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#![allow(clippy::needless_doctest_main)]
//! Holds the tokio implementation of an async process.
//!
//! All potentially blocking interactions are performed async, including the dropping
//! of child processes (on *nix platforms).
//!
//! # Spawning an owned tokio process
//!
//! ```no_run
//! use tokio::process::Command;
//! use pwner::Spawner;
//!
//! Command::new("ls").spawn_owned().expect("ls command failed to start");
//! ```
//!
//! # Reading from the process
//!
//! ```no_run
//! # async fn wrapper() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
//! use tokio::io::AsyncReadExt;
//! use tokio::process::Command;
//! use pwner::Spawner;
//!
//! let mut child = Command::new("ls").spawn_owned()?;
//! let mut output = String::new();
//! child.read_to_string(&mut output).await?;
//! # Ok(())
//! # }
//! ```
//!
//! # Writing to the process
//!
//! ```no_run
//! # async fn wrapper() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
//! use tokio::io::{AsyncReadExt, AsyncWriteExt};
//! use tokio::process::Command;
//! use pwner::Spawner;
//!
//! let mut child = Command::new("cat").spawn_owned()?;
//! child.write_all(b"hello\n").await?;
//!
//! let mut buffer = [0_u8; 10];
//! child.read(&mut buffer).await?;
//! # Ok(())
//! # }
//! ```
//!
//! # Graceful dropping
//!
//! **Note:** Only available on *nix platforms.
//!
//! When the owned process gets dropped, [`Process`](crate::Process) will try to kill it gracefully
//! by sending a `SIGINT` and asynchronously wait for the process to die for 2 seconds. If the
//! process still doesn't die, a `SIGTERM` is sent and another chance is given, until finally a
//! `SIGKILL` is sent.
//!
//! ## Panics
//!
//! If the process is dropped without a tokio runtime, a panic will occur.
//!
//! ```should_panic
//! use tokio::process::Command;
//! use pwner::Spawner;
//!
//! {
//! let child = Command::new("ls").spawn_owned().expect("ls command failed to start");
//! }
//! ```
//!
//! Make sure that a runtime is available to kill the child process
//!
//! ```
//! use tokio::process::Command;
//! use pwner::Spawner;
//!
//! #[tokio::main(flavor = "current_thread")]
//! async fn main() {
//! let child = Command::new("ls").spawn_owned().expect("ls command failed to start");
//! }
//! ```
/// Possible sources to read from
#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]
pub enum ReadSource {
/// Read from the child's stdout
Stdout,
/// Read from the child's stderr
Stderr,
/// Read from whichever has data available, the child's stdout or stderr
Both,
}
/// An implementation of [`Process`](crate::Process) that uses [`tokio::process`] as the launcher.
///
/// All read and write operations are async.
///
/// **Note:** On *nix platforms, the owned process will have 2 seconds between signals, which is
/// run in a spawned task.
///
/// # Panics
///
/// When, on *nix platforms, a process gets dropped without a runtime.
pub struct Duplex(Simplex, Output);
impl super::Spawner for tokio::process::Command {
type Output = Duplex;
fn spawn_owned(&mut self) -> std::io::Result<Self::Output> {
let mut process = self
.stdin(std::process::Stdio::piped())
.stdout(std::process::Stdio::piped())
.stderr(std::process::Stdio::piped())
.spawn()?;
let stdin = process.stdin.take().unwrap();
let stdout = process.stdout.take().unwrap();
let stderr = process.stderr.take().unwrap();
Ok(Duplex(
Simplex(Some(ProcessImpl { process, stdin })),
Output {
read_source: ReadSource::Both,
stdout,
stderr,
},
))
}
}
impl super::Process for Duplex {}
impl Duplex {
/// Returns the OS-assigned process identifier associated with this child.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// Basic usage:
///
/// ```no_run
/// use tokio::process::Command;
/// use pwner::Spawner;
///
/// let mut command = Command::new("ls");
/// if let Ok(child) = command.spawn_owned() {
/// match child.id() {
/// Some(pid) => println!("Child's ID is {}", pid),
/// None => println!("Child has already exited"),
/// }
/// } else {
/// println!("ls command didn't start");
/// }
/// ```
#[must_use]
pub fn id(&self) -> Option<u32> {
self.0.id()
}
/// Choose which pipe to read form next.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// Basic usage:
///
/// ```no_run
/// # async {
/// use tokio::io::AsyncReadExt;
/// use tokio::process::Command;
/// use pwner::Spawner;
/// use pwner::tokio::ReadSource;
///
/// let mut child = Command::new("ls").spawn_owned().unwrap();
/// let mut buffer = [0_u8; 1024];
///
/// child.read_from(ReadSource::Both).read(&mut buffer).await.unwrap();
/// # };
/// ```
pub fn read_from(&mut self, read_source: ReadSource) -> &mut Self {
self.1.read_from(read_source);
self
}
/// Waits for the child to exit completely, returning the status with which it exited, stdout,
/// and stderr.
