1
   2
   3
   4
   5
   6
   7
   8
   9
  10
  11
  12
  13
  14
  15
  16
  17
  18
  19
  20
  21
  22
  23
  24
  25
  26
  27
  28
  29
  30
  31
  32
  33
  34
  35
  36
  37
  38
  39
  40
  41
  42
  43
  44
  45
  46
  47
  48
  49
  50
  51
  52
  53
  54
  55
  56
  57
  58
  59
  60
  61
  62
  63
  64
  65
  66
  67
  68
  69
  70
  71
  72
  73
  74
  75
  76
  77
  78
  79
  80
  81
  82
  83
  84
  85
  86
  87
  88
  89
  90
  91
  92
  93
  94
  95
  96
  97
  98
  99
 100
 101
 102
 103
 104
 105
 106
 107
 108
 109
 110
 111
 112
 113
 114
 115
 116
 117
 118
 119
 120
 121
 122
 123
 124
 125
 126
 127
 128
 129
 130
 131
 132
 133
 134
 135
 136
 137
 138
 139
 140
 141
 142
 143
 144
 145
 146
 147
 148
 149
 150
 151
 152
 153
 154
 155
 156
 157
 158
 159
 160
 161
 162
 163
 164
 165
 166
 167
 168
 169
 170
 171
 172
 173
 174
 175
 176
 177
 178
 179
 180
 181
 182
 183
 184
 185
 186
 187
 188
 189
 190
 191
 192
 193
 194
 195
 196
 197
 198
 199
 200
 201
 202
 203
 204
 205
 206
 207
 208
 209
 210
 211
 212
 213
 214
 215
 216
 217
 218
 219
 220
 221
 222
 223
 224
 225
 226
 227
 228
 229
 230
 231
 232
 233
 234
 235
 236
 237
 238
 239
 240
 241
 242
 243
 244
 245
 246
 247
 248
 249
 250
 251
 252
 253
 254
 255
 256
 257
 258
 259
 260
 261
 262
 263
 264
 265
 266
 267
 268
 269
 270
 271
 272
 273
 274
 275
 276
 277
 278
 279
 280
 281
 282
 283
 284
 285
 286
 287
 288
 289
 290
 291
 292
 293
 294
 295
 296
 297
 298
 299
 300
 301
 302
 303
 304
 305
 306
 307
 308
 309
 310
 311
 312
 313
 314
 315
 316
 317
 318
 319
 320
 321
 322
 323
 324
 325
 326
 327
 328
 329
 330
 331
 332
 333
 334
 335
 336
 337
 338
 339
 340
 341
 342
 343
 344
 345
 346
 347
 348
 349
 350
 351
 352
 353
 354
 355
 356
 357
 358
 359
 360
 361
 362
 363
 364
 365
 366
 367
 368
 369
 370
 371
 372
 373
 374
 375
 376
 377
 378
 379
 380
 381
 382
 383
 384
 385
 386
 387
 388
 389
 390
 391
 392
 393
 394
 395
 396
 397
 398
 399
 400
 401
 402
 403
 404
 405
 406
 407
 408
 409
 410
 411
 412
 413
 414
 415
 416
 417
 418
 419
 420
 421
 422
 423
 424
 425
 426
 427
 428
 429
 430
 431
 432
 433
 434
 435
 436
 437
 438
 439
 440
 441
 442
 443
 444
 445
 446
 447
 448
 449
 450
 451
 452
 453
 454
 455
 456
 457
 458
 459
 460
 461
 462
 463
 464
 465
 466
 467
 468
 469
 470
 471
 472
 473
 474
 475
 476
 477
 478
 479
 480
 481
 482
 483
 484
 485
 486
 487
 488
 489
 490
 491
 492
 493
 494
 495
 496
 497
 498
 499
 500
 501
 502
 503
 504
 505
 506
 507
 508
 509
 510
 511
 512
 513
 514
 515
 516
 517
 518
 519
 520
 521
 522
 523
 524
 525
 526
 527
 528
 529
 530
 531
 532
 533
 534
 535
 536
 537
 538
 539
 540
 541
 542
 543
 544
 545
 546
 547
 548
 549
 550
 551
 552
 553
 554
 555
 556
 557
 558
 559
 560
 561
 562
 563
 564
 565
 566
 567
 568
 569
 570
 571
 572
 573
 574
 575
 576
 577
 578
 579
 580
 581
 582
 583
 584
 585
 586
 587
 588
 589
 590
 591
 592
 593
 594
 595
 596
 597
 598
 599
 600
 601
 602
 603
 604
 605
 606
 607
 608
 609
 610
 611
 612
 613
 614
 615
 616
 617
 618
 619
 620
 621
 622
 623
 624
 625
 626
 627
 628
 629
 630
 631
 632
 633
 634
 635
 636
 637
 638
 639
 640
 641
 642
 643
 644
 645
 646
 647
 648
 649
 650
 651
 652
 653
 654
 655
 656
 657
 658
 659
 660
 661
 662
 663
 664
 665
 666
 667
 668
 669
 670
 671
 672
 673
 674
 675
 676
 677
 678
 679
 680
 681
 682
 683
 684
 685
 686
 687
 688
 689
 690
 691
 692
 693
 694
 695
 696
 697
 698
 699
 700
 701
 702
 703
 704
 705
 706
 707
 708
 709
 710
 711
 712
 713
 714
 715
 716
 717
 718
 719
 720
 721
 722
 723
 724
 725
 726
 727
 728
 729
 730
 731
 732
 733
 734
 735
 736
 737
 738
 739
 740
 741
 742
 743
 744
 745
 746
 747
 748
 749
 750
 751
 752
 753
 754
 755
 756
 757
 758
 759
 760
 761
 762
 763
 764
 765
 766
 767
 768
 769
 770
 771
 772
 773
 774
 775
 776
 777
 778
 779
 780
 781
 782
 783
 784
 785
 786
 787
 788
 789
 790
 791
 792
 793
 794
 795
 796
 797
 798
 799
 800
 801
 802
 803
 804
 805
 806
 807
 808
 809
 810
 811
 812
 813
 814
 815
 816
 817
 818
 819
 820
 821
 822
 823
 824
 825
 826
 827
 828
 829
 830
 831
 832
 833
 834
 835
 836
 837
 838
 839
 840
 841
 842
 843
 844
 845
 846
 847
 848
 849
 850
 851
 852
 853
 854
 855
 856
 857
 858
 859
 860
 861
 862
 863
 864
 865
 866
 867
 868
 869
 870
 871
 872
 873
 874
 875
 876
 877
 878
 879
 880
 881
 882
 883
 884
 885
 886
 887
 888
 889
 890
 891
 892
 893
 894
 895
 896
 897
 898
 899
 900
 901
 902
 903
 904
 905
 906
 907
 908
 909
 910
 911
 912
 913
 914
 915
 916
 917
 918
 919
 920
 921
 922
 923
 924
 925
 926
 927
 928
 929
 930
 931
 932
 933
 934
 935
 936
 937
 938
 939
 940
 941
 942
 943
 944
 945
 946
 947
 948
 949
 950
 951
 952
 953
 954
 955
 956
 957
 958
 959
 960
 961
 962
 963
 964
 965
 966
 967
 968
 969
 970
 971
 972
 973
 974
 975
 976
 977
 978
 979
 980
 981
 982
 983
 984
 985
 986
 987
 988
 989
 990
 991
 992
 993
 994
 995
 996
 997
 998
 999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354
1355
1356
1357
1358
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
1386
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1404
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1431
1432
1433
1434
1435
1436
1437
1438
1439
1440
1441
1442
1443
1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
1449
1450
1451
1452
1453
1454
1455
1456
1457
1458
1459
1460
1461
1462
1463
1464
1465
1466
1467
1468
1469
1470
1471
1472
1473
1474
1475
1476
1477
1478
1479
1480
1481
1482
1483
1484
1485
1486
1487
1488
1489
1490
1491
1492
1493
1494
1495
1496
1497
1498
1499
1500
1501
1502
1503
1504
1505
1506
1507
1508
1509
1510
1511
1512
1513
1514
1515
1516
1517
1518
1519
1520
1521
1522
1523
1524
1525
1526
1527
1528
1529
1530
1531
1532
1533
1534
1535
1536
1537
1538
1539
1540
1541
1542
1543
1544
1545
1546
1547
1548
1549
1550
1551
1552
1553
1554
1555
1556
1557
1558
1559
1560
// Copyright 2017 Serde Developers
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
// <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
// except according to those terms.

