Struct socket2::Socket

pub struct Socket { /* fields omitted */ }

Owned wrapper around a system socket.

This type simply wraps an instance of a file descriptor (c_int) on Unix and an instance of SOCKET on Windows. This is the main type exported by this crate and is intended to mirror the raw semantics of sockets on platforms as closely as possible. Almost all methods correspond to precisely one libc or OS API call which is essentially just a “Rustic translation” of what’s below.

This type can be freely converted into the network primitives provided by the standard library, such as TcpStream or UdpSocket, using the Into trait, see the example below.

Notes

Some methods that set options on Socket require two system calls to set there options without overwriting previously set options. We do this by first getting the current settings, applying the desired changes and than updating the settings. This means that the operation is not atomic. This can lead to a data race when two threads are changing options in parallel.

Examples

use std::net::{SocketAddr, TcpListener};
use socket2::{Socket, Domain, Type};

// create a TCP listener bound to two addresses
let socket = Socket::new(Domain::IPV4, Type::STREAM, None)?;

let address: SocketAddr = "[::1]:12345".parse().unwrap();
let address = address.into();
socket.bind(&address)?;
socket.bind(&address)?;
socket.listen(128)?;

let listener: TcpListener = socket.into();
// ...

Implementations

impl Socket

pub fn new(
    domain: Domain,
    ty: Type,
    protocol: Option<Protocol>
) -> Result<Socket>

Creates a new socket and sets common flags.

This function corresponds to socket(2) on Unix and WSASocketW on Windows.

On Unix-like systems, the close-on-exec flag is set on the new socket. Additionally, on Apple platforms SOCK_NOSIGPIPE is set. On Windows, the socket is made non-inheritable.

Socket::new_raw can be used if you don’t want these flags to be set.

pub fn new_raw(
    domain: Domain,
    ty: Type,
    protocol: Option<Protocol>
) -> Result<Socket>

Creates a new socket ready to be configured.

This function corresponds to socket(2) on Unix and WSASocketW on Windows and simply creates a new socket, no other configuration is done.

pub fn pair(
    domain: Domain,
    ty: Type,
    protocol: Option<Protocol>
) -> Result<(Socket, Socket)>

Creates a pair of sockets which are connected to each other.

This function corresponds to socketpair(2).

This function sets the same flags as in done for Socket::new, Socket::pair_raw can be used if you don’t want to set those flags.

Notes

This function is only available on Unix.

pub fn pair_raw(
    domain: Domain,
    ty: Type,
    protocol: Option<Protocol>
) -> Result<(Socket, Socket)>

Creates a pair of sockets which are connected to each other.

This function corresponds to socketpair(2).

Notes

This function is only available on Unix.

pub fn bind(&self, address: &SockAddr) -> Result<()>

Binds this socket to the specified address.

This function directly corresponds to the bind(2) function on Windows and Unix.

pub fn connect(&self, address: &SockAddr) -> Result<()>

Initiate a connection on this socket to the specified address.

This function directly corresponds to the connect(2) function on Windows and Unix.

An error will be returned if listen or connect has already been called on this builder.

Notes

When using a non-blocking connect (by setting the socket into non-blocking mode before calling this function), socket option can’t be set while connecting. This will cause errors on Windows. Socket options can be safely set before and after connecting the socket.

pub fn connect_timeout(&self, addr: &SockAddr, timeout: Duration) -> Result<()>

Initiate a connection on this socket to the specified address, only only waiting for a certain period of time for the connection to be established.

Unlike many other methods on Socket, this does not correspond to a single C function. It sets the socket to nonblocking mode, connects via connect(2), and then waits for the connection to complete with poll(2) on Unix and select on Windows. When the connection is complete, the socket is set back to blocking mode. On Unix, this will loop over EINTR errors.

Warnings

The non-blocking state of the socket is overridden by this function - it will be returned in blocking mode on success, and in an indeterminate state on failure.

If the connection request times out, it may still be processing in the background - a second call to connect or connect_timeout may fail.

pub fn listen(&self, backlog: c_int) -> Result<()>

Mark a socket as ready to accept incoming connection requests using Socket::accept().

This function directly corresponds to the listen(2) function on Windows and Unix.

An error will be returned if listen or connect has already been called on this builder.

pub fn accept(&self) -> Result<(Socket, SockAddr)>

Accept a new incoming connection from this listener.

This function uses accept4(2) on platforms that support it and accept(2) platforms that do not.

