//! Library for retrieving readings from Adafruit STEMMA Soil Sensor.
//!
//! The implementation is based on the [Adafruit CircuitPython Seesaw library](https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_CircuitPython_seesaw).
//!
//! The library is tested and used on a Raspberry Pi 3 B+ board, running Raspbian but uses interfaces
//! from `embedded_hal` operations like sleep/delay and other system calls.
//!
//! ## Example
//!
//! ```rust, ignore
//! pub fn main(interval_ms: u64) {
//!    use stemma_soil_sensor::SoilSensor;
//!    use linux_embedded_hal::Delay;
//!    use embedded_hal::blocking::delay::DelayMs;
//!
//!    let delay = Delay {};
//!    let mut sensor = SoilSensor::init(delay).unwrap();
//!
//!     loop {
//!        let temp = sensor.get_temp().unwrap();
//!        let cap = sensor.get_capacitance().unwrap();
//!        println!("The temperature is: {:.02}", temp);
//!        println!("The capacitance is: {}", cap);
//!        let mut delay = Delay {};
//!        delay.delay_ms(2000u32);
//!    }
//!}
//! ```
//!
//! ## Debugging
//!
//! There are a lot of `debug!` information in the code which will be available on debug builds.
//! Attaching a logger and setting `RUST_LOG=debug` will yield a lot of information.
//!
use embedded_hal::blocking::delay::DelayUs;
use rppal::i2c::{self, Error as I2CError, I2c};
#[macro_use]
extern crate log;
use thiserror::Error;

mod regs;

// Let the chip get some time to process. https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_Seesaw/blob/8728936a5d1a0a7bf2887a82adb0828b70556a45/Adafruit_seesaw.cpp#L745
const STD_PROCESSING_DELAY_MICROS: u16 = 125;

const SENSOR_START_ADDR: u16 = 0x36;
const SENSOR_END_ADDR: u16 = 0x39;

pub type Result<T> = std::result::Result<T, SoilSensErr>;

pub struct SoilSensor<D: DelayUs<u16>> {
    channel: I2c,
    delay: D,
}

impl<D: DelayUs<u16>> SoilSensor<D> {
    /// Initializes the sensor
    pub fn init(mut delay: D) -> Result<Self> {
        let mut channel = i2c::I2c::new()?;
        let mut hw_found: bool = false;

        for adr in SENSOR_START_ADDR..=SENSOR_END_ADDR {
            channel.set_slave_address(adr)?;
            debug!("Connecting to adr: {:#X}", adr);

            match init::channel_init(&mut delay, &mut channel) {
                Ok(()) => {
                    hw_found = true;
                    break;
                }
                Err(SoilSensErr::HardwareMismatch(..)) => continue,
                Err(SoilSensErr::InvalidSlaveAddress(..)) => continue,
                Err(e) => return Err(e),
            }
        }
        if !hw_found {
            return Err(SoilSensErr::HwNotFound);
        }

        Ok(SoilSensor { channel, delay })
    }

    /// Creates an instance from a pre-set channel. Useful if you want to communicate with
    /// the sensors through a multiplexer or if your sensor for some reason is not in the standard
    /// address range or needs some additional initialization before communicating with the sensor.
    ///
    /// This method still initializes the sensor and performs the necessary checks.
    pub fn init_with_channel(mut delay: D, channel: I2c) -> Result<Self> {
        // Initialize sensor.
        let mut channel = channel;
        init::channel_init(&mut delay, &mut channel)?;
        Ok(SoilSensor { channel, delay })
    }

    /// Reads the temperature off the soil sensor. The temperature is in Celsius.
    ///
    /// The temperature sensor is not high precision but should be indicate the temperature
    /// +/- 2 degrees.
    pub fn get_temp(&mut self) -> Result<f32> {
        let l_reg = regs::base::SEESAW_STATUS_BASE;
        let h_reg = regs::func::SEESAW_STATUS_TEMP;
        let delay = STD_PROCESSING_DELAY_MICROS;

        let mut buffer = [0u8; 4];
        self.read(l_reg, h_reg, &mut buffer[..], delay)?;
        let tmp_val = i32::from_be_bytes(buffer) as f32;

