logo
pub struct SgMap<K: Ord + Default, V: Default, const N: usize> { /* private fields */ }
Expand description

Safe, fallible, embedded-friendly ordered map.

Fallible APIs

TryFrom isn’t implemented because it would collide with the blanket implementation. See this open GitHub issue from 2018, this is a known Rust limitation that should be fixed via specialization in the future.

Attribution Note

The majority of API examples and descriptions are adapted or directly copied from the standard library’s BTreeMap. The goal is to offer embedded developers familiar, ergonomic APIs on resource constrained systems that otherwise don’t get the luxury of dynamic collections.

Implementations

Makes a new, empty SgMap.

Examples
use scapegoat::SgMap;

let mut map = SgMap::<_, _, 10>::new();

map.insert(1, "a");

The original scapegoat tree paper’s alpha, a, can be chosen in the range 0.5 <= a < 1.0. a tunes how “aggressively” the data structure self-balances. It controls the trade-off between total rebuild time and maximum height guarantees.

  • As a approaches 0.5, the tree will rebalance more often. Ths means slower insertions, but faster lookups and deletions.

    • An a equal to 0.5 means a tree that always maintains a perfect balance (e.g.“complete” binary tree, at all times).
  • As a approaches 1.0, the tree will rebalance less often. This means quicker insertions, but slower lookups and deletions.

    • If a reached 1.0, it’d mean a tree that never rebalances.

Returns Err if 0.5 <= alpha_num / alpha_denom < 1.0 isn’t true (invalid a, out of range).

Examples
use scapegoat::SgMap;

let mut map: SgMap<isize, isize, 10> = SgMap::new();

// Set 2/3, e.g. `a = 0.666...` (it's default value).
assert!(map.set_rebal_param(2.0, 3.0).is_ok());

Get the current rebalance parameter, alpha, as a tuple of (alpha_numerator, alpha_denominator). See the corresponding setter method for more details.

Examples
use scapegoat::SgMap;

let mut map: SgMap<isize, isize, 10> = SgMap::new();

// Set 2/3, e.g. `a = 0.666...` (it's default value).
assert!(map.set_rebal_param(2.0, 3.0).is_ok());

// Get the currently set value
assert_eq!(map.rebal_param(), (2.0, 3.0));

Total capacity, e.g. maximum number of map pairs.

Examples
use scapegoat::SgMap;

let mut map = SgMap::<usize, &str, 10>::new();

assert!(map.capacity() == 10);

Gets an iterator over the keys of the map, in sorted order.

Examples
use scapegoat::SgMap;

let mut a = SgMap::<_, _, 10>::new();
a.insert(2, "b");
a.insert(1, "a");

let keys: Vec<_> = a.keys().cloned().collect();
assert_eq!(keys, [1, 2]);

Creates a consuming iterator visiting all the keys, in sorted order. The map cannot be used after calling this. The iterator element type is K.

Examples
use scapegoat::SgMap;

let mut a = SgMap::<_, _, 10>::new();
a.insert(2, "b");
a.insert(1, "a");

let keys: Vec<i32> = a.into_keys().collect();
assert_eq!(keys, [1, 2]);

Gets an iterator over the values of the map, in order by key.

Examples
use scapegoat::SgMap;

let mut a = SgMap::<_, _, 10>::new();
a.insert(1, "hello");
a.insert(2, "goodbye");

let values: Vec<&str> = a.values().cloned().collect();
assert_eq!(values, ["hello", "goodbye"]);

Creates a consuming iterator visiting all the values, in order by key. The map cannot be used after calling this. The iterator element type is V.

Examples
use scapegoat::SgMap;

let mut a = SgMap::<_, _, 10>::new();
a.insert(1, "hello");
a.insert(2, "goodbye");

let values: Vec<&str> = a.into_values().collect();
assert_eq!(values, ["hello", "goodbye"]);

Gets a mutable iterator over the values of the map, in order by key.