//! Deserialize JSON data to a Rust data structure.

use std::{i32, u64};
use std::io;
use std::marker::PhantomData;

use serde::de::{self, Unexpected};

use super::error::{Error, ErrorCode, Result};

use read::{self, Reference};

pub use read::{Read, IoRead, SliceRead, StrRead};

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

/// A structure that deserializes JSON into Rust values.
pub struct Deserializer<R> {
    read: R,
    str_buf: Vec<u8>,
    remaining_depth: u8,
}

impl<'de, R> Deserializer<R>
where
    R: read::Read<'de>,
{
    /// Create a JSON deserializer from one of the possible serde_json input
    /// sources.
    ///
    /// Typically it is more convenient to use one of these methods instead:
    ///
    ///   - Deserializer::from_str
    ///   - Deserializer::from_bytes
    ///   - Deserializer::from_reader
    pub fn new(read: R) -> Self {
        Deserializer {
            read: read,
            str_buf: Vec::with_capacity(128),
            remaining_depth: 128,
        }
    }
}

impl<R> Deserializer<read::IoRead<R>>
where
    R: io::Read,
{
    /// Creates a JSON deserializer from an `io::Read`.
    pub fn from_reader(reader: R) -> Self {
        Deserializer::new(read::IoRead::new(reader))
    }
}

impl<'a> Deserializer<read::SliceRead<'a>> {
    /// Creates a JSON deserializer from a `&[u8]`.
    pub fn from_slice(bytes: &'a [u8]) -> Self {
        Deserializer::new(read::SliceRead::new(bytes))
    }
}

impl<'a> Deserializer<read::StrRead<'a>> {
    /// Creates a JSON deserializer from a `&str`.
    pub fn from_str(s: &'a str) -> Self {
        Deserializer::new(read::StrRead::new(s))
    }
}

macro_rules! overflow {
    ($a:ident * 10 + $b:ident, $c:expr) => {
        $a >= $c / 10 && ($a > $c / 10 || $b > $c % 10)
    }
}

enum Number {
    F64(f64),
    U64(u64),
    I64(i64),
}

impl Number {
    fn visit<'de, V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value>
    where
        V: de::Visitor<'de>,
    {
        match self {
            Number::F64(x) => visitor.visit_f64(x),
            Number::U64(x) => visitor.visit_u64(x),
            Number::I64(x) => visitor.visit_i64(x),
        }
    }
}

impl<'de, R: Read<'de>> Deserializer<R> {
    /// The `Deserializer::end` method should be called after a value has been fully deserialized.
    /// This allows the `Deserializer` to validate that the input stream is at the end or that it
    /// only has trailing whitespace.
    pub fn end(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
        match try!(self.parse_whitespace()) {
            Some(_) => Err(self.peek_error(ErrorCode::TrailingCharacters)),
            None => Ok(()),
        }
    }

    /// Turn a JSON deserializer into an iterator over values of type T.
    pub fn into_iter<T>(self) -> StreamDeserializer<'de, R, T>
    where
        T: de::Deserialize<'de>,
    {
        // This cannot be an implementation of std::iter::IntoIterator because
        // we need the caller to choose what T is.
        let offset = self.read.byte_offset();
        StreamDeserializer {
            de: self,
            offset: offset,
            output: PhantomData,
            lifetime: PhantomData,
        }
    }

    fn peek(&mut self) -> Result<Option<u8>> {
        self.read.peek().map_err(Error::io)
    }

    fn peek_or_null(&mut self) -> Result<u8> {
        Ok(try!(self.peek()).unwrap_or(b'\x00'))
    }

    fn eat_char(&mut self) {
        self.read.discard();
    }

    fn next_char(&mut self) -> Result<Option<u8>> {
        self.read.next().map_err(Error::io)
    }

    fn next_char_or_null(&mut self) -> Result<u8> {
        Ok(try!(self.next_char()).unwrap_or(b'\x00'))
    }

    /// Error caused by a byte from next_char().
    fn error(&mut self, reason: ErrorCode) -> Error {
        let pos = self.read.position();
        Error::syntax(reason, pos.line, pos.column)
    }

    /// Error caused by a byte from peek().
    fn peek_error(&mut self, reason: ErrorCode) -> Error {
        let pos = self.read.peek_position();
        Error::syntax(reason, pos.line, pos.column)
    }

    /// Returns the first non-whitespace byte without consuming it, or `None` if
    /// EOF is encountered.
    fn parse_whitespace(&mut self) -> Result<Option<u8>> {
        loop {
            match try!(self.peek()) {
                Some(b' ') | Some(b'\n') | Some(b'\t') | Some(b'\r') => {
                    self.eat_char();
                }
                other => {
                    return Ok(other);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    fn parse_value<V>(&mut self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value>
    where
        V: de::Visitor<'de>,
    {
        let peek = match try!(self.parse_whitespace()) {
            Some(b) => b,
            None => {
                return Err(self.peek_error(ErrorCode::EofWhileParsingValue));
            }
        };

