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//! A UTF-8 encoded, growable string. //! //! The `String2` type is string type that has owership over the [char]. //! //! # Example //! //! You can create a `String2` from a literal string with `String2::from`: //! //! ``` //! use string2::String2; //! //! let hello = String2::from("hello, world!"); //! ``` //! //! You can append a [`char`] to a `String2` with the [`push`] method, and //! append a [`&str`] with the [`push_str`] method; //! //! ``` //! use string2::String2; //! //! let mut hello = String2::from("Hello, "); //! //! hello.push('w'); //! hello.push_str("orld!"); //! ``` //! //! [`&str`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/primitive.str.html //! [`char`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/primitive.char.html //! [`push`]: #method.push //! [`push_str`]: #method.push_str //! //! If you have a [`String`], you can create a `String2` from it with the //! [`from`] method, and you can convert `String2` to [`String`] whit the //! [`into`] method: //! //! ``` //! use string2::String2; //! //! let hello = String::from("Hello world!"); //! //! let world = String2::from(hello); //! //! let hello_world: String = world.into(); //! ``` //! //! [`String`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/struct.String.html //! [`from`]: #method.from //! [`into`]: #method.into use std::ops; use std::fmt; /// A UTF-8 encoded, growable string. /// /// The `String2` type is string type that has owership over the [char]. /// /// # Example /// /// You can create a `String2` from a literal string with `String2::from`: /// /// ``` /// use string2::String2; /// /// let hello = String2::from("hello, world!"); /// ``` /// /// You can append a [`char`] to a `String2` with the [`push`] method, and /// append a [`&str`] with the [`push_str`] method; /// /// ``` /// use string2::String2; /// /// let mut hello = String2::from("Hello, "); /// /// hello.push('w'); /// hello.push_str("orld!"); /// ``` /// /// [`&str`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/primitive.str.html /// [`char`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/primitive.char.html /// [`push`]: #method.push /// [`push_str`]: #method.push_str /// /// If you have a [`String`], you can create a `String2` from it with the /// [`from`] method, and you can convert `String2` to [`String`] whit the /// [`into`] method: /// /// ``` /// use string2::String2; /// /// let hello = String::from("Hello world!"); /// /// let world = String2::from(hello); /// /// let hello_world: String = world.into(); /// ``` /// /// [`String`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/struct.String.html /// [`from`]: #method.from /// [`into`]: #method.into /// /// /// # Representation /// /// A `String2` is made up of three components: a pointer to some chars, a /// length, and a capacity. The pointer points to an internal buffer `String2` /// uses to store its data. The length is the munber of bytes currently /// stored in the buffer, and the capacity is the size of the buffer in /// chars. As such, the length will always be less than or equal to the /// capacity. /// /// The buffer is always stored on the heap. /// /// You can look at these with the [`as_ptr`], [`len`], and [`capacity`] /// methods: /// /// ``` /// use std::mem; /// use string2::String2; /// /// let story = String2::from("Once upon a time..."); /// /// let ptr = story.as_ptr(); /// let len = story.len(); /// let capacity = story.capacity(); /// /// // story has nineteen chars /// assert_eq!(19, len); /// /// // Now that we have our parts, we throw the story away. /// mem::forget(story); /// /// // We can re-build a String2 out of ptr, len, and capacity. This is all /// // unsafe because we are responsible for making sure the components /// // valid: /// let s = unsafe { String2::from_raw_parts(ptr as *mut _, len, capacity) }; /// /// assert_eq!