Examples
use scapegoat::SgMap;

let mut a = SgMap::<_, _, 10>::new();
a.insert(1, String::from("hello"));
a.insert(2, String::from("goodbye"));

for value in a.values_mut() {
    value.push_str("!");
}

let values: Vec<String> = a.values().cloned().collect();
assert_eq!(values, [String::from("hello!"),
                    String::from("goodbye!")]);

Moves all elements from other into self, leaving other empty.

Examples
use scapegoat::SgMap;

let mut a = SgMap::<_, _, 10>::new();
a.insert(1, "a");
a.insert(2, "b");
a.insert(3, "c");

let mut b = SgMap::<_, _, 10>::new();
b.insert(3, "d");
b.insert(4, "e");
b.insert(5, "f");

a.append(&mut b);

assert_eq!(a.len(), 5);
assert_eq!(b.len(), 0);

assert_eq!(a[&1], "a");
assert_eq!(a[&2], "b");
assert_eq!(a[&3], "d");
assert_eq!(a[&4], "e");
assert_eq!(a[&5], "f");

Attempts to move all elements from other into self, leaving other empty.

Examples
use core::iter::FromIterator;
use scapegoat::{SgMap, SgError};

let mut a = SgMap::<_, _, 10>::new();
a.try_insert(1, "a").is_ok();
a.try_insert(2, "b").is_ok();
a.try_insert(3, "c").is_ok();

let mut b = SgMap::<_, _, 10>::new();
b.try_insert(3, "d").is_ok(); // Overwrite previous
b.try_insert(4, "e").is_ok();
b.try_insert(5, "f").is_ok();

// Successful append
assert!(a.try_append(&mut b).is_ok());

// Elements moved
assert_eq!(a.len(), 5);
assert_eq!(b.len(), 0);

assert_eq!(a[&1], "a");
assert_eq!(a[&2], "b");
assert_eq!(a[&3], "d");
assert_eq!(a[&4], "e");
assert_eq!(a[&5], "f");

// Fill remaining capacity
let mut key = 6;
while a.len() < a.capacity() {
    assert!(a.try_insert(key, "filler").is_ok());
    key += 1;
}

// Full
assert!(a.is_full());

// More data
let mut c = SgMap::<_, _, 10>::from_iter([(11, "k"), (12, "l")]);
let mut d = SgMap::<_, _, 10>::from_iter([(1, "a2"), (2, "b2")]);

// Cannot append new pairs
assert_eq!(a.try_append(&mut c), Err(SgError::StackCapacityExceeded));

// Can still replace existing pairs
assert!(a.try_append(&mut d).is_ok());

Insert a key-value pair into the map. If the map did not have this key present, None is returned. If the map did have this key present, the value is updated, the old value is returned, and the key is updated. This accommodates types that can be == without being identical.

Examples
use scapegoat::SgMap;

let mut map = SgMap::<_, _, 10>::new();
assert_eq!(map.insert(37, "a"), None);
assert_eq!(map.is_empty(), false);

map.insert(37, "b");
assert_eq!(map.insert(37, "c"), Some("b"));
assert_eq!(map[&37], "c");

Insert a key-value pair into the map. Returns Err if the operation can’t be completed, else the Ok contains:

  • None if the map did not have this key present.
  • The old value if the map did have this key present (both the value and key are updated, this accommodates types that can be == without being identical).
Warning

Unlike other APIs in this crate, the semantics and return type of this API are NOT the same as BTreeMap’s nightly try_insert. For an equivalent, use try_insert_std.

Examples
use scapegoat::{SgMap, SgError};

let mut map = SgMap::<_, _, 10>::new();

// Add a new pair
assert_eq!(map.try_insert(37, "a"), Ok(None));
assert_eq!(map.is_empty(), false);

// Replace existing pair
map.insert(37, "b");
assert_eq!(map.try_insert(37, "c"), Ok(Some("b")));
assert_eq!(map[&37], "c");

// Fill remaining capacity
let mut key = 38;
while map.len() < map.capacity() {
    assert!(map.try_insert(key, "filler").is_ok());
    key += 1;
}

// Full
assert!(map.is_full());

// Cannot insert new pair
assert_eq!(map.try_insert(key, "out of bounds"), Err(SgError::StackCapacityExceeded));

// Can still replace existing pair
assert_eq!(map.try_insert(key - 1, "overwrite filler"), Ok(Some("filler")));

Tries to insert a key-value pair into the map, and returns a mutable reference to the value in the entry.

