total, the order of the elements is unspecified. An order is a total order if it is (for all a, b and c):

• total and antisymmetric: exactly one of a < b, a == b or a > b is true, and
• transitive, a < b and b < c implies a < c. The same must hold for both == and >.

For example, while f64 doesn't implement Ord because NaN != NaN, we can use partial_cmp as our sort function when we know the slice doesn't contain a NaN.

let mut floats = [5f64, 4.0, 1.0, 3.0, 2.0];
floats.sort_unstable_by(|a, b| a.partial_cmp(b).unwrap());
assert_eq!(floats, [1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0]);

Current implementation

The current algorithm is based on pattern-defeating quicksort by Orson Peters, which combines the fast average case of randomized quicksort with the fast worst case of heapsort, while achieving linear time on slices with certain patterns. It uses some randomization to avoid degenerate cases, but with a fixed seed to always provide deterministic behavior.

It is typically faster than stable sorting, except in a few special cases, e.g., when the slice consists of several concatenated sorted sequences.

Examples

let mut v = [5, 4, 1, 3, 2];
v.sort_unstable_by(|a, b| a.cmp(b));
assert!(v == [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);

// reverse sorting
v.sort_unstable_by(|a, b| b.cmp(a));
assert!(v == [5, 4, 3, 2, 1]);

pub fn sort_unstable_by_key<K, F>(&mut self, f: F) where
    F: FnMut(&T) -> K,
    K: Ord, 

Sorts the slice with a key extraction function, but may not preserve the order of equal elements.

This sort is unstable (i.e., may reorder equal elements), in-place (i.e., does not allocate), and O(m * n * log(n)) worst-case, where the key function is O(m).

Current implementation

The current algorithm is based on pattern-defeating quicksort by Orson Peters, which combines the fast average case of randomized quicksort with the fast worst case of heapsort, while achieving linear time on slices with certain patterns. It uses some randomization to avoid degenerate cases, but with a fixed seed to always provide deterministic behavior.

Due to its key calling strategy, sort_unstable_by_key is likely to be slower than sort_by_cached_key in cases where the key function is expensive.

Examples

let mut v = [-5i32, 4, 1, -3, 2];

v.sort_unstable_by_key(|k| k.abs());
assert!(v == [1, 2, -3, 4, -5]);

pub fn partition_at_index(
    &mut self,
    index: usize
) -> (&mut [T], &mut T, &mut [T]) where
    T: Ord, 

👎 Deprecated since 1.49.0:

use the select_nth_unstable() instead

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (slice_partition_at_index)

Reorder the slice such that the element at index is at its final sorted position.

pub fn partition_at_index_by<F>(
    &mut self,
    index: usize,
    compare: F
) -> (&mut [T], &mut T, &mut [T]) where
    F: FnMut(&T, &T) -> Ordering, 

👎 Deprecated since 1.49.0:

use select_nth_unstable_by() instead

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (slice_partition_at_index)

Reorder the slice with a comparator function such that the element at index is at its final sorted position.

pub fn partition_at_index_by_key<K, F>(
    &mut self,
    index: usize,
    f: F
) -> (&mut [T], &mut T, &mut [T]) where
    F: FnMut(&T) -> K,
    K: Ord, 

👎 Deprecated since 1.49.0:

use the select_nth_unstable_by_key() instead

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (slice_partition_at_index)

Reorder the slice with a key extraction function such that the element at index is at its final sorted position.

pub fn select_nth_unstable(
    &mut self,
    index: usize
) -> (&mut [T], &mut T, &mut [T]) where
    T: Ord, 

Reorder the slice such that the element at index is at its final sorted position.

This reordering has the additional property that any value at position i < index will be less than or equal to any value at a position j > index. Additionally, this reordering is unstable (i.e. any number of equal elements may end up at position index), in-place (i.e. does not allocate), and O(n) worst-case. This function is also/ known as "kth element" in other libraries. It returns a triplet of the following values: all elements less than the one at the given index, the value at the given index, and all elements greater than the one at the given index.

Current implementation

The current algorithm is based on the quickselect portion of the same quicksort algorithm used for sort_unstable.

Panics

Panics when index >= len(), meaning it always panics on empty slices.

Examples

let mut v = [-5i32, 4, 1, -3, 2];

// Find the median
v.select_nth_unstable(2);

// We are only guaranteed the slice will be one of the following, based on the way we sort
// about the specified index.
assert!(v == [-3, -5, 1, 2, 4] ||
        v == [-5, -3, 1, 2, 4] ||
        v == [-3, -5, 1, 4, 2] ||
        v == [-5, -3, 1, 4, 2]);

pub fn select_nth_unstable_by<F>(
    &mut self,
    index: usize,
    compare: F
) -> (&mut [T], &mut T, &mut [T]) where
    F: FnMut(&T, &T) -> Ordering, 

Reorder the slice with a comparator function such that the element at index is at its final sorted position.

This reordering has the additional property that any value at position i < index will be less than or equal to any value at a position j > index using the comparator function. Additionally, this reordering is unstable (i.e. any number of equal elements may end up at position index), in-place (i.e. does not allocate), and O(n) worst-case. This function is also known as "kth element" in other libraries. It returns a triplet of the following values: all elements less than the one at the given index, the value at the given index, and all elements greater than the one at the given index, using the provided comparator function.

Current implementation

The current algorithm is based on the quickselect portion of the same quicksort algorithm used for sort_unstable.

Panics

Panics when index >= len(), meaning it always panics on empty slices.

Examples

let mut v = [-5i32, 4, 1, -3, 2];

// Find the median as if the slice were sorted in descending order.
v.select_nth_unstable_by(2, |a, b| b.cmp(a));

// We are only guaranteed the slice will be one of the following, based on the way we sort
// about the specified index.
assert!(v == [2, 4, 1, -5, -3] ||
        v == [2, 4, 1, -3, -5] ||
        v == [4, 2, 1, -5, -3] ||
        v == [4, 2, 1, -3, -5]);

pub fn select_nth_unstable_by_key<K, F>(
    &mut self,
    index: usize,
    f: F
) -> (&mut [T], &mut T, &mut [T]) where
    F: FnMut(&T) -> K,
    K: Ord, 

Reorder the slice with a key extraction function such that the element at index is at its final sorted position.

This reordering has the additional property that any value at position i < index will be less than or equal to any value at a position j > index using the key extraction function. Additionally, this reordering is unstable (i.e. any number of equal elements may end up at position index), in-place (i.e. does not allocate), and O(n) worst-case. This function is also known as "kth element" in other libraries. It returns a triplet of the following values: all elements less than the one at the given index, the value at the given index, and all elements greater than the one at the given index, using the provided key extraction function.

Current implementation

The current algorithm is based on the quickselect portion of the same quicksort algorithm used for sort_unstable.

Panics

Panics when index >= len(), meaning it always panics on empty slices.

Examples

let mut v = [-5i32, 4, 1, -3, 2];

// Return the median as if the array were sorted according to absolute value.
v.select_nth_unstable_by_key(2, |a| a.abs());

// We are only guaranteed the slice will be one of the following, based on the way we sort
// about the specified index.
assert!(v == [1, 2, -3, 4, -5] ||
        v == [1, 2, -3, -5, 4] ||
        v == [2, 1, -3, 4, -5] ||
        v == [2, 1, -3, -5, 4]);

pub fn partition_dedup(&mut self) -> (&mut [T], &mut [T]) where
    T: PartialEq<T>, 

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (slice_partition_dedup)

Moves all consecutive repeated elements to the end of the slice according to the PartialEq trait implementation.

Returns two slices. The first contains no consecutive repeated elements. The second contains all the duplicates in no specified order.

If the slice is sorted, the first returned slice contains no duplicates.

Examples

#![feature(slice_partition_dedup)]

let mut slice = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 2, 1, 1];

let (dedup, duplicates) = slice.partition_dedup();

assert_eq!(dedup, [1, 2, 3, 2, 1]);
assert_eq!(duplicates, [2, 3, 1]);

pub fn partition_dedup_by<F>(&mut self, same_bucket: F) -> (&mut [T], &mut [T]) where
    F: FnMut(&mut T, &mut T) -> bool, 

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (slice_partition_dedup)

Moves all but the first of consecutive elements to the end of the slice satisfying a given equality relation.

Returns two slices. The first contains no consecutive repeated elements. The second contains all the duplicates in no specified order.

The same_bucket function is passed references to two elements from the slice and must determine if the elements compare equal. The elements are passed in opposite order from their order in the slice, so if same_bucket(a, b) returns true, a is moved at the end of the slice.

If the slice is sorted, the first returned slice contains no duplicates.

Examples

#![feature(slice_partition_dedup)]

let mut slice = ["foo", "Foo", "BAZ", "Bar", "bar", "baz", "BAZ"];

let (dedup, duplicates) = slice.partition_dedup_by(|a, b| a.eq_ignore_ascii_case(b));

assert_eq!(dedup, ["foo", "BAZ", "Bar", "baz"]);
assert_eq!(duplicates, ["bar", "Foo", "BAZ"]);

pub fn partition_dedup_by_key<K, F>(&mut self, key: F) -> (&mut [T], &mut [T]) where
    F: FnMut(&mut T) -> K,
    K: PartialEq<K>, 

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (slice_partition_dedup)

Moves all but the first of consecutive elements to the end of the slice that resolve to the same key.