This function sets the same flags as in done for Socket::new, Socket::accept_raw can be used if you don’t want to set those flags.

pub fn accept_raw(&self) -> Result<(Socket, SockAddr)>

Accept a new incoming connection from this listener.

This function directly corresponds to the accept(2) function on Windows and Unix.

pub fn local_addr(&self) -> Result<SockAddr>

Returns the socket address of the local half of this socket.

Notes

Depending on the OS this may return an error if the socket is not bound.

pub fn peer_addr(&self) -> Result<SockAddr>

Returns the socket address of the remote peer of this socket.

Notes

This returns an error if the socket is not connected.

pub fn try_clone(&self) -> Result<Socket>

Creates a new independently owned handle to the underlying socket.

Notes

On Unix this uses F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC and thus sets the FD_CLOEXEC on the returned socket.

On Windows this uses WSA_FLAG_NO_HANDLE_INHERIT setting inheriting to false.

On Windows this can not be used function cannot be used on a QOS-enabled socket, see https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winsock2/nf-winsock2-wsaduplicatesocketw.

pub fn set_nonblocking(&self, nonblocking: bool) -> Result<()>

Moves this TCP stream into or out of nonblocking mode.

Notes

On Unix this corresponds to calling fcntl (un)setting O_NONBLOCK.

On Windows this corresponds to calling ioctlsocket (un)setting FIONBIO.

pub fn shutdown(&self, how: Shutdown) -> Result<()>

Shuts down the read, write, or both halves of this connection.

This function will cause all pending and future I/O on the specified portions to return immediately with an appropriate value.

pub fn recv(&self, buf: &mut [MaybeUninit<u8>]) -> Result<usize>

Receives data on the socket from the remote address to which it is connected.

The connect method will connect this socket to a remote address. This method might fail if the socket is not connected.

Safety

Normally casting a &mut [u8] to &mut [MaybeUninit<u8>] would be unsound, as that allows us to write uninitialised bytes to the buffer. However this implementation promises to not write uninitialised bytes to the buffer and passes it directly to recv(2) system call. This promise ensures that this function can be called using a buffer of type &mut [u8].

Note that the io::Read::read implementation calls this function with a buffer of type &mut [u8], allowing initialised buffers to be used without using unsafe.

pub fn recv_out_of_band(&self, buf: &mut [MaybeUninit<u8>]) -> Result<usize>

Receives out-of-band (OOB) data on the socket from the remote address to which it is connected by setting the MSG_OOB flag for this call.

For more information, see recv, out_of_band_inline.

pub fn recv_with_flags(
    &self,
    buf: &mut [MaybeUninit<u8>],
    flags: c_int
) -> Result<usize>

Identical to recv but allows for specification of arbitrary flags to the underlying recv call.

pub fn recv_vectored(
    &self,
    bufs: &mut [MaybeUninitSlice<'_>]
) -> Result<(usize, RecvFlags)>

Receives data on the socket from the remote address to which it is connected. Unlike recv this allows passing multiple buffers.

The connect method will connect this socket to a remote address. This method might fail if the socket is not connected.

In addition to the number of bytes read, this function returns the flags for the received message. See RecvFlags for more information about the returned flags.

Safety

Normally casting a IoSliceMut to MaybeUninitSlice would be unsound, as that allows us to write uninitialised bytes to the buffer. However this implementation promises to not write uninitialised bytes to the bufs and passes it directly to recvmsg(2) system call. This promise ensures that this function can be called using bufs of type &mut [IoSliceMut].

Note that the io::Read::read_vectored implementation calls this function with bufs of type &mut [IoSliceMut], allowing initialised buffers to be used without using unsafe.

pub fn recv_vectored_with_flags(
    &self,
    bufs: &mut [MaybeUninitSlice<'_>],
    flags: c_int
) -> Result<(usize, RecvFlags)>

Identical to recv_vectored but allows for specification of arbitrary flags to the underlying recvmsg/WSARecv call.

Safety

recv_from_vectored makes the same safety guarantees regarding bufs as recv_vectored.

pub fn peek(&self, buf: &mut [MaybeUninit<u8>]) -> Result<usize>

Receives data on the socket from the remote adress to which it is connected, without removing that data from the queue. On success, returns the number of bytes peeked.

Successive calls return the same data. This is accomplished by passing MSG_PEEK as a flag to the underlying recv system call.

Safety

peek makes the same safety guarantees regarding the buffer as recv.

pub fn recv_from(
    &self,
    buf: &mut [MaybeUninit<u8>]
) -> Result<(usize, SockAddr)>

Receives data from the socket. On success, returns the number of bytes read and the address from whence the data came.