        // See: https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_Seesaw/blob/8728936a5d1a0a7bf2887a82adb0828b70556a45/Adafruit_seesaw.cpp#L664
        let temp_celsius = (1.0 / (1u32 << 16) as f32) * tmp_val;
        Ok(temp_celsius)
    }

    /// Read the value of the moisture sensor
    ///
    /// The values ranges from 200 (very dry) to 2000 (very wet).
    ///
    /// # Errors
    /// This method will try to read the value from the sensors 3 times before
    /// it returns a `SoilSensErr::MoistureReadErr` if no read is successful.
    pub fn get_capacitance(&mut self) -> Result<u16> {
        let l_reg: u8 = regs::base::SEESAW_TOUCH_BASE;
        let h_reg: u8 = regs::touch::SEESAW_TOUCH_CHANNEL_OFFSET;
        let mut buff = [0u8; 2];
        let mut retry_counter = 0;

        while retry_counter < 3 {
            self.delay.delay_us(1000);
            // NB! Setting this to 1000 (like in the C library) errors.
            if let Err(e) = self.read(l_reg, h_reg, &mut buff, 5000) {
                debug!("Error reading capacitance: {}. Retry: {}", e, retry_counter + 1);
                retry_counter += 1;
                continue;
            }

            // A read before the chip is ready will be 0xFFFF
            let cap = u16::from_be_bytes(buff);
            if cap < u16::max_value() {
                return Ok(cap);
            }
        }

        Err(SoilSensErr::MoistureReadErr)
    }

    /// Read an arbitrary I2C register range on the device.
    ///
    /// Delay is needed to allow the board to process the request.
    fn read(&mut self, reg_low: u8, reg_high: u8, buff: &mut [u8], delay_us: u16) -> Result<()> {
        self.channel.write(&[reg_low, reg_high])?;
        self.delay.delay_us(delay_us);
        self.channel.read(buff)?;
        debug!("Received: {:?}", buff);
        Ok(())
    }
}

mod init {
    use super::*;

    /// Initialize the channel
    pub fn channel_init<D: DelayUs<u16>>(delay: &mut D, chan: &mut I2c) -> Result<()> {
        match try_read_chan(chan, delay) {
            Ok(resp) => {
                debug!("Found device with HW id: {}", resp);
                if resp != regs::SEESAW_HW_ID_CODE {
                    return Err(SoilSensErr::HardwareMismatch(regs::SEESAW_HW_ID_CODE, resp));
                } else {
                    debug!("HW ID match: exp {}, got: {}", resp, regs::SEESAW_HW_ID_CODE);
                    return Ok(());
                }
            }

            Err(SoilSensErr::I2C {
                source: I2CError::InvalidSlaveAddress(adr),
            }) => {
                debug!("Invalid address: {}", adr);
                return Err(SoilSensErr::InvalidSlaveAddress(adr));
            }

            Err(e) => {
                debug!("Unexpected err: {}", e);
                return Err(e);
            }
        }
    }

    // The fallible initialization code which we'll call for the entire valid address range
    fn try_read_chan<D: DelayUs<u16>>(chan: &mut I2c, delay: &mut D) -> Result<u8> {
        let reg_high = regs::base::SEESAW_STATUS_BASE;
        let reg_low = regs::func::SEESAW_STATUS_HW_ID;
        chan.write(&[reg_high, reg_low])?;
        let mut buffer = [0];
        delay.delay_us(STD_PROCESSING_DELAY_MICROS);

        chan.read(&mut buffer)?;
        debug!("Got: {:?}", buffer);
        Ok(buffer[0])
    }
}

#[derive(Debug, Error)]
pub enum SoilSensErr {
    #[error("Couldn't get a valid reading from the moisture sensor.")]
    MoistureReadErr,
    #[error("Couldn't connect to the sensor.")]
    HwNotFound,
    #[error("Invalid Hardware ID. Expected {0}, got {1}")]
    HardwareMismatch(u8, u8),
    #[error("invalid slave address: {0:#X}")]
    InvalidSlaveAddress(u16),
    #[error("I2C connection error. {source}")]
    I2C {
        #[from]
        source: i2c::Error,
    },
}