        let value = match peek {
            b'n' => {
                self.eat_char();
                try!(self.parse_ident(b"ull"));
                visitor.visit_unit()
            }
            b't' => {
                self.eat_char();
                try!(self.parse_ident(b"rue"));
                visitor.visit_bool(true)
            }
            b'f' => {
                self.eat_char();
                try!(self.parse_ident(b"alse"));
                visitor.visit_bool(false)
            }
            b'-' => {
                self.eat_char();
                try!(self.parse_integer(false)).visit(visitor)
            }
            b'0'...b'9' => try!(self.parse_integer(true)).visit(visitor),
            b'"' => {
                self.eat_char();
                self.str_buf.clear();
                match try!(self.read.parse_str(&mut self.str_buf)) {
                    Reference::Borrowed(s) => visitor.visit_borrowed_str(s),
                    Reference::Copied(s) => visitor.visit_str(s),
                }
            }
            b'[' => {
                self.remaining_depth -= 1;
                if self.remaining_depth == 0 {
                    return Err(self.peek_error(ErrorCode::RecursionLimitExceeded));
                }

                self.eat_char();
                let ret = visitor.visit_seq(SeqAccess::new(self));

                self.remaining_depth += 1;

                match (ret, self.end_seq()) {
                    (Ok(ret), Ok(())) => Ok(ret),
                    (Err(err), _) | (_, Err(err)) => Err(err),
                }
            }
            b'{' => {
                self.remaining_depth -= 1;
                if self.remaining_depth == 0 {
                    return Err(self.peek_error(ErrorCode::RecursionLimitExceeded));
                }

                self.eat_char();
                let ret = visitor.visit_map(MapAccess::new(self));

                self.remaining_depth += 1;

                match (ret, self.end_map()) {
                    (Ok(ret), Ok(())) => Ok(ret),
                    (Err(err), _) | (_, Err(err)) => Err(err),
                }
            }
            _ => Err(self.peek_error(ErrorCode::ExpectedSomeValue)),
        };

        match value {
            Ok(value) => Ok(value),
            // The de::Error and From<de::value::Error> impls both create errors
            // with unknown line and column. Fill in the position here by
            // looking at the current index in the input. There is no way to
            // tell whether this should call `error` or `peek_error` so pick the
            // one that seems correct more often. Worst case, the position is
            // off by one character.
            Err(err) => Err(err.fix_position(|code| self.error(code))),
        }
    }

    fn parse_ident(&mut self, ident: &[u8]) -> Result<()> {
        for c in ident {
            if Some(*c) != try!(self.next_char()) {
                return Err(self.error(ErrorCode::ExpectedSomeIdent));
            }
        }

        Ok(())
    }

    fn parse_integer(&mut self, pos: bool) -> Result<Number> {
        match try!(self.next_char_or_null()) {
            b'0' => {
                // There can be only one leading '0'.
                match try!(self.peek_or_null()) {
                    b'0'...b'9' => Err(self.peek_error(ErrorCode::InvalidNumber)),
                    _ => self.parse_number(pos, 0),
                }
            }
            c @ b'1'...b'9' => {
                let mut res = (c - b'0') as u64;

                loop {
                    match try!(self.peek_or_null()) {
                        c @ b'0'...b'9' => {
                            self.eat_char();
                            let digit = (c - b'0') as u64;

                            // We need to be careful with overflow. If we can, try to keep the
                            // number as a `u64` until we grow too large. At that point, switch to
                            // parsing the value as a `f64`.
                            if overflow!(res * 10 + digit, u64::MAX) {
                                return Ok(Number::F64(try!(self.parse_long_integer(
                                    pos,
                                    res,
                                    1, // res * 10^1
                                ))));
                            }

                            res = res * 10 + digit;
                        }
                        _ => {
                            return self.parse_number(pos, res);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            _ => Err(self.error(ErrorCode::InvalidNumber)),
        }
    }

    fn parse_long_integer(
        &mut self,
        pos: bool,
        significand: u64,
        mut exponent: i32,
    ) -> Result<f64> {
        loop {
            match try!(self.peek_or_null()) {
                b'0'...b'9' => {
                    self.eat_char();
                    // This could overflow... if your integer is gigabytes long.
                    // Ignore that possibility.
                    exponent += 1;
                }
                b'.' => {
                    return self.parse_decimal(pos, significand, exponent);
                }
                b'e' | b'E' => {
                    return self.parse_exponent(pos, significand, exponent);
                }
                _ => {
                    return self.f64_from_parts(pos, significand, exponent);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    fn parse_number(&mut self, pos: bool, significand: u64) -> Result<Number> {
        Ok(match try!(self.peek_or_null()) {
            b'.' => Number::F64(try!(self.parse_decimal(pos, significand, 0))),
            b'e' | b'E' => Number::F64(try!(self.parse_exponent(pos, significand, 0))),
            _ => {
                if pos {
                    Number::U64(significand)
                } else {
                    let neg = (significand as i64).wrapping_neg();

                    // Convert into a float if we underflow.
                    if neg > 0 {
                        Number::F64(-(significand as f64))
                    } else {
                        Number::I64(neg)
                    }
                }
            }
        })
    }

    fn parse_decimal(
        &mut self,
        pos: bool,
        mut significand: u64,
        mut exponent: i32,
    ) -> Result<f64> {
        self.eat_char();

        let mut at_least_one_digit = false;
        while let c @ b'0'...b'9' = try!(self.peek_or_null()) {
            self.eat_char();
            let digit = (c - b'0') as u64;
            at_least_one_digit = true;

            if overflow!(significand * 10 + digit, u64::MAX) {
                // The next multiply/add would overflow, so just ignore all
                // further digits.
                while let b'0'...b'9' = try!(self.peek_or_null()) {
                    self.eat_char();
                }
                break;
            }

            significand = significand * 10 + digit;
            exponent -= 1;
        }

        if !at_least_one_digit {
            return Err(self.peek_error(ErrorCode::InvalidNumber));
        }

        match try!(self.peek_or_null()) {
            b'e' | b'E' => self.parse_exponent(pos, significand, exponent),
            _ => self.f64_from_parts(pos, significand, exponent),
        }
    }

    fn parse_exponent(
        &mut self,
        pos: bool,
        significand: u64,
        starting_exp: i32,
    ) -> Result<f64> {
        self.eat_char();

        let pos_exp = match try!(self.peek_or_null()) {
            b'+' => {
                self.eat_char();
                true
            }
            b'-' => {
                self.eat_char();
                false
            }
            _ => true,
        };

