// use core::fmt::Debug;

use num::bigint::BigUint;
// use ip_bits::IpBits;
use ipaddress::IPAddress;
use prefix32;
// use num_integer::Integer;


// use num_traits::identities::One;

// use num_traits::cast::ToPrimitive;
use num_traits::cast::FromPrimitive;

// use prefix::Prefix;
// use prefix::Prefix;
// use prefix::Prefix32;
// use regex::Regex;

// struct IPv4 {
//     address: String,
//     prefix: Prefix32,
//     ip32: u32
// }
//   // class IPv4
//
//   include IPAddress
//   include Enumerable
//   include Comparable
//
//   //
//   //  This Hash contains the prefix values for Classful networks
//   //
//   //  Note that classes C, D and E will all have a default
//   //  prefix of /24 or 255.255.255.0
//   //
//   CLASSFUL = {
//     /^0../ => 8,  //  Class A, from 0.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255
//     /^10./ => 16, //  Class B, from 128.0.0.0 to 191.255.255.255
//     /^110/ => 24  //  Class C, D and E, from 192.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.254
//   }

//  Regular expression to match an IPv4 address
//

//  Creates a new IPv4 address object.
//
//  An IPv4 address can be expressed in any of the following forms:
//
//  * "10.1.1.1/24": ip +address+ and +prefix+. This is the common and
//  suggested way to create an object                  .
//  * "10.1.1.1/255.255.255.0": ip +address+ and +netmask+. Although
//  convenient sometimes, this format is less clear than the previous
//  one.
//  * "10.1.1.1": if the address alone is specified, the prefix will be
//  set as default 32, also known as the host prefix
//
//  Examples:
//
//    //  These two are the same
//    ip = IPAddress::IPv4.new("10.0.0.1/24")
//    ip = IPAddress("10.0.0.1/24")
//
//    //  These two are the same
//    IPAddress::IPv4.new "10.0.0.1/8"
//    IPAddress::IPv4.new "10.0.0.1/255.0.0.0"
//
// mod IPv4 {

pub fn from_u32(addr: u32, prefix: usize) -> Result<IPAddress, String> {
    let prefix = prefix32::new(prefix);
    if prefix.is_err() {
        return Err(prefix.unwrap_err());
    }
    return Ok(IPAddress {
        ip_bits: ::ip_bits::v4(),
        host_address: BigUint::from_u32(addr).unwrap(),
        prefix: prefix.unwrap(),
        mapped: None,
        vt_is_private: ipv4_is_private,
        vt_is_loopback: ipv4_is_loopback,
        vt_to_ipv6: to_ipv6,
    });
}

pub fn new<S: Into<String>>(_str: S) -> Result<IPAddress, String> {
    let str = _str.into();
    let (ip, netmask) = IPAddress::split_at_slash(&str);
    if !IPAddress::is_valid_ipv4(ip.clone()) {
        return Err(format!("Invalid IP {}", str));
    }
    let mut ip_prefix_num = Ok(32);
    if netmask.is_some() {
        //  netmask is defined
        ip_prefix_num = IPAddress::parse_netmask_to_prefix(netmask.unwrap());
        if ip_prefix_num.is_err() {
            return Err(ip_prefix_num.unwrap_err());
        }
        //if ip_prefix.ip_bits.version
    }
    let ip_prefix = prefix32::new(ip_prefix_num.unwrap());
    if ip_prefix.is_err() {
        return Err(ip_prefix.unwrap_err());
    }
    let split_u32 = IPAddress::split_to_u32(&ip);
    if split_u32.is_err() {
        return Err(split_u32.unwrap_err());
    }
    return Ok(IPAddress {
        ip_bits: ::ip_bits::v4(),
        host_address: BigUint::from_u32(split_u32.unwrap()).unwrap(),
        prefix: ip_prefix.unwrap(),
        mapped: None,
        vt_is_private: ipv4_is_private,
        vt_is_loopback: ipv4_is_loopback,
        vt_to_ipv6: to_ipv6,
    });
}