If the map already had this key present, nothing is updated, and an error containing the occupied entry and the value is returned.

Warning

The semantics and return type of this API match BTreeMap’s nightly try_insert, NOT the other try_* APIs in this crate. For a fallible insert, use try_insert.

Examples

Basic usage:

use scapegoat::SgMap;

let mut map = SgMap::<_, _, 10>::new();
assert_eq!(map.try_insert_std(37, "a").unwrap(), &"a");

let err = map.try_insert_std(37, "b").unwrap_err();
assert_eq!(err.entry.key(), &37);
assert_eq!(err.entry.get(), &"a");
assert_eq!(err.value, "b");

Attempt to extend a collection with the contents of an iterator.

Examples
use core::iter::FromIterator;
use scapegoat::{SgMap, SgError};

let mut a = SgMap::<_, _, 2>::new();
let mut b = SgMap::<_, _, 3>::from_iter([(1, "a"), (2, "b"), (3, "c")]);
let mut c = SgMap::<_, _, 2>::from_iter([(1, "a"), (2, "b")]);

// Too big
assert_eq!(a.try_extend(b.into_iter()), Err(SgError::StackCapacityExceeded));

// Fits
assert!(a.try_extend(c.into_iter()).is_ok());
Note

There is no TryExtend trait in core/std.

Attempt conversion from an iterator. Will fail if iterator length exceeds u16::MAX.

Examples
use scapegoat::{SgMap, SgError};

const CAPACITY_1: usize = 1_000;
let vec: Vec<(usize, usize)> = (0..CAPACITY_1).map(|n|(n, n)).collect();
assert!(SgMap::<usize, usize, CAPACITY_1>::try_from_iter(vec.into_iter()).is_ok());

const CAPACITY_2: usize = (u16::MAX as usize) + 1;
let vec: Vec<(usize, usize)> = (0..CAPACITY_2).map(|n|(n, n)).collect();
assert_eq!(
    SgMap::<usize, usize, CAPACITY_2>::try_from_iter(vec.into_iter()),
    Err(SgError::MaximumCapacityExceeded)
);
Note

There is no TryFromIterator trait in core/std.

Gets an iterator over the entries of the map, sorted by key.

Examples
use scapegoat::SgMap;

let mut map = SgMap::<_, _, 10>::new();
map.insert(3, "c");
map.insert(2, "b");
map.insert(1, "a");

for (key, value) in map.iter() {
    println!("{}: {}", key, value);
}

let (first_key, first_value) = map.iter().next().unwrap();
assert_eq!((*first_key, *first_value), (1, "a"));

Gets a mutable iterator over the entries of the map, sorted by key.

Examples
use scapegoat::SgMap;

let mut map = SgMap::<_, _, 10>::new();
map.insert("a", 1);
map.insert("b", 2);
map.insert("c", 3);

// Add 10 to the value if the key isn't "a"
for (key, value) in map.iter_mut() {
    if key != &"a" {
        *value += 10;
    }
}

let (second_key, second_value) = map.iter().skip(1).next().unwrap();
assert_eq!((*second_key, *second_value), ("b", 12));
source

pub fn remove_entry<Q>(&mut self, key: &Q) -> Option<(K, V)> where
    K: Borrow<Q> + Ord,
    Q: Ord + ?Sized

Removes a key from the map, returning the stored key and value if the key was previously in the map.

The key may be any borrowed form of the map’s key type, but the ordering on the borrowed form must match the ordering on the key type.