///
/// The stdin handle to the child process, if any, will be closed before waiting. This helps
/// avoid deadlock: it ensures that the child does not block waiting for input from the parent,
/// while the parent waits for the child to exit.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// Basic usage:
///
/// ```no_run
/// # async {
/// use pwner::Spawner;
/// use tokio::io::{AsyncReadExt, BufReader};
/// use tokio::process::Command;
///
/// let child = Command::new("ls").spawn_owned().unwrap();
/// let (status, stdout, stderr) = child.wait().await.unwrap();
///
/// let mut buffer = String::new();
/// if status.success() {
/// let mut reader = BufReader::new(stdout);
/// reader.read_to_string(&mut buffer).await.unwrap();
/// } else {
/// let mut reader = BufReader::new(stderr);
/// reader.read_to_string(&mut buffer).await.unwrap();
/// }
/// # };
/// ```
///
/// # Errors
///
/// Relays the error from [`tokio::process::Child::wait()`]
pub async fn wait(
self,
) -> Result<
(
std::process::ExitStatus,
tokio::process::ChildStdout,
tokio::process::ChildStderr,
),
std::io::Error,
> {
let (mut child, _, stdout, stderr) = self.eject();
child.wait().await.map(|status| (status, stdout, stderr))
}
/// Decomposes the handle into mutable references to the pipes.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// Basic usage:
///
/// ```no_run
/// # async {
/// use tokio::io::{ AsyncReadExt, AsyncWriteExt };
/// use tokio::process::Command;
/// use pwner::Spawner;
///
/// let mut child = Command::new("cat").spawn_owned().unwrap();
/// let mut buffer = [0_u8; 1024];
/// let (stdin, stdout, _) = child.pipes();
///
/// stdin.write_all(b"hello\n").await.unwrap();
/// stdout.read(&mut buffer).await.unwrap();
/// # };
/// ```
pub fn pipes(
&mut self,
) -> (
&mut tokio::process::ChildStdin,
&mut tokio::process::ChildStdout,
&mut tokio::process::ChildStderr,
) {
(self.0.stdin(), &mut self.1.stdout, &mut self.1.stderr)
}
/// Separates the process and its input from the output pipes. Ownership is retained by a
/// [`Simplex`] which still implements a graceful drop of the child process.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// Basic usage:
///
/// ```no_run
/// # async {
/// use tokio::io::{ AsyncReadExt, AsyncWriteExt };
/// use tokio::process::Command;
/// use pwner::Spawner;
///
/// let child = Command::new("cat").spawn_owned().unwrap();
/// let (mut input_only_process, mut output) = child.decompose();
///
/// // Spawn printing task
/// tokio::spawn(async move {
/// let mut buffer = [0; 1024];
/// while let Ok(bytes) = output.read(&mut buffer).await {
/// if let Ok(string) = std::str::from_utf8(&buffer[..bytes]) {
/// print!("{}", string);
/// }
/// }
/// });
///
/// // Interact normally with the child process
/// input_only_process.write_all(b"hello\n").await.unwrap();
/// # };
/// ```
#[must_use]
pub fn decompose(self) -> (Simplex, Output) {
(self.0, self.1)
}
/// Completely releases the ownership of the child process. The raw underlying process and
/// pipes are returned and no wrapping function is applicable any longer.
///
/// **Note:** By ejecting the process, graceful drop will no longer be available.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// Basic usage:
///
/// ```no_run
/// # async {
/// use tokio::io::{ AsyncReadExt, AsyncWriteExt };
/// use tokio::process::Command;
/// use pwner::Spawner;
///
/// let mut child = Command::new("cat").spawn_owned().unwrap();
/// let mut buffer = [0_u8; 1024];
/// let (process, mut stdin, mut stdout, _) = child.eject();
///
/// stdin.write_all(b"hello\n").await.unwrap();
/// stdout.read(&mut buffer).await.unwrap();
///
/// // Graceful drop will not be executed for `child` as the ejected variable leaves scope here
/// # };
/// ```
#[must_use]
pub fn eject(
self,
) -> (
tokio::process::Child,
tokio::process::ChildStdin,
tokio::process::ChildStdout,
tokio::process::ChildStderr,
) {
let (process, stdin) = self.0.eject();
let (stdout, stderr) = self.1.eject();
(process, stdin, stdout, stderr)
}
/// Consumes the process to allow awaiting for shutdown.