        // Make sure a digit follows the exponent place.
        let mut exp = match try!(self.next_char_or_null()) {
            c @ b'0'...b'9' => (c - b'0') as i32,
            _ => {
                return Err(self.error(ErrorCode::InvalidNumber));
            }
        };

        while let c @ b'0'...b'9' = try!(self.peek_or_null()) {
            self.eat_char();
            let digit = (c - b'0') as i32;

            if overflow!(exp * 10 + digit, i32::MAX) {
                return self.parse_exponent_overflow(pos, significand, pos_exp);
            }

            exp = exp * 10 + digit;
        }

        let final_exp = if pos_exp {
            starting_exp.saturating_add(exp)
        } else {
            starting_exp.saturating_sub(exp)
        };

        self.f64_from_parts(pos, significand, final_exp)
    }

    // This cold code should not be inlined into the middle of the hot
    // exponent-parsing loop above.
    #[cold]
    #[inline(never)]
    fn parse_exponent_overflow(
        &mut self,
        pos: bool,
        significand: u64,
        pos_exp: bool,
    ) -> Result<f64> {
        // Error instead of +/- infinity.
        if significand != 0 && pos_exp {
            return Err(self.error(ErrorCode::NumberOutOfRange));
        }

        while let b'0'...b'9' = try!(self.peek_or_null()) {
            self.eat_char();
        }
        Ok(if pos { 0.0 } else { -0.0 })
    }

    fn f64_from_parts(
        &mut self,
        pos: bool,
        significand: u64,
        mut exponent: i32,
    ) -> Result<f64> {
        let mut f = significand as f64;
        loop {
            match POW10.get(exponent.abs() as usize) {
                Some(&pow) => {
                    if exponent >= 0 {
                        f *= pow;
                        if f.is_infinite() {
                            return Err(self.error(ErrorCode::NumberOutOfRange));
                        }
                    } else {
                        f /= pow;
                    }
                    break;
                }
                None => {
                    if f == 0.0 {
                        break;
                    }
                    if exponent >= 0 {
                        return Err(self.error(ErrorCode::NumberOutOfRange));
                    }
                    f /= 1e308;
                    exponent += 308;
                }
            }
        }
        Ok(if pos { f } else { -f })
    }

    fn parse_object_colon(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
        match try!(self.parse_whitespace()) {
            Some(b':') => {
                self.eat_char();
                Ok(())
            }
            Some(_) => Err(self.peek_error(ErrorCode::ExpectedColon)),
            None => Err(self.peek_error(ErrorCode::EofWhileParsingObject)),
        }
    }

    fn end_seq(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
        match try!(self.parse_whitespace()) {
            Some(b']') => {
                self.eat_char();
                Ok(())
            }
            Some(_) => Err(self.peek_error(ErrorCode::TrailingCharacters)),
            None => Err(self.peek_error(ErrorCode::EofWhileParsingList)),
        }
    }

    fn end_map(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
        match try!(self.parse_whitespace()) {
            Some(b'}') => {
                self.eat_char();
                Ok(())
            }
            Some(_) => Err(self.peek_error(ErrorCode::TrailingCharacters)),
            None => Err(self.peek_error(ErrorCode::EofWhileParsingObject)),
        }
    }

    fn ignore_value(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
        let peek = match try!(self.parse_whitespace()) {
            Some(b) => b,
            None => {
                return Err(self.peek_error(ErrorCode::EofWhileParsingValue));
            }
        };

        match peek {
            b'n' => {
                self.eat_char();
                self.parse_ident(b"ull")
            }
            b't' => {
                self.eat_char();
                self.parse_ident(b"rue")
            }
            b'f' => {
                self.eat_char();
                self.parse_ident(b"alse")
            }
            b'-' => {
                self.eat_char();
                self.ignore_integer()
            }
            b'0'...b'9' => {
                self.ignore_integer()
            }
            b'"' => {
                self.eat_char();
                self.read.ignore_str()
            }
            b'[' => {
                self.remaining_depth -= 1;
                if self.remaining_depth == 0 {
                    return Err(self.peek_error(ErrorCode::RecursionLimitExceeded));
                }

                self.eat_char();
                let res = self.ignore_seq();
                self.remaining_depth += 1;
                res
            }
            b'{' => {
                self.remaining_depth -= 1;
                if self.remaining_depth == 0 {
                    return Err(self.peek_error(ErrorCode::RecursionLimitExceeded));
                }

                self.eat_char();
                let res = self.ignore_map();
                self.remaining_depth += 1;
                res
            }
            _ => {
                Err(self.peek_error(ErrorCode::ExpectedSomeValue))
            }
        }
    }

    fn ignore_integer(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
        match try!(self.next_char_or_null()) {
            b'0' => {
                // There can be only one leading '0'.
                if let b'0'...b'9' = try!(self.peek_or_null()) {
                    return Err(self.peek_error(ErrorCode::InvalidNumber));
                }
            }
            b'1'...b'9' => {
                while let b'0'...b'9' = try!(self.peek_or_null()) {
                    self.eat_char();
                }
            }
            _ => {
                return Err(self.error(ErrorCode::InvalidNumber));
            }
        }

        match try!(self.peek_or_null()) {
            b'.' => self.ignore_decimal(),
            b'e' | b'E' => self.ignore_exponent(),
            _ => Ok(()),
        }
    }

    fn ignore_decimal(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
        self.eat_char();

        let mut at_least_one_digit = false;
        while let b'0'...b'9' = try!(self.peek_or_null()) {
            self.eat_char();
            at_least_one_digit = true;
        }

        if !at_least_one_digit {
            return Err(self.peek_error(ErrorCode::InvalidNumber));
        }

        match try!(self.peek_or_null()) {
            b'e' | b'E' => self.ignore_exponent(),
            _ => Ok(()),
        }
    }

    fn ignore_exponent(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
        self.eat_char();

        match try!(self.peek_or_null()) {
            b'+' | b'-' => self.eat_char(),
            _ => {}
        }

        // Make sure a digit follows the exponent place.
        match try!(self.next_char_or_null()) {
            b'0'...b'9' => {}
            _ => {
                return Err(self.error(ErrorCode::InvalidNumber));
            }
        }

        while let b'0'...b'9' = try!(self.peek_or_null()) {
            self.eat_char();
        }

        Ok(())
    }

    fn ignore_seq(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
        let mut first = true;

        loop {
            match try!(self.parse_whitespace()) {
                Some(b']') => {
                    self.eat_char();
                    return Ok(());
                }
                Some(b',') if !first => {
                    self.eat_char();
                }
                Some(_) => {
                    if first {
                        first = false;
                    } else {
                        return Err(self.peek_error(ErrorCode::ExpectedListCommaOrEnd));
                    }
                }
                None => {
                    return Err(self.peek_error(ErrorCode::EofWhileParsingList));
                }
            }

            try!(self.ignore_value());
        }
    }

    fn ignore_map(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
        let mut first = true;

        loop {
            let peek = match try!(self.parse_whitespace()) {
                Some(b'}') => {
                    self.eat_char();
                    return Ok(());
                }
                Some(b',') if !first => {
                    self.eat_char();
                    try!(self.parse_whitespace())
                }
                Some(b) => {
                    if first {
                        first = false;
                        Some(b)
                    } else {
                        return Err(self.peek_error(ErrorCode::ExpectedObjectCommaOrEnd));
                    }
                }
                None => {
                    return Err(self.peek_error(ErrorCode::EofWhileParsingObject));
                }
            };

            match peek {
                Some(b'"') => {
                    self.eat_char();
                    try!(self.read.ignore_str());
                }
                Some(_) => {
                    return Err(self.peek_error(ErrorCode::KeyMustBeAString));
                }
                None => {
                    return Err(self.peek_error(ErrorCode::EofWhileParsingObject));
                }
            }

            match try!(self.parse_whitespace()) {
                Some(b':') => {
                    self.eat_char();
                    try!(self.ignore_value());
                }
                Some(_) => {
                    return Err(self.peek_error(ErrorCode::ExpectedColon));
                }
                None => {
                    return Err(self.peek_error(ErrorCode::EofWhileParsingObject));
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