Returns two slices. The first contains no consecutive repeated elements. The second contains all the duplicates in no specified order.

If the slice is sorted, the first returned slice contains no duplicates.

Examples

#![feature(slice_partition_dedup)]

let mut slice = [10, 20, 21, 30, 30, 20, 11, 13];

let (dedup, duplicates) = slice.partition_dedup_by_key(|i| *i / 10);

assert_eq!(dedup, [10, 20, 30, 20, 11]);
assert_eq!(duplicates, [21, 30, 13]);

pub fn rotate_left(&mut self, mid: usize)

Rotates the slice in-place such that the first mid elements of the slice move to the end while the last self.len() - mid elements move to the front. After calling rotate_left, the element previously at index mid will become the first element in the slice.

Panics

This function will panic if mid is greater than the length of the slice. Note that mid == self.len() does not panic and is a no-op rotation.

Complexity

Takes linear (in self.len()) time.

Examples

let mut a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f'];
a.rotate_left(2);
assert_eq!(a, ['c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'a', 'b']);

Rotating a subslice:

let mut a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f'];
a[1..5].rotate_left(1);
assert_eq!(a, ['a', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'b', 'f']);

pub fn rotate_right(&mut self, k: usize)

Rotates the slice in-place such that the first self.len() - k elements of the slice move to the end while the last k elements move to the front. After calling rotate_right, the element previously at index self.len() - k will become the first element in the slice.

Panics

This function will panic if k is greater than the length of the slice. Note that k == self.len() does not panic and is a no-op rotation.

Complexity

Takes linear (in self.len()) time.

Examples

let mut a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f'];
a.rotate_right(2);
assert_eq!(a, ['e', 'f', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd']);

Rotate a subslice:

let mut a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f'];
a[1..5].rotate_right(1);
assert_eq!(a, ['a', 'e', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'f']);

pub fn fill(&mut self, value: T) where
    T: Clone, 

Fills self with elements by cloning value.

Examples

let mut buf = vec![0; 10];
buf.fill(1);
assert_eq!(buf, vec![1; 10]);

pub fn fill_with<F>(&mut self, f: F) where
    F: FnMut() -> T, 

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (slice_fill_with)

Fills self with elements returned by calling a closure repeatedly.

This method uses a closure to create new values. If you'd rather Clone a given value, use fill. If you want to use the Default trait to generate values, you can pass Default::default as the argument.

Examples

#![feature(slice_fill_with)]

let mut buf = vec![1; 10];
buf.fill_with(Default::default);
assert_eq!(buf, vec![0; 10]);

pub fn clone_from_slice(&mut self, src: &[T]) where
    T: Clone, 

Copies the elements from src into self.

The length of src must be the same as self.

If T implements Copy, it can be more performant to use copy_from_slice.

Panics

This function will panic if the two slices have different lengths.

Examples

Cloning two elements from a slice into another:

let src = [1, 2, 3, 4];
let mut dst = [0, 0];

// Because the slices have to be the same length,
// we slice the source slice from four elements
// to two. It will panic if we don't do this.
dst.clone_from_slice(&src[2..]);

assert_eq!(src, [1, 2, 3, 4]);
assert_eq!(dst, [3, 4]);

Rust enforces that there can only be one mutable reference with no immutable references to a particular piece of data in a particular scope. Because of this, attempting to use clone_from_slice on a single slice will result in a compile failure:

let mut slice = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];

slice[..2].clone_from_slice(&slice[3..]); // compile fail!

To work around this, we can use split_at_mut to create two distinct sub-slices from a slice:

let mut slice = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];

{
    let (left, right) = slice.split_at_mut(2);
    left.clone_from_slice(&right[1..]);
}

assert_eq!(slice, [4, 5, 3, 4, 5]);

pub fn copy_from_slice(&mut self, src: &[T]) where
    T: Copy, 

Copies all elements from src into self, using a memcpy.

The length of src must be the same as self.

If T does not implement Copy, use clone_from_slice.

Panics

This function will panic if the two slices have different lengths.

Examples

Copying two elements from a slice into another:

let src = [1, 2, 3, 4];
let mut dst = [0, 0];

// Because the slices have to be the same length,
// we slice the source slice from four elements
// to two. It will panic if we don't do this.
dst.copy_from_slice(&src[2..]);

assert_eq!(src, [1, 2, 3, 4]);
assert_eq!(dst, [3, 4]);

Rust enforces that there can only be one mutable reference with no immutable references to a particular piece of data in a particular scope. Because of this, attempting to use copy_from_slice on a single slice will result in a compile failure:

let mut slice = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];

slice[..2].copy_from_slice(&slice[3..]); // compile fail!

To work around this, we can use split_at_mut to create two distinct sub-slices from a slice:

let mut slice = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];

{
    let (left, right) = slice.split_at_mut(2);
    left.copy_from_slice(&right[1..]);
}

assert_eq!(slice, [4, 5, 3, 4, 5]);

pub fn copy_within<R>(&mut self, src: R, dest: usize) where
    T: Copy,
    R: RangeBounds<usize>, 

Copies elements from one part of the slice to another part of itself, using a memmove.

src is the range within self to copy from. dest is the starting index of the range within self to copy to, which will have the same length as src. The two ranges may overlap. The ends of the two ranges must be less than or equal to self.len().

Panics

This function will panic if either range exceeds the end of the slice, or if the end of src is before the start.

Examples

Copying four bytes within a slice:

let mut bytes = *b"Hello, World!";

bytes.copy_within(1..5, 8);

assert_eq!(&bytes, b"Hello, Wello!");

pub fn swap_with_slice(&mut self, other: &mut [T])

Swaps all elements in self with those in other.

The length of other must be the same as self.

Panics

This function will panic if the two slices have different lengths.

Example

Swapping two elements across slices:

let mut slice1 = [0, 0];
let mut slice2 = [1, 2, 3, 4];

slice1.swap_with_slice(&mut slice2[2..]);

assert_eq!(slice1, [3, 4]);
assert_eq!(slice2, [1, 2, 0, 0]);

Rust enforces that there can only be one mutable reference to a particular piece of data in a particular scope. Because of this, attempting to use swap_with_slice on a single slice will result in a compile failure:

let mut slice = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
slice[..2].swap_with_slice(&mut slice[3..]); // compile fail!

To work around this, we can use split_at_mut to create two distinct mutable sub-slices from a slice:

let mut slice = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];

{
    let (left, right) = slice.split_at_mut(2);
    left.swap_with_slice(&mut right[1..]);
}

assert_eq!(slice, [4, 5, 3, 1, 2]);

pub unsafe fn align_to<U>(&self) -> (&[T], &[U], &[T])

Transmute the slice to a slice of another type, ensuring alignment of the types is maintained.

This method splits the slice into three distinct slices: prefix, correctly aligned middle slice of a new type, and the suffix slice. The method may make the middle slice the greatest length possible for a given type and input slice, but only your algorithm's performance should depend on that, not its correctness. It is permissible for all of the input data to be returned as the prefix or suffix slice.

This method has no purpose when either input element T or output element U are zero-sized and will return the original slice without splitting anything.

Safety

This method is essentially a transmute with respect to the elements in the returned middle slice, so all the usual caveats pertaining to transmute::<T, U> also apply here.

Examples

Basic usage:

unsafe {
    let bytes: [u8; 7] = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7];
    let (prefix, shorts, suffix) = bytes.align_to::<u16>();
    // less_efficient_algorithm_for_bytes(prefix);
    // more_efficient_algorithm_for_aligned_shorts(shorts);
    // less_efficient_algorithm_for_bytes(suffix);
}

pub unsafe fn align_to_mut<U>(&mut self) -> (&mut [T], &mut [U], &mut [T])

Transmute the slice to a slice of another type, ensuring alignment of the types is maintained.

This method splits the slice into three distinct slices: prefix, correctly aligned middle slice of a new type, and the suffix slice. The method may make the middle slice the greatest length possible for a given type and input slice, but only your algorithm's performance should depend on that, not its correctness. It is permissible for all of the input data to be returned as the prefix or suffix slice.

This method has no purpose when either input element T or output element U are zero-sized and will return the original slice without splitting anything.

Safety

This method is essentially a transmute with respect to the elements in the returned middle slice, so all the usual caveats pertaining to transmute::<T, U> also apply here.

Examples

Basic usage:

unsafe {
    let mut bytes: [u8; 7] = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7];
    let (prefix, shorts, suffix) = bytes.align_to_mut::<u16>();
    // less_efficient_algorithm_for_bytes(prefix);
    // more_efficient_algorithm_for_aligned_shorts(shorts);
    // less_efficient_algorithm_for_bytes(suffix);
}

pub fn is_sorted(&self) -> bool where
    T: PartialOrd<T>, 

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (is_sorted)

new API

Checks if the elements of this slice are sorted.

That is, for each element a and its following element b, a <= b must hold. If the slice yields exactly zero or one element, true is returned.