Safety

recv_from makes the same safety guarantees regarding the buffer as recv.

pub fn recv_from_with_flags(
    &self,
    buf: &mut [MaybeUninit<u8>],
    flags: c_int
) -> Result<(usize, SockAddr)>

Identical to recv_from but allows for specification of arbitrary flags to the underlying recvfrom call.

pub fn recv_from_vectored(
    &self,
    bufs: &mut [MaybeUninitSlice<'_>]
) -> Result<(usize, RecvFlags, SockAddr)>

Receives data from the socket. Returns the amount of bytes read, the RecvFlags and the remote address from the data is coming. Unlike recv_from this allows passing multiple buffers.

Safety

recv_from_vectored makes the same safety guarantees regarding bufs as recv_vectored.

pub fn recv_from_vectored_with_flags(
    &self,
    bufs: &mut [MaybeUninitSlice<'_>],
    flags: c_int
) -> Result<(usize, RecvFlags, SockAddr)>

Identical to recv_from_vectored but allows for specification of arbitrary flags to the underlying recvmsg/WSARecvFrom call.

Safety

recv_from_vectored makes the same safety guarantees regarding bufs as recv_vectored.

pub fn peek_from(
    &self,
    buf: &mut [MaybeUninit<u8>]
) -> Result<(usize, SockAddr)>

Receives data from the socket, without removing it from the queue.

Successive calls return the same data. This is accomplished by passing MSG_PEEK as a flag to the underlying recvfrom system call.

On success, returns the number of bytes peeked and the address from whence the data came.

Safety

peek_from makes the same safety guarantees regarding the buffer as recv.

pub fn send(&self, buf: &[u8]) -> Result<usize>

Sends data on the socket to a connected peer.

This is typically used on TCP sockets or datagram sockets which have been connected.

On success returns the number of bytes that were sent.

pub fn send_with_flags(&self, buf: &[u8], flags: c_int) -> Result<usize>

Identical to send but allows for specification of arbitrary flags to the underlying send call.

pub fn send_vectored(&self, bufs: &[IoSlice<'_>]) -> Result<usize>

Send data to the connected peer. Returns the amount of bytes written.

pub fn send_vectored_with_flags(
    &self,
    bufs: &[IoSlice<'_>],
    flags: c_int
) -> Result<usize>

Identical to send_vectored but allows for specification of arbitrary flags to the underlying sendmsg/WSASend call.

pub fn send_out_of_band(&self, buf: &[u8]) -> Result<usize>

Sends out-of-band (OOB) data on the socket to connected peer by setting the MSG_OOB flag for this call.

For more information, see send, out_of_band_inline.

pub fn send_to(&self, buf: &[u8], addr: &SockAddr) -> Result<usize>

Sends data on the socket to the given address. On success, returns the number of bytes written.

This is typically used on UDP or datagram-oriented sockets.

pub fn send_to_with_flags(
    &self,
    buf: &[u8],
    addr: &SockAddr,
    flags: c_int
) -> Result<usize>

Identical to send_to but allows for specification of arbitrary flags to the underlying sendto call.

pub fn send_to_vectored(
    &self,
    bufs: &[IoSlice<'_>],
    addr: &SockAddr
) -> Result<usize>

Send data to a peer listening on addr. Returns the amount of bytes written.

pub fn send_to_vectored_with_flags(
    &self,
    bufs: &[IoSlice<'_>],
    addr: &SockAddr,
    flags: c_int
) -> Result<usize>

Identical to send_to_vectored but allows for specification of arbitrary flags to the underlying sendmsg/WSASendTo call.

impl Socket

Socket options get/set using SOL_SOCKET.

Additional documentation can be found in documentation of the OS.

• Linux: https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man7/socket.7.html
• Windows: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/winsock/sol-socket-socket-options

pub fn broadcast(&self) -> Result<bool>

Get the value of the SO_BROADCAST option for this socket.

For more information about this option, see set_broadcast.

pub fn set_broadcast(&self, broadcast: bool) -> Result<()>

Set the value of the SO_BROADCAST option for this socket.

When enabled, this socket is allowed to send packets to a broadcast address.

pub fn take_error(&self) -> Result<Option<Error>>

Get the value of the SO_ERROR option on this socket.

This will retrieve the stored error in the underlying socket, clearing the field in the process. This can be useful for checking errors between calls.

pub fn keepalive(&self) -> Result<bool>

Get the value of the SO_KEEPALIVE option on this socket.

For more information about this option, see set_keepalive.

pub fn set_keepalive(&self, keepalive: bool) -> Result<()>

Set value for the SO_KEEPALIVE option on this socket.