#[cfg_attr(rustfmt, rustfmt_skip)]
static POW10: [f64; 309] =
    [1e000, 1e001, 1e002, 1e003, 1e004, 1e005, 1e006, 1e007, 1e008, 1e009,
     1e010, 1e011, 1e012, 1e013, 1e014, 1e015, 1e016, 1e017, 1e018, 1e019,
     1e020, 1e021, 1e022, 1e023, 1e024, 1e025, 1e026, 1e027, 1e028, 1e029,
     1e030, 1e031, 1e032, 1e033, 1e034, 1e035, 1e036, 1e037, 1e038, 1e039,
     1e040, 1e041, 1e042, 1e043, 1e044, 1e045, 1e046, 1e047, 1e048, 1e049,
     1e050, 1e051, 1e052, 1e053, 1e054, 1e055, 1e056, 1e057, 1e058, 1e059,
     1e060, 1e061, 1e062, 1e063, 1e064, 1e065, 1e066, 1e067, 1e068, 1e069,
     1e070, 1e071, 1e072, 1e073, 1e074, 1e075, 1e076, 1e077, 1e078, 1e079,
     1e080, 1e081, 1e082, 1e083, 1e084, 1e085, 1e086, 1e087, 1e088, 1e089,
     1e090, 1e091, 1e092, 1e093, 1e094, 1e095, 1e096, 1e097, 1e098, 1e099,
     1e100, 1e101, 1e102, 1e103, 1e104, 1e105, 1e106, 1e107, 1e108, 1e109,
     1e110, 1e111, 1e112, 1e113, 1e114, 1e115, 1e116, 1e117, 1e118, 1e119,
     1e120, 1e121, 1e122, 1e123, 1e124, 1e125, 1e126, 1e127, 1e128, 1e129,
     1e130, 1e131, 1e132, 1e133, 1e134, 1e135, 1e136, 1e137, 1e138, 1e139,
     1e140, 1e141, 1e142, 1e143, 1e144, 1e145, 1e146, 1e147, 1e148, 1e149,
     1e150, 1e151, 1e152, 1e153, 1e154, 1e155, 1e156, 1e157, 1e158, 1e159,
     1e160, 1e161, 1e162, 1e163, 1e164, 1e165, 1e166, 1e167, 1e168, 1e169,
     1e170, 1e171, 1e172, 1e173, 1e174, 1e175, 1e176, 1e177, 1e178, 1e179,
     1e180, 1e181, 1e182, 1e183, 1e184, 1e185, 1e186, 1e187, 1e188, 1e189,
     1e190, 1e191, 1e192, 1e193, 1e194, 1e195, 1e196, 1e197, 1e198, 1e199,
     1e200, 1e201, 1e202, 1e203, 1e204, 1e205, 1e206, 1e207, 1e208, 1e209,
     1e210, 1e211, 1e212, 1e213, 1e214, 1e215, 1e216, 1e217, 1e218, 1e219,
     1e220, 1e221, 1e222, 1e223, 1e224, 1e225, 1e226, 1e227, 1e228, 1e229,
     1e230, 1e231, 1e232, 1e233, 1e234, 1e235, 1e236, 1e237, 1e238, 1e239,
     1e240, 1e241, 1e242, 1e243, 1e244, 1e245, 1e246, 1e247, 1e248, 1e249,
     1e250, 1e251, 1e252, 1e253, 1e254, 1e255, 1e256, 1e257, 1e258, 1e259,
     1e260, 1e261, 1e262, 1e263, 1e264, 1e265, 1e266, 1e267, 1e268, 1e269,
     1e270, 1e271, 1e272, 1e273, 1e274, 1e275, 1e276, 1e277, 1e278, 1e279,
     1e280, 1e281, 1e282, 1e283, 1e284, 1e285, 1e286, 1e287, 1e288, 1e289,
     1e290, 1e291, 1e292, 1e293, 1e294, 1e295, 1e296, 1e297, 1e298, 1e299,
     1e300, 1e301, 1e302, 1e303, 1e304, 1e305, 1e306, 1e307, 1e308];

impl<'de, 'a, R: Read<'de>> de::Deserializer<'de> for &'a mut Deserializer<R> {
    type Error = Error;

    #[inline]
    fn deserialize_any<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value>
    where
        V: de::Visitor<'de>,
    {
        self.parse_value(visitor)
    }

    /// Parses a `null` as a None, and any other values as a `Some(...)`.
    #[inline]
    fn deserialize_option<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value>
    where
        V: de::Visitor<'de>,
    {
        match try!(self.parse_whitespace()) {
            Some(b'n') => {
                self.eat_char();
                try!(self.parse_ident(b"ull"));
                visitor.visit_none()
            }
            _ => visitor.visit_some(self),
        }
    }

    /// Parses a newtype struct as the underlying value.
    #[inline]
    fn deserialize_newtype_struct<V>(self, _name: &str, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value>
    where
        V: de::Visitor<'de>,
    {
        visitor.visit_newtype_struct(self)
    }

    /// Parses an enum as an object like `{"$KEY":$VALUE}`, where $VALUE is either a straight
    /// value, a `[..]`, or a `{..}`.
    #[inline]
    fn deserialize_enum<V>(
        self,
        _name: &str,
        _variants: &'static [&'static str],
        visitor: V,
    ) -> Result<V::Value>
    where
        V: de::Visitor<'de>,
    {
        match try!(self.parse_whitespace()) {
            Some(b'{') => {
                self.remaining_depth -= 1;
                if self.remaining_depth == 0 {
                    return Err(self.peek_error(ErrorCode::RecursionLimitExceeded));
                }

                self.eat_char();
                let value = try!(visitor.visit_enum(VariantAccess::new(self)));

                self.remaining_depth += 1;

                match try!(self.parse_whitespace()) {
                    Some(b'}') => {
                        self.eat_char();
                        Ok(value)
                    }
                    Some(_) => Err(self.error(ErrorCode::ExpectedSomeValue)),
                    None => Err(self.error(ErrorCode::EofWhileParsingObject)),
                }
            }
            Some(b'"') => visitor.visit_enum(UnitVariantAccess::new(self)),
            Some(_) => Err(self.peek_error(ErrorCode::ExpectedSomeValue)),
            None => Err(self.peek_error(ErrorCode::EofWhileParsingValue)),
        }
    }