Note that if Self::Item is only PartialOrd, but not Ord, the above definition implies that this function returns false if any two consecutive items are not comparable.

Examples

#![feature(is_sorted)]
let empty: [i32; 0] = [];

assert!([1, 2, 2, 9].is_sorted());
assert!(![1, 3, 2, 4].is_sorted());
assert!([0].is_sorted());
assert!(empty.is_sorted());
assert!(![0.0, 1.0, f32::NAN].is_sorted());

pub fn is_sorted_by<F>(&self, compare: F) -> bool where
    F: FnMut(&T, &T) -> Option<Ordering>, 

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (is_sorted)

new API

Checks if the elements of this slice are sorted using the given comparator function.

Instead of using PartialOrd::partial_cmp, this function uses the given compare function to determine the ordering of two elements. Apart from that, it's equivalent to is_sorted; see its documentation for more information.

pub fn is_sorted_by_key<F, K>(&self, f: F) -> bool where
    F: FnMut(&T) -> K,
    K: PartialOrd<K>, 

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (is_sorted)

new API

Checks if the elements of this slice are sorted using the given key extraction function.

Instead of comparing the slice's elements directly, this function compares the keys of the elements, as determined by f. Apart from that, it's equivalent to is_sorted; see its documentation for more information.

Examples

#![feature(is_sorted)]

assert!(["c", "bb", "aaa"].is_sorted_by_key(|s| s.len()));
assert!(![-2i32, -1, 0, 3].is_sorted_by_key(|n| n.abs()));

pub fn partition_point<P>(&self, pred: P) -> usize where
    P: FnMut(&T) -> bool, 

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (partition_point)

new API

Returns the index of the partition point according to the given predicate (the index of the first element of the second partition).

The slice is assumed to be partitioned according to the given predicate. This means that all elements for which the predicate returns true are at the start of the slice and all elements for which the predicate returns false are at the end. For example, [7, 15, 3, 5, 4, 12, 6] is a partitioned under the predicate x % 2 != 0 (all odd numbers are at the start, all even at the end).

If this slice is not partitioned, the returned result is unspecified and meaningless, as this method performs a kind of binary search.

Examples

#![feature(partition_point)]

let v = [1, 2, 3, 3, 5, 6, 7];
let i = v.partition_point(|&x| x < 5);

assert_eq!(i, 4);
assert!(v[..i].iter().all(|&x| x < 5));
assert!(v[i..].iter().all(|&x| !(x < 5)));

pub fn is_ascii(&self) -> bool

Checks if all bytes in this slice are within the ASCII range.

pub fn eq_ignore_ascii_case(&self, other: &[u8]) -> bool

Checks that two slices are an ASCII case-insensitive match.

Same as to_ascii_lowercase(a) == to_ascii_lowercase(b), but without allocating and copying temporaries.

pub fn make_ascii_uppercase(&mut self)

Converts this slice to its ASCII upper case equivalent in-place.

ASCII letters 'a' to 'z' are mapped to 'A' to 'Z', but non-ASCII letters are unchanged.

To return a new uppercased value without modifying the existing one, use to_ascii_uppercase.

pub fn make_ascii_lowercase(&mut self)

Converts this slice to its ASCII lower case equivalent in-place.

ASCII letters 'A' to 'Z' are mapped to 'a' to 'z', but non-ASCII letters are unchanged.

To return a new lowercased value without modifying the existing one, use to_ascii_lowercase.

pub fn sort(&mut self) where
    T: Ord, 

Sorts the slice.

This sort is stable (i.e., does not reorder equal elements) and O(n * log(n)) worst-case.

When applicable, unstable sorting is preferred because it is generally faster than stable sorting and it doesn't allocate auxiliary memory. See sort_unstable.

Current implementation

The current algorithm is an adaptive, iterative merge sort inspired by timsort. It is designed to be very fast in cases where the slice is nearly sorted, or consists of two or more sorted sequences concatenated one after another.

Also, it allocates temporary storage half the size of self, but for short slices a non-allocating insertion sort is used instead.

Examples

let mut v = [-5, 4, 1, -3, 2];

v.sort();
assert!(v == [-5, -3, 1, 2, 4]);

pub fn sort_by<F>(&mut self, compare: F) where
    F: FnMut(&T, &T) -> Ordering, 

Sorts the slice with a comparator function.

This sort is stable (i.e., does not reorder equal elements) and O(n * log(n)) worst-case.

The comparator function must define a total ordering for the elements in the slice. If the ordering is not total, the order of the elements is unspecified. An order is a total order if it is (for all a, b and c):

• total and antisymmetric: exactly one of a < b, a == b or a > b is true, and
• transitive, a < b and b < c implies a < c. The same must hold for both == and >.

For example, while f64 doesn't implement Ord because NaN != NaN, we can use partial_cmp as our sort function when we know the slice doesn't contain a NaN.

let mut floats = [5f64, 4.0, 1.0, 3.0, 2.0];
floats.sort_by(|a, b| a.partial_cmp(b).unwrap());
assert_eq!(floats, [1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0]);

When applicable, unstable sorting is preferred because it is generally faster than stable sorting and it doesn't allocate auxiliary memory. See sort_unstable_by.

Current implementation

The current algorithm is an adaptive, iterative merge sort inspired by timsort. It is designed to be very fast in cases where the slice is nearly sorted, or consists of two or more sorted sequences concatenated one after another.

Also, it allocates temporary storage half the size of self, but for short slices a non-allocating insertion sort is used instead.

Examples

let mut v = [5, 4, 1, 3, 2];
v.sort_by(|a, b| a.cmp(b));
assert!(v == [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);

// reverse sorting
v.sort_by(|a, b| b.cmp(a));
assert!(v == [5, 4, 3, 2, 1]);

pub fn sort_by_key<K, F>(&mut self, f: F) where
    F: FnMut(&T) -> K,
    K: Ord, 

Sorts the slice with a key extraction function.

This sort is stable (i.e., does not reorder equal elements) and O(m * n * log(n)) worst-case, where the key function is O(m).

For expensive key functions (e.g. functions that are not simple property accesses or basic operations), sort_by_cached_key is likely to be significantly faster, as it does not recompute element keys.

When applicable, unstable sorting is preferred because it is generally faster than stable sorting and it doesn't allocate auxiliary memory. See sort_unstable_by_key.

Current implementation

The current algorithm is an adaptive, iterative merge sort inspired by timsort. It is designed to be very fast in cases where the slice is nearly sorted, or consists of two or more sorted sequences concatenated one after another.

Also, it allocates temporary storage half the size of self, but for short slices a non-allocating insertion sort is used instead.

Examples

let mut v = [-5i32, 4, 1, -3, 2];

v.sort_by_key(|k| k.abs());
assert!(v == [1, 2, -3, 4, -5]);

pub fn sort_by_cached_key<K, F>(&mut self, f: F) where
    F: FnMut(&T) -> K,
    K: Ord, 

Sorts the slice with a key extraction function.

During sorting, the key function is called only once per element.

This sort is stable (i.e., does not reorder equal elements) and O(m * n + n * log(n)) worst-case, where the key function is O(m).

For simple key functions (e.g., functions that are property accesses or basic operations), sort_by_key is likely to be faster.

Current implementation

The current algorithm is based on pattern-defeating quicksort by Orson Peters, which combines the fast average case of randomized quicksort with the fast worst case of heapsort, while achieving linear time on slices with certain patterns. It uses some randomization to avoid degenerate cases, but with a fixed seed to always provide deterministic behavior.

In the worst case, the algorithm allocates temporary storage in a Vec<(K, usize)> the length of the slice.

Examples

let mut v = [-5i32, 4, 32, -3, 2];

v.sort_by_cached_key(|k| k.to_string());
assert!(v == [-3, -5, 2, 32, 4]);

pub fn to_vec(&self) -> Vec<T, Global> where
    T: Clone, 

Copies self into a new Vec.

Examples

let s = [10, 40, 30];
let x = s.to_vec();
// Here, `s` and `x` can be modified independently.

pub fn to_vec_in<A>(&self, alloc: A) -> Vec<T, A> where
    T: Clone,
    A: Allocator, 

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Copies self into a new Vec with an allocator.

Examples

#![feature(allocator_api)]

use std::alloc::System;

let s = [10, 40, 30];
let x = s.to_vec_in(System);
// Here, `s` and `x` can be modified independently.

pub fn repeat(&self, n: usize) -> Vec<T, Global> where
    T: Copy, 

Creates a vector by repeating a slice n times.

Panics

This function will panic if the capacity would overflow.

Examples

Basic usage:

assert_eq!([1, 2].repeat(3), vec![1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2]);

A panic upon overflow:

// this will panic at runtime
b"0123456789abcdef".repeat(usize::MAX);

pub fn concat<Item>(&self) -> <[T] as Concat<Item>>::Output where
    Item: ?Sized,
    [T]: Concat<Item>, 

Flattens a slice of T into a single value Self::Output.

Examples

assert_eq!(["hello", "world"].concat(), "helloworld");
assert_eq!([[1, 2], [3, 4]].concat(), [1, 2, 3, 4]);

pub fn join<Separator>(
    &self,
    sep: Separator
) -> <[T] as Join<Separator>>::Output where
    [T]: Join<Separator>, 

Flattens a slice of T into a single value Self::Output, placing a given separator between each.