Enable sending of keep-alive messages on connection-oriented sockets.

pub fn linger(&self) -> Result<Option<Duration>>

Get the value of the SO_LINGER option on this socket.

For more information about this option, see set_linger.

pub fn set_linger(&self, linger: Option<Duration>) -> Result<()>

Set value for the SO_LINGER option on this socket.

If linger is not None, a close(2) or shutdown(2) will not return until all queued messages for the socket have been successfully sent or the linger timeout has been reached. Otherwise, the call returns immediately and the closing is done in the background. When the socket is closed as part of exit(2), it always lingers in the background.

Notes

On most OSs the duration only has a precision of seconds and will be silently truncated.

On Apple platforms (e.g. macOS, iOS, etc) this uses SO_LINGER_SEC.

pub fn out_of_band_inline(&self) -> Result<bool>

Get value for the SO_OOBINLINE option on this socket.

For more information about this option, see set_out_of_band_inline.

pub fn set_out_of_band_inline(&self, oob_inline: bool) -> Result<()>

Set value for the SO_OOBINLINE option on this socket.

If this option is enabled, out-of-band data is directly placed into the receive data stream. Otherwise, out-of-band data is passed only when the MSG_OOB flag is set during receiving. As per RFC6093, TCP sockets using the Urgent mechanism are encouraged to set this flag.

pub fn recv_buffer_size(&self) -> Result<usize>

Get value for the SO_RCVBUF option on this socket.

For more information about this option, see set_recv_buffer_size.

pub fn set_recv_buffer_size(&self, size: usize) -> Result<()>

Set value for the SO_RCVBUF option on this socket.

Changes the size of the operating system’s receive buffer associated with the socket.

pub fn read_timeout(&self) -> Result<Option<Duration>>

Get value for the SO_RCVTIMEO option on this socket.

If the returned timeout is None, then read and recv calls will block indefinitely.

pub fn set_read_timeout(&self, duration: Option<Duration>) -> Result<()>

Set value for the SO_RCVTIMEO option on this socket.

If timeout is None, then read and recv calls will block indefinitely.

pub fn reuse_address(&self) -> Result<bool>

Get the value of the SO_REUSEADDR option on this socket.

For more information about this option, see set_reuse_address.

pub fn set_reuse_address(&self, reuse: bool) -> Result<()>

Set value for the SO_REUSEADDR option on this socket.

This indicates that futher calls to bind may allow reuse of local addresses. For IPv4 sockets this means that a socket may bind even when there’s a socket already listening on this port.

pub fn send_buffer_size(&self) -> Result<usize>

Get the value of the SO_SNDBUF option on this socket.

For more information about this option, see set_send_buffer_size.

pub fn set_send_buffer_size(&self, size: usize) -> Result<()>

Set value for the SO_SNDBUF option on this socket.

Changes the size of the operating system’s send buffer associated with the socket.

pub fn write_timeout(&self) -> Result<Option<Duration>>

Get value for the SO_SNDTIMEO option on this socket.

If the returned timeout is None, then write and send calls will block indefinitely.

pub fn set_write_timeout(&self, duration: Option<Duration>) -> Result<()>

Set value for the SO_SNDTIMEO option on this socket.

If timeout is None, then write and send calls will block indefinitely.

impl Socket

Socket options for IPv4 sockets, get/set using IPPROTO_IP.

Additional documentation can be found in documentation of the OS.

• Linux: https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man7/ip.7.html
• Windows: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/winsock/ipproto-ip-socket-options

pub fn join_multicast_v4(
    &self,
    multiaddr: &Ipv4Addr,
    interface: &Ipv4Addr
) -> Result<()>

Join a multicast group using IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP option on this socket.

This function specifies a new multicast group for this socket to join. The address must be a valid multicast address, and interface is the address of the local interface with which the system should join the multicast group. If it’s Ipv4Addr::UNSPECIFIED (INADDR_ANY) then an appropriate interface is chosen by the system.

pub fn leave_multicast_v4(
    &self,
    multiaddr: &Ipv4Addr,
    interface: &Ipv4Addr
) -> Result<()>

Leave a multicast group using IP_DROP_MEMBERSHIP option on this socket.

For more information about this option, see join_multicast_v4.

pub fn multicast_if_v4(&self) -> Result<Ipv4Addr>

Get the value of the IP_MULTICAST_IF option for this socket.

For more information about this option, see set_multicast_if_v4.

pub fn set_multicast_if_v4(&self, interface: &Ipv4Addr) -> Result<()>

Set the value of the IP_MULTICAST_IF option for this socket.