(String2::from("Once upon a time..."), s); /// ``` /// /// [`as_ptr`]: #method.as_ptr /// [`len`]: #method.len /// [`capacity`]: #method.capacity /// /// If a `String2` has enough capacity, adding elements to it will not /// re-allocate. For example, consider this program: /// /// ``` /// use string2::String2; /// /// let mut s = String2::new(); /// /// println!("{}", s.capacity()); /// /// for _ in 0..5 { /// s.push_str("hello"); /// println!("{}", s.capacity()); /// } /// ``` /// /// This will output the following: /// /// ```text /// 0 /// 5 /// 10 /// 20 /// 20 /// 40 /// ``` /// /// At first, we have no memory allocated at all, but as we append to the /// string, it increases its capacity appropriately. If we instead use the /// [`with_capacity`] method to allocate the correct capacity initially: /// /// ``` /// use string2::String2; /// /// let mut s = String2::with_capacity(25); /// /// println!("{}", s.capacity()); /// /// for _ in 0..5 { /// s.push_str("hello"); /// println!("{}", s.capacity()); /// } /// ``` /// /// [`with_capacity`]: #method.with_capacity /// /// We end up with a different output: /// /// ```text /// 25 /// 25 /// 25 /// 25 /// 25 /// 25 /// ``` /// /// Here, there's no need to allocate more memory inside the loop. #[derive(Clone, Eq, Ord)] pub struct String2 { inner: Vec<char> } impl String2 { /// Creates a new empty `String2`. /// /// Given that the `String2` is empty, this will not allocate any initial /// buffer. While that means that this initial operation is very /// inexpensive, but may cause excessive allocation later, when you add /// data. If you have an idea of how much data the `String2` will hold, /// consider the [`with_capacity`] method to prevent excessive /// re-allocation. /// /// [`with_capacity`]: #method.with_capacity /// /// # Examples /// /// Basic usage: /// /// ``` /// use string2::String2; /// /// let s = String2::new(); /// ``` #[inline] pub fn new() -> String2 { String2 { inner: Vec::new() } } /// Creates a new empty `String2` with a particular capacity. /// /// `String2`s have an internal buffer to hold their data. The capacity is /// the length of that buffer, and can be queried with the [`capacity`] /// method. This method creates an empty `String2`, but one with an initial /// buffer that can hold `capacity` bytes. This is useful when you may be /// appending a bunch of data to the `String2`, reducing the number of /// reallocations it needs to do. /// /// [`capacity`]: #method.capacity /// /// If the given capacity is `0`, no allocation will occur, and this method /// is identical to the [`new`] method. /// /// [`new`]: #method.new /// /// # Examples /// /// Basic usage: /// /// ``` /// use string2::String2; /// /// let mut s = String2::with_capacity(10); /// /// // The String2 contains no chars, even though it has capacity for more /// assert_eq!(s.len(), 0); /// /// // These are all done without reallocating... /// let cap = s.capacity(); /// for i in 0..10 { /// s.push('a'); /// } /// /// assert_eq!(s.capacity(), cap); /// /// // ...but this may make the vector reallocate /// s.push('a'); /// ``` #[inline] pub fn with_capacity(capacity: usize) -> String2 { String2 { inner: Vec::with_capacity(capacity) } } /// Returns this `String2`'s capacity, in bytes. /// /// # Examples /// /// Basic usage: /// /// ``` /// use string2::String2; /// /// let s = String2::with_capacity(10); /// /// assert!(s.capacity() >= 10); /// ``` #[inline] pub fn capacity(&self) -> usize { self.inner.capacity() } /// Ensures that this `String2`'s capacity is at least `additional` bytes /// larger than its length. /// /// The capacity may be increased by more than `additional` bytes if it /// chooses, to prevent frequent reallocations. /// /// If you do not want this "at least" behavior, see the [`reserve_exact`] /// method. /// /// [`reserve_exact`]: #method.reserve_exact /// /// # Panics /// /// Panics if the new capacity overflows `usize`. /// /// # Examples /// /// Basic usage: /// /// ``` /// use string2::String2; /// /// let mut s = String2::new(); /// /// s.reserve(10); /// /// assert!