Examples

assert_eq!(["hello", "world"].join(" "), "hello world");
assert_eq!([[1, 2], [3, 4]].join(&0), [1, 2, 0, 3, 4]);
assert_eq!([[1, 2], [3, 4]].join(&[0, 0][..]), [1, 2, 0, 0, 3, 4]);

pub fn connect<Separator>(
    &self,
    sep: Separator
) -> <[T] as Join<Separator>>::Output where
    [T]: Join<Separator>, 

👎 Deprecated since 1.3.0:

renamed to join

Flattens a slice of T into a single value Self::Output, placing a given separator between each.

Examples

assert_eq!(["hello", "world"].connect(" "), "hello world");
assert_eq!([[1, 2], [3, 4]].connect(&0), [1, 2, 0, 3, 4]);

pub fn to_ascii_uppercase(&self) -> Vec<u8, Global>

Returns a vector containing a copy of this slice where each byte is mapped to its ASCII upper case equivalent.

ASCII letters 'a' to 'z' are mapped to 'A' to 'Z', but non-ASCII letters are unchanged.

To uppercase the value in-place, use make_ascii_uppercase.

pub fn to_ascii_lowercase(&self) -> Vec<u8, Global>

Returns a vector containing a copy of this slice where each byte is mapped to its ASCII lower case equivalent.

ASCII letters 'A' to 'Z' are mapped to 'a' to 'z', but non-ASCII letters are unchanged.

To lowercase the value in-place, use make_ascii_lowercase.

Trait Implementations

impl<T: AbsDiffEq> AbsDiffEq<Vec2<T>> for Vec2<T> where
    T::Epsilon: Copy, 

type Epsilon = T::Epsilon

Used for specifying relative comparisons.

pub fn default_epsilon() -> T::Epsilon

The default tolerance to use when testing values that are close together.

pub fn abs_diff_eq(&self, other: &Self, epsilon: Self::Epsilon) -> bool

A test for equality that uses the absolute difference to compute the approximate equality of two numbers.

pub fn abs_diff_ne(&self, other: &Rhs, epsilon: Self::Epsilon) -> bool

The inverse of AbsDiffEq::abs_diff_eq.

impl<'a, 'b, T> Add<&'a T> for &'b Vec2<T> where
    &'b T: Add<&'a T, Output = T>, 

type Output = Vec2<T>

The resulting type after applying the + operator.

pub fn add(self, rhs: &'a T) -> Self::Output

Performs the + operation.

impl<'a, T> Add<&'a Vec2<T>> for Vec2<T> where
    T: Add<&'a T, Output = T>, 

type Output = Vec2<T>

The resulting type after applying the + operator.

pub fn add(self, rhs: &'a Vec2<T>) -> Self::Output

Performs the + operation.

impl<'a, 'b, T> Add<&'a Vec2<T>> for &'b Vec2<T> where
    &'b T: Add<&'a T, Output = T>, 

type Output = Vec2<T>

The resulting type after applying the + operator.

pub fn add(self, rhs: &'a Vec2<T>) -> Self::Output

Performs the + operation.

impl<'a, T> Add<T> for &'a Vec2<T> where
    &'a T: Add<T, Output = T>,
    T: Copy, 

type Output = Vec2<T>

The resulting type after applying the + operator.

pub fn add(self, rhs: T) -> Self::Output

Performs the + operation.

impl<V, T> Add<V> for Vec2<T> where
    V: Into<Vec2<T>>,
    T: Add<T, Output = T>, 

type Output = Self

The resulting type after applying the + operator.

pub fn add(self, rhs: V) -> Self::Output

Performs the + operation.

impl<'a, T> Add<Vec2<T>> for &'a Vec2<T> where
    &'a T: Add<T, Output = T>, 

type Output = Vec2<T>

The resulting type after applying the + operator.

pub fn add(self, rhs: Vec2<T>) -> Self::Output

Performs the + operation.

impl<V, T> AddAssign<V> for Vec2<T> where
    V: Into<Vec2<T>>,
    T: AddAssign<T>, 

pub fn add_assign(&mut self, rhs: V)

Performs the += operation.

impl<T> AsMut<[T]> for Vec2<T>

pub fn as_mut(&mut self) -> &mut [T]

Performs the conversion.

impl<T> AsMut<Vec2<T>> for Vec2<T>

pub fn as_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self

Performs the conversion.

impl<T> AsRef<[T]> for Vec2<T>

pub fn as_ref(&self) -> &[T]

Performs the conversion.

impl<T> AsRef<Vec2<T>> for Vec2<T>

pub fn as_ref(&self) -> &Self

Performs the conversion.

impl<'a, 'b, T> BitAnd<&'a T> for &'b Vec2<T> where
    &'b T: BitAnd<&'a T, Output = T>, 

type Output = Vec2<T>

The resulting type after applying the & operator.

pub fn bitand(self, rhs: &'a T) -> Self::Output

Performs the & operation.

impl<'a, T> BitAnd<&'a Vec2<T>> for Vec2<T> where
    T: BitAnd<&'a T, Output = T>, 

type Output = Vec2<T>

The resulting type after applying the & operator.

pub fn bitand(self, rhs: &'a Vec2<T>) -> Self::Output

Performs the & operation.

impl<'a, 'b, T> BitAnd<&'a Vec2<T>> for &'b Vec2<T> where
    &'b T: BitAnd<&'a T, Output = T>, 

type Output = Vec2<T>

The resulting type after applying the & operator.

pub fn bitand(self, rhs: &'a Vec2<T>) -> Self::Output

Performs the & operation.

impl<'a, T> BitAnd<T> for &'a Vec2<T> where
    &'a T: BitAnd<T, Output = T>,
    T: Copy, 

type Output = Vec2<T>

The resulting type after applying the & operator.

pub fn bitand(self, rhs: T) -> Self::Output

Performs the & operation.

impl<V, T> BitAnd<V> for Vec2<T> where
    V: Into<Vec2<T>>,
    T: BitAnd<T, Output = T>, 

type Output = Self

The resulting type after applying the & operator.

pub fn bitand(self, rhs: V) -> Self::Output

Performs the & operation.

impl<'a, T> BitAnd<Vec2<T>> for &'a Vec2<T> where
    &'a T: BitAnd<T, Output = T>, 

type Output = Vec2<T>

The resulting type after applying the & operator.

pub fn bitand(self, rhs: Vec2<T>) -> Self::Output

Performs the & operation.

impl<V, T> BitAndAssign<V> for Vec2<T> where
    V: Into<Vec2<T>>,
    T: BitAndAssign<T>, 

pub fn bitand_assign(&mut self, rhs: V)

Performs the &= operation.

impl<'a, 'b, T> BitOr<&'a T> for &'b Vec2<T> where
    &'b T: BitOr<&'a T, Output = T>, 

type Output = Vec2<T>

The resulting type after applying the | operator.

pub fn bitor(self, rhs: &'a T) -> Self::Output

Performs the | operation.

impl<'a, T> BitOr<&'a Vec2<T>> for Vec2<T> where
    T: BitOr<&'a T, Output = T>, 

type Output = Vec2<T>

The resulting type after applying the | operator.

pub fn bitor(self, rhs: &'a Vec2<T>) -> Self::Output

Performs the | operation.

impl<'a, 'b, T> BitOr<&'a Vec2<T>> for &'b Vec2<T> where
    &'b T: BitOr<&'a T, Output = T>, 

type Output = Vec2<T>

The resulting type after applying the | operator.

pub fn bitor(self, rhs: &'a Vec2<T>) -> Self::Output

Performs the | operation.

impl<'a, T> BitOr<T> for &'a Vec2<T> where
    &'a T: BitOr<T, Output = T>,
    T: Copy, 

type Output = Vec2<T>

The resulting type after applying the | operator.

pub fn bitor(self, rhs: T) -> Self::Output

Performs the | operation.

impl<V, T> BitOr<V> for Vec2<T> where
    V: Into<Vec2<T>>,
    T: BitOr<T, Output = T>, 

type Output = Self

The resulting type after applying the | operator.

pub fn bitor(self, rhs: V) -> Self::Output

Performs the | operation.

impl<'a, T> BitOr<Vec2<T>> for &'a Vec2<T> where
    &'a T: BitOr<T, Output = T>, 

type Output = Vec2<T>

The resulting type after applying the | operator.

pub fn bitor(self, rhs: Vec2<T>) -> Self::Output

Performs the | operation.

impl<V, T> BitOrAssign<V> for Vec2<T> where
    V: Into<Vec2<T>>,
    T: BitOrAssign<T>, 

pub fn bitor_assign(&mut self, rhs: V)

Performs the |= operation.

impl<'a, 'b, T> BitXor<&'a T> for &'b Vec2<T> where
    &'b T: BitXor<&'a T, Output = T>, 

type Output = Vec2<T>

The resulting type after applying the ^ operator.

pub fn bitxor(self, rhs: &'a T) -> Self::Output

Performs the ^ operation.