    /// Parses a JSON string as bytes. Note that this function does not check
    /// whether the bytes represent a valid UTF-8 string.
    ///
    /// The relevant part of the JSON specification is Section 8.2 of [RFC
    /// 7159]:
    ///
    /// > When all the strings represented in a JSON text are composed entirely
    /// > of Unicode characters (however escaped), then that JSON text is
    /// > interoperable in the sense that all software implementations that
    /// > parse it will agree on the contents of names and of string values in
    /// > objects and arrays.
    /// >
    /// > However, the ABNF in this specification allows member names and string
    /// > values to contain bit sequences that cannot encode Unicode characters;
    /// > for example, "\uDEAD" (a single unpaired UTF-16 surrogate). Instances
    /// > of this have been observed, for example, when a library truncates a
    /// > UTF-16 string without checking whether the truncation split a
    /// > surrogate pair.  The behavior of software that receives JSON texts
    /// > containing such values is unpredictable; for example, implementations
    /// > might return different values for the length of a string value or even
    /// > suffer fatal runtime exceptions.
    ///
    /// [RFC 7159]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7159
    ///
    /// The behavior of serde_json is specified to fail on non-UTF-8 strings
    /// when deserializing into Rust UTF-8 string types such as String, and
    /// succeed with non-UTF-8 bytes when deserializing using this method.
    ///
    /// Escape sequences are processed as usual, and for `\uXXXX` escapes it is
    /// still checked if the hex number represents a valid Unicode code point.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// You can use this to parse JSON strings containing invalid UTF-8 bytes.
    ///
    /// ```rust
    /// extern crate serde_json;
    /// extern crate serde_bytes;
    ///
    /// use serde_bytes::ByteBuf;
    ///
    /// fn look_at_bytes() -> Result<(), serde_json::Error> {
    ///     let json_data = b"\"some bytes: \xe5\x00\xe5\"";
    ///     let bytes: ByteBuf = serde_json::from_slice(json_data)?;
    ///
    ///     assert_eq!(b'\xe5', bytes[12]);
    ///     assert_eq!(b'\0', bytes[13]);
    ///     assert_eq!(b'\xe5', bytes[14]);
    ///
    ///     Ok(())
    /// }
    /// #
    /// # fn main() {
    /// #     look_at_bytes().unwrap();
    /// # }
    /// ```
    ///
    /// Backslash escape sequences like `\n` are still interpreted and required
    /// to be valid, and `\u` escape sequences are required to represent valid
    /// Unicode code points.
    ///
    /// ```rust
    /// extern crate serde_json;
    /// extern crate serde_bytes;
    ///
    /// use serde_bytes::ByteBuf;
    ///
    /// fn look_at_bytes() {
    ///     let json_data = b"\"invalid unicode surrogate: \\uD801\"";
    ///     let parsed: Result<ByteBuf, _> = serde_json::from_slice(json_data);
    ///
    ///     assert!(parsed.is_err());
    ///
    ///     let expected_msg = "unexpected end of hex escape at line 1 column 35";
    ///     assert_eq!(expected_msg, parsed.unwrap_err().to_string());
    /// }
    /// #
    /// # fn main() {
    /// #     look_at_bytes();
    /// # }
    /// ```
    fn deserialize_bytes<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value>
    where
        V: de::Visitor<'de>,
    {
        match try!(self.parse_whitespace()) {
            Some(b'"') => {
                self.eat_char();
                self.str_buf.clear();
                match try!(self.read.parse_str_raw(&mut self.str_buf)) {
                    Reference::Borrowed(b) => visitor.visit_borrowed_bytes(b),
                    Reference::Copied(b) => visitor.visit_bytes(b),
                }
            }
            _ => self.deserialize_any(visitor),
        }

    }

    #[inline]
    fn deserialize_byte_buf<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value>
    where
        V: de::Visitor<'de>,
    {
        self.deserialize_bytes(visitor)
    }

    fn deserialize_ignored_any<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value>
    where
        V: de::Visitor<'de>,
    {
        try!(self.ignore_value());
        visitor.visit_unit()
    }

    forward_to_deserialize_any! {
        bool i8 i16 i32 i64 u8 u16 u32 u64 f32 f64 char str string unit
        unit_struct seq tuple tuple_struct map struct identifier
    }
}

struct SeqAccess<'a, R: 'a> {
    de: &'a mut Deserializer<R>,
    first: bool,
}

impl<'a, R: 'a> SeqAccess<'a, R> {
    fn new(de: &'a mut Deserializer<R>) -> Self {
        SeqAccess {
            de: de,
            first: true,
        }
    }
}

impl<'de, 'a, R: Read<'de> + 'a> de::SeqAccess<'de> for SeqAccess<'a, R> {
    type Error = Error;

    fn next_element_seed<T>(&mut self, seed: T) -> Result<Option<T::Value>>
    where
        T: de::DeserializeSeed<'de>,
    {
        match try!(self.de.parse_whitespace()) {
            Some(b']') => {
                return Ok(None);
            }
            Some(b',') if !self.first => {
                self.de.eat_char();
            }
            Some(_) => {
                if self.first {
                    self.first = false;
                } else {
                    return Err(self.de.peek_error(ErrorCode::ExpectedListCommaOrEnd));
                }
            }
            None => {
                return Err(self.de.peek_error(ErrorCode::EofWhileParsingList));
            }
        }

        let value = try!(seed.deserialize(&mut *self.de));
        Ok(Some(value))
    }
}

struct MapAccess<'a, R: 'a> {
    de: &'a mut Deserializer<R>,
    first: bool,
}

impl<'a, R: 'a> MapAccess<'a, R> {
    fn new(de: &'a mut Deserializer<R>) -> Self {
        MapAccess {
            de: de,
            first: true,
        }
    }
}

impl<'de, 'a, R: Read<'de> + 'a> de::MapAccess<'de> for MapAccess<'a, R> {
    type Error = Error;

    fn next_key_seed<K>(&mut self, seed: K) -> Result<Option<K::Value>>
    where
        K: de::DeserializeSeed<'de>,
    {
        let peek = match try!(self.de.parse_whitespace()) {
            Some(b'}') => {
                return Ok(None);
            }
            Some(b',') if !self.first => {
                self.de.eat_char();
                try!(self.de.parse_whitespace())
            }
            Some(b) => {
                if self.first {
                    self.first = false;
                    Some(b)
                } else {
                    return Err(self.de.peek_error(ErrorCode::ExpectedObjectCommaOrEnd));
                }
            }
            None => {
                return Err(self.de.peek_error(ErrorCode::EofWhileParsingObject));
            }
        };

        match peek {
            Some(b'"') => seed.deserialize(MapKey { de: &mut *self.de }).map(Some),
            Some(_) => Err(self.de.peek_error(ErrorCode::KeyMustBeAString)),
            None => Err(self.de.peek_error(ErrorCode::EofWhileParsingValue)),
        }
    }

    fn next_value_seed<V>(&mut self, seed: V) -> Result<V::Value>
    where
        V: de::DeserializeSeed<'de>,
    {
        try!(self.de.parse_object_colon());

        seed.deserialize(&mut *self.de)
    }
}

struct VariantAccess<'a, R: 'a> {
    de: &'a mut Deserializer<R>,
}

impl<'a, R: 'a> VariantAccess<'a, R> {
    fn new(de: &'a mut Deserializer<R>) -> Self {
        VariantAccess { de: de }
    }
}

impl<'de, 'a, R: Read<'de> + 'a> de::EnumAccess<'de> for VariantAccess<'a, R> {
    type Error = Error;
    type Variant = Self;

