1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
//! The MAVLink message set.
//!
//! # Message sets and the `Message` trait
//! Each message set has its own module with corresponding data types, including a `MavMessage` enum
//! that represents all possible messages in that message set. The [`Message`] trait is used to
//! represent messages in an abstract way, and each `MavMessage` enum implements this trait (for
//! example, [`ardupilotmega::MavMessage`]). This is then monomorphized to the specific message
//! set you are using in your application at compile-time via type parameters. If you expect
//! ArduPilotMega-flavored messages, then you will need a `MavConnection<ardupilotmega::MavMessage>`
//! and you will receive `ardupilotmega::MavMessage`s from it.
//!
//! Some message sets include others. For example, all message sets except `common` include the
//! common message set. This is represented with extra values in the `MavMessage` enum: a message
//! in the common message set received on an ArduPilotMega connection will be an
//! `ardupilotmega::MavMessage::common(common::MavMessage)`.
//!
//! Please note that if you want to enable a given message set, you must also enable the
//! feature for the message sets that it includes. For example, you cannot use the `ardupilotmega`
//! feature without also using the `uavionix` and `icarous` features.
//!
#![cfg_attr(not(feature = "std"), no_std)]
#![deny(clippy::all)]
#![warn(clippy::use_self)]

use core::result::Result;

#[cfg(feature = "std")]
use std::io::{Read, Write};

#[cfg(feature = "std")]
use byteorder::ReadBytesExt;

#[cfg(feature = "std")]
mod connection;
#[cfg(feature = "std")]
pub use self::connection::{connect, MavConnection};

mod utils;
#[allow(unused_imports)]
use utils::{remove_trailing_zeroes, RustDefault};

#[cfg(feature = "serde")]
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};

use crate::{bytes::Bytes, error::ParserError};

use crc_any::CRCu16;

// include generate definitions
include!(concat!(env!("OUT_DIR"), "/mod.rs"));

pub mod bytes;
pub mod bytes_mut;
pub mod error;

#[cfg(feature = "embedded")]
mod embedded;
#[cfg(feature = "embedded")]
use embedded::{Read, Write};

pub const MAX_FRAME_SIZE: usize = 280;

pub trait Message
where
    Self: Sized,
{
    fn message_id(&self) -> u32;
    fn message_name(&self) -> &'static str;

    /// Serialize **Message** into byte slice and return count of bytes written
    fn ser(&self, version: MavlinkVersion, bytes: &mut [u8]) -> usize;

    fn parse(
        version: MavlinkVersion,
        msgid: u32,
        payload: &[u8],
    ) -> Result<Self, error::ParserError>;

    fn message_id_from_name(name: &str) -> Result<u32, &'static str>;
    fn default_message_from_id(id: u32) -> Result<Self, &'static str>;
    fn extra_crc(id: u32) -> u8;
}

pub trait MessageData: Sized {
    type Message: Message;

    const ID: u32;
    const NAME: &'static str;
    const EXTRA_CRC: u8;
    const ENCODED_LEN: usize;

    fn ser(&self, version: MavlinkVersion, payload: &mut [u8]) -> usize;
    fn deser(version: MavlinkVersion, payload: &[u8]) -> Result<Self, ParserError>;
}

/// Metadata from a MAVLink packet header
#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
pub struct MavHeader {
    pub system_id: u8,
    pub component_id: u8,
    pub sequence: u8,
}

/// Versions of the Mavlink protocol that we support
#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(tag = "type"))]
pub enum MavlinkVersion {
    V1,
    V2,
}

/// Message framing marker for mavlink v1
pub const MAV_STX: u8 = 0xFE;

/// Message framing marker for mavlink v2
pub const MAV_STX_V2: u8 = 0xFD;

/// Return a default GCS header, seq is replaced by the connector
/// so it can be ignored. Set `component_id` to your desired component ID.
impl Default for MavHeader {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self {
            system_id: 255,
            component_id: 0,
            sequence: 0,
        }
    }
}

/// Encapsulation of the Mavlink message and the header,
/// important to preserve information about the sender system
/// and component id
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize))]
pub struct MavFrame<M: Message> {
    pub header: MavHeader,
    pub msg: M,
    pub protocol_version: MavlinkVersion,
}

impl<M: Message> MavFrame<M> {
    /// Create a new frame with given message
    //    pub fn new(msg: MavMessage) -> MavFrame {
    //        MavFrame {
    //            header: MavHeader::get_default_header(),
    //            msg
    //        }
    //    }