impl<'a, T> BitXor<&'a Vec2<T>> for Vec2<T> where
    T: BitXor<&'a T, Output = T>, 

type Output = Vec2<T>

The resulting type after applying the ^ operator.

pub fn bitxor(self, rhs: &'a Vec2<T>) -> Self::Output

Performs the ^ operation.

impl<'a, 'b, T> BitXor<&'a Vec2<T>> for &'b Vec2<T> where
    &'b T: BitXor<&'a T, Output = T>, 

type Output = Vec2<T>

The resulting type after applying the ^ operator.

pub fn bitxor(self, rhs: &'a Vec2<T>) -> Self::Output

Performs the ^ operation.

impl<'a, T> BitXor<T> for &'a Vec2<T> where
    &'a T: BitXor<T, Output = T>,
    T: Copy, 

type Output = Vec2<T>

The resulting type after applying the ^ operator.

pub fn bitxor(self, rhs: T) -> Self::Output

Performs the ^ operation.

impl<V, T> BitXor<V> for Vec2<T> where
    V: Into<Vec2<T>>,
    T: BitXor<T, Output = T>, 

type Output = Self

The resulting type after applying the ^ operator.

pub fn bitxor(self, rhs: V) -> Self::Output

Performs the ^ operation.

impl<'a, T> BitXor<Vec2<T>> for &'a Vec2<T> where
    &'a T: BitXor<T, Output = T>, 

type Output = Vec2<T>

The resulting type after applying the ^ operator.

pub fn bitxor(self, rhs: Vec2<T>) -> Self::Output

Performs the ^ operation.

impl<V, T> BitXorAssign<V> for Vec2<T> where
    V: Into<Vec2<T>>,
    T: BitXorAssign<T>, 

pub fn bitxor_assign(&mut self, rhs: V)

Performs the ^= operation.

impl<T> Borrow<[T]> for Vec2<T>

pub fn borrow(&self) -> &[T]

Immutably borrows from an owned value.

impl<T> BorrowMut<[T]> for Vec2<T>

pub fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut [T]

Mutably borrows from an owned value.

impl<T: Clamp + Copy> Clamp<T> for Vec2<T>

pub fn clamped(self, lower: T, upper: T) -> Self

Constrains this value to be between lower and upper (inclusive).

pub fn clamp(val: Self, lower: Bound, upper: Bound) -> Self

Alias to clamped, which doesn't take self.

pub fn clamped01(self) -> Self where
    Bound: Zero + One, 

Constrains this value to be between 0 and 1 (inclusive).

pub fn clamp01(val: Self) -> Self where
    Bound: Zero + One, 

Alias to clamped01, which doesn't take self.

pub fn clamped_minus1_1(self) -> Self where
    Bound: One + Neg<Output = Bound>, 

Constrains this value to be between -1 and 1 (inclusive).

pub fn clamp_minus1_1(val: Self) -> Self where
    Bound: One + Neg<Output = Bound>, 

Alias to clamped_minus1_1, which doesn't take self.

impl<T: Clamp> Clamp<Vec2<T>> for Vec2<T>

pub fn clamped(self, lower: Self, upper: Self) -> Self

Constrains this value to be between lower and upper (inclusive).

pub fn clamp(val: Self, lower: Bound, upper: Bound) -> Self

Alias to clamped, which doesn't take self.

pub fn clamped01(self) -> Self where
    Bound: Zero + One, 

Constrains this value to be between 0 and 1 (inclusive).

pub fn clamp01(val: Self) -> Self where
    Bound: Zero + One, 

Alias to clamped01, which doesn't take self.

pub fn clamped_minus1_1(self) -> Self where
    Bound: One + Neg<Output = Bound>, 

Constrains this value to be between -1 and 1 (inclusive).

pub fn clamp_minus1_1(val: Self) -> Self where
    Bound: One + Neg<Output = Bound>, 

Alias to clamped_minus1_1, which doesn't take self.

impl<T: Clone> Clone for Vec2<T>

pub fn clone(&self) -> Vec2<T>

Returns a copy of the value.

pub fn clone_from(&mut self, source: &Self)

Performs copy-assignment from source.

impl<T: Copy> Copy for Vec2<T>

impl<T: Debug> Debug for Vec2<T>

pub fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl<T: Default> Default for Vec2<T>

pub fn default() -> Vec2<T>

Returns the "default value" for a type.

impl<T> Deref for Vec2<T>

type Target = [T]

The resulting type after dereferencing.

pub fn deref(&self) -> &[T]

Dereferences the value.

impl<T> DerefMut for Vec2<T>

pub fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut [T]

Mutably dereferences the value.

impl<'de, T> Deserialize<'de> for Vec2<T> where
    T: Deserialize<'de>, 

pub fn deserialize<__D>(__deserializer: __D) -> Result<Self, __D::Error> where
    __D: Deserializer<'de>, 

Deserialize this value from the given Serde deserializer.

impl<T: Display> Display for Vec2<T>

Displays the vector, formatted as ({...}, {...}) where ... are the actual formatting parameters.

pub fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl<'a, 'b, T> Div<&'a T> for &'b Vec2<T> where
    &'b T: Div<&'a T, Output = T>, 

type Output = Vec2<T>

The resulting type after applying the / operator.

pub fn div(self, rhs: &'a T) -> Self::Output

Performs the / operation.

impl<'a, T> Div<&'a Vec2<T>> for Vec2<T> where
    T: Div<&'a T, Output = T>, 

type Output = Vec2<T>

The resulting type after applying the / operator.

pub fn div(self, rhs: &'a Vec2<T>) -> Self::Output

Performs the / operation.

impl<'a, 'b, T> Div<&'a Vec2<T>> for &'b Vec2<T> where
    &'b T: Div<&'a T, Output = T>, 

type Output = Vec2<T>

The resulting type after applying the / operator.

pub fn div(self, rhs: &'a Vec2<T>) -> Self::Output

Performs the / operation.

impl<'a, T> Div<T> for &'a Vec2<T> where
    &'a T: Div<T, Output = T>,
    T: Copy, 

type Output = Vec2<T>

The resulting type after applying the / operator.

pub fn div(self, rhs: T) -> Self::Output

Performs the / operation.

impl<V, T> Div<V> for Vec2<T> where
    V: Into<Vec2<T>>,
    T: Div<T, Output = T>, 

type Output = Self

The resulting type after applying the / operator.

pub fn div(self, rhs: V) -> Self::Output

Performs the / operation.

impl<'a, T> Div<Vec2<T>> for &'a Vec2<T> where
    &'a T: Div<T, Output = T>, 

type Output = Vec2<T>

The resulting type after applying the / operator.

pub fn div(self, rhs: Vec2<T>) -> Self::Output

Performs the / operation.

impl<V, T> DivAssign<V> for Vec2<T> where
    V: Into<Vec2<T>>,
    T: DivAssign<T>, 

pub fn div_assign(&mut self, rhs: V)

Performs the /= operation.

impl<T: Eq> Eq for Vec2<T>

impl<T> From<[T; 2]> for Vec2<T>

pub fn from(array: [T; 2]) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl<T> From<(T, T)> for Vec2<T>

pub fn from(tuple: (T, T)) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl<T> From<Extent2<T>> for Vec2<T>

pub fn from(v: Extent2<T>) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl<T: Copy> From<T> for Vec2<T>

A vector can be obtained from a single scalar by broadcasting it.

This conversion is important because it allows scalars to be smoothly accepted as operands in most vector operations.

For instance :

assert_eq!(Vec4::min(4, 5), Vec4::broadcast(4));
assert_eq!(Vec4::max(4, 5), Vec4::broadcast(5));
assert_eq!(Vec4::from(4), Vec4::broadcast(4));
assert_eq!(Vec4::from(4).mul_add(4, 5), Vec4::broadcast(21));

// scaling_3d() logically accepts a Vec3...
let _ = Mat4::<f32>::scaling_3d(Vec3::broadcast(5.0));
// ... but there you go; quick uniform scale, thanks to Into !
let _ = Mat4::scaling_3d(5_f32);

On the other hand, it also allows writing nonsense. To minimize surprises, the names of operations try to be as explicit as possible.