///
/// This method is essentially the same as a `drop`, however it return a `Future` which allows
/// the parent to await the shutdown.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// Basic usage:
///
/// ```no_run
/// # async {
/// use tokio::process::Command;
/// use pwner::Spawner;
///
/// let child = Command::new("top").spawn_owned().unwrap();
/// child.shutdown().await.unwrap();
/// # };
/// ```
///
/// # Errors
///
/// * [`std::io::Error`] if failure when killing the process.
pub async fn shutdown(self) -> std::io::Result<std::process::ExitStatus> {
self.0.shutdown().await
}
}
impl tokio::io::AsyncWrite for Duplex {
fn poll_write(
mut self: std::pin::Pin<&mut Self>,
ctx: &mut std::task::Context<'_>,
buf: &[u8],
) -> std::task::Poll<std::io::Result<usize>> {
std::pin::Pin::new(&mut self.0).poll_write(ctx, buf)
}
fn poll_flush(
mut self: std::pin::Pin<&mut Self>,
ctx: &mut std::task::Context<'_>,
) -> std::task::Poll<std::io::Result<()>> {
std::pin::Pin::new(&mut self.0).poll_flush(ctx)
}
fn poll_shutdown(
mut self: std::pin::Pin<&mut Self>,
ctx: &mut std::task::Context<'_>,
) -> std::task::Poll<std::io::Result<()>> {
std::pin::Pin::new(&mut self.0).poll_shutdown(ctx)
}
}
impl tokio::io::AsyncRead for Duplex {
fn poll_read(
mut self: std::pin::Pin<&mut Self>,
ctx: &mut std::task::Context<'_>,
buf: &mut tokio::io::ReadBuf<'_>,
) -> std::task::Poll<std::io::Result<()>> {
std::pin::Pin::new(&mut self.1).poll_read(ctx, buf)
}
}
/// An implementation of [`Process`](crate::Process) that is stripped from any output
/// pipes.
///
/// All write operations are async.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```no_run
/// use tokio::process::Command;
/// use pwner::Spawner;
///
/// let mut command = Command::new("ls");
/// if let Ok(child) = command.spawn_owned() {
/// let (input_only_process, _) = child.decompose();
/// } else {
/// println!("ls command didn't start");
/// }
/// ```
///
/// **Note:** On *nix platforms, the owned process will have 2 seconds between signals, which is a
/// blocking wait.
#[allow(clippy::module_name_repetitions)]
pub struct Simplex(Option<ProcessImpl>);
impl super::Process for Simplex {}
impl Simplex {
/// Returns the OS-assigned process identifier associated with this child.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// Basic usage:
///
/// ```no_run
/// use tokio::process::Command;
/// use pwner::Spawner;
///
/// let mut command = Command::new("ls");
/// if let Ok(child) = command.spawn_owned() {
/// let (process, _) = child.decompose();
/// match process.id() {
/// Some(pid) => println!("Child's ID is {}", pid),
/// None => println!("Child has already exited"),
/// }
/// } else {
/// println!("ls command didn't start");
/// }
/// ```
#[must_use]
pub fn id(&self) -> Option<u32> {
self.0
.as_ref()
.unwrap_or_else(|| unreachable!())
.process
.id()
}
fn stdin(&mut self) -> &mut tokio::process::ChildStdin {
&mut self.0.as_mut().unwrap().stdin
}
/// Waits for the child to exit completely, returning the status with which it exited.
///
/// The stdin handle to the child process, if any, will be closed before waiting. This helps
/// avoid deadlock: it ensures that the child does not block waiting for input from the parent,
/// while the parent waits for the child to exit.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// Basic usage:
///
/// ```no_run
/// # async {
/// use pwner::{tokio::ReadSource, Spawner};
/// use tokio::io::{AsyncReadExt, AsyncWriteExt, BufReader};
/// use tokio::process::Command;
///
/// let (mut child, mut output) = Command::new("cat").spawn_owned().unwrap().decompose();
///
/// child.write_all(b"Hello\n").await.unwrap();
/// let status = child.wait().await.unwrap();
///
/// let mut buffer = String::new();
/// if status.success() {
/// output.read_from(ReadSource::Stdout);
/// } else {
/// output.read_from(ReadSource::Stderr);
/// }
/// let mut reader = BufReader::new(output);
/// reader.read_to_string(&mut buffer).await.unwrap();
/// # };
/// ```
///
/// # Errors
///
/// Relays the error from [`tokio::process::Child::wait()`]
pub async fn wait(self) -> Result<std::process::ExitStatus, std::io::Error> {
let (mut child, _) = self.eject();
child.wait().await
}
/// Completely releases the ownership of the child process. The raw underlying process and
/// pipes are returned and no wrapping function is applicable any longer.