fn ipv4_is_private(my: &IPAddress) -> bool {
    return [IPAddress::parse("10.0.0.0/8").unwrap(),
     IPAddress::parse("169.254.0.0/16").unwrap(),
     IPAddress::parse("172.16.0.0/12").unwrap(),
     IPAddress::parse("192.168.0.0/16").unwrap()]
     .iter().find(|i| i.includes(my)).is_some();
}

fn ipv4_is_loopback(my: &IPAddress) -> bool {
    return IPAddress::parse("127.0.0.0/8")
        .unwrap().includes(my);
}

pub fn to_ipv6(ia: &IPAddress) -> IPAddress {
        return IPAddress {
            ip_bits: ::ip_bits::v6(),
            host_address: ia.host_address.clone(),
            prefix: ::prefix128::new(ia.prefix.num).unwrap(),
            mapped: None,
            vt_is_private: ::ipv6::ipv6_is_private,
            vt_is_loopback: ::ipv6::ipv6_is_loopback,
            vt_to_ipv6: ::ipv6::to_ipv6
        }
}






// pub fn is_private(my: &IPAddress) -> bool {
//     for i in vec![IPv4::new("10.0.0.0/8"),
//                   IPv4::new("172.16.0.0/12"),
//                   IPv4::new("192.168.0.0/16")] {
//         if my.includes(&i) {
//             return true;
//         }
//     }
//     return false;
// }

// pub fn dns_reverse(my: &IPAddress) {
//     let parts = self.ip_bits.parts(&my.host_address);
//     return format!("{}.{}.{}.{}.in-addr.arpa",
//                    parts.get(3),
//                    parts.get(2),
//                    parts.get(1),
//                    parts.get(0));
// }

// pub fn to_ipv4_str(value: u32) {
//   format!("{}.{}.{}.{}",
//       (value >> 24) & 0xff,
//       (value >> 16) & 0xff,
//       (value >> 8) & 0xff,
//        value & 0xff)
// }

//  Returns the address portion of the IPv4 object
//  as a string.
//
//    ip = IPAddress("172.16.100.4/22")
//
//    ip.address
//      // => "172.16.100.4"
//
// pub fn address(&self) {
//   return self.address
// }

//  Returns the prefix portion of the IPv4 object
//  as a IPAddress::Prefix32 object
//
//    ip = IPAddress("172.16.100.4/22")
//
//    ip.prefix
//      // => 22
//
//    ip.prefix.class
//      // => IPAddress::Prefix32
//
// pub fn prefix(&self) {
//   return self.prefix
// }

//  Set a new prefix number for the object
//
//  This is useful if you want to change the prefix
//  to an object created with IPv4::parse_u32 or
//  if the object was created using the classful
//  mask.
//
//    ip = IPAddress("172.16.100.4")
//
//    puts ip
//      // => 172.16.100.4/16
//
//    ip.prefix = 22
//
//    puts ip
//      // => 172.16.100.4/22
//
// pub fn set_prefix(&mut self, num: u8) {
//   self.prefix = Prefix32::new(num)
// }

//  Returns the address as an array of decimal values
//
//    ip = IPAddress("172.16.100.4")
//
//    ip.octets
//      // => [172, 16, 100, 4]
//
// pub fn octets(&self) {
//   self.octets
// }

//  Returns a string with the address portion of
//  the IPv4 object
//
//    ip = IPAddress("172.16.100.4/22")
//
//    ip.to_s
//      // => "172.16.100.4"
//
// pub fn to_s(&self) {
//   self.address
// }
// pub fn compressed(&self) {
//   self.address
// }

//  Returns a string with the IP address in canonical
//  form.
//
//    ip = IPAddress("172.16.100.4/22")
//
//    ip.to_string
//      // => "172.16.100.4/22"
//
// pub fn to_string(&self) {
//   format!("{}/{}", self.address.to_s, self.prefix.to_s)
// }