// This creates a matrix that translates to (5,5,5), but it's probably not what you meant.
// Hopefully the `_3d` suffix would help you catch this.
let _ = Mat4::translation_3d(5_f32);
// translation_3d() takes V: Into<Vec3> because it allows it to accept
// Vec2, Vec3 and Vec4, and also with both repr(C) and repr(simd) layouts.

pub fn from(val: T) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl<T: Zero> From<Vec2<T>> for Vec3<T>

pub fn from(v: Vec2<T>) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl<T: Zero> From<Vec2<T>> for Vec4<T>

pub fn from(v: Vec2<T>) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl<T> From<Vec2<T>> for Extent2<T>

pub fn from(v: Vec2<T>) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl<T> From<Vec2<T>> for Vec2<T>

pub fn from(v: CVec<T>) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl<T> From<Vec2<T>> for CVec<T>

pub fn from(v: Vec2<T>) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl<T> From<Vec3<T>> for Vec2<T>

pub fn from(v: Vec3<T>) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl<T> From<Vec4<T>> for Vec2<T>

pub fn from(v: Vec4<T>) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl<T: Default> FromIterator<T> for Vec2<T>

pub fn from_iter<I>(iter: I) -> Self where
    I: IntoIterator<Item = T>, 

Creates a value from an iterator.

impl<T: Hash> Hash for Vec2<T>

pub fn hash<__H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut __H)

Feeds this value into the given Hasher.

pub fn hash_slice<H>(data: &[Self], state: &mut H) where
    H: Hasher, 

Feeds a slice of this type into the given Hasher.

impl<'a, T> IntoIterator for &'a Vec2<T>

type Item = &'a T

The type of the elements being iterated over.

type IntoIter = Iter<'a, T>

Which kind of iterator are we turning this into?

pub fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter

Creates an iterator from a value.

impl<'a, T> IntoIterator for &'a mut Vec2<T>

type Item = &'a mut T

The type of the elements being iterated over.

type IntoIter = IterMut<'a, T>

Which kind of iterator are we turning this into?

pub fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter

Creates an iterator from a value.

impl<T> IntoIterator for Vec2<T>

type Item = T

The type of the elements being iterated over.

type IntoIter = IntoIter<T>

Which kind of iterator are we turning this into?

pub fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter

Creates an iterator from a value.

impl<T: IsBetween<Output = bool> + Copy> IsBetween<T> for Vec2<T>

type Output = Vec2<bool>

bool for scalars, or vector of bools for vectors.

pub fn is_between(self, lower: T, upper: T) -> Self::Output

Returns whether this value is between lower and upper (inclusive).

pub fn is_between01(self) -> Self::Output where
    Bound: Zero + One, 

Returns whether this value is between 0 and 1 (inclusive).

impl<T: IsBetween<Output = bool>> IsBetween<Vec2<T>> for Vec2<T>

type Output = Vec2<bool>

bool for scalars, or vector of bools for vectors.

pub fn is_between(self, lower: Self, upper: Self) -> Self::Output

Returns whether this value is between lower and upper (inclusive).

pub fn is_between01(self) -> Self::Output where
    Bound: Zero + One, 

Returns whether this value is between 0 and 1 (inclusive).

impl<T, Factor> Lerp<Factor> for Vec2<T> where
    T: Lerp<Factor, Output = T>,
    Factor: Copy, 

type Output = Self

The resulting type after performing the LERP operation.

pub fn lerp_unclamped_precise(from: Self, to: Self, factor: Factor) -> Self

Returns the linear interpolation of from to to with factor unconstrained, using a possibly slower but more precise operation.

pub fn lerp_unclamped(from: Self, to: Self, factor: Factor) -> Self

Returns the linear interpolation of from to to with factor unconstrained, using the supposedly fastest but less precise implementation.

pub fn lerp(from: Self, to: Self, factor: Factor) -> Self::Output where
    Factor: Clamp + Zero + One, 

Alias to lerp_unclamped which constrains factor to be between 0 and 1 (inclusive).

pub fn lerp_precise(from: Self, to: Self, factor: Factor) -> Self::Output where
    Factor: Clamp + Zero + One, 

Alias to lerp_unclamped_precise which constrains factor to be between 0 and 1 (inclusive).

impl<'a, T, Factor> Lerp<Factor> for &'a Vec2<T> where
    &'a T: Lerp<Factor, Output = T>,
    Factor: Copy, 

type Output = Vec2<T>

The resulting type after performing the LERP operation.

pub fn lerp_unclamped_precise(from: Self, to: Self, factor: Factor) -> Vec2<T>

Returns the linear interpolation of from to to with factor unconstrained, using a possibly slower but more precise operation.

pub fn lerp_unclamped(from: Self, to: Self, factor: Factor) -> Vec2<T>

Returns the linear interpolation of from to to with factor unconstrained, using the supposedly fastest but less precise implementation.

pub fn lerp(from: Self, to: Self, factor: Factor) -> Self::Output where
    Factor: Clamp + Zero + One, 

Alias to lerp_unclamped which constrains factor to be between 0 and 1 (inclusive).

pub fn lerp_precise(from: Self, to: Self, factor: Factor) -> Self::Output where
    Factor: Clamp + Zero + One, 

Alias to lerp_unclamped_precise which constrains factor to be between 0 and 1 (inclusive).

impl<'a, 'b, T> Mul<&'a T> for &'b Vec2<T> where
    &'b T: Mul<&'a T, Output = T>, 

type Output = Vec2<T>

The resulting type after applying the * operator.

pub fn mul(self, rhs: &'a T) -> Self::Output

Performs the * operation.

impl<'a, T> Mul<&'a Vec2<T>> for Vec2<T> where
    T: Mul<&'a T, Output = T>, 

type Output = Vec2<T>

The resulting type after applying the * operator.

pub fn mul(self, rhs: &'a Vec2<T>) -> Self::Output

Performs the * operation.

impl<'a, 'b, T> Mul<&'a Vec2<T>> for &'b Vec2<T> where
    &'b T: Mul<&'a T, Output = T>, 

type Output = Vec2<T>

The resulting type after applying the * operator.

pub fn mul(self, rhs: &'a Vec2<T>) -> Self::Output

Performs the * operation.

impl<T: MulAdd<T, T, Output = T> + Mul<Output = T> + Copy> Mul<Mat2<T>> for Vec2<T>

Multiplies a row vector with a column-major matrix, giving a row vector.

use vek::mat::column_major::Mat4;
use vek::vec::Vec4;

let m = Mat4::new(
    0, 1, 2, 3,
    4, 5, 6, 7,
    8, 9, 0, 1,
    2, 3, 4, 5
);
let v = Vec4::new(0, 1, 2, 3);
let r = Vec4::new(26, 32, 18, 24);
assert_eq!(v * m, r);

type Output = Self

The resulting type after applying the * operator.

pub fn mul(self, rhs: Mat2<T>) -> Self::Output

Performs the * operation.

impl<T: MulAdd<T, T, Output = T> + Mul<Output = T> + Copy> Mul<Mat2<T>> for Vec2<T>

Multiplies a row vector with a row-major matrix, giving a row vector.

With SIMD vectors, this is the most efficient way.

use vek::mat::row_major::Mat4;
use vek::vec::Vec4;

let m = Mat4::new(
    0, 1, 2, 3,
    4, 5, 6, 7,
    8, 9, 0, 1,
    2, 3, 4, 5
);
let v = Vec4::new(0, 1, 2, 3);
let r = Vec4::new(26, 32, 18, 24);
assert_eq!(v * m, r);

type Output = Self

The resulting type after applying the * operator.

pub fn mul(self, rhs: Mat2<T>) -> Self::Output

Performs the * operation.

impl<'a, T> Mul<T> for &'a Vec2<T> where
    &'a T: Mul<T, Output = T>,
    T: Copy, 

type Output = Vec2<T>

The resulting type after applying the * operator.

pub fn mul(self, rhs: T) -> Self::Output

Performs the * operation.

impl<V, T> Mul<V> for Vec2<T> where
    V: Into<Vec2<T>>,
    T: Mul<T, Output = T>, 

type Output = Self

The resulting type after applying the * operator.

pub fn mul(self, rhs: V) -> Self::Output

Performs the * operation.

impl<'a, T> Mul<Vec2<T>> for &'a Vec2<T> where
    &'a T: Mul<T, Output = T>, 

type Output = Vec2<T>

The resulting type after applying the * operator.

pub fn mul(self, rhs: Vec2<T>) -> Self::Output

Performs the * operation.

impl<T: MulAdd<T, T, Output = T> + Mul<Output = T> + Copy> Mul<Vec2<T>> for Mat2<T>

Multiplies a column-major matrix with a column vector, giving a column vector.

With SIMD vectors, this is the most efficient way.

use vek::mat::column_major::Mat4;
use vek::vec::Vec4;

let m = Mat4::new(
    0, 1, 2, 3,
    4, 5, 6, 7,
    8, 9, 0, 1,
    2, 3, 4, 5
);
let v = Vec4::new(0, 1, 2, 3);
let r = Vec4::new(14, 38, 12, 26);
assert_eq!(m * v, r);

type Output = Vec2<T>

The resulting type after applying the * operator.

pub fn mul(self, v: Vec2<T>) -> Self::Output

Performs the * operation.

impl<T: MulAdd<T, T, Output = T> + Mul<Output = T> + Copy> Mul<Vec2<T>> for Mat2<T>

Multiplies a row-major matrix with a column vector, giving a column vector.

use vek::mat::row_major::Mat4;
use vek::vec::Vec4;

let m = Mat4::new(
    0, 1, 2, 3,
    4, 5, 6, 7,
    8, 9, 0, 1,
    2, 3, 4, 5
);
let v = Vec4::new(0, 1, 2, 3);
let r = Vec4::new(14, 38, 12, 26);
assert_eq!(m * v, r);

type Output = Vec2<T>

The resulting type after applying the * operator.

pub fn mul(self, v: Vec2<T>) -> Self::Output

Performs the * operation.

impl<'a, 'b, T> MulAdd<&'a Vec2<T>, &'b Vec2<T>> for Vec2<T> where
    T: MulAdd<&'a T, &'b T, Output = T>, 

type Output = Vec2<T>

The resulting type after applying the fused multiply-add operation.

