//! Compute dominators of a control-flow graph.
//!
//! # The Dominance Relation
//!
//! In a directed graph with a root node **R**, a node **A** is said to *dominate* a
//! node **B** iff every path from **R** to **B** contains **A**.
//!
//! The node **A** is said to *strictly dominate* the node **B** iff **A** dominates
//! **B** and **A ≠ B**.
//!
//! The node **A** is said to be the *immediate dominator* of a node **B** iff it
//! strictly dominates **B** and there does not exist any node **C** where **A**
//! dominates **C** and **C** dominates **B**.

use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};
use std::hash::Hash;

use visit::{DfsPostOrder, GraphBase, IntoNeighbors, Visitable, Walker};

/// The dominance relation for some graph and root.
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct Dominators<N>
    where N: Copy + Eq + Hash
{
    root: N,
    dominators: HashMap<N, N>,
}

impl<N> Dominators<N>
    where N: Copy + Eq + Hash
{
    /// Get the root node used to construct these dominance relations.
    pub fn root(&self) -> N {
        self.root
    }

    /// Get the immediate dominator of the given node.
    ///
    /// Returns `None` for any node that is not reachable from the root, and for
    /// the root itself.
    pub fn immediate_dominator(&self, node: N) -> Option<N> {
        if node == self.root {
            None
        } else {
            self.dominators.get(&node).cloned()
        }
    }

    /// Iterate over the given node's that strict dominators.
    ///
    /// If the given node is not reachable from the root, then `None` is
    /// returned.
    pub fn strict_dominators(&self, node: N) -> Option<DominatorsIter<N>> {
        if self.dominators.contains_key(&node) {
            Some(DominatorsIter {
                dominators: self,
                node: self.immediate_dominator(node),
            })
        } else {
            None
        }
    }

    /// Iterate over all of the given node's dominators (including the given
    /// node itself).
    ///
    /// If the given node is not reachable from the root, then `None` is
    /// returned.
    pub fn dominators(&self, node: N) -> Option<DominatorsIter<N>> {
        if self.dominators.contains_key(&node) {
            Some(DominatorsIter {
                dominators: self,
                node: Some(node),
            })
        } else {
            None
        }
    }
}

/// Iterator for a node's dominators.
pub struct DominatorsIter<'a, N>
    where N: 'a + Copy + Eq + Hash
{
    dominators: &'a Dominators<N>,
    node: Option<N>,
}

impl<'a, N> Iterator for DominatorsIter<'a, N>
    where N: 'a + Copy + Eq + Hash
{
    type Item = N;

    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
        let next = self.node.take();
        if let Some(next) = next {
            self.node = self.dominators.immediate_dominator(next);
        }
        next
    }
}

/// The undefined dominator sentinel, for when we have not yet discovered a
/// node's dominator.
const UNDEFINED: usize = ::std::usize::MAX;

/// This is an implementation of the engineered ["Simple, Fast Dominance
/// Algorithm"][0] discovered by Cooper et al.
///
/// This algorithm is **O(|V|²)**, and therefore has slower theoretical running time
/// than the Lenguaer-Tarjan algorithm (which is **O(|E| log |V|)**. However,
/// Cooper et al found it to be faster in practice on control flow graphs of up
/// to ~30,000 vertices.
///
/// [0]: http://www.cs.rice.edu/~keith/EMBED/dom.pdf
pub fn simple_fast<G>(graph: G, root: G::NodeId) -> Dominators<G::NodeId>
    where G: IntoNeighbors + Visitable,
          <G as GraphBase>::NodeId: Eq + Hash
{
    let (post_order, predecessor_sets) = simple_fast_post_order(graph, root);
    let length = post_order.len();
    debug_assert!(length > 0);
    debug_assert!(post_order.last() == Some(&root));

    // From here on out we use indices into `post_order` instead of actual
    // `NodeId`s wherever possible. This greatly improves the performance of
    // this implementation, but we have to pay a little bit of upfront cost to
    // convert our data structures to play along first.