//  Returns the prefix as a string in IP format
//
//    ip = IPAddress("172.16.100.4/22")
//
//    ip.netmask
//      // => "255.255.252.0"
//
// pub fn netmask(&self) {
//   self.prefix.to_ip()
// }

//  Like IPv4// prefix=, this method allow you to
//  change the prefix / netmask of an IP address
//  object.
//
//    ip = IPAddress("172.16.100.4")
//
//    puts ip
//      // => 172.16.100.4/16
//
//    ip.netmask = "255.255.252.0"
//
//    puts ip
//      // => 172.16.100.4/22
//
// pub fn set_netmask(&self, addr: &String) {
//   self.prefix = Prefix32::parse_netmask_to_prefix(addr)
// }
//
//
//  Returns the address portion in unsigned
//  32 bits integer format.
//
//  This method is identical to the C function
//  inet_pton to create a 32 bits address family
//  structure.
//
//    ip = IPAddress("10.0.0.0/8")
//
//    ip.to_i
//      // => 167772160
//
// pub fn u32() {
//   self.ip32
// }
// pub fn to_i() {
//   self.ip32
// }
// pub fn to_u32() {
//   self.ip32
// }
//
//  Returns the address portion of an IPv4 object
//  in a network byte order format.
//
//    ip = IPAddress("172.16.10.1/24")
//
//    ip.data
//      // => "\254\020\n\001"
//
//  It is usually used to include an IP address
//  in a data packet to be sent over a socket
//
//    a = Socket.open(params) //  socket details here
//    ip = IPAddress("10.1.1.0/24")
//    binary_data = ["Address: "].pack("a*") + ip.data
//
//    //  Send binary data
//    a.puts binary_data
//
// pub fn data(&self) {
//   self.ip32
// }

//  Returns the octet specified by index
//
//    ip = IPAddress("172.16.100.50/24")
//
//    ip[0]
//      // => 172
//    ip[1]
//      // => 16
//    ip[2]
//      // => 100
//    ip[3]
//      // => 50
//
// pub fn get(&self, index: u8) {
//   self.octets.get(index)
// }
// pub fn octet(&self, index: u8) {
//   self.octets.get(index)
// }

//  Returns the address portion of an IP in binary format,
//  as a string containing a sequence of 0 and 1
//
//    ip = IPAddress("127.0.0.1")
//
//    ip.bits
//      // => "01111111000000000000000000000001"
//
// pub fn bits(&self) {
//   self.ip32.to_string()
// }

//  Returns the broadcast address for the given IP.
//
//    ip = IPAddress("172.16.10.64/24")
//
//    ip.broadcast.to_s
//      // => "172.16.10.255"
//
// pub fn broadcast(&self) {
//   IPv4::parse_u32(self.broadcast_u32, self.prefix)
// }

//  Checks if the IP address is actually a network
//
//    ip = IPAddress("172.16.10.64/24")
//
//    ip.network?
//      // => false
//
//    ip = IPAddress("172.16.10.64/26")
//
//    ip.network?
//      // => true
//
// pub fn is_network() {
//   (self.prefix.num < 32) && (self.ip32 | self.prefix.to_u32 == self.prefix.to_u32)
// }

//  Returns a new IPv4 object with the network number
//  for the given IP.
//
//    ip = IPAddress("172.16.10.64/24")
//
//    ip.network.to_s
//      // => "172.16.10.0"
//
// pub fn network() }
//   self.class.parse_u32(self.network_u32, prefix)
// }

//  Returns a new IPv4 object with the
//  first host IP address in the range.
//
//  Example: given the 192.168.100.0/24 network, the first
//  host IP address is 192.168.100.1.
//
//    ip = IPAddress("192.168.100.0/24")
//
//    ip.first.to_s
//      // => "192.168.100.1"
//
//  The object IP doesn't need to be a network: the method
//  automatically gets the network number from it
//
//    ip = IPAddress("192.168.100.50/24")
//
//    ip.first.to_s
//      // => "192.168.100.1"
//
// pub fn first(&self) {
//   IPv4::parse_u32(self.network_u32+1, self.prefix)
// }

