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//! This crate provides a custom derive (`#[derive(StructOfArray)]`) to //! automatically generate code from a given struct `T` that allow to replace //! `Vec<T>` with a struct of arrays. For example, the following code //! //! ``` //! # #[macro_use] extern crate soa_derive; //! # fn main() { //! #[derive(StructOfArray)] //! pub struct Cheese { //! pub smell: f64, //! pub color: (f64, f64, f64), //! pub with_mushrooms: bool, //! pub name: String, //! } //! # } //! ``` //! //! will generate a `CheeseVec` struct that looks like this: //! //! ``` //! pub struct CheeseVec { //! pub smell: Vec<f64>, //! pub color: Vec<(f64, f64, f64)>, //! pub with_mushrooms: Vec<bool>, //! pub name: Vec<String>, //! } //! ``` //! //! It will also generate the same functions that a `Vec<Chees>` would have, and //! a few helper structs: `CheeseSlice`, `CheeseSliceMut`, `CheeseRef` and //! `CheeseRefMut` corresponding respectivly to `&[Cheese]`, `&mut [Cheese]`, //! `&Cheese` and `&mut Cheese`. //! //! # How to use it //! //! Add `#[derive(StructOfArray)]` to each struct you want to derive a struct of //! array version. If you need the helper structs to derive additional traits //! (such as `Debug` or `PartialEq`), you can add an attribute `#[soa_derive = //! "Debug, PartialEq"]` to the struct declaration. //! //! ``` //! # #[macro_use] extern crate soa_derive; //! # fn main() { //! #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, StructOfArray)] //! #[soa_derive = "Debug, PartialEq"] //! pub struct Cheese { //! pub smell: f64, //! pub color: (f64, f64, f64), //! pub with_mushrooms: bool, //! pub name: String, //! } //! # } //! ``` //! //! # Usage and API //! //! All the generated code have some generated documentation with it, so you //! should be able to use `cargo doc` on your crate and see the documentation //! for all the generated structs and functions. //! //! Most of the time, you should be able to replace `Vec<Cheese>` by //! `CheeseVec`, with exception of code using direct indexing in the vector and //! a few other caveats listed below. //! //! ## Caveats and limitations //! //! `Vec<T>` functionalities rely a lot on references and automatic *deref* //! feature, for getting function from `[T]` and indexing. But the SoA vector //! (let's call it `CheeseVec`, generated from the `Cheese` struct) generated by //! this crate can not implement `Deref<Target=CheeseSlice>`, because `Deref` is //! required to return a reference, and `CheeseSlice` is not a reference. The //! same applies to `Index` and `IndexMut` trait, that can not return //! `CheeseRef/CheeseRefMut`. //! //! This means that the we can not index into a `CheeseVec`, and that a few //! functions are duplicated, or require a call to `as_ref()/as_mut()` to change //! the type used. //! //! # Iteration //! //! It is possible to iterate over the values in a `CheeseVec` //! //! ```no_run //! # #[macro_use] extern crate soa_derive; //! # fn main() { //! # #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, StructOfArray)] //! # pub struct Cheese { //! # pub smell: f64, //! # pub color: (f64, f64, f64), //! # pub with_mushrooms: bool, //! # pub name: String, //! # } //! # impl Cheese { fn new(name: &str) -> Cheese { unimplemented!() } } //! let mut vec = CheeseVec::new(); //! vec.push(Cheese::new("stilton")); //! vec.push(Cheese::new("brie")); //! //! for cheese in vec.iter() { //! // when iterating over a CheeseVec, we load all members from memory //! // in a CheeseRef //! let typeof_cheese: CheeseRef = cheese; //! println!("this is {}, with a smell power of {}", cheese.name, cheese.smell); //! } //! # } //! ``` //! //! One of the main advantage of the SoA layout is to be able to only load some //! fields from memory when iterating over the vector. In order to do so, one //! can manually pick the needed fields: //! //! ```no_run //! # #[macro_use] extern crate soa_derive; //! # fn main() { //! # #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, StructOfArray)] //! # pub struct Cheese { //! # pub smell: f64, //! # pub color: (f64, f64, f64), //! # pub with_mushrooms: bool, //! # pub name: String, //! # } //! # impl Cheese { fn new(name: &str) -> Cheese { unimplemented!() } } //! # let mut vec = CheeseVec::new(); //! # vec.push(Cheese::new("stilton")); //! # vec.push(Cheese::new("brie")); //! for name in &vec.name { //! // We get referenes to the names //! let typeof_name: &String = name; //! println!