    /// Serialize MavFrame into a vector, so it can be sent over a socket, for example.
    pub fn ser(&self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> usize {
        let mut buf = bytes_mut::BytesMut::new(buf);

        // serialize header
        buf.put_u8(self.header.sequence);
        buf.put_u8(self.header.system_id);
        buf.put_u8(self.header.component_id);

        // message id
        match self.protocol_version {
            MavlinkVersion::V2 => {
                let bytes: [u8; 4] = self.msg.message_id().to_le_bytes();
                buf.put_slice(&bytes[..3]);
            }
            MavlinkVersion::V1 => {
                buf.put_u8(self.msg.message_id() as u8); //TODO check
            }
        }
        // serialize message
        let mut payload_buf = [0u8; 255];
        let payload_len = self.msg.ser(self.protocol_version, &mut payload_buf);

        buf.put_slice(&payload_buf[..payload_len]);
        buf.len()
    }

    /// Deserialize MavFrame from a slice that has been received from, for example, a socket.
    pub fn deser(version: MavlinkVersion, input: &[u8]) -> Result<Self, ParserError> {
        let mut buf = Bytes::new(input);

        let sequence = buf.get_u8();
        let system_id = buf.get_u8();
        let component_id = buf.get_u8();
        let header = MavHeader {
            system_id,
            component_id,
            sequence,
        };

        let msg_id = match version {
            MavlinkVersion::V2 => buf.get_u24_le(),
            MavlinkVersion::V1 => buf.get_u8().into(),
        };

        match M::parse(version, msg_id, buf.remaining_bytes()) {
            Ok(msg) => Ok(Self {
                header,
                msg,
                protocol_version: version,
            }),
            Err(err) => Err(err),
        }
    }

    /// Return the frame header
    pub fn header(&self) -> MavHeader {
        self.header
    }
}

fn calculate_crc(data: &[u8], extra_crc: u8) -> u16 {
    let mut crc_calculator = CRCu16::crc16mcrf4cc();
    crc_calculator.digest(data);

    crc_calculator.digest(&[extra_crc]);
    crc_calculator.get_crc()
}

pub fn read_versioned_msg<M: Message, R: Read>(
    r: &mut R,
    version: MavlinkVersion,
) -> Result<(MavHeader, M), error::MessageReadError> {
    match version {
        MavlinkVersion::V2 => read_v2_msg(r),
        MavlinkVersion::V1 => read_v1_msg(r),
    }
}

#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
// Follow protocol definition: `<https://mavlink.io/en/guide/serialization.html#v1_packet_format>`
pub struct MAVLinkV1MessageRaw([u8; 1 + Self::HEADER_SIZE + 255 + 2]);

impl Default for MAVLinkV1MessageRaw {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self::new()
    }
}

impl MAVLinkV1MessageRaw {
    const HEADER_SIZE: usize = 5;

    pub const fn new() -> Self {
        Self([0; 1 + Self::HEADER_SIZE + 255 + 2])
    }

    #[inline]
    pub fn header(&mut self) -> &[u8] {
        &self.0[1..=Self::HEADER_SIZE]
    }

    #[inline]
    fn mut_header(&mut self) -> &mut [u8] {
        &mut self.0[1..=Self::HEADER_SIZE]
    }

    #[inline]
    pub fn payload_length(&self) -> u8 {
        self.0[1]
    }

    #[inline]
    pub fn sequence(&self) -> u8 {
        self.0[2]
    }

    #[inline]
    pub fn system_id(&self) -> u8 {
        self.0[3]
    }

    #[inline]
    pub fn component_id(&self) -> u8 {
        self.0[4]
    }

    #[inline]
    pub fn message_id(&self) -> u8 {
        self.0[5]
    }

    #[inline]
    pub fn payload(&self) -> &[u8] {
        let payload_length: usize = self.payload_length().into();
        &self.0[(1 + Self::HEADER_SIZE)..(1 + Self::HEADER_SIZE + payload_length)]
    }