//  Like its sibling method IPv4// first, this method
//  returns a new IPv4 object with the
//  last host IP address in the range.
//
//  Example: given the 192.168.100.0/24 network, the last
//  host IP address is 192.168.100.254
//
//    ip = IPAddress("192.168.100.0/24")
//
//    ip.last.to_s
//      // => "192.168.100.254"
//
//  The object IP doesn't need to be a network: the method
//  automatically gets the network number from it
//
//    ip = IPAddress("192.168.100.50/24")
//
//    ip.last.to_s
//      // => "192.168.100.254"
//
// pub fn last(&self) {
//   IPv4::parse_u32(self.broadcast_u32-1, self.prefix)
// }
//
//
//  Iterates over all the hosts IP addresses for the given
//  network (or IP address).
//
//    ip = IPAddress("10.0.0.1/29")
//
//    ip.each_host do |i|
//      p i.to_s
//    end
//      // => "10.0.0.1"
//      // => "10.0.0.2"
//      // => "10.0.0.3"
//      // => "10.0.0.4"
//      // => "10.0.0.5"
//      // => "10.0.0.6"
//
// pub fn each_host(&self, fn: ) {
//   (self.network_u32+1..self.broadcast_u32-1).each do |i|
//     yield self.class.parse_u32(i, @prefix)
//   end
// }

//  Iterates over all the IP addresses for the given
//  network (or IP address).
//
//  The object yielded is a new IPv4 object created
//  from the iteration.
//
//    ip = IPAddress("10.0.0.1/29")
//
//    ip.each do |i|
//      p i.address
//    end
//      // => "10.0.0.0"
//      // => "10.0.0.1"
//      // => "10.0.0.2"
//      // => "10.0.0.3"
//      // => "10.0.0.4"
//      // => "10.0.0.5"
//      // => "10.0.0.6"
//      // => "10.0.0.7"
//
// pub fn each(&self) {
//   (self.network_u32..self.broadcast_u32).each do |i|
//     yield self.class.parse_u32(i, @prefix)
//   end
// }

//  Spaceship operator to compare IPv4 objects
//
//  Comparing IPv4 addresses is useful to ordinate
//  them into lists that match our intuitive
//  perception of ordered IP addresses.
//
//  The first comparison criteria is the u32 value.
//  For example, 10.100.100.1 will be considered
//  to be less than 172.16.0.1, because, in a ordered list,
//  we expect 10.100.100.1 to come before 172.16.0.1.
//
//  The second criteria, in case two IPv4 objects
//  have identical addresses, is the prefix. An higher
//  prefix will be considered greater than a lower
//  prefix. This is because we expect to see
//  10.100.100.0/24 come before 10.100.100.0/25.
//
//  Example:
//
//    ip1 = IPAddress "10.100.100.1/8"
//    ip2 = IPAddress "172.16.0.1/16"
//    ip3 = IPAddress "10.100.100.1/16"
//
//    ip1 < ip2
//      // => true
//    ip1 > ip3
//      // => false
//
//    [ip1,ip2,ip3].sort.map{|i| i.to_string}
//      // => ["10.100.100.1/8","10.100.100.1/16","172.16.0.1/16"]
//
// pub fn cmp(&self, oth: IPv4) {
//   if self.to_u32() == oth.to_u32() {
//     return self.prefix.num - oth.prefix.num
//   }
//   self.to_u32() - oth.to_u32()
// }

//  Returns the number of IP addresses included
//  in the network. It also counts the network
//  address and the broadcast address.
//
//    ip = IPAddress("10.0.0.1/29")
//
//    ip.size
//      // => 8
//
// pub fn size(&self) {
//   2 ** self.prefix.host_prefix()
// }