///
/// **Note:** By ejecting the process, graceful drop will no longer be available.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// Basic usage:
///
/// ```no_run
/// # async {
/// use tokio::io::{ AsyncReadExt, AsyncWriteExt };
/// use tokio::process::Command;
/// use pwner::Spawner;
///
/// let (child, mut output) = Command::new("cat").spawn_owned().unwrap().decompose();
/// let mut buffer = [0_u8; 1024];
/// let (process, mut stdin) = child.eject();
///
/// stdin.write_all(b"hello\n").await.unwrap();
/// output.read(&mut buffer).await.unwrap();
///
/// // Graceful drop will not be executed for `child` as the ejected variable leaves scope here
/// # };
/// ```
#[must_use]
pub fn eject(mut self) -> (tokio::process::Child, tokio::process::ChildStdin) {
let process = self.0.take().unwrap_or_else(|| unreachable!());
(process.process, process.stdin)
}
/// Consumes the process to allow awaiting for shutdown.
///
/// This method is essentially the same as a `drop`, however it return a `Future` which allows
/// the parent to await the shutdown.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// Basic usage:
///
/// ```no_run
/// # async {
/// use tokio::process::Command;
/// use pwner::Spawner;
///
/// let (child, _) = Command::new("top").spawn_owned().unwrap().decompose();
/// child.shutdown().await.unwrap();
/// # };
/// ```
///
/// # Errors
///
/// If failure when killing the process.
pub async fn shutdown(mut self) -> std::io::Result<std::process::ExitStatus> {
match self
.0
.take()
.unwrap_or_else(|| unreachable!())
.shutdown()
.await
{
Ok(status) => Ok(status),
Err(super::UnixIoError::Io(err)) => Err(err),
Err(super::UnixIoError::Unix(err)) => {
Err(std::io::Error::from_raw_os_error(err as i32))
}
}
}
}
impl std::ops::Drop for Simplex {
fn drop(&mut self) {
if self.0.is_some() {
tokio::spawn(self.0.take().unwrap().shutdown());
}
}
}
impl tokio::io::AsyncWrite for Simplex {
fn poll_write(
mut self: std::pin::Pin<&mut Self>,
ctx: &mut std::task::Context<'_>,
buf: &[u8],
) -> std::task::Poll<std::io::Result<usize>> {
std::pin::Pin::new(&mut self.0.as_mut().unwrap().stdin).poll_write(ctx, buf)
}
fn poll_flush(
mut self: std::pin::Pin<&mut Self>,
ctx: &mut std::task::Context<'_>,
) -> std::task::Poll<std::io::Result<()>> {
std::pin::Pin::new(&mut self.0.as_mut().unwrap().stdin).poll_flush(ctx)
}
fn poll_shutdown(
mut self: std::pin::Pin<&mut Self>,
ctx: &mut std::task::Context<'_>,
) -> std::task::Poll<std::io::Result<()>> {
std::pin::Pin::new(&mut self.0.as_mut().unwrap().stdin).poll_shutdown(ctx)
}
}
/// A readable handle for both the stdout and stderr of the child process.
pub struct Output {
read_source: ReadSource,
stdout: tokio::process::ChildStdout,
stderr: tokio::process::ChildStderr,
}
impl Output {
/// Choose which pipe to read form next.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// Basic usage:
///
/// ```no_run
/// # async {
/// use tokio::io::AsyncReadExt;
/// use tokio::process::Command;
/// use pwner::Spawner;
/// use pwner::tokio::ReadSource;
///
/// let (process, mut output) = Command::new("ls").spawn_owned().unwrap().decompose();
/// let mut buffer = [0_u8; 1024];
/// output.read_from(ReadSource::Stdout).read(&mut buffer).await.unwrap();
/// # };
/// ```
pub fn read_from(&mut self, read_source: ReadSource) -> &mut Self {
self.read_source = read_source;
self
}
/// Decomposes the handle into mutable references to the pipes.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// Basic usage:
///
/// ```no_run
/// # async {
/// use tokio::io::AsyncReadExt;
/// use tokio::process::Command;
/// use pwner::Spawner;
///
/// let (process, mut output) = Command::new("ls").spawn_owned().unwrap().decompose();
/// let mut buffer = [0_u8; 1024];
/// let (stdout, stderr) = output.pipes();
///
/// stdout.read(&mut buffer).await.unwrap();
/// # };
/// ```
pub fn pipes(
&mut self,
) -> (
&mut tokio::process::ChildStdout,
&mut tokio::process::ChildStderr,
) {
(&mut self.stdout, &mut self.stderr)
}
/// Consumes this struct returning the containing pipes.