Specifies the interface to use for routing multicast packets.

pub fn multicast_loop_v4(&self) -> Result<bool>

Get the value of the IP_MULTICAST_LOOP option for this socket.

For more information about this option, see set_multicast_loop_v4.

pub fn set_multicast_loop_v4(&self, loop_v4: bool) -> Result<()>

Set the value of the IP_MULTICAST_LOOP option for this socket.

If enabled, multicast packets will be looped back to the local socket. Note that this may not have any affect on IPv6 sockets.

pub fn multicast_ttl_v4(&self) -> Result<u32>

Get the value of the IP_MULTICAST_TTL option for this socket.

For more information about this option, see set_multicast_ttl_v4.

pub fn set_multicast_ttl_v4(&self, ttl: u32) -> Result<()>

Set the value of the IP_MULTICAST_TTL option for this socket.

Indicates the time-to-live value of outgoing multicast packets for this socket. The default value is 1 which means that multicast packets don’t leave the local network unless explicitly requested.

Note that this may not have any affect on IPv6 sockets.

pub fn ttl(&self) -> Result<u32>

Get the value of the IP_TTL option for this socket.

For more information about this option, see set_ttl.

pub fn set_ttl(&self, ttl: u32) -> Result<()>

Set the value of the IP_TTL option for this socket.

This value sets the time-to-live field that is used in every packet sent from this socket.

impl Socket

Socket options for IPv6 sockets, get/set using IPPROTO_IPV6.

Additional documentation can be found in documentation of the OS.

• Linux: https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man7/ipv6.7.html
• Windows: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/winsock/ipproto-ipv6-socket-options

pub fn join_multicast_v6(
    &self,
    multiaddr: &Ipv6Addr,
    interface: u32
) -> Result<()>

Join a multicast group using IPV6_ADD_MEMBERSHIP option on this socket.

Some OSs use IPV6_JOIN_GROUP for this option.

This function specifies a new multicast group for this socket to join. The address must be a valid multicast address, and interface is the index of the interface to join/leave (or 0 to indicate any interface).

pub fn leave_multicast_v6(
    &self,
    multiaddr: &Ipv6Addr,
    interface: u32
) -> Result<()>

Leave a multicast group using IPV6_DROP_MEMBERSHIP option on this socket.

Some OSs use IPV6_LEAVE_GROUP for this option.

For more information about this option, see join_multicast_v6.

pub fn multicast_hops_v6(&self) -> Result<u32>

Get the value of the IPV6_MULTICAST_HOPS option for this socket

For more information about this option, see set_multicast_hops_v6.

pub fn set_multicast_hops_v6(&self, hops: u32) -> Result<()>

Set the value of the IPV6_MULTICAST_HOPS option for this socket

Indicates the number of “routers” multicast packets will transit for this socket. The default value is 1 which means that multicast packets don’t leave the local network unless explicitly requested.

pub fn multicast_if_v6(&self) -> Result<u32>

Get the value of the IPV6_MULTICAST_IF option for this socket.

For more information about this option, see set_multicast_if_v6.

pub fn set_multicast_if_v6(&self, interface: u32) -> Result<()>

Set the value of the IPV6_MULTICAST_IF option for this socket.

Specifies the interface to use for routing multicast packets. Unlike ipv4, this is generally required in ipv6 contexts where network routing prefixes may overlap.

pub fn multicast_loop_v6(&self) -> Result<bool>

Get the value of the IPV6_MULTICAST_LOOP option for this socket.

For more information about this option, see set_multicast_loop_v6.

pub fn set_multicast_loop_v6(&self, loop_v6: bool) -> Result<()>

Set the value of the IPV6_MULTICAST_LOOP option for this socket.

Controls whether this socket sees the multicast packets it sends itself. Note that this may not have any affect on IPv4 sockets.

pub fn unicast_hops_v6(&self) -> Result<u32>

Get the value of the IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS option for this socket.

Specifies the hop limit for ipv6 unicast packets

pub fn set_unicast_hops_v6(&self, hops: u32) -> Result<()>

Set the value for the IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS option on this socket.

Specifies the hop limit for ipv6 unicast packets

pub fn only_v6(&self) -> Result<bool>

Get the value of the IPV6_V6ONLY option for this socket.

For more information about this option, see set_only_v6.

pub fn set_only_v6(&self, only_v6: bool) -> Result<()>

Set the value for the IPV6_V6ONLY option on this socket.