pub fn mul_add(self, a: &'a Vec2<T>, b: &'b Vec2<T>) -> Self::Output

Returns (self * mul) + add as a possibly faster and more precise single operation.

impl<'a, 'b, 'c, T> MulAdd<&'a Vec2<T>, &'b Vec2<T>> for &'c Vec2<T> where
    &'c T: MulAdd<&'a T, &'b T, Output = T>, 

type Output = Vec2<T>

The resulting type after applying the fused multiply-add operation.

pub fn mul_add(self, a: &'a Vec2<T>, b: &'b Vec2<T>) -> Self::Output

Returns (self * mul) + add as a possibly faster and more precise single operation.

impl<'a, T> MulAdd<&'a Vec2<T>, Vec2<T>> for Vec2<T> where
    T: MulAdd<&'a T, T, Output = T>, 

type Output = Vec2<T>

The resulting type after applying the fused multiply-add operation.

pub fn mul_add(self, a: &'a Vec2<T>, b: Vec2<T>) -> Self::Output

Returns (self * mul) + add as a possibly faster and more precise single operation.

impl<'a, 'c, T> MulAdd<&'a Vec2<T>, Vec2<T>> for &'c Vec2<T> where
    &'c T: MulAdd<&'a T, T, Output = T>, 

type Output = Vec2<T>

The resulting type after applying the fused multiply-add operation.

pub fn mul_add(self, a: &'a Vec2<T>, b: Vec2<T>) -> Self::Output

Returns (self * mul) + add as a possibly faster and more precise single operation.

impl<'b, T> MulAdd<Vec2<T>, &'b Vec2<T>> for Vec2<T> where
    T: MulAdd<T, &'b T, Output = T>, 

type Output = Vec2<T>

The resulting type after applying the fused multiply-add operation.

pub fn mul_add(self, a: Vec2<T>, b: &'b Vec2<T>) -> Self::Output

Returns (self * mul) + add as a possibly faster and more precise single operation.

impl<'b, 'c, T> MulAdd<Vec2<T>, &'b Vec2<T>> for &'c Vec2<T> where
    &'c T: MulAdd<T, &'b T, Output = T>, 

type Output = Vec2<T>

The resulting type after applying the fused multiply-add operation.

pub fn mul_add(self, a: Vec2<T>, b: &'b Vec2<T>) -> Self::Output

Returns (self * mul) + add as a possibly faster and more precise single operation.

impl<T> MulAdd<Vec2<T>, Vec2<T>> for Vec2<T> where
    T: MulAdd<T, T, Output = T>, 

type Output = Vec2<T>

The resulting type after applying the fused multiply-add operation.

pub fn mul_add(self, a: Vec2<T>, b: Vec2<T>) -> Self::Output

Returns (self * mul) + add as a possibly faster and more precise single operation.

impl<'c, T> MulAdd<Vec2<T>, Vec2<T>> for &'c Vec2<T> where
    &'c T: MulAdd<T, T, Output = T>, 

type Output = Vec2<T>

The resulting type after applying the fused multiply-add operation.

pub fn mul_add(self, a: Vec2<T>, b: Vec2<T>) -> Self::Output

Returns (self * mul) + add as a possibly faster and more precise single operation.

impl<V, T> MulAssign<V> for Vec2<T> where
    V: Into<Vec2<T>>,
    T: MulAssign<T>, 

pub fn mul_assign(&mut self, rhs: V)

Performs the *= operation.

impl<T> Neg for Vec2<T> where
    T: Neg<Output = T>, 

type Output = Self

The resulting type after applying the - operator.

pub fn neg(self) -> Self::Output

Performs the unary - operation.

impl<T> Not for Vec2<T> where
    T: Not<Output = T>, 

type Output = Self

The resulting type after applying the ! operator.

pub fn not(self) -> Self::Output

Performs the unary ! operation.

impl<T: One> One for Vec2<T>

pub fn one() -> Self

Returns the multiplicative identity element of Self, 1.

pub fn set_one(&mut self)

Sets self to the multiplicative identity element of Self, 1.

pub fn is_one(&self) -> bool where
    Self: PartialEq<Self>, 

Returns true if self is equal to the multiplicative identity.

impl<T: PartialEq> PartialEq<Vec2<T>> for Vec2<T>

pub fn eq(&self, other: &Vec2<T>) -> bool

This method tests for self and other values to be equal, and is used by ==.

pub fn ne(&self, other: &Vec2<T>) -> bool

This method tests for !=.

impl<T> Product<Vec2<T>> for Vec2<T> where
    T: Mul<T, Output = T> + One, 

pub fn product<I: Iterator<Item = Vec2<T>>>(iter: I) -> Vec2<T>

Method which takes an iterator and generates Self from the elements by multiplying the items.

impl<T: RelativeEq> RelativeEq<Vec2<T>> for Vec2<T> where
    T::Epsilon: Copy, 

pub fn default_max_relative() -> T::Epsilon

The default relative tolerance for testing values that are far-apart.

pub fn relative_eq(
    &self,
    other: &Self,
    epsilon: T::Epsilon,
    max_relative: T::Epsilon
) -> bool

A test for equality that uses a relative comparison if the values are far apart.

pub fn relative_ne(
    &self,
    other: &Rhs,
    epsilon: Self::Epsilon,
    max_relative: Self::Epsilon
) -> bool

The inverse of RelativeEq::relative_eq.

impl<'a, 'b, T> Rem<&'a T> for &'b Vec2<T> where
    &'b T: Rem<&'a T, Output = T>, 

type Output = Vec2<T>

The resulting type after applying the % operator.

pub fn rem(self, rhs: &'a T) -> Self::Output

Performs the % operation.

impl<'a, T> Rem<&'a Vec2<T>> for Vec2<T> where
    T: Rem<&'a T, Output = T>, 

type Output = Vec2<T>

The resulting type after applying the % operator.

pub fn rem(self, rhs: &'a Vec2<T>) -> Self::Output

Performs the % operation.

impl<'a, 'b, T> Rem<&'a Vec2<T>> for &'b Vec2<T> where
    &'b T: Rem<&'a T, Output = T>, 

type Output = Vec2<T>

The resulting type after applying the % operator.

pub fn rem(self, rhs: &'a Vec2<T>) -> Self::Output

Performs the % operation.

impl<'a, T> Rem<T> for &'a Vec2<T> where
    &'a T: Rem<T, Output = T>,
    T: Copy, 

type Output = Vec2<T>

The resulting type after applying the % operator.

pub fn rem(self, rhs: T) -> Self::Output

Performs the % operation.

impl<V, T> Rem<V> for Vec2<T> where
    V: Into<Vec2<T>>,
    T: Rem<T, Output = T>, 

type Output = Self

The resulting type after applying the % operator.

pub fn rem(self, rhs: V) -> Self::Output

Performs the % operation.

impl<'a, T> Rem<Vec2<T>> for &'a Vec2<T> where
    &'a T: Rem<T, Output = T>, 

type Output = Vec2<T>

The resulting type after applying the % operator.

pub fn rem(self, rhs: Vec2<T>) -> Self::Output

Performs the % operation.

impl<V, T> RemAssign<V> for Vec2<T> where
    V: Into<Vec2<T>>,
    T: RemAssign<T>, 

pub fn rem_assign(&mut self, rhs: V)

Performs the %= operation.

impl<T> Serialize for Vec2<T> where
    T: Serialize, 

pub fn serialize<__S>(&self, __serializer: __S) -> Result<__S::Ok, __S::Error> where
    __S: Serializer, 

Serialize this value into the given Serde serializer.

impl<'a, 'b, T> Shl<&'a T> for &'b Vec2<T> where
    &'b T: Shl<&'a T, Output = T>, 

type Output = Vec2<T>

The resulting type after applying the << operator.

pub fn shl(self, rhs: &'a T) -> Self::Output

Performs the << operation.

impl<'a, T> Shl<&'a Vec2<T>> for Vec2<T> where
    T: Shl<&'a T, Output = T>, 

type Output = Vec2<T>

The resulting type after applying the << operator.

pub fn shl(self, rhs: &'a Vec2<T>) -> Self::Output

Performs the << operation.

impl<'a, 'b, T> Shl<&'a Vec2<T>> for &'b Vec2<T> where
    &'b T: Shl<&'a T, Output = T>, 

type Output = Vec2<T>

The resulting type after applying the << operator.

pub fn shl(self, rhs: &'a Vec2<T>) -> Self::Output

Performs the << operation.

impl<'a, T> Shl<T> for &'a Vec2<T> where
    &'a T: Shl<T, Output = T>,
    T: Copy, 

type Output = Vec2<T>

The resulting type after applying the << operator.

pub fn shl(self, rhs: T) -> Self::Output

Performs the << operation.

impl<V, T> Shl<V> for Vec2<T> where
    V: Into<Vec2<T>>,
    T: Shl<T, Output = T>, 

type Output = Self

The resulting type after applying the << operator.

pub fn shl(self, rhs: V) -> Self::Output

Performs the << operation.