    #[inline]
    pub fn checksum(&self) -> u16 {
        let payload_length: usize = self.payload_length().into();
        u16::from_le_bytes([
            self.0[1 + Self::HEADER_SIZE + payload_length],
            self.0[1 + Self::HEADER_SIZE + payload_length + 1],
        ])
    }

    #[inline]
    fn mut_payload_and_checksum(&mut self) -> &mut [u8] {
        let payload_length: usize = self.payload_length().into();
        &mut self.0[(1 + Self::HEADER_SIZE)..(1 + Self::HEADER_SIZE + payload_length + 2)]
    }

    #[inline]
    pub fn has_valid_crc<M: Message>(&self) -> bool {
        let payload_length: usize = self.payload_length().into();
        self.checksum()
            == calculate_crc(
                &self.0[1..(1 + Self::HEADER_SIZE + payload_length)],
                M::extra_crc(self.message_id().into()),
            )
    }

    pub fn raw_bytes(&self) -> &[u8] {
        let payload_length = self.payload_length() as usize;
        &self.0[..(1 + Self::HEADER_SIZE + payload_length + 2)]
    }

    fn serialize_stx_and_header_and_crc(
        &mut self,
        header: MavHeader,
        msgid: u32,
        payload_length: usize,
        extra_crc: u8,
    ) {
        self.0[0] = MAV_STX;

        let header_buf = self.mut_header();
        header_buf.copy_from_slice(&[
            payload_length as u8,
            header.sequence,
            header.system_id,
            header.component_id,
            msgid as u8,
        ]);

        let crc = calculate_crc(
            &self.0[1..(1 + Self::HEADER_SIZE + payload_length)],
            extra_crc,
        );
        self.0[(1 + Self::HEADER_SIZE + payload_length)
            ..(1 + Self::HEADER_SIZE + payload_length + 2)]
            .copy_from_slice(&crc.to_le_bytes());
    }

    pub fn serialize_message<M: Message>(&mut self, header: MavHeader, message: &M) {
        let payload_buf = &mut self.0[(1 + Self::HEADER_SIZE)..(1 + Self::HEADER_SIZE + 255)];
        let payload_length = message.ser(MavlinkVersion::V1, payload_buf);

        let message_id = message.message_id();
        self.serialize_stx_and_header_and_crc(
            header,
            message_id,
            payload_length,
            M::extra_crc(message_id),
        );
    }

    pub fn serialize_message_data<D: MessageData>(&mut self, header: MavHeader, message_data: &D) {
        let payload_buf = &mut self.0[(1 + Self::HEADER_SIZE)..(1 + Self::HEADER_SIZE + 255)];
        let payload_length = message_data.ser(MavlinkVersion::V1, payload_buf);

        self.serialize_stx_and_header_and_crc(header, D::ID, payload_length, D::EXTRA_CRC);
    }
}

/// Return a raw buffer with the mavlink message
/// V1 maximum size is 263 bytes: `<https://mavlink.io/en/guide/serialization.html>`
pub fn read_v1_raw_message<R: Read>(
    reader: &mut R,
) -> Result<MAVLinkV1MessageRaw, error::MessageReadError> {
    loop {
        // search for the magic framing value indicating start of mavlink message
        if reader.read_u8()? == MAV_STX {
            break;
        }
    }

    let mut message = MAVLinkV1MessageRaw::new();

    message.0[0] = MAV_STX;
    reader.read_exact(message.mut_header())?;
    reader.read_exact(message.mut_payload_and_checksum())?;

    Ok(message)
}

/// Read a MAVLink v1  message from a Read stream.
pub fn read_v1_msg<M: Message, R: Read>(
    r: &mut R,
) -> Result<(MavHeader, M), error::MessageReadError> {
    loop {
        let message = read_v1_raw_message(r)?;
        if !message.has_valid_crc::<M>() {
            continue;
        }

        return M::parse(
            MavlinkVersion::V1,
            u32::from(message.message_id()),
            message.payload(),
        )
        .map(|msg| {
            (
                MavHeader {
                    sequence: message.sequence(),
                    system_id: message.system_id(),
                    component_id: message.component_id(),
                },
                msg,
            )
        })
        .map_err(|err| err.into());
    }
}

const MAVLINK_IFLAG_SIGNED: u8 = 0x01;