//  Returns an array with the IP addresses of
//  all the hosts in the network.
//
//    ip = IPAddress("10.0.0.1/29")
//
//    ip.hosts.map {|i| i.address}
//      // => ["10.0.0.1",
//      // =>  "10.0.0.2",
//      // =>  "10.0.0.3",
//      // =>  "10.0.0.4",
//      // =>  "10.0.0.5",
//      // =>  "10.0.0.6"]
//
// pub fn hosts(&self) {
//   self.to_a[1..-2]
// }

//  Returns the network number in Unsigned 32bits format
//
//    ip = IPAddress("10.0.0.1/29")
//
//    ip.network_u32
//      // => 167772160
//
// pub fn network_u32(&self) {
//   self.ip32 & self.prefix.to_u32()
// }

//  Returns the broadcast address in Unsigned 32bits format
//
//    ip = IPaddress("10.0.0.1/29")
//
//    ip.broadcast_u32
//      // => 167772167
//
// pub fn broadcast_u32(&self) {
//   self.network_u32 + self.size - 1
// }

//  Checks whether a subnet includes the given IP address.
//
//  Accepts an IPAddress::IPv4 object.
//
//    ip = IPAddress("192.168.10.100/24")
//
//    addr = IPAddress("192.168.10.102/24")
//
//    ip.include? addr
//      // => true
//
//    ip.include? IPAddress("172.16.0.48/16")
//      // => false
//
// pub fn include?(&self, oth: IPv4) {
//   self.prefix.num <= oth.prefix.num &&
//   self.network_u32 == (oth.to_u32() & self.prefix.to_u32())
// }

//  Checks whether a subnet includes all the
//  given IPv4 objects.
//
//    ip = IPAddress("192.168.10.100/24")
//
//    addr1 = IPAddress("192.168.10.102/24")
//    addr2 = IPAddress("192.168.10.103/24")
//
//    ip.include_all?(addr1,addr2)
//      // => true
//
// pub fn include_all?(*others)
//   others.all? {|oth| include?(oth)}
// end

//  Checks if an IPv4 address objects belongs
//  to a private network RFC1918
//
//  Example:
//
//    ip = IPAddress "10.1.1.1/24"
//    ip.private?
//      // => true
//


//  Returns the IP address in in-addr.arpa format
//  for DNS lookups
//
//    ip = IPAddress("172.16.100.50/24")
//
//    ip.reverse
//      // => "50.100.16.172.in-addr.arpa"
//
// pub fn reverse(&self) {
//    return format!("{}.{}.{}.{}.in-addr.arpa",
//      self.octets.get(3), self.octets.get(2),
//      self.octets.get(1), self.octets.get(0))
// }
// pub fn arpa(&self) {
//     return self.reverse()
// }

//  Returns the IP address in in-addr.arpa format
//  for DNS Domain definition entries like SOA Records
//
//    ip = IPAddress("172.17.100.50/15")
//
//    ip.dns_rev_domains
//      // => ["16.172.in-addr.arpa","17.172.in-addr.arpa"]
//
// pub fn dns_rev_domains(&self) {
//   let mut net = [ self.network ]
//   let mut cut = 4 - (self.prefix.num/8)
//   if (self.prefix.num <= 8) { //  edge case class a
//     cut = 3
// } else if (self.prefix.num > 24) { //  edge case class c
//     cut = 1
//     net = [network.supernet(24)]
// }
// if (self.prefix.num < 24 && (self.prefix.num % 8) != 0) { //  case class less
//     cut = 3-(self.prefix.num/8)
//     net = network.subnet(self.prefix.num+1)
// }
// return net.map(|n| n.reverse.split('.')[cut .. -1].join('.'))
// }