If this is set to true then the socket is restricted to sending and receiving IPv6 packets only. In this case two IPv4 and IPv6 applications can bind the same port at the same time.

If this is set to false then the socket can be used to send and receive packets from an IPv4-mapped IPv6 address.

impl Socket

Socket options for TCP sockets, get/set using IPPROTO_TCP.

Additional documentation can be found in documentation of the OS.

• Linux: https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man7/tcp.7.html
• Windows: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/winsock/ipproto-tcp-socket-options

pub fn keepalive_time(&self) -> Result<Duration>

Get the value of the TCP_KEEPIDLE option on this socket.

This returns the value of SO_KEEPALIVE on OpenBSD and Haiku, TCP_KEEPALIVE on macOS and iOS, and TCP_KEEPIDLE on all other Unix operating systems.

pub fn keepalive_interval(&self) -> Result<Duration>

Get the value of the TCP_KEEPINTVL option on this socket.

For more information about this option, see set_tcp_keepalive.

pub fn keepalive_retries(&self) -> Result<u32>

Get the value of the TCP_KEEPCNT option on this socket.

For more information about this option, see set_tcp_keepalive.

pub fn set_tcp_keepalive(&self, params: &TcpKeepalive) -> Result<()>

Set parameters configuring TCP keepalive probes for this socket.

The supported parameters depend on the operating system, and are configured using the TcpKeepalive struct. At a minimum, all systems support configuring the keepalive time: the time after which the OS will start sending keepalive messages on an idle connection.

Notes

• This will enable SO_KEEPALIVE on this socket, if it is not already enabled.
• On some platforms, such as Windows, any keepalive parameters not configured by the TcpKeepalive struct passed to this function may be overwritten with their default values. Therefore, this function should either only be called once per socket, or the same parameters should be passed every time it is called.

Examples

use std::time::Duration;

use socket2::{Socket, TcpKeepalive, Domain, Type};

let socket = Socket::new(Domain::IPV4, Type::STREAM, None)?;
let keepalive = TcpKeepalive::new()
    .with_time(Duration::from_secs(4));
    // Depending on the target operating system, we may also be able to
    // configure the keepalive probe interval and/or the number of
    // retries here as well.

socket.set_tcp_keepalive(&keepalive)?;

pub fn nodelay(&self) -> Result<bool>

Get the value of the TCP_NODELAY option on this socket.

For more information about this option, see set_nodelay.

pub fn set_nodelay(&self, nodelay: bool) -> Result<()>

Set the value of the TCP_NODELAY option on this socket.

If set, this option disables the Nagle algorithm. This means that segments are always sent as soon as possible, even if there is only a small amount of data. When not set, data is buffered until there is a sufficient amount to send out, thereby avoiding the frequent sending of small packets.

impl Socket

Unix only API.

pub fn accept4(&self, flags: c_int) -> Result<(Socket, SockAddr)>

Accept a new incoming connection from this listener.

This function directly corresponds to the accept4(2) function.

This function will block the calling thread until a new connection is established. When established, the corresponding Socket and the remote peer’s address will be returned.

pub fn set_cloexec(&self, close_on_exec: bool) -> Result<()>

Sets CLOEXEC on the socket.

Notes

On supported platforms you can use Type::cloexec.

pub fn mss(&self) -> Result<u32>

Gets the value of the TCP_MAXSEG option on this socket.

For more information about this option, see set_mss.

pub fn set_mss(&self, mss: u32) -> Result<()>

Sets the value of the TCP_MAXSEG option on this socket.

The TCP_MAXSEG option denotes the TCP Maximum Segment Size and is only available on TCP sockets.

pub fn is_listener(&self) -> Result<bool>

Returns true if listen(2) was called on this socket by checking the SO_ACCEPTCONN option on this socket.

pub fn domain(&self) -> Result<Domain>

Returns the Domain of this socket by checking the SO_DOMAIN option on this socket.

pub fn protocol(&self) -> Result<Option<Protocol>>

Returns the Protocol of this socket by checking the SO_PROTOCOL option on this socket.

pub fn type(&self) -> Result<Type>

Returns the Type of this socket by checking the SO_TYPE option on this socket.

pub fn mark(&self) -> Result<u32>

Gets the value for the SO_MARK option on this socket.

This value gets the socket mark field for each packet sent through this socket.

This function is only available on Fuchsia and Linux. On Linux it requires the CAP_NET_ADMIN capability.

pub fn set_mark(&self, mark: u32) -> Result<()>

Sets the value for the SO_MARK option on this socket.