#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
// Follow protocol definition: `<https://mavlink.io/en/guide/serialization.html#mavlink2_packet_format>`
pub struct MAVLinkV2MessageRaw([u8; 1 + Self::HEADER_SIZE + 255 + 2 + Self::SIGNATURE_SIZE]);

impl Default for MAVLinkV2MessageRaw {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self::new()
    }
}

impl MAVLinkV2MessageRaw {
    const HEADER_SIZE: usize = 9;
    const SIGNATURE_SIZE: usize = 13;

    pub const fn new() -> Self {
        Self([0; 1 + Self::HEADER_SIZE + 255 + 2 + Self::SIGNATURE_SIZE])
    }

    #[inline]
    pub fn header(&mut self) -> &[u8] {
        &self.0[1..=Self::HEADER_SIZE]
    }

    #[inline]
    fn mut_header(&mut self) -> &mut [u8] {
        &mut self.0[1..=Self::HEADER_SIZE]
    }

    #[inline]
    pub fn payload_length(&self) -> u8 {
        self.0[1]
    }

    #[inline]
    pub fn incompatibility_flags(&self) -> u8 {
        self.0[2]
    }

    #[inline]
    pub fn compatibility_flags(&self) -> u8 {
        self.0[3]
    }

    #[inline]
    pub fn sequence(&self) -> u8 {
        self.0[4]
    }

    #[inline]
    pub fn system_id(&self) -> u8 {
        self.0[5]
    }

    #[inline]
    pub fn component_id(&self) -> u8 {
        self.0[6]
    }

    #[inline]
    pub fn message_id(&self) -> u32 {
        u32::from_le_bytes([self.0[7], self.0[8], self.0[9], 0])
    }

    #[inline]
    pub fn payload(&self) -> &[u8] {
        let payload_length: usize = self.payload_length().into();
        &self.0[(1 + Self::HEADER_SIZE)..(1 + Self::HEADER_SIZE + payload_length)]
    }

    #[inline]
    pub fn checksum(&self) -> u16 {
        let payload_length: usize = self.payload_length().into();
        u16::from_le_bytes([
            self.0[1 + Self::HEADER_SIZE + payload_length],
            self.0[1 + Self::HEADER_SIZE + payload_length + 1],
        ])
    }

    fn mut_payload_and_checksum_and_sign(&mut self) -> &mut [u8] {
        let payload_length: usize = self.payload_length().into();

        // Signature to ensure the link is tamper-proof.
        let signature_size = if (self.incompatibility_flags() & MAVLINK_IFLAG_SIGNED) == 0 {
            0
        } else {
            Self::SIGNATURE_SIZE
        };

        &mut self.0
            [(1 + Self::HEADER_SIZE)..(1 + Self::HEADER_SIZE + payload_length + signature_size + 2)]
    }

    #[inline]
    pub fn has_valid_crc<M: Message>(&self) -> bool {
        let payload_length: usize = self.payload_length().into();
        self.checksum()
            == calculate_crc(
                &self.0[1..(1 + Self::HEADER_SIZE + payload_length)],
                M::extra_crc(self.message_id()),
            )
    }

    pub fn raw_bytes(&self) -> &[u8] {
        let payload_length = self.payload_length() as usize;

        let signature_size = if (self.incompatibility_flags() & MAVLINK_IFLAG_SIGNED) == 0 {
            0
        } else {
            Self::SIGNATURE_SIZE
        };

        &self.0[..(1 + Self::HEADER_SIZE + payload_length + signature_size + 2)]
    }

    fn serialize_stx_and_header_and_crc(
        &mut self,
        header: MavHeader,
        msgid: u32,
        payload_length: usize,
        extra_crc: u8,
    ) {
        self.0[0] = MAV_STX_V2;
        let msgid_bytes = msgid.to_le_bytes();

        let header_buf = self.mut_header();
        header_buf.copy_from_slice(&[
            payload_length as u8,
            0, //incompat_flags
            0, //compat_flags
            header.sequence,
            header.system_id,
            header.component_id,
            msgid_bytes[0],
            msgid_bytes[1],
            msgid_bytes[2],
        ]);