Examples
use scapegoat::SgMap;

let mut map = SgMap::<_, _, 10>::new();
map.insert(1, "a");
assert_eq!(map.remove_entry(&1), Some((1, "a")));
assert_eq!(map.remove_entry(&1), None);

Retains only the elements specified by the predicate.

In other words, remove all pairs (k, v) such that f(&k, &mut v) returns false. The elements are visited in ascending key order.

Examples
use scapegoat::SgMap;

let mut map: SgMap<i32, i32, 10> = (0..8).map(|x| (x, x*10)).collect();
// Keep only the elements with even-numbered keys.
map.retain(|&k, _| k % 2 == 0);
assert!(map.into_iter().eq(vec![(0, 0), (2, 20), (4, 40), (6, 60)]));

Splits the collection into two at the given key. Returns everything after the given key, including the key.

Examples
use scapegoat::SgMap;

let mut a = SgMap::<_, _, 10>::new();
a.insert(1, "a");
a.insert(2, "b");
a.insert(3, "c");
a.insert(17, "d");
a.insert(41, "e");

let b = a.split_off(&3);

assert_eq!(a.len(), 2);
assert_eq!(b.len(), 3);

assert_eq!(a[&1], "a");
assert_eq!(a[&2], "b");

assert_eq!(b[&3], "c");
assert_eq!(b[&17], "d");
assert_eq!(b[&41], "e");

Removes a key from the map, returning the value at the key if the key was previously in the map.

The key may be any borrowed form of the map’s key type, but the ordering on the borrowed form must match the ordering on the key type.

Examples
use scapegoat::SgMap;

let mut map = SgMap::<_, _, 10>::new();
map.insert(1, "a");
assert_eq!(map.remove(&1), Some("a"));
assert_eq!(map.remove(&1), None);

Returns the key-value pair corresponding to the supplied key.

The supplied key may be any borrowed form of the map’s key type, but the ordering on the borrowed form must match the ordering on the key type.

Examples
use scapegoat::SgMap;

let mut map = SgMap::<_, _, 10>::new();
map.insert(1, "a");
assert_eq!(map.get_key_value(&1), Some((&1, &"a")));
assert_eq!(map.get_key_value(&2), None);

Returns a reference to the value corresponding to the key.

The key may be any borrowed form of the map’s key type, but the ordering on the borrowed form must match the ordering on the key type.

Examples
use scapegoat::SgMap;

let mut map = SgMap::<_, _, 10>::new();
map.insert(1, "a");
assert_eq!(map.get(&1), Some(&"a"));
assert_eq!(map.get(&2), None);

The key may be any borrowed form of the map’s key type, but the ordering on the borrowed form must match the ordering on the key type.

Examples
use scapegoat::SgMap;

let mut map = SgMap::<_, _, 10>::new();
map.insert(1, "a");
if let Some(x) = map.get_mut(&1) {
    *x = "b";
}
assert_eq!(map[&1], "b");

Clears the map, removing all elements.

Examples
use scapegoat::SgMap;

let mut a = SgMap::<_, _, 10>::new();
a.insert(1, "a");
a.clear();
assert!(a.is_empty());

Returns true if the map contains a value for the specified key.

The key may be any borrowed form of the map’s key type, but the ordering on the borrowed form must match the ordering on the key type.

Examples
use scapegoat::SgMap;

let mut map = SgMap::<_, _, 10>::new();
map.insert(1, "a");
assert_eq!(map.contains_key(&1), true);
assert_eq!(map.contains_key(&2), false);

Returns true if the map contains no elements.

Examples
use scapegoat::SgMap;

let mut a = SgMap::<_, _, 10>::new();
assert!(a.is_empty());
a.insert(1, "a");
assert!(!a.is_empty());

Returns true if the map’s capacity is filled.

Examples
use scapegoat::SgMap;

let mut a = SgMap::<_, _, 2>::new();
a.insert(1, "a");
assert!(!a.is_full());
a.insert(2, "b");
assert!(a.is_full());

Returns a reference to the first key-value pair in the map. The key in this pair is the minimum key in the map.