    // Maps a node to its index into `post_order`.
    let node_to_post_order_idx: HashMap<_, _> = post_order.iter()
        .enumerate()
        .map(|(idx, &node)| (node, idx))
        .collect();

    // Maps a node's `post_order` index to its set of predecessors's indices
    // into `post_order` (as a vec).
    let idx_to_predecessor_vec =
        predecessor_sets_to_idx_vecs(&post_order, &node_to_post_order_idx, predecessor_sets);

    let mut dominators = vec![UNDEFINED; length];
    dominators[length - 1] = length - 1;

    let mut changed = true;
    while changed {
        changed = false;

        // Iterate in reverse post order, skipping the root.

        for idx in (0..length - 1).rev() {
            debug_assert!(post_order[idx] != root);

            // Take the intersection of every predecessor's dominator set; that
            // is the current best guess at the immediate dominator for this
            // node.

            let new_idom_idx = {
                let mut predecessors =
                    idx_to_predecessor_vec[idx].iter().filter(|&&p| dominators[p] != UNDEFINED);
                let new_idom_idx = predecessors.next()
                    .expect("Because the root is initialized to dominate itself, and is the \
                             first node in every path, there must exist a predecessor to this \
                             node that also has a dominator");
                predecessors.fold(*new_idom_idx, |new_idom_idx, &predecessor_idx| {
                    intersect(&dominators, new_idom_idx, predecessor_idx)
                })
            };

            debug_assert!(new_idom_idx < length);

            if new_idom_idx != dominators[idx] {
                dominators[idx] = new_idom_idx;
                changed = true;
            }
        }
    }

    // All done! Translate the indices back into proper `G::NodeId`s.

    debug_assert!(!dominators.iter().any(|&dom| dom == UNDEFINED));

    Dominators {
        root: root,
        dominators: dominators.into_iter()
            .enumerate()
            .map(|(idx, dom_idx)| (post_order[idx], post_order[dom_idx]))
            .collect(),
    }
}

fn intersect(dominators: &[usize], mut finger1: usize, mut finger2: usize) -> usize {
    while finger1 != finger2 {
        if finger1 < finger2 {
            finger1 = dominators[finger1];
        } else if finger2 < finger1 {
            finger2 = dominators[finger2];
        }
    }
    finger1
}

fn predecessor_sets_to_idx_vecs<N>(post_order: &[N],
                                   node_to_post_order_idx: &HashMap<N, usize>,
                                   mut predecessor_sets: HashMap<N, HashSet<N>>)
                                   -> Vec<Vec<usize>>
    where N: Copy + Eq + Hash
{
    post_order.iter()
        .map(|node| {
            predecessor_sets.remove(node)
                .map(|predecessors| {
                    predecessors.into_iter()
                        .map(|p| *node_to_post_order_idx.get(&p).unwrap())
                        .collect()
                })
                .unwrap_or(vec![])
        })
        .collect()
}

fn simple_fast_post_order<G>(graph: G,
                             root: G::NodeId)
                             -> (Vec<G::NodeId>, HashMap<G::NodeId, HashSet<G::NodeId>>)
    where G: IntoNeighbors + Visitable,
          <G as GraphBase>::NodeId: Eq + Hash
{
    let mut post_order = vec![];
    let mut predecessor_sets = HashMap::new();

    for node in DfsPostOrder::new(graph, root).iter(graph) {
        post_order.push(node);

        for successor in graph.neighbors(node) {
            predecessor_sets.entry(successor)
                .or_insert_with(HashSet::new)
                .insert(node);
        }
    }

    (post_order, predecessor_sets)
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;

    #[test]
    fn test_iter_dominators() {
        let doms: Dominators<u32> = Dominators {
            root: 0,
            dominators: [(2, 1), (1, 0), (0, 0)]
                .iter()
                .cloned()
                .collect(),
        };

        let all_doms: Vec<_> = doms.dominators(2).unwrap().collect();
        assert_eq!(vec![2, 1, 0], all_doms);

        assert_eq!(None::<()>, doms.dominators(99).map(|_| unreachable!()));

        let strict_doms: Vec<_> = doms.strict_dominators(2).unwrap().collect();
        assert_eq!(vec![1, 0], strict_doms);

        assert_eq!(None::<()>, doms.strict_dominators(99).map(|_| unreachable!()));
    }
}