This value sets the socket mark field for each packet sent through this socket. Changing the mark can be used for mark-based routing without netfilter or for packet filtering.

This function is only available on Fuchsia and Linux. On Linux it requires the CAP_NET_ADMIN capability.

pub fn device(&self) -> Result<Option<Vec<u8>>>

Gets the value for the SO_BINDTODEVICE option on this socket.

This value gets the socket binded device’s interface name.

This function is only available on Fuchsia and Linux.

pub fn bind_device(&self, interface: Option<&[u8]>) -> Result<()>

Sets the value for the SO_BINDTODEVICE option on this socket.

If a socket is bound to an interface, only packets received from that particular interface are processed by the socket. Note that this only works for some socket types, particularly AF_INET sockets.

If interface is None or an empty string it removes the binding.

This function is only available on Fuchsia and Linux.

pub fn cpu_affinity(&self) -> Result<usize>

Get the value of the SO_INCOMING_CPU option on this socket.

For more information about this option, see set_cpu_affinity.

This function is only available on Linux.

pub fn set_cpu_affinity(&self, cpu: usize) -> Result<()>

Set value for the SO_INCOMING_CPU option on this socket.

Sets the CPU affinity of the socket.

This function is only available on Linux.

pub fn reuse_port(&self) -> Result<bool>

Get the value of the SO_REUSEPORT option on this socket.

For more information about this option, see set_reuse_port.

This function is only available on Unix.

pub fn set_reuse_port(&self, reuse: bool) -> Result<()>

Set value for the SO_REUSEPORT option on this socket.

This indicates that further calls to bind may allow reuse of local addresses. For IPv4 sockets this means that a socket may bind even when there’s a socket already listening on this port.

This function is only available on Unix.

pub fn freebind(&self) -> Result<bool>

Get the value of the IP_FREEBIND option on this socket.

For more information about this option, see set_freebind.

This function is only available on Fuchsia and Linux.

pub fn set_freebind(&self, reuse: bool) -> Result<()>

Set value for the IP_FREEBIND option on this socket.

If enabled, this boolean option allows binding to an IP address that is nonlocal or does not (yet) exist. This permits listening on a socket, without requiring the underlying network interface or the specified dynamic IP address to be up at the time that the application is trying to bind to it.

This function is only available on Fuchsia and Linux.

pub fn sendfile<F>(
    &self,
    file: &F,
    offset: usize,
    length: Option<NonZeroUsize>
) -> Result<usize> where
    F: AsRawFd, 

Copies data between a file and this socket using the sendfile(2) system call. Because this copying is done within the kernel, sendfile() is more efficient than the combination of read(2) and write(2), which would require transferring data to and from user space.

Different OSs support different kinds of files, see the OS documentation for what kind of files are supported. Generally regular files are supported by all OSs.

The offset is the absolute offset into the file to use as starting point.

Depending on the OS this function may change the offset of file. For the best results reset the offset of the file before using it again.

The length determines how many bytes to send, where a length of None means it will try to send all bytes.

Trait Implementations

impl AsRawFd for Socket

fn as_raw_fd(&self) -> c_int

Extracts the raw file descriptor.

impl Debug for Socket

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl Drop for Socket

fn drop(&mut self)

Executes the destructor for this type.

impl From<TcpListener> for Socket

fn from(socket: TcpListener) -> Socket

Performs the conversion.

impl From<TcpStream> for Socket

fn from(socket: TcpStream) -> Socket

Performs the conversion.

impl From<UdpSocket> for Socket

fn from(socket: UdpSocket) -> Socket

Performs the conversion.

impl From<UnixDatagram> for Socket

fn from(socket: UnixDatagram) -> Socket

Performs the conversion.

impl From<UnixListener> for Socket

fn from(socket: UnixListener) -> Socket

Performs the conversion.

impl From<UnixStream> for Socket

fn from(socket: UnixStream) -> Socket

Performs the conversion.

impl FromRawFd for Socket

unsafe fn from_raw_fd(fd: c_int) -> Socket

Constructs a new instance of Self from the given raw file descriptor.

impl IntoRawFd for Socket

fn into_raw_fd(self) -> c_int

Consumes this object, returning the raw underlying file descriptor.

impl Read for Socket

fn read(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize>

Pull some bytes from this source into the specified buffer, returning how many bytes were read.

fn read_vectored(&mut self, bufs: &mut [IoSliceMut<'_>]) -> Result<usize>

Like read, except that it reads into a slice of buffers.

pub fn is_read_vectored(&self) -> bool

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (can_vector)

Determines if this Reader has an efficient read_vectored implementation.