impl<'a, T> Shl<Vec2<T>> for &'a Vec2<T> where
    &'a T: Shl<T, Output = T>, 

type Output = Vec2<T>

The resulting type after applying the << operator.

pub fn shl(self, rhs: Vec2<T>) -> Self::Output

Performs the << operation.

impl<V, T> ShlAssign<V> for Vec2<T> where
    V: Into<Vec2<T>>,
    T: ShlAssign<T>, 

pub fn shl_assign(&mut self, rhs: V)

Performs the <<= operation.

impl<'a, 'b, T> Shr<&'a T> for &'b Vec2<T> where
    &'b T: Shr<&'a T, Output = T>, 

type Output = Vec2<T>

The resulting type after applying the >> operator.

pub fn shr(self, rhs: &'a T) -> Self::Output

Performs the >> operation.

impl<'a, T> Shr<&'a Vec2<T>> for Vec2<T> where
    T: Shr<&'a T, Output = T>, 

type Output = Vec2<T>

The resulting type after applying the >> operator.

pub fn shr(self, rhs: &'a Vec2<T>) -> Self::Output

Performs the >> operation.

impl<'a, 'b, T> Shr<&'a Vec2<T>> for &'b Vec2<T> where
    &'b T: Shr<&'a T, Output = T>, 

type Output = Vec2<T>

The resulting type after applying the >> operator.

pub fn shr(self, rhs: &'a Vec2<T>) -> Self::Output

Performs the >> operation.

impl<'a, T> Shr<T> for &'a Vec2<T> where
    &'a T: Shr<T, Output = T>,
    T: Copy, 

type Output = Vec2<T>

The resulting type after applying the >> operator.

pub fn shr(self, rhs: T) -> Self::Output

Performs the >> operation.

impl<V, T> Shr<V> for Vec2<T> where
    V: Into<Vec2<T>>,
    T: Shr<T, Output = T>, 

type Output = Self

The resulting type after applying the >> operator.

pub fn shr(self, rhs: V) -> Self::Output

Performs the >> operation.

impl<'a, T> Shr<Vec2<T>> for &'a Vec2<T> where
    &'a T: Shr<T, Output = T>, 

type Output = Vec2<T>

The resulting type after applying the >> operator.

pub fn shr(self, rhs: Vec2<T>) -> Self::Output

Performs the >> operation.

impl<V, T> ShrAssign<V> for Vec2<T> where
    V: Into<Vec2<T>>,
    T: ShrAssign<T>, 

pub fn shr_assign(&mut self, rhs: V)

Performs the >>= operation.

impl<T> StructuralEq for Vec2<T>

impl<T> StructuralPartialEq for Vec2<T>

impl<'a, 'b, T> Sub<&'a T> for &'b Vec2<T> where
    &'b T: Sub<&'a T, Output = T>, 

type Output = Vec2<T>

The resulting type after applying the - operator.

pub fn sub(self, rhs: &'a T) -> Self::Output

Performs the - operation.

impl<'a, T> Sub<&'a Vec2<T>> for Vec2<T> where
    T: Sub<&'a T, Output = T>, 

type Output = Vec2<T>

The resulting type after applying the - operator.

pub fn sub(self, rhs: &'a Vec2<T>) -> Self::Output

Performs the - operation.

impl<'a, 'b, T> Sub<&'a Vec2<T>> for &'b Vec2<T> where
    &'b T: Sub<&'a T, Output = T>, 

type Output = Vec2<T>

The resulting type after applying the - operator.

pub fn sub(self, rhs: &'a Vec2<T>) -> Self::Output

Performs the - operation.

impl<'a, T> Sub<T> for &'a Vec2<T> where
    &'a T: Sub<T, Output = T>,
    T: Copy, 

type Output = Vec2<T>

The resulting type after applying the - operator.

pub fn sub(self, rhs: T) -> Self::Output

Performs the - operation.

impl<V, T> Sub<V> for Vec2<T> where
    V: Into<Vec2<T>>,
    T: Sub<T, Output = T>, 

type Output = Self

The resulting type after applying the - operator.

pub fn sub(self, rhs: V) -> Self::Output

Performs the - operation.

impl<'a, T> Sub<Vec2<T>> for &'a Vec2<T> where
    &'a T: Sub<T, Output = T>, 

type Output = Vec2<T>

The resulting type after applying the - operator.

pub fn sub(self, rhs: Vec2<T>) -> Self::Output

Performs the - operation.

impl<V, T> SubAssign<V> for Vec2<T> where
    V: Into<Vec2<T>>,
    T: SubAssign<T>, 

pub fn sub_assign(&mut self, rhs: V)

Performs the -= operation.

impl<T> Sum<Vec2<T>> for Vec2<T> where
    T: Add<T, Output = T> + Zero, 

pub fn sum<I: Iterator<Item = Vec2<T>>>(iter: I) -> Vec2<T>

Method which takes an iterator and generates Self from the elements by "summing up" the items.

impl<T: UlpsEq> UlpsEq<Vec2<T>> for Vec2<T> where
    T::Epsilon: Copy, 

pub fn default_max_ulps() -> u32

The default ULPs to tolerate when testing values that are far-apart.

pub fn ulps_eq(&self, other: &Self, epsilon: T::Epsilon, max_ulps: u32) -> bool

A test for equality that uses units in the last place (ULP) if the values are far apart.

pub fn ulps_ne(
    &self,
    other: &Rhs,
    epsilon: Self::Epsilon,
    max_ulps: u32
) -> bool

The inverse of UlpsEq::ulps_eq.

impl<T: Wrap + Copy> Wrap<T> for Vec2<T>

pub fn wrapped(self, upper: T) -> Self

Returns this value, wrapped between zero and some upper bound (both inclusive).

pub fn wrapped_between(self, lower: T, upper: T) -> Self

Returns this value, wrapped between lower (inclusive) and upper (exclusive).

pub fn pingpong(self, upper: T) -> Self

Wraps a value such that it goes back and forth from zero to upper (inclusive) as it increases.

pub fn wrap(val: Self, upper: Bound) -> Self

Alias to wrapped() which doesn't take self.

pub fn wrapped_2pi(self) -> Self where
    Bound: FloatConst + Add<Output = Bound>, 

Returns this value, wrapped between zero and two times 𝛑 (inclusive).

pub fn wrap_2pi(val: Self) -> Self where
    Bound: FloatConst + Add<Output = Bound>, 

Alias to wrapped_2pi which doesn't take self.

pub fn wrap_between(val: Self, lower: Bound, upper: Bound) -> Self where
    Self: Sub<Output = Self> + Add<Output = Self> + From<Bound>,
    Bound: Copy + Sub<Output = Bound> + PartialOrd, 

Alias to wrapped_between which doesn't take self.

pub fn delta_angle(self, target: Self) -> Self where
    Self: From<Bound> + Sub<Output = Self> + PartialOrd,
    Bound: FloatConst + Add<Output = Bound>, 

Calculates the shortest difference between two given angles, in radians.

pub fn delta_angle_degrees(self, target: Self) -> Self where
    Self: From<Bound> + Sub<Output = Self> + PartialOrd,
    Bound: From<u16>, 

Calculates the shortest difference between two given angles, in degrees.

impl<T: Wrap> Wrap<Vec2<T>> for Vec2<T>

pub fn wrapped(self, upper: Vec2<T>) -> Self

Returns this value, wrapped between zero and some upper bound (both inclusive).

pub fn wrapped_between(self, lower: Self, upper: Self) -> Self

Returns this value, wrapped between lower (inclusive) and upper (exclusive).

pub fn pingpong(self, upper: Self) -> Self

Wraps a value such that it goes back and forth from zero to upper (inclusive) as it increases.

pub fn wrap(val: Self, upper: Bound) -> Self

Alias to wrapped() which doesn't take self.

pub fn wrapped_2pi(self) -> Self where
    Bound: FloatConst + Add<Output = Bound>, 

Returns this value, wrapped between zero and two times 𝛑 (inclusive).

pub fn wrap_2pi(val: Self) -> Self where
    Bound: FloatConst + Add<Output = Bound>, 

Alias to wrapped_2pi which doesn't take self.

pub fn wrap_between(val: Self, lower: Bound, upper: Bound) -> Self where
    Self: Sub<Output = Self> + Add<Output = Self> + From<Bound>,
    Bound: Copy + Sub<Output = Bound> + PartialOrd, 

Alias to wrapped_between which doesn't take self.

pub fn delta_angle(self, target: Self) -> Self where
    Self: From<Bound> + Sub<Output = Self> + PartialOrd,
    Bound: FloatConst + Add<Output = Bound>, 

Calculates the shortest difference between two given angles, in radians.

pub fn delta_angle_degrees(self, target: Self) -> Self where
    Self: From<Bound> + Sub<Output = Self> + PartialOrd,
    Bound: From<u16>, 

Calculates the shortest difference between two given angles, in degrees.

impl<T: Zero + PartialEq> Zero for Vec2<T>

pub fn zero() -> Self

Returns the additive identity element of Self, 0.

pub fn is_zero(&self) -> bool

Returns true if self is equal to the additive identity.

pub fn set_zero(&mut self)

Sets self to the additive identity element of Self, 0.