#[must_use]
pub fn eject(self) -> (tokio::process::ChildStdout, tokio::process::ChildStderr) {
(self.stdout, self.stderr)
}
}
impl tokio::io::AsyncRead for Output {
fn poll_read(
mut self: std::pin::Pin<&mut Self>,
cx: &mut std::task::Context<'_>,
buf: &mut tokio::io::ReadBuf<'_>,
) -> std::task::Poll<std::io::Result<()>> {
match self.read_source {
ReadSource::Stdout => std::pin::Pin::new(&mut self.stdout).poll_read(cx, buf),
ReadSource::Stderr => std::pin::Pin::new(&mut self.stderr).poll_read(cx, buf),
ReadSource::Both => {
let stderr = std::pin::Pin::new(&mut self.stderr).poll_read(cx, buf);
if stderr.is_ready() {
stderr
} else {
std::pin::Pin::new(&mut self.stdout).poll_read(cx, buf)
}
}
}
}
}
struct ProcessImpl {
process: tokio::process::Child,
stdin: tokio::process::ChildStdin,
}
impl ProcessImpl {
// Allowed because we are already assuming *nix
#[allow(clippy::cast_possible_wrap)]
#[cfg(unix)]
pub fn pid(&self) -> Option<nix::unistd::Pid> {
self.process
.id()
.map(|pid| nix::unistd::Pid::from_raw(pid as nix::libc::pid_t))
}
#[cfg(not(unix))]
async fn shutdown(mut self) -> std::io::Result<std::process::ExitStatus> {
self.process.kill();
self.process.await
}
#[cfg(unix)]
async fn shutdown(mut self) -> Result<std::process::ExitStatus, super::UnixIoError> {
// Copy the pid if the child has not exited yet
let pid = match self.process.try_wait() {
Ok(None) => self.pid().unwrap(),
Ok(Some(status)) => return Ok(status),
Err(err) => return Err(super::UnixIoError::from(err)),
};
// Pin the process
let mut process = self.process;
let mut process = std::pin::Pin::new(&mut process);
{
use nix::sys::signal;
use std::time::Duration;
use tokio::time::timeout;
if timeout(Duration::from_secs(2), process.wait())
.await
.is_err()
{
// Try SIGINT
signal::kill(pid, signal::SIGINT)?;
}
if timeout(Duration::from_secs(2), process.wait())
.await
.is_err()
{
// Try SIGTERM
signal::kill(pid, signal::SIGTERM)?;
}
if timeout(Duration::from_secs(2), process.wait())
.await
.is_err()
{
// Go for the kill
process.kill().await?;
}
}
// Block until process is freed
process.wait().await.map_err(super::UnixIoError::from)
}
}
#[cfg(all(test, unix))]
mod test {
use crate::Spawner;
#[tokio::test]
async fn read() {
use tokio::io::AsyncReadExt;
let mut child = tokio::process::Command::new("sh")
.arg("-c")
.arg("echo hello")
.spawn_owned()
.unwrap();
let mut output = String::new();
assert!(child.read_to_string(&mut output).await.is_ok());
assert_eq!("hello\n", output);
}
#[tokio::test]
async fn write() {
use tokio::io::{AsyncReadExt, AsyncWriteExt};
let mut child = tokio::process::Command::new("cat").spawn_owned().unwrap();
assert!(child.write_all(b"hello\n").await.is_ok());
let mut buffer = [0_u8; 10];
let bytes = child.read(&mut buffer).await.unwrap();
assert_eq!("hello\n", std::str::from_utf8(&buffer[..bytes]).unwrap());
}
#[tokio::test]
async fn test_drop_does_not_panic() {
let child = tokio::process::Command::new("ls").spawn_owned().unwrap();
let mut child = child.0;
assert!(child.0.take().unwrap().shutdown().await.is_ok());
}
}