(s.capacity() >= 10); /// ``` /// /// This may not actually increase the capacity: /// /// ``` /// use string2::String2; /// /// let mut s = String2::with_capacity(10); /// s.push('a'); /// s.push('b'); /// /// // s now has a length of 2 and a capacity of 10 /// assert_eq!(2, s.len()); /// assert_eq!(10, s.capacity()); /// /// // Since we already have an extra 8 capacity, calling this... /// s.reserve(8); /// /// // ... doesn't actually increase. /// assert_eq!(10, s.capacity()); /// ``` #[inline] pub fn reserve(&mut self, additional: usize) { self.inner.reserve(additional); } /// Ensures that this `String2`'s capacity is `additional` bytes /// larger than its length. /// /// Consider using the [`reserve`] method unless you absolutely know /// better than the allocator. /// /// [`reserve`]: #method.reserve /// /// # Panics /// /// Panics if the new capacity overflows `usize`. /// /// # Examples /// /// Basic usage: /// /// ``` /// use string2::String2; /// /// let mut s = String2::new(); /// /// s.reserve_exact(10); /// /// assert!(s.capacity() >= 10); /// ``` /// /// This may not actually increase the capacity: /// /// ``` /// use string2::String2; /// /// let mut s = String2::with_capacity(10); /// s.push('a'); /// s.push('b'); /// /// // s now has a length of 2 and a capacity of 10 /// assert_eq!(2, s.len()); /// assert_eq!(10, s.capacity()); /// /// // Since we already have an extra 8 capacity, calling this... /// s.reserve_exact(8); /// /// // ... doesn't actually increase. /// assert_eq!(10, s.capacity()); /// ``` #[inline] pub fn reserve_exact(&mut self, additional: usize) { self.inner.reserve_exact(additional); } /// Shrinks the capacity of this `String2` to match its length. /// /// # Examples /// /// Basic usage: /// /// ``` /// use string2::String2; /// /// let mut s = String2::from("foo"); /// /// s.reserve(100); /// assert!(s.capacity() >= 100); /// /// s.shrink_to_fit(); /// assert_eq!(3, s.capacity()); /// ``` #[inline] pub fn shrink_to_fit(&mut self) { self.inner.shrink_to_fit(); } /// Converts a `String2` to a raw pointer. /// As `String2` are a vector of chars, the raw pointer points to a char. /// This pointer will be pointing to the first byte of the `String2`. /// /// # Examples /// /// Basic usage: /// /// ``` /// use string2::String2; /// /// let s = String2::from("Hello"); /// let ptr = s.as_ptr(); /// ``` #[inline] pub fn as_ptr(&self) -> *const char { self.inner.as_ptr() } /// Creates a new `String2` from a length, capacity, and pointer. /// /// # Safety /// /// This is highly unsafe, due to the number of invariants that aren't /// checked: /// /// * The memory at `ptr` needs to have been previously allocated by the /// same allocator the standard library uses. /// * `length` needs to be less than or equal to `capacity`. /// * `capacity` needs to be the correct value. /// /// Violating these may cause problems like corrupting the allocator's /// internal datastructures. /// /// The ownership of `ptr` is effectively transferred to the /// `String2` which may then deallocate, reallocate or change the /// contents of memory pointed to by the pointer at will. Ensure /// that nothing else uses the pointer after calling this /// function. /// /// # Examples /// /// Basic usage: /// /// ``` /// use std::mem; /// use string2::String2; /// /// let s = String2::from("hello"); /// let ptr = s.as_ptr(); /// let len = s.len(); /// let capacity = s.capacity(); /// /// mem::forget(s); /// /// let s = unsafe { String2::from_raw_parts(ptr as *mut _, len, capacity) }; /// /// assert_eq!(String2::from("hello"), s); /// ``` #[inline] pub unsafe fn from_raw_parts(buf: *mut char, length: usize, capacity: usize) -> String2 { String2 { inner: Vec::from_raw_parts(buf, length, capacity) } } /// Converts a `String2` into a byte vector. /// /// # Examples /// /// Basic usage: /// /// ``` /// use string2::String2; /// /// let s = String2::from("hello"); /// let bytes = s.as_bytes(); /// /// assert_eq!