//  Splits a network into different subnets
//
//  If the IP Address is a network, it can be divided into
//  multiple networks. If +self+ is not a network, this
//  method will calculate the network from the IP and then
//  subnet it.
//
//  If +subnets+ is an power of two number, the resulting
//  networks will be divided evenly from the supernet.
//
//    network = IPAddress("172.16.10.0/24")
//
//    network / 4   //  implies map{|i| i.to_string}
//      // => ["172.16.10.0/26",
//           "172.16.10.64/26",
//           "172.16.10.128/26",
//           "172.16.10.192/26"]
//
//  If +num+ is any other number, the supernet will be
//  divided into some networks with a even number of hosts and
//  other networks with the remaining addresses.
//
//    network = IPAddress("172.16.10.0/24")
//
//    network / 3   //  implies map{|i| i.to_string}
//      // => ["172.16.10.0/26",
//           "172.16.10.64/26",
//           "172.16.10.128/25"]
//
//  Returns an array of IPv4 objects
//
// pub fn split(my : &IPAddress, subnets: usize) {
//   if subnets <= 1 || (1<<self.prefix.host_prefix()) <= subnets {
//      return Err(format!("Value {} out of range", subnets))
//   }
//   let mut networks = self.subnet(self.newprefix(subnets))
//   if (networks.len() != subnets) {
//     networks = sum_first_found(networks)
//   }
//   return networks
// }
// alias_method :/, :split

//  Returns a new IPv4 object from the supernetting
//  of the instance network.
//
//  Supernetting is similar to subnetting, except
//  that you getting as a result a network with a
//  smaller prefix (bigger host space). For example,
//  given the network
//
//    ip = IPAddress("172.16.10.0/24")
//
//  you can supernet it with a new /23 prefix
//
//    ip.supernet(23).to_string
//      // => "172.16.10.0/23"
//
//  However if you supernet it with a /22 prefix, the
//  network address will change:
//
//    ip.supernet(22).to_string
//      // => "172.16.8.0/22"
//
//  If +new_prefix+ is less than 1, returns 0.0.0.0/0
//
// pub fn supernet(&self, new_prefix: u8) {
//     if (new_prefix >= self.prefix.num) {
//         return Err(format!("New prefix must be smaller than existing prefix: {} >= {}",
//             new_prefix, self.prefix.num))
//     }
//     if new_prefix < 1 {
//         return Ok(IPv4::new("0.0.0.0/0"))
//     }
//     return Ok(IPv4::new(format!("{}/{}", self.address, self.prefix.num)))
// }

//  This method implements the subnetting function
//  similar to the one described in RFC3531.
//
//  By specifying a new prefix, the method calculates
//  the network number for the given IPv4 object
//  and calculates the subnets associated to the new
//  prefix.
//
//  For example, given the following network:
//
//    ip = IPAddress "172.16.10.0/24"
//
//  we can calculate the subnets with a /26 prefix
//
//    ip.subnets(26).map{&:to_string)
//      // => ["172.16.10.0/26", "172.16.10.64/26",
//           "172.16.10.128/26", "172.16.10.192/26"]
//
//  The resulting number of subnets will of course always be
//  a power of two.
//
// pub fn subnet(&self, subprefix: u8) {
//   if (subprefix <= self.prefix.num || 32 <= subprefix) {
//     return Err(format!("New prefix must be between {} and 32", subprefix))
//   }
//   let mut ret = Vec::new();
//   for (i = 0; i < (1 << (subprefix-self.prefix.num)); ++i) {
//     ret.push(IPv4::parse_u32(self.network_u32+(i*(1<<(32-subprefix))), subprefix));
//   }
//   return ret
// }


//  Checks whether the ip address belongs to a
//  RFC 791 CLASS A network, no matter
//  what the subnet mask is.
//
//  Example:
//
//    ip = IPAddress("10.0.0.1/24")
//
//    ip.a?
//      // => true
//
#[allow(dead_code)]
pub fn is_class_a(my: &IPAddress) -> bool {
    return my.is_ipv4() && my.host_address < BigUint::from_u32(0x80000000).unwrap();
}