    fn variant_seed<V>(self, seed: V) -> Result<(V::Value, Self)>
    where
        V: de::DeserializeSeed<'de>,
    {
        let val = try!(seed.deserialize(&mut *self.de));
        try!(self.de.parse_object_colon());
        Ok((val, self))
    }
}

impl<'de, 'a, R: Read<'de> + 'a> de::VariantAccess<'de> for VariantAccess<'a, R> {
    type Error = Error;

    fn unit_variant(self) -> Result<()> {
        de::Deserialize::deserialize(self.de)
    }

    fn newtype_variant_seed<T>(self, seed: T) -> Result<T::Value>
    where
        T: de::DeserializeSeed<'de>,
    {
        seed.deserialize(self.de)
    }

    fn tuple_variant<V>(self, _len: usize, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value>
    where
        V: de::Visitor<'de>,
    {
        de::Deserializer::deserialize_any(self.de, visitor)
    }

    fn struct_variant<V>(self, _fields: &'static [&'static str], visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value>
    where
        V: de::Visitor<'de>,
    {
        de::Deserializer::deserialize_any(self.de, visitor)
    }
}

struct UnitVariantAccess<'a, R: 'a> {
    de: &'a mut Deserializer<R>,
}

impl<'a, R: 'a> UnitVariantAccess<'a, R> {
    fn new(de: &'a mut Deserializer<R>) -> Self {
        UnitVariantAccess { de: de }
    }
}

impl<'de, 'a, R: Read<'de> + 'a> de::EnumAccess<'de> for UnitVariantAccess<'a, R> {
    type Error = Error;
    type Variant = Self;

    fn variant_seed<V>(self, seed: V) -> Result<(V::Value, Self)>
    where
        V: de::DeserializeSeed<'de>,
    {
        let variant = try!(seed.deserialize(&mut *self.de));
        Ok((variant, self))
    }
}

impl<'de, 'a, R: Read<'de> + 'a> de::VariantAccess<'de> for UnitVariantAccess<'a, R> {
    type Error = Error;

    fn unit_variant(self) -> Result<()> {
        Ok(())
    }

    fn newtype_variant_seed<T>(self, _seed: T) -> Result<T::Value>
    where
        T: de::DeserializeSeed<'de>,
    {
        Err(de::Error::invalid_type(Unexpected::UnitVariant, &"newtype variant"),)
    }

    fn tuple_variant<V>(self, _len: usize, _visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value>
    where
        V: de::Visitor<'de>,
    {
        Err(de::Error::invalid_type(Unexpected::UnitVariant, &"tuple variant"),)
    }

    fn struct_variant<V>(self, _fields: &'static [&'static str], _visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value>
    where
        V: de::Visitor<'de>,
    {
        Err(de::Error::invalid_type(Unexpected::UnitVariant, &"struct variant"),)
    }
}

/// Only deserialize from this after peeking a '"' byte! Otherwise it may
/// deserialize invalid JSON successfully.
struct MapKey<'a, R: 'a> {
    de: &'a mut Deserializer<R>,
}

macro_rules! deserialize_integer_key {
    ($deserialize:ident => $visit:ident) => {
        fn $deserialize<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value>
        where
            V: de::Visitor<'de>,
        {
            self.de.eat_char();
            self.de.str_buf.clear();
            let string = try!(self.de.read.parse_str(&mut self.de.str_buf));
            match (string.parse(), string) {
                (Ok(integer), _) => visitor.$visit(integer),
                (Err(_), Reference::Borrowed(s)) => visitor.visit_borrowed_str(s),
                (Err(_), Reference::Copied(s)) => visitor.visit_str(s),
            }
        }
    }
}

impl<'de, 'a, R> de::Deserializer<'de> for MapKey<'a, R>
where
    R: Read<'de>,
{
    type Error = Error;

    #[inline]
    fn deserialize_any<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value>
    where
        V: de::Visitor<'de>,
    {
        self.de.parse_value(visitor)
    }

    deserialize_integer_key!(deserialize_i8 => visit_i8);
    deserialize_integer_key!(deserialize_i16 => visit_i16);
    deserialize_integer_key!(deserialize_i32 => visit_i32);
    deserialize_integer_key!(deserialize_i64 => visit_i64);
    deserialize_integer_key!(deserialize_u8 => visit_u8);
    deserialize_integer_key!(deserialize_u16 => visit_u16);
    deserialize_integer_key!(deserialize_u32 => visit_u32);
    deserialize_integer_key!(deserialize_u64 => visit_u64);

    #[inline]
    fn deserialize_option<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value>
    where
        V: de::Visitor<'de>,
    {
        // Map keys cannot be null.
        visitor.visit_some(self)
    }

    #[inline]
    fn deserialize_newtype_struct<V>(self, _name: &'static str, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value>
    where
        V: de::Visitor<'de>,
    {
        visitor.visit_newtype_struct(self)
    }

    #[inline]
    fn deserialize_enum<V>(
        self,
        name: &'static str,
        variants: &'static [&'static str],
        visitor: V,
    ) -> Result<V::Value>
    where
        V: de::Visitor<'de>,
    {
        self.de.deserialize_enum(name, variants, visitor)
    }

    #[inline]
    fn deserialize_bytes<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value>
    where
        V: de::Visitor<'de>,
    {
        self.de.deserialize_bytes(visitor)
    }

    #[inline]
    fn deserialize_byte_buf<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value>
    where
        V: de::Visitor<'de>,
    {
        self.de.deserialize_bytes(visitor)
    }

    forward_to_deserialize_any! {
        bool f32 f64 char str string unit unit_struct seq tuple tuple_struct map
        struct identifier ignored_any
    }
}

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

/// Iterator that deserializes a stream into multiple JSON values.
///
/// A stream deserializer can be created from any JSON deserializer using the
/// `Deserializer::into_iter` method.
///
/// The data must consist of JSON arrays and JSON objects optionally separated
/// by whitespace. A null, boolean, number, or string at the top level are all
/// errors.
///
/// ```rust
/// extern crate serde_json;
///
/// use serde_json::{Deserializer, Value};
///
/// fn main() {
///     let data = "{\"k\": 3}  {}  [0, 1, 2]";
///
///     let stream = Deserializer::from_str(data).into_iter::<Value>();
///
///     for value in stream {
///         println!("{}", value.unwrap());
///     }
/// }
/// ```
pub struct StreamDeserializer<'de, R, T> {
    de: Deserializer<R>,
    offset: usize,
    output: PhantomData<T>,
    lifetime: PhantomData<&'de ()>,
}

impl<'de, R, T> StreamDeserializer<'de, R, T>
where
    R: read::Read<'de>,
    T: de::Deserialize<'de>,
{
    /// Create a JSON stream deserializer from one of the possible serde_json
    /// input sources.
    ///
    /// Typically it is more convenient to use one of these methods instead:
    ///
    ///   - Deserializer::from_str(...).into_iter()
    ///   - Deserializer::from_bytes(...).into_iter()
    ///   - Deserializer::from_reader(...).into_iter()
    pub fn new(read: R) -> Self {
        let offset = read.byte_offset();
        StreamDeserializer {
            de: Deserializer::new(read),
            offset: offset,
            output: PhantomData,
            lifetime: PhantomData,
        }
    }