pub unsafe fn initializer(&self) -> Initializer

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (read_initializer)

Determines if this Reader can work with buffers of uninitialized memory.

pub fn read_to_end(&mut self, buf: &mut Vec<u8, Global>) -> Result<usize, Error>

Read all bytes until EOF in this source, placing them into buf.

pub fn read_to_string(&mut self, buf: &mut String) -> Result<usize, Error>

Read all bytes until EOF in this source, appending them to buf.

pub fn read_exact(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result<(), Error>

Read the exact number of bytes required to fill buf.

pub fn by_ref(&mut self) -> &mut Self

Creates a “by reference” adaptor for this instance of Read.

pub fn bytes(self) -> Bytes<Self>

Transforms this Read instance to an Iterator over its bytes.

pub fn chain<R>(self, next: R) -> Chain<Self, R> where
    R: Read, 

Creates an adaptor which will chain this stream with another.

pub fn take(self, limit: u64) -> Take<Self>

Creates an adaptor which will read at most limit bytes from it.

impl<'a> Read for &'a Socket

fn read(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize>

Pull some bytes from this source into the specified buffer, returning how many bytes were read.

fn read_vectored(&mut self, bufs: &mut [IoSliceMut<'_>]) -> Result<usize>

Like read, except that it reads into a slice of buffers.

pub fn is_read_vectored(&self) -> bool

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (can_vector)

Determines if this Reader has an efficient read_vectored implementation.

pub unsafe fn initializer(&self) -> Initializer

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (read_initializer)

Determines if this Reader can work with buffers of uninitialized memory.

pub fn read_to_end(&mut self, buf: &mut Vec<u8, Global>) -> Result<usize, Error>

Read all bytes until EOF in this source, placing them into buf.

pub fn read_to_string(&mut self, buf: &mut String) -> Result<usize, Error>

Read all bytes until EOF in this source, appending them to buf.

pub fn read_exact(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result<(), Error>

Read the exact number of bytes required to fill buf.

pub fn by_ref(&mut self) -> &mut Self

Creates a “by reference” adaptor for this instance of Read.

pub fn bytes(self) -> Bytes<Self>

Transforms this Read instance to an Iterator over its bytes.

pub fn chain<R>(self, next: R) -> Chain<Self, R> where
    R: Read, 

Creates an adaptor which will chain this stream with another.

pub fn take(self, limit: u64) -> Take<Self>

Creates an adaptor which will read at most limit bytes from it.

impl Write for Socket

fn write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> Result<usize>

Write a buffer into this writer, returning how many bytes were written.

fn write_vectored(&mut self, bufs: &[IoSlice<'_>]) -> Result<usize>

Like write, except that it writes from a slice of buffers.

fn flush(&mut self) -> Result<()>

Flush this output stream, ensuring that all intermediately buffered contents reach their destination.

pub fn is_write_vectored(&self) -> bool

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (can_vector)

Determines if this Writer has an efficient write_vectored implementation.

pub fn write_all(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> Result<(), Error>

Attempts to write an entire buffer into this writer.

pub fn write_all_vectored(
    &mut self,
    bufs: &mut [IoSlice<'_>]
) -> Result<(), Error>

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (write_all_vectored)

Attempts to write multiple buffers into this writer.

pub fn write_fmt(&mut self, fmt: Arguments<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Writes a formatted string into this writer, returning any error encountered.

pub fn by_ref(&mut self) -> &mut Self

Creates a “by reference” adaptor for this instance of Write.

impl<'a> Write for &'a Socket

fn write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> Result<usize>

Write a buffer into this writer, returning how many bytes were written.

fn write_vectored(&mut self, bufs: &[IoSlice<'_>]) -> Result<usize>

Like write, except that it writes from a slice of buffers.

fn flush(&mut self) -> Result<()>

Flush this output stream, ensuring that all intermediately buffered contents reach their destination.

pub fn is_write_vectored(&self) -> bool

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (can_vector)

Determines if this Writer has an efficient write_vectored implementation.

pub fn write_all(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> Result<(), Error>

Attempts to write an entire buffer into this writer.

pub fn write_all_vectored(
    &mut self,
    bufs: &mut [IoSlice<'_>]
) -> Result<(), Error>

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (write_all_vectored)

Attempts to write multiple buffers into this writer.

pub fn write_fmt(&mut self, fmt: Arguments<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Writes a formatted string into this writer, returning any error encountered.

pub fn by_ref(&mut self) -> &mut Self

Creates a “by reference” adaptor for this instance of Write.