Examples
use scapegoat::SgMap;

let mut map = SgMap::<_, _, 10>::new();
assert_eq!(map.first_key_value(), None);
map.insert(1, "b");
map.insert(2, "a");
assert_eq!(map.first_key_value(), Some((&1, &"b")));

Returns a reference to the first/minium key in the map, if any.

Examples
use scapegoat::SgMap;

let mut map = SgMap::<_, _, 10>::new();
assert_eq!(map.first_key_value(), None);
map.insert(1, "b");
map.insert(2, "a");
assert_eq!(map.first_key(), Some(&1));

Removes and returns the first element in the map. The key of this element is the minimum key that was in the map.

Examples

Draining elements in ascending order, while keeping a usable map each iteration.

use scapegoat::SgMap;

let mut map = SgMap::<_, _, 10>::new();
map.insert(1, "a");
map.insert(2, "b");
while let Some((key, _val)) = map.pop_first() {
    assert!((&map).into_iter().all(|(k, _v)| *k > key));
}
assert!(map.is_empty());

Returns a reference to the last key-value pair in the map. The key in this pair is the maximum key in the map.

Examples
use scapegoat::SgMap;

let mut map = SgMap::<_, _, 10>::new();
map.insert(1, "b");
map.insert(2, "a");
assert_eq!(map.last_key_value(), Some((&2, &"a")));

Returns a reference to the last/maximum key in the map, if any.

Examples
use scapegoat::SgMap;

let mut map = SgMap::<_, _, 10>::new();
map.insert(1, "b");
map.insert(2, "a");
assert_eq!(map.last_key(), Some(&2));

Removes and returns the last element in the map. The key of this element is the maximum key that was in the map.

Examples

Draining elements in descending order, while keeping a usable map each iteration.

use scapegoat::SgMap;

let mut map = SgMap::<_, _, 10>::new();
map.insert(1, "a");
map.insert(2, "b");
while let Some((key, _val)) = map.pop_last() {
    assert!((&map).into_iter().all(|(k, _v)| *k < key));
}
assert!(map.is_empty());

Returns the number of elements in the map.

Examples
use scapegoat::SgMap;

let mut a = SgMap::<_, _, 10>::new();
assert_eq!(a.len(), 0);
a.insert(1, "a");
assert_eq!(a.len(), 1);

Gets the given key’s corresponding entry in the map for in-place manipulation.

Examples

Basic usage:

use scapegoat::SgMap;

let mut count = SgMap::<&str, usize, 10>::new();

// count the number of occurrences of letters in the vec
for x in vec!["a", "b", "a", "c", "a", "b"] {
    *count.entry(x).or_insert(0) += 1;
}

assert_eq!(count["a"], 3);
source

pub fn first_entry(&mut self) -> Option<OccupiedEntry<'_, K, V, N>>

Returns the first entry in the map for in-place manipulation. The key of this entry is the minimum key in the map.

Examples
use scapegoat::SgMap;

let mut map = SgMap::<_, _, 10>::new();
map.insert(1, "a");
map.insert(2, "b");
if let Some(mut entry) = map.first_entry() {
    if *entry.key() > 0 {
        entry.insert("first");
    }
}
assert_eq!(*map.get(&1).unwrap(), "first");
assert_eq!(*map.get(&2).unwrap(), "b");
source

pub fn last_entry(&mut self) -> Option<OccupiedEntry<'_, K, V, N>>

Returns the last entry in the map for in-place manipulation. The key of this entry is the maximum key in the map.