//  Checks whether the ip address belongs to a
//  RFC 791 CLASS B network, no matter
//  what the subnet mask is.
//
//  Example:
//
//    ip = IPAddress("172.16.10.1/24")
//
//    ip.b?
//      // => true
//
#[allow(dead_code)]
pub fn is_class_b(my: &IPAddress) -> bool {
    return my.is_ipv4() &&
        BigUint::from_u32(0x80000000).unwrap() <= my.host_address &&
        my.host_address < BigUint::from_u32(0xc0000000).unwrap();
}

//  Checks whether the ip address belongs to a
//  RFC 791 CLASS C network, no matter
//  what the subnet mask is.
//
//  Example:
//
//    ip = IPAddress("192.168.1.1/30")
//
//    ip.c?
//      // => true
//
#[allow(dead_code)]
pub fn is_class_c(my: &IPAddress) -> bool {
    return my.is_ipv4() &&
        BigUint::from_u32(0xc0000000).unwrap() <= my.host_address &&
        my.host_address < BigUint::from_u32(0xe0000000).unwrap();
}

//  Return the ip address in a format compatible
//  with the IPv6 Mapped IPv4 addresses
//
//  Example:
//
//    ip = IPAddress("172.16.10.1/24")
//
//    ip.to_ipv6
//      // => "ac10:0a01"
//
// pub fn to_ipv6(my: &IPAddress) {
//     let part_mod = BigUint::one() << 16;
//     return format!("{:04x}:{:04x}",
//                    (my.host_address >> 16).mod_floor(&part_mod).to_u16().unwrap(),
//                    my.host_address.mod_floor(&part_mod).to_u16().unwrap());
// }

//  Creates a new IPv4 object from an
//  unsigned 32bits integer.
//
//    ip = IPAddress::IPv4::parse_u32(167772160)
//
//    ip.prefix = 8
//    ip.to_string
//      // => "10.0.0.0/8"
//
//  The +prefix+ parameter is optional:
//
//    ip = IPAddress::IPv4::parse_u32(167772160, 8)
//
//    ip.to_string
//      // => "10.0.0.0/8"
//
// pub fn parse_u32(ip32: u32, prefix: u8) {
//   IPv4::new(format!("{}/{}", IPv4::to_ipv4_str(ip32), prefix))
// }

//  Creates a new IPv4 object from binary data,
//  like the one you get from a network stream.
//
//  For example, on a network stream the IP 172.16.0.1
//  is represented with the binary "\254\020\n\001".
//
//    ip = IPAddress::IPv4::parse_data "\254\020\n\001"
//    ip.prefix = 24
//
//    ip.to_string
//      // => "172.16.10.1/24"
//
// pub fn self.parse_data(str, prefix=32)
//   self.new(str.unpack("C4").join(".")+"/// {prefix}")
// end

//  Extract an IPv4 address from a string and
//  returns a new object
//
//  Example:
//
//    str = "foobar172.16.10.1barbaz"
//    ip = IPAddress::IPv4::extract str
//
//    ip.to_s
//      // => "172.16.10.1"
//
// pub fn self.extract(str) {
//   let re = Regexp::new(r"((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]\d|\d)\.){3}(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1
// \d\d|[1-9]\d|\d)")
//   IPv4::new(.match(str).to_s
// }