        let crc = calculate_crc(
            &self.0[1..(1 + Self::HEADER_SIZE + payload_length)],
            extra_crc,
        );
        self.0[(1 + Self::HEADER_SIZE + payload_length)
            ..(1 + Self::HEADER_SIZE + payload_length + 2)]
            .copy_from_slice(&crc.to_le_bytes());
    }

    pub fn serialize_message<M: Message>(&mut self, header: MavHeader, message: &M) {
        let payload_buf = &mut self.0[(1 + Self::HEADER_SIZE)..(1 + Self::HEADER_SIZE + 255)];
        let payload_length = message.ser(MavlinkVersion::V2, payload_buf);

        let message_id = message.message_id();
        self.serialize_stx_and_header_and_crc(
            header,
            message_id,
            payload_length,
            M::extra_crc(message_id),
        );
    }

    pub fn serialize_message_data<D: MessageData>(&mut self, header: MavHeader, message_data: &D) {
        let payload_buf = &mut self.0[(1 + Self::HEADER_SIZE)..(1 + Self::HEADER_SIZE + 255)];
        let payload_length = message_data.ser(MavlinkVersion::V2, payload_buf);

        self.serialize_stx_and_header_and_crc(header, D::ID, payload_length, D::EXTRA_CRC);
    }
}

/// Return a raw buffer with the mavlink message
/// V2 maximum size is 280 bytes: `<https://mavlink.io/en/guide/serialization.html>`
pub fn read_v2_raw_message<R: Read>(
    reader: &mut R,
) -> Result<MAVLinkV2MessageRaw, error::MessageReadError> {
    loop {
        // search for the magic framing value indicating start of mavlink message
        if reader.read_u8()? == MAV_STX_V2 {
            break;
        }
    }

    let mut message = MAVLinkV2MessageRaw::new();

    message.0[0] = MAV_STX_V2;
    reader.read_exact(message.mut_header())?;
    reader.read_exact(message.mut_payload_and_checksum_and_sign())?;

    Ok(message)
}

/// Read a MAVLink v2  message from a Read stream.
pub fn read_v2_msg<M: Message, R: Read>(
    read: &mut R,
) -> Result<(MavHeader, M), error::MessageReadError> {
    loop {
        let message = read_v2_raw_message(read)?;
        if !message.has_valid_crc::<M>() {
            // bad crc: ignore message
            continue;
        }

        return M::parse(MavlinkVersion::V2, message.message_id(), message.payload())
            .map(|msg| {
                (
                    MavHeader {
                        sequence: message.sequence(),
                        system_id: message.system_id(),
                        component_id: message.component_id(),
                    },
                    msg,
                )
            })
            .map_err(|err| err.into());
    }
}

/// Write a message using the given mavlink version
pub fn write_versioned_msg<M: Message, W: Write>(
    w: &mut W,
    version: MavlinkVersion,
    header: MavHeader,
    data: &M,
) -> Result<usize, error::MessageWriteError> {
    match version {
        MavlinkVersion::V2 => write_v2_msg(w, header, data),
        MavlinkVersion::V1 => write_v1_msg(w, header, data),
    }
}

/// Write a MAVLink v2 message to a Write stream.
pub fn write_v2_msg<M: Message, W: Write>(
    w: &mut W,
    header: MavHeader,
    data: &M,
) -> Result<usize, error::MessageWriteError> {
    let mut message_raw = MAVLinkV2MessageRaw::new();
    message_raw.serialize_message(header, data);

    let payload_length: usize = message_raw.payload_length().into();
    let len = 1 + MAVLinkV2MessageRaw::HEADER_SIZE + payload_length + 2;

    w.write_all(&message_raw.0[..len])?;

    Ok(len)
}

/// Write a MAVLink v1 message to a Write stream.
pub fn write_v1_msg<M: Message, W: Write>(
    w: &mut W,
    header: MavHeader,
    data: &M,
) -> Result<usize, error::MessageWriteError> {
    let mut message_raw = MAVLinkV1MessageRaw::new();
    message_raw.serialize_message(header, data);

    let payload_length: usize = message_raw.payload_length().into();
    let len = 1 + MAVLinkV1MessageRaw::HEADER_SIZE + payload_length + 2;

    w.write_all(&message_raw.0[..len])?;

    Ok(len)
}