(&[104, 101, 108, 108, 111], &bytes[..]); /// ``` #[inline] pub fn as_bytes(&self) -> Vec<u8> { let s: String = self.clone().into(); s.into_bytes() } /// Converts a `String2` into a char slice. /// /// This consumes the `String2`, so we do not need to copy its contents. /// /// # Examples /// /// Basic usage: /// /// ``` /// use string2::String2; /// /// let s = String2::from("hello"); /// let bytes = s.as_slice(); /// /// assert_eq!(&['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o'][..], &bytes[..]); /// ``` #[inline] pub fn as_slice(&self) -> &[char] { self.inner.as_slice() } /// Converts a `String2` into a mut char slice. /// /// This consumes the `String2`, so we do not need to copy its contents. /// /// # Examples /// /// Basic usage: /// /// ``` /// use string2::String2; /// /// let mut s = String2::from("hello"); /// { /// let bytes = s.as_mut_slice(); /// bytes[1] = 'a'; /// } /// /// assert_eq!(String2::from("hallo"), s); /// ``` #[inline] pub fn as_mut_slice(&mut self) -> &mut [char] { self.inner.as_mut_slice() } /// Converts a `String2` into a char vector. /// /// This consumes the `String2`, so we do not need to copy its contents. /// /// # Examples /// /// Basic usage: /// /// ``` /// use string2::String2; /// /// let s = String2::from("hello"); /// let bytes = s.as_vec(); /// /// assert_eq!(&['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o'], &bytes[..]); /// ``` #[inline] pub fn as_vec(self) -> Vec<char> { self.inner } /// Converts a `String2` into a mut char slice. /// /// This consumes the `String2`, so we do not need to copy its contents. /// /// # Examples /// /// Basic usage: /// /// ``` /// use string2::String2; /// /// let mut s = String2::from("hello"); /// { /// let bytes = s.as_mut_vec(); /// bytes[1] = 'a'; /// } /// /// assert_eq!(String2::from("hallo"), s); /// ``` #[inline] pub fn as_mut_vec(&mut self) -> &mut Vec<char> { &mut self.inner } #[inline] pub fn retain<F>(&mut self, f: F) where F: FnMut(&char) -> bool { self.inner.retain(f) } #[inline] pub fn get(&self, idx: usize) -> Option<&char> { self.inner.get(idx) } #[inline] pub fn get_mut(&mut self, idx: usize) -> Option<&mut char> { self.inner.get_mut(idx) } #[inline] pub fn truncate(&mut self, new_len: usize) { self.inner.truncate(new_len); } #[inline] pub fn push(&mut self, ch: char) { self.inner.push(ch); } #[inline] pub fn push_str(&mut self, string: &str) { self.inner.extend(string.chars()) } #[inline] pub fn pop(&mut self) -> Option<char> { self.inner.pop() } #[inline] pub fn remove(&mut self, idx: usize) -> char { self.inner.remove(idx) } #[inline] pub fn insert(&mut self, idx: usize, ch: char) { self.inner.insert(idx, ch); } #[inline] pub fn insert_str(&mut self, _idx: usize, _string: &str) { } #[inline] pub fn append(&mut self, other: &mut Self) { self.inner.append(&mut other.inner) } #[inline] pub fn len(&self) -> usize { self.inner.len() } #[inline] pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool { self.inner.is_empty() } #[inline] pub fn split_off(&mut self, at: usize) -> String2 { let other = self.inner.split_off(at); String2 { inner: other } } #[inline] pub fn split_at(&self, mid: usize) -> (String2, String2) { let (a, b) = self.inner.split_at(mid); (String2 { inner: a.to_vec() }, String2 { inner: b.to_vec() }) } #[inline] pub fn clear(&mut self) { self.inner.clear() } #[inline] pub fn iter(self) -> StrIterator { self.into_iter() } } impl<'a> From<&'a str> for String2 { #[inline] fn from(string: &'a str) -> String2 { String2 { inner: string.chars().collect() } } } impl From<String> for String2 { #[inline] fn from(string: String) -> String2 { String2 { inner: string.chars().collect() } } } impl From<Vec<char>> for String2 { #[inline] fn from(s: Vec<char>) -> String2 { String2 { inner: s } } } impl<'a> From<&'a [char]> for String2 { #[inline] fn from(s: &'a [char]) -> String2 { String2 { inner: s.to_vec() } } } impl<'a> From<&'a mut [char]> for String2 { #[inline] fn from(s: &'a mut [char]) -> String2 { String2 { inner: s.to_vec() } } } impl Into<String> for String2 { fn into(self) -> String { self.inner.iter().map(|c| c.encode_utf8(&mut [0; 