//  Summarization (or aggregation) is the process when two or more
//  networks are taken together to check if a supernet, including all
//  and only these networks, exists. If it exists then this supernet
//  is called the summarized (or aggregated) network.
//
//  It is very important to understand that summarization can only
//  occur if there are no holes in the aggregated network, or, in other
//  words, if the given networks fill completely the address space
//  of the supernet. So the two rules are:
//
//  1) The aggregate network must contain +all+ the IP addresses of the
//     original networks;
//  2) The aggregate network must contain +only+ the IP addresses of the
//     original networks;
//
//  A few examples will help clarify the above. Let's consider for
//  instance the following two networks:
//
//    ip1 = IPAddress("172.16.10.0/24")
//    ip2 = IPAddress("172.16.11.0/24")
//
//  These two networks can be expressed using only one IP address
//  network if we change the prefix. Let Ruby do the work:
//
//    IPAddress::IPv4::summarize(ip1,ip2).to_s
//      // => "172.16.10.0/23"
//
//  We note how the network "172.16.10.0/23" includes all the addresses
//  specified in the above networks, and (more important) includes
//  ONLY those addresses.
//
//  If we summarized +ip1+ and +ip2+ with the following network:
//
//    "172.16.0.0/16"
//
//  we would have satisfied rule // 1 above, but not rule // 2. So "172.16.0.0/16"
//  is not an aggregate network for +ip1+ and +ip2+.
//
//  If it's not possible to compute a single aggregated network for all the
//  original networks, the method returns an array with all the aggregate
//  networks found. For example, the following four networks can be
//  aggregated in a single /22:
//
//    ip1 = IPAddress("10.0.0.1/24")
//    ip2 = IPAddress("10.0.1.1/24")
//    ip3 = IPAddress("10.0.2.1/24")
//    ip4 = IPAddress("10.0.3.1/24")
//
//    IPAddress::IPv4::summarize(ip1,ip2,ip3,ip4).to_string
//      // => "10.0.0.0/22",
//
//  But the following networks can't be summarized in a single network:
//
//    ip1 = IPAddress("10.0.1.1/24")
//    ip2 = IPAddress("10.0.2.1/24")
//    ip3 = IPAddress("10.0.3.1/24")
//    ip4 = IPAddress("10.0.4.1/24")
//
//    IPAddress::IPv4::summarize(ip1,ip2,ip3,ip4).map{|i| i.to_string}
//      // => ["10.0.1.0/24","10.0.2.0/23","10.0.4.0/24"]
//
// pub fn self.summarize(args)
//   IPAddress.summarize(args)
// end

//  Creates a new IPv4 address object by parsing the
//  address in a classful way.
//
//  Classful addresses have a fixed netmask based on the
//  class they belong to:
//
//  * Class A, from 0.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255
//  * Class B, from 128.0.0.0 to 191.255.255.255
//  * Class C, D and E, from 192.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.254
//
//  Example:
//
//    ip = IPAddress::IPv4.parse_classful "10.0.0.1"
//
//    ip.netmask
//      // => "255.0.0.0"
//    ip.a?
//      // => true
//
//  Note that classes C, D and E will all have a default
//  prefix of /24 or 255.255.255.0
//
#[allow(dead_code)]
pub fn parse_classful<S: Into<String>>(ip_s: S) -> Result<IPAddress, String> {
    let ip_si = ip_s.into();
    if !IPAddress::is_valid_ipv4(ip_si.clone()) {
        return Err(format!("Invalid IP {}", ip_si));
    }
    let o_ip = IPAddress::parse(ip_si.clone());
    if o_ip.is_err() {
        return o_ip;
    }
    let mut ip = o_ip.unwrap();
    if ::ipv4::is_class_a(&ip) {
        ip.prefix = ::prefix32::new(8).unwrap();
    } else if ::ipv4::is_class_b(&ip) {
        ip.prefix = ::prefix32::new(16).unwrap();
    } else if ::ipv4::is_class_c(&ip) {
        ip.prefix = ::prefix32::new(24).unwrap();
    }
    return Ok(ip);
}

//  private methods
//
// fn newprefix(&self, num: u8) {
//   for (i = num; i < 32; ++i) {
//     let a = numeric::math::log(i, 2);
//     if (a == numeric::math::log(i, 2)) {
//       return self.prefix + a;
//     }
//   }
// }

//  fn sum_first_found(&self, arr: &[u32]) {
//    let mut dup = arr.reverse();
//    dup.each_with_index { |obj,i|
//      a = [self.class.summarize(obj,dup[i+1])].flatten
//      if (a.size == 1) {
//        dup[i..i+1] = a
//        return dup.reverse()
//      }
//    }
//    return dup.reverse()
// }