1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226

//! `rustix` provides efficient memory-safe and [I/O-safe] wrappers to
//! POSIX-like, Unix-like, Linux, and Winsock2 syscall-like APIs, with
//! configurable backends.
//!
//! With rustix, you can write code like this:
//!
//! ```rust
//! # #[cfg(feature = "net")]
//! # fn read(sock: std::net::TcpStream, buf: &mut [u8]) -> std::io::Result<()> {
//! # use rustix::net::RecvFlags;
//! let nread: usize = rustix::net::recv(&sock, buf, RecvFlags::PEEK)?;
//! # let _ = nread;
//! # Ok(())
//! # }
//! ```
//!
//! instead of like this:
//!
//! ```rust
//! # #[cfg(feature = "net")]
//! # fn read(sock: std::net::TcpStream, buf: &mut [u8]) -> std::io::Result<()> {
//! # use std::convert::TryInto;
//! # #[cfg(unix)]
//! # use std::os::unix::io::AsRawFd;
//! # #[cfg(target_os = "wasi")]
//! # use std::os::wasi::io::AsRawFd;
//! # #[cfg(windows)]
//! # use windows_sys::Win32::Networking::WinSock as libc;
//! # #[cfg(windows)]
//! # use std::os::windows::io::AsRawSocket;
//! # const MSG_PEEK: i32 = libc::MSG_PEEK;
//! let nread: usize = unsafe {
//!     #[cfg(any(unix, target_os = "wasi"))]
//!     let raw = sock.as_raw_fd();
//!     #[cfg(windows)]
//!     let raw = sock.as_raw_socket();
//!     match libc::recv(
//!         raw as _,
//!         buf.as_mut_ptr().cast(),
//!         buf.len().try_into().unwrap_or(i32::MAX as _),
//!         MSG_PEEK,
//!     ) {
//!         -1 => return Err(std::io::Error::last_os_error()),
//!         nread => nread as usize,
//!     }
//! };
//! # let _ = nread;
//! # Ok(())
//! # }
//! ```
//!
//! rustix's APIs perform the following tasks:
//!  - Error values are translated to [`Result`]s.
//!  - Buffers are passed as Rust slices.
//!  - Out-parameters are presented as return values.
//!  - Path arguments use [`Arg`], so they accept any string type.
//!  - File descriptors are passed and returned via [`AsFd`] and [`OwnedFd`]
//!    instead of bare integers, ensuring I/O safety.
//!  - Constants use `enum`s and [`bitflags`] types.
//!  - Multiplexed functions (eg. `fcntl`, `ioctl`, etc.) are de-multiplexed.
//!  - Variadic functions (eg. `openat`, etc.) are presented as non-variadic.
//!  - Functions and types which need `l` prefixes or `64` suffixes to enable
//!    large-file support are used automatically, and file sizes and offsets
//!    are presented as `u64` and `i64`.
//!  - Behaviors that depend on the sizes of C types like `long` are hidden.
//!  - In some places, more human-friendly and less historical-accident names
//!    are used (and documentation aliases are used so that the original names
//!    can still be searched for).
//!  - Provide y2038 compatibility, on platforms which support this.
//!  - Correct selected platform bugs, such as behavioral differences when
//!    running under seccomp.
//!
//! Things they don't do include:
//!  - Detecting whether functions are supported at runtime.
//!  - Hiding significant differences between platforms.
//!  - Restricting ambient authorities.
//!  - Imposing sandboxing features such as filesystem path or network address
//!    sandboxing.
//!
//! See [`cap-std`], [`system-interface`], and [`io-streams`] for libraries
//! which do hide significant differences between platforms, and [`cap-std`]
//! which does perform sandboxing and restricts ambient authorities.
//!
//! [`cap-std`]: https://crates.io/crates/cap-std
//! [`system-interface`]: https://crates.io/crates/system-interface
//! [`io-streams`]: https://crates.io/crates/io-streams
//! [`getrandom`]: https://crates.io/crates/getrandom
//! [`bitflags`]: https://crates.io/crates/bitflags
//! [`AsFd`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/os/unix/io/trait.AsFd.html
//! [`OwnedFd`]: https://docs.rs/io-lifetimes/latest/io_lifetimes/struct.OwnedFd.html
//! [io-lifetimes crate]: https://crates.io/crates/io-lifetimes
//! [I/O-safe]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/3128-io-safety.md
//! [`Result`]: https://docs.rs/rustix/latest/rustix/io/type.Result.html
//! [`Arg`]: https://docs.rs/rustix/latest/rustix/path/trait.Arg.html