4]).to_string()).collect() } } impl<'a> Into<String> for &'a String2 { fn into(self) -> String { self.inner.iter().map(|c| c.encode_utf8(&mut [0; 4]).to_string()).collect() } } impl Default for String2 { #[inline] fn default() -> String2 { String2::new() } } impl IntoIterator for String2 { type Item = char; type IntoIter = StrIterator; #[inline] fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter { StrIterator { inner: self.inner.into_iter() } } } pub struct StrIterator { inner: ::std::vec::IntoIter<char> } impl Iterator for StrIterator { type Item = char; #[inline] fn next(&mut self) -> Option<char> { self.inner.next() } } impl AsRef<String2> for String2 { #[inline] fn as_ref(&self) -> &String2 { self } } impl AsMut<String2> for String2 { #[inline] fn as_mut(&mut self) -> &mut String2 { self } } impl AsRef<[char]> for String2 { #[inline] fn as_ref(&self) -> &[char] { &self.inner } } impl AsMut<[char]> for String2 { #[inline] fn as_mut(&mut self) -> &mut [char] { &mut self.inner } } impl ops::Add for String2 { type Output = String2; #[inline] fn add(self, other: String2) -> String2 { let mut self2 = self; let mut other = other; self2.inner.append(&mut other.inner); self2 } } impl ops::Add<char> for String2 { type Output = String2; #[inline] fn add(mut self, other: char) -> String2 { self.push(other); self } } impl<'a> ops::Add<&'a str> for String2 { type Output = String2; #[inline] fn add(mut self, other: &str) -> String2 { self.push_str(other); self } } impl ops::AddAssign for String2 { #[inline] fn add_assign(&mut self, other: String2) { let mut other = other; self.inner.append(other.inner.as_mut()) } } impl ops::AddAssign<char> for String2 { #[inline] fn add_assign(&mut self, other: char) { self.push(other) } } impl<'a> ops::AddAssign<&'a str> for String2 { #[inline] fn add_assign(&mut self, other: &str) { self.push_str(other) } } impl PartialEq for String2 { #[inline] fn eq(&self, other: &String2) -> bool { self.inner == other.inner } } impl PartialOrd for String2 { #[inline] fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &String2) -> Option<::std::cmp::Ordering> { PartialOrd::partial_cmp(&self.inner, &other.inner) } } impl ops::Index<usize> for String2 { type Output = char; #[inline] fn index(&self, idx: usize) -> &char { &self.inner[idx] } } impl ops::Index<ops::Range<usize>> for String2 { type Output = [char]; #[inline] fn index(&self, range: ops::Range<usize>) -> &[char] { self.inner.index(range) } } impl ops::Index<ops::RangeFrom<usize>> for String2 { type Output = [char]; #[inline] fn index(&self, range: ops::RangeFrom<usize>) -> &[char] { self.inner.index(range) } } impl ops::Index<ops::RangeTo<usize>> for String2 { type Output = [char]; #[inline] fn index(&self, range: ops::RangeTo<usize>) -> &[char] { self.inner.index(range) } } impl ops::Index<ops::RangeFull> for String2 { type Output = [char]; #[inline] fn index(&self, _range: ops::RangeFull) -> &[char] { self.as_ref() } } impl ops::IndexMut<usize> for String2 { #[inline] fn index_mut(&mut self, idx: usize) -> &mut char { &mut self.inner[idx] } } impl ops::IndexMut<ops::Range<usize>> for String2 { #[inline] fn index_mut(&mut self, range: ops::Range<usize>) -> &mut [char] { self.inner.index_mut(range) } } impl ops::IndexMut<ops::RangeFrom<usize>> for String2 { #[inline] fn index_mut(&mut self, range: ops::RangeFrom<usize>) -> &mut [char] { self.inner.index_mut(range) } } impl ops::IndexMut<ops::RangeTo<usize>> for String2 { #[inline] fn index_mut(&mut self, range: ops::RangeTo<usize>) -> &mut [char] { self.inner.index_mut(range) } } impl ops::IndexMut<ops::RangeFull> for String2 { #[inline] fn index_mut(&mut self, range: ops::RangeFull) -> &mut [char] { self.inner.index_mut(range) } } impl fmt::Display for String2 { #[inline] fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result { let s: String = self.into(); fmt::Display::fmt(&s, f) } } impl fmt::Debug for String2 { #[inline] fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result { let s: String = self.into(); fmt::Debug::fmt(&s, f) } }