    /// Returns the number of bytes so far deserialized into a successful `T`.
    ///
    /// If a stream deserializer returns an EOF error, new data can be joined to
    /// `old_data[stream.byte_offset()..]` to try again.
    ///
    /// ```rust
    /// let data = b"[0] [1] [";
    ///
    /// let de = serde_json::Deserializer::from_slice(data);
    /// let mut stream = de.into_iter::<Vec<i32>>();
    /// assert_eq!(0, stream.byte_offset());
    ///
    /// println!("{:?}", stream.next()); // [0]
    /// assert_eq!(3, stream.byte_offset());
    ///
    /// println!("{:?}", stream.next()); // [1]
    /// assert_eq!(7, stream.byte_offset());
    ///
    /// println!("{:?}", stream.next()); // error
    /// assert_eq!(8, stream.byte_offset());
    ///
    /// // If err.is_eof(), can join the remaining data to new data and continue.
    /// let remaining = &data[stream.byte_offset()..];
    /// ```
    ///
    /// *Note:* In the future this method may be changed to return the number of
    /// bytes so far deserialized into a successful T *or* syntactically valid
    /// JSON skipped over due to a type error. See [serde-rs/json#70] for an
    /// example illustrating this.
    ///
    /// [serde-rs/json#70]: https://github.com/serde-rs/json/issues/70
    pub fn byte_offset(&self) -> usize {
        self.offset
    }
}

impl<'de, R, T> Iterator for StreamDeserializer<'de, R, T>
where
    R: Read<'de>,
    T: de::Deserialize<'de>,
{
    type Item = Result<T>;

    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Result<T>> {
        // skip whitespaces, if any
        // this helps with trailing whitespaces, since whitespaces between
        // values are handled for us.
        match self.de.parse_whitespace() {
            Ok(None) => {
                self.offset = self.de.read.byte_offset();
                None
            }
            Ok(Some(b'{')) | Ok(Some(b'[')) => {
                self.offset = self.de.read.byte_offset();
                let result = de::Deserialize::deserialize(&mut self.de);
                if result.is_ok() {
                    self.offset = self.de.read.byte_offset();
                }
                Some(result)
            }
            Ok(Some(_)) => Some(Err(self.de.peek_error(ErrorCode::ExpectedObjectOrArray))),
            Err(e) => Some(Err(e)),
        }
    }
}

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

fn from_trait<'de, R, T>(read: R) -> Result<T>
where
    R: Read<'de>,
    T: de::Deserialize<'de>,
{
    let mut de = Deserializer::new(read);
    let value = try!(de::Deserialize::deserialize(&mut de));

    // Make sure the whole stream has been consumed.
    try!(de.end());
    Ok(value)
}

/// Deserialize an instance of type `T` from an IO stream of JSON.
///
/// # Errors
///
/// This conversion can fail if the structure of the input does not match the
/// structure expected by `T`, for example if `T` is a struct type but the input
/// contains something other than a JSON map. It can also fail if the structure
/// is correct but `T`'s implementation of `Deserialize` decides that something
/// is wrong with the data, for example required struct fields are missing from
/// the JSON map or some number is too big to fit in the expected primitive
/// type.
///
/// ```rust
/// #[macro_use]
/// extern crate serde_derive;
///
/// extern crate serde;
/// extern crate serde_json;
///
/// use std::error::Error;
/// use std::fs::File;
/// use std::path::Path;
///
/// #[derive(Deserialize, Debug)]
/// struct User {
///     fingerprint: String,
///     location: String,
/// }
///
/// fn read_user_from_file<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P) -> Result<User, Box<Error>> {
///     // Open the file in read-only mode.
///     let file = File::open(path)?;
///
///     // Read the JSON contents of the file as an instance of `User`.
///     let u = serde_json::from_reader(file)?;
///
///     // Return the `User`.
///     Ok(u)
/// }
///
/// fn main() {
/// # }
/// # fn fake_main() {
///     let u = read_user_from_file("test.json").unwrap();
///     println!("{:#?}", u);
/// }
/// ```
pub fn from_reader<R, T>(rdr: R) -> Result<T>
where
    R: io::Read,
    T: de::DeserializeOwned,
{
    from_trait(read::IoRead::new(rdr))
}

/// Deserialize an instance of type `T` from bytes of JSON text.
///
/// # Errors
///
/// This conversion can fail if the structure of the input does not match the
/// structure expected by `T`, for example if `T` is a struct type but the input
/// contains something other than a JSON map. It can also fail if the structure
/// is correct but `T`'s implementation of `Deserialize` decides that something
/// is wrong with the data, for example required struct fields are missing from
/// the JSON map or some number is too big to fit in the expected primitive
/// type.
///
/// ```rust
/// #[macro_use]
/// extern crate serde_derive;
///
/// extern crate serde;
/// extern crate serde_json;
///
/// #[derive(Deserialize, Debug)]
/// struct User {
///     fingerprint: String,
///     location: String,
/// }
///
/// fn main() {
///     // The type of `j` is `&[u8]`
///     let j = b"{
///                 \"fingerprint\": \"0xF9BA143B95FF6D82\",
///                 \"location\": \"Menlo Park, CA\"
///               }";
///
///     let u: User = serde_json::from_slice(j).unwrap();
///     println!("{:#?}", u);
/// }
/// ```
pub fn from_slice<'a, T>(v: &'a [u8]) -> Result<T>
where
    T: de::Deserialize<'a>,
{
    from_trait(read::SliceRead::new(v))
}

/// Deserialize an instance of type `T` from a string of JSON text.
///
/// # Errors
///
/// This conversion can fail if the structure of the input does not match the
/// structure expected by `T`, for example if `T` is a struct type but the input
/// contains something other than a JSON map. It can also fail if the structure
/// is correct but `T`'s implementation of `Deserialize` decides that something
/// is wrong with the data, for example required struct fields are missing from
/// the JSON map or some number is too big to fit in the expected primitive
/// type.
///
/// ```rust
/// #[macro_use]
/// extern crate serde_derive;
///
/// extern crate serde;
/// extern crate serde_json;
///
/// #[derive(Deserialize, Debug)]
/// struct User {
///     fingerprint: String,
///     location: String,
/// }
///
/// fn main() {
///     // The type of `j` is `&str`
///     let j = "{
///                \"fingerprint\": \"0xF9BA143B95FF6D82\",
///                \"location\": \"Menlo Park, CA\"
///              }";
///
///     let u: User = serde_json::from_str(j).unwrap();
///     println!("{:#?}", u);
/// }
/// ```
pub fn from_str<'a, T>(s: &'a str) -> Result<T>
where
    T: de::Deserialize<'a>,
{
    from_trait(read::StrRead::new(s))
}