#![deny(missing_docs)]
#![allow(stable_features)]
#![cfg_attr(linux_raw, deny(unsafe_code))]
#![cfg_attr(rustc_attrs, feature(rustc_attrs))]
#![cfg_attr(doc_cfg, feature(doc_cfg))]
#![cfg_attr(all(target_os = "wasi", feature = "std"), feature(wasi_ext))]
#![cfg_attr(
    all(linux_raw, naked_functions, target_arch = "x86"),
    feature(naked_functions)
)]
#![cfg_attr(io_lifetimes_use_std, feature(io_safety))]
#![cfg_attr(core_ffi_c, feature(core_ffi_c))]
#![cfg_attr(core_c_str, feature(core_c_str))]
#![cfg_attr(alloc_c_string, feature(alloc_ffi))]
#![cfg_attr(alloc_c_string, feature(alloc_c_string))]
#![cfg_attr(not(feature = "std"), no_std)]
#![cfg_attr(feature = "rustc-dep-of-std", feature(core_intrinsics))]
#![cfg_attr(feature = "rustc-dep-of-std", feature(ip))]
#![cfg_attr(
    all(not(feature = "rustc-dep-of-std"), core_intrinsics),
    feature(core_intrinsics)
)]
#![cfg_attr(asm_experimental_arch, feature(asm_experimental_arch))]
#![cfg_attr(not(feature = "all-apis"), allow(dead_code))]
// Clamp depends on Rust 1.50 which is newer than our MSRV.
#![allow(clippy::manual_clamp)]
// It is common in linux and libc APIs for types to vary between platforms.
#![allow(clippy::unnecessary_cast)]
// It is common in linux and libc APIs for types to vary between platforms.
#![allow(clippy::useless_conversion)]

#[cfg(not(feature = "rustc-dep-of-std"))]
extern crate alloc;

// Internal utilities.
#[cfg(not(windows))]
#[macro_use]
pub(crate) mod cstr;
#[macro_use]
pub(crate) mod const_assert;
pub(crate) mod utils;

// Pick the backend implementation to use.
#[cfg_attr(libc, path = "backend/libc/mod.rs")]
#[cfg_attr(linux_raw, path = "backend/linux_raw/mod.rs")]
#[cfg_attr(wasi, path = "backend/wasi/mod.rs")]
mod backend;

/// Export the `*Fd` types and traits that are used in rustix's public API.
///
/// Users can use this to avoid needing to import anything else to use the same
/// versions of these types and traits.
pub mod fd {
    use super::backend;
    #[cfg(windows)]
    pub use backend::fd::AsSocket;
    pub use backend::fd::{AsFd, AsRawFd, BorrowedFd, FromRawFd, IntoRawFd, OwnedFd, RawFd};
}

// The public API modules.
#[cfg(not(windows))]
pub mod ffi;
#[cfg(not(windows))]
#[cfg(feature = "fs")]
#[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(feature = "fs")))]
pub mod fs;
pub mod io;
#[cfg(any(target_os = "android", target_os = "linux"))]
#[cfg(feature = "io_uring")]
#[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(feature = "io_uring")))]
pub mod io_uring;
#[cfg(not(any(windows, target_os = "wasi")))]
#[cfg(feature = "mm")]
#[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(feature = "mm")))]
pub mod mm;
#[cfg(not(any(target_os = "redox", target_os = "wasi")))]
#[cfg(feature = "net")]
#[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(feature = "net")))]
pub mod net;
#[cfg(not(windows))]
#[cfg(feature = "param")]
#[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(feature = "param")))]
pub mod param;
#[cfg(not(windows))]
#[cfg(any(feature = "fs", feature = "net"))]
#[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(any(feature = "fs", feature = "net"))))]
pub mod path;
#[cfg(not(windows))]
#[cfg(feature = "process")]
#[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(feature = "process")))]
pub mod process;
#[cfg(not(windows))]
#[cfg(feature = "rand")]
#[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(feature = "rand")))]
pub mod rand;
#[cfg(not(windows))]
#[cfg(feature = "termios")]
#[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(feature = "termios")))]
pub mod termios;
#[cfg(not(windows))]
#[cfg(feature = "thread")]
#[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(feature = "thread")))]
pub mod thread;
#[cfg(not(windows))]
#[cfg(feature = "time")]
#[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(feature = "time")))]
pub mod time;

// "runtime" is also a public API module, but it's only for libc-like users.
#[cfg(not(windows))]
#[cfg(feature = "runtime")]
#[doc(hidden)]
#[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(feature = "runtime")))]
pub mod runtime;

// We have some internal interdependencies in the API features, so for now,
// for API features that aren't enabled, declare them as `pub(crate)` so
// that they're not public, but still available for internal use.

#[cfg(not(windows))]
#[cfg(all(
    not(feature = "param"),
    any(feature = "runtime", feature = "time", target_arch = "x86"),
))]
pub(crate) mod param;
#[cfg(not(windows))]
#[cfg(not(any(feature = "fs", feature = "net")))]
pub(crate) mod path;
#[cfg(not(windows))]
#[cfg(not(feature = "process"))]
pub(crate) mod process;