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use std::fmt;
use std::result::Result;

/// Returns a `String` showing octets grouped in 4-byte words. 
pub fn simple_hex<T: AsRef<[u8]>>(source: &T) -> String {
    let mut writer = String::new();
    simple_hex_write(&mut writer, source).unwrap_or(());
    writer
}

/// Return a multi-line `String` complete with addressing, hex digits, and ASCII representation. 
pub fn pretty_hex<T: AsRef<[u8]>>(source: &T) -> String {
    let mut writer = String::new();
    pretty_hex_write(&mut writer, source).unwrap_or(());
    writer
}

const COLS: usize = 16;
const CHNK: usize = 4;
const NASCI: char = '.';

/// Dump hex octets grouped in 4-byte words to the writer. 
pub fn simple_hex_write<T, W>(writer: &mut W, source: &T) -> Result<(), fmt::Error>
    where T: AsRef<[u8]>
        , W: fmt::Write
{
    for (i,x) in source.as_ref().iter().enumerate() {
        write!(writer, "{:02x}{}", x,
            match i+1 {
                n if n == source.as_ref().len() => "",
                n if n % CHNK == 0 => "  ",
                _ => " ",
            } 
        )?;
    }
    Ok(())
}

/// Write multi-line dump complete with addressing, hex digits, and ASCII representation to the writer.
pub fn pretty_hex_write<T, W>(writer: &mut W, source: &T) -> Result<(), fmt::Error>
    where T: AsRef<[u8]>
        , W: fmt::Write
{
    writeln!(writer, "Length: {0} (0x{0:x}) bytes", source.as_ref().len())?;
    let chunks = source.as_ref().chunks(COLS);
    let lines = chunks.len();
    for (i, row) in chunks.enumerate() {
        write!(writer, "{:04x}:   ", i * COLS)?;
        simple_hex_write(writer, &row)?;
        let pad = COLS - row.len();
        let pad = pad * 3 + pad / CHNK;
        for _ in 0..pad { 
            writer.write_char(' ')?; 
        }
        write!(writer, "   ")?;
        for x in row {
            writer.write_char(
                if x.is_ascii() && !x.is_ascii_control() { (*x).into() } 
                else { NASCI }
            )?;
        }
        if i+1 < lines {
            writeln!(writer, "")?;
        }
    }
    Ok(())
}

/// Reference wrapper for use in arguments formatting.
pub struct Hex<'a, T: 'a>(&'a T);

impl<'a, T:'a + AsRef<[u8]>> fmt::Display for Hex<'a, T> {
    /// Formats the value by `simple_hex_write` using the given formatter.
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> Result<(), fmt::Error> {
        simple_hex_write(f, self.0)
    }
}

impl<'a, T:'a + AsRef<[u8]>> fmt::Debug for Hex<'a, T> {
    /// Formats the value by `pretty_hex_write` using the given formatter.
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> Result<(), fmt::Error> {
        pretty_hex_write(f, self.0)
    }
}

/// Allows generates hex dumps to a formatter.
pub trait PrettyHex: Sized {
    /// Wrap self reference for use in `std::fmt::Display`/`std::fmt::Debug` formatiing as hex dumps.
    fn hex_dump<'a>(&'a self) -> Hex<'a, Self>;
}

impl PrettyHex for Vec<u8> {
    fn hex_dump<'a>(&'a self) -> Hex<'a, Self> { Hex(self) }
}

impl<'a> PrettyHex for &'a [u8] {
    fn hex_dump<'b>(&'b self) -> Hex<'b, Self> { Hex(self) }
}

impl<'a> PrettyHex for &'a mut [u8] {
    fn hex_dump<'b>(&'b self) -> Hex<'b, Self> { Hex(self) }
}