("got cheese {}", name); //! } //! # } //! ``` //! //! In order to iterate over multiple fields at the same time, one can use the //! [soa_zip!](macro.soa_zip.html) macro. //! //! ```no_run //! # #[macro_use] extern crate soa_derive; //! # fn main() { //! # #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, StructOfArray)] //! # pub struct Cheese { //! # pub smell: f64, //! # pub color: (f64, f64, f64), //! # pub with_mushrooms: bool, //! # pub name: String, //! # } //! # impl Cheese { fn new(name: &str) -> Cheese { unimplemented!() } } //! # let mut vec = CheeseVec::new(); //! # vec.push(Cheese::new("stilton")); //! # vec.push(Cheese::new("brie")); //! for (name, smell, color) in soa_zip!(&mut vec, [name, mut smell, color]) { //! println!("this is {}, with color {:#?}", name, color); //! // smell is a mutable reference //! *smell += 1.0; //! } //! # } //! ``` // The proc macro is implemented in soa_derive_internal, and re-exported by this // crate. This is because a single crate can not define both a proc macro and a // macro_rules macro. #[allow(unused_imports)] #[macro_use] extern crate soa_derive_internal; #[doc(hidden)] pub use soa_derive_internal::*; /// Create an iterator over multiple fields in a Struct of array style vector. /// /// This macro takes two main arguments: the array/slice container, and a list /// of fields to use, inside square brackets. The iterator will give references /// to the fields, which can be mutable references if the field name is prefixed /// with `mut`. /// /// ``` /// # #[macro_use] extern crate soa_derive; /// # fn main() { /// #[derive(StructOfArray)] /// struct Cheese { /// size: f64, /// mass: f64, /// smell: f64, /// name: String, /// } /// /// let mut vec = CheeseVec::new(); /// // fill the vector /// /// // Iterate over immutable references /// for (mass, size, name) in soa_zip!(&vec, [mass, size, name]) { /// println!("got {} kg and {} cm of {}", mass, size, name); /// } /// /// // Iterate over mutable references /// for (mass, name) in soa_zip!(&mut vec, [mut mass, name]) { /// println!("got {} kg of {}, eating 1 kg", mass, name); /// *mass -= 1.0; /// } /// # } /// ``` /// /// The iterator can also work with external iterators. In this case, the /// iterator will yields elements until any of the fields or one external /// iterator returns None. /// /// ``` /// # #[macro_use] extern crate soa_derive; /// # fn main() { /// # #[derive(StructOfArray)] /// # struct Cheese { /// # size: f64, /// # mass: f64, /// # smell: f64, /// # name: String, /// # } /// # #[derive(Debug)] struct Cellar; /// let mut vec = CheeseVec::new(); /// let mut cellars = Vec::<Cellar>::new(); /// /// for (name, mass, cellar) in soa_zip!(&vec, [name, mass], &cellars) { /// println!("we have {} kg of {} in {:#?}", mass, name, cellar); /// } /// # } /// ``` #[macro_export] macro_rules! soa_zip { ($self: expr, [$($fields: tt)*] $(, $external: expr)* $(,)*) => {{ let this = $self; soa_zip_impl!(@munch this, {$($fields)*} -> [] $($external ,)*) }}; } #[macro_export] #[doc(hidden)] macro_rules! soa_zip_impl { // @flatten creates a tuple-flattening closure for .map() call // Finish recursion (@flatten $p:pat => $tup:expr ) => { |$p| $tup }; // Eat an element ($_iter) and add it to the current closure. Then recurse (@flatten $p:pat => ( $($tup:tt)* ) , $_iter:expr $( , $tail:expr )* ) => { soa_zip_impl!(@flatten ($p, a) => ( $($tup)*, a ) $( , $tail )*) }; // The main code is emmited here: we create an iterator, zip it and then // map the zipped iterator to flatten it (@final , $first: expr, $($tail: expr,)*) => { ::std::iter::IntoIterator::into_iter($first) $( .zip($tail) )* .map( soa_zip_impl!(@flatten a => (a) $( , $tail )*) ) }; // Eat the last `mut $field` and then emit code (@munch $self: expr, {mut $field: ident} -> [$($output: tt)*] $($ext: expr ,)*) => { soa_zip_impl!(@final $($output)*, $self.$field.iter_mut(), $($ext, )*) }; // Eat the last `$field` and then emit code (@munch $self: expr, {$field: ident} -> [$($output: tt)*] $($ext: expr ,)*) => { soa_zip_impl!(@final $($output)*, $self.$field.iter(), $($ext, )*) }; // Eat the next `mut $field` and then recurse (@munch $self: expr, {mut $field: ident, $($tail: tt)*} -> [$($output: tt)*] $($ext: expr ,)*) => { soa_zip_impl!(@munch $self, {$($tail)*} -> [$($output)*, $self.$field.iter_mut()] $($ext, )*) }; // Eat the next `$field` and then recurse (@munch $self: expr, {$field: ident, $($tail: tt)*} -> [$($output: tt)*] $($ext: expr ,)*) => { soa_zip_impl!(@munch $self, {$($tail)*} -> [$($output)*, $self.$field.iter()] $($ext, )*) }; }