Examples
use scapegoat::SgMap;

let mut map = SgMap::<_, _, 10>::new();
map.insert(1, "a");
map.insert(2, "b");
if let Some(mut entry) = map.last_entry() {
    if *entry.key() > 0 {
        entry.insert("last");
    }
}
assert_eq!(*map.get(&1).unwrap(), "a");
assert_eq!(*map.get(&2).unwrap(), "last");

Constructs a double-ended iterator over a sub-range of elements in the map. The simplest way is to use the range syntax min..max, thus range(min..max) will yield elements from min (inclusive) to max (exclusive). The range may also be entered as (Bound<T>, Bound<T>), so for example range((Excluded(4), Included(10))) will yield a left-exclusive, right-inclusive range from 4 to 10.

Panics

Panics if range start > end. Panics if range start == end and both bounds are Excluded.

Examples

Basic usage:

use scapegoat::SgMap;
use core::ops::Bound::Included;

let mut map = SgMap::<_, _, 10>::new();
map.insert(3, "a");
map.insert(5, "b");
map.insert(8, "c");
for (&key, &value) in map.range((Included(&4), Included(&8))) {
    println!("{}: {}", key, value);
}
assert_eq!(Some((&5, &"b")), map.range(4..).next());

Constructs a mutable single-ended iterator over a sub-range of elements in the map. The simplest way is to use the range syntax min..max, thus range(min..max) will yield elements from min (inclusive) to max (exclusive). The range may also be entered as (Bound<T>, Bound<T>), so for example range((Excluded(4), Included(10))) will yield a left-exclusive, right-inclusive range from 4 to 10.

Panics

Panics if range start > end. Panics if range start == end and both bounds are Excluded.

Examples

Basic usage:

use scapegoat::SgMap;

let mut map: SgMap<_, _, 10> = ["Alice", "Bob", "Carol", "Cheryl"]
    .iter()
    .map(|&s| (s, 0))
    .collect();
for (_, balance) in map.range_mut("B".."Cheryl") {
    *balance += 100;
}
for (name, balance) in &map {
    println!("{} => {}", name, balance);
}

assert_eq!(map["Alice"], 0);
assert_eq!(map["Bob"], 100);

Trait Implementations

Returns a copy of the value. Read more

Performs copy-assignment from source. Read more

Formats the value using the given formatter. Read more

Returns the “default value” for a type. Read more

Extends a collection with the contents of an iterator. Read more

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (extend_one)

Extends a collection with exactly one element.

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (extend_one)

Reserves capacity in a collection for the given number of additional elements. Read more

Extends a collection with the contents of an iterator. Read more

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (extend_one)

Extends a collection with exactly one element.

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (extend_one)

Reserves capacity in a collection for the given number of additional elements. Read more

use scapegoat::SgMap;

let map1 = SgMap::from([(1, 2), (3, 4)]);
let map2: SgMap<_, _, 2> = [(1, 2), (3, 4)].into();
assert_eq!(map1, map2);
Warning

TryFrom isn’t implemented because it would collide with the blanket implementation. See this open GitHub issue from 2018, this is a known Rust limitation that should be fixed via specialization in the future.

Creates a value from an iterator. Read more

Feeds this value into the given Hasher. Read more

Feeds a slice of this type into the given Hasher. Read more

Returns a reference to the value corresponding to the supplied key.

Panics

Panics if the key is not present in the SgMap.

The returned type after indexing.

The type of the elements being iterated over.

Which kind of iterator are we turning this into?

Creates an iterator from a value. Read more

The type of the elements being iterated over.

Which kind of iterator are we turning this into?

Creates an iterator from a value. Read more

This method returns an Ordering between self and other. Read more

Compares and returns the maximum of two values. Read more

Compares and returns the minimum of two values. Read more

Restrict a value to a certain interval. Read more

This method tests for self and other values to be equal, and is used by ==. Read more

This method tests for !=.

This method returns an ordering between self and other values if one exists. Read more

This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator. Read more

This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator. Read more

This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator. Read more

This method tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator. Read more

Auto Trait Implementations

Blanket Implementations

Gets the TypeId of self. Read more

Immutably borrows from an owned value. Read more

Mutably borrows from an owned value. Read more

Performs the conversion.

Performs the conversion.

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.

Performs the conversion.

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.

Performs the conversion.