Type Alias holochain_types::prelude::RateUnits

pub type RateUnits = u8;

The weight of this action, for rate limiting

Implementations

impl u8

pub const MIN: u8 = 0u8

The smallest value that can be represented by this integer type.

Examples

Basic usage:

assert_eq!(u8::MIN, 0);

pub const MAX: u8 = 255u8

The largest value that can be represented by this integer type (2⁸ − 1).

Examples

Basic usage:

assert_eq!(u8::MAX, 255);

pub const BITS: u32 = 8u32

The size of this integer type in bits.

Examples

assert_eq!(u8::BITS, 8);

pub fn from_str_radix(src: &str, radix: u32) -> Result<u8, ParseIntError>

Converts a string slice in a given base to an integer.

The string is expected to be an optional + sign followed by digits. Leading and trailing whitespace represent an error. Digits are a subset of these characters, depending on radix:

• 0-9
• a-z
• A-Z

Panics

This function panics if radix is not in the range from 2 to 36.

Examples

Basic usage:

assert_eq!(u8::from_str_radix("A", 16), Ok(10));

pub const fn count_ones(self) -> u32

Returns the number of ones in the binary representation of self.

Examples

Basic usage:

let n = 0b01001100u8;

assert_eq!(n.count_ones(), 3);

pub const fn count_zeros(self) -> u32

Returns the number of zeros in the binary representation of self.

Examples

Basic usage:

assert_eq!(u8::MAX.count_zeros(), 0);

pub const fn leading_zeros(self) -> u32

Returns the number of leading zeros in the binary representation of self.

Depending on what you’re doing with the value, you might also be interested in the ilog2 function which returns a consistent number, even if the type widens.

Examples

Basic usage:

let n = u8::MAX >> 2;

assert_eq!(n.leading_zeros(), 2);

pub const fn trailing_zeros(self) -> u32

Returns the number of trailing zeros in the binary representation of self.

Examples

Basic usage:

let n = 0b0101000u8;

assert_eq!(n.trailing_zeros(), 3);

pub const fn leading_ones(self) -> u32

Returns the number of leading ones in the binary representation of self.

Examples

Basic usage:

let n = !(u8::MAX >> 2);

assert_eq!(n.leading_ones(), 2);

pub const fn trailing_ones(self) -> u32

Returns the number of trailing ones in the binary representation of self.

Examples

Basic usage:

let n = 0b1010111u8;

assert_eq!(n.trailing_ones(), 3);

pub const fn rotate_left(self, n: u32) -> u8

Shifts the bits to the left by a specified amount, n, wrapping the truncated bits to the end of the resulting integer.

Please note this isn’t the same operation as the << shifting operator!

Examples

Basic usage:

let n = 0x82u8;
let m = 0xa;

assert_eq!(n.rotate_left(2), m);

pub const fn rotate_right(self, n: u32) -> u8

Shifts the bits to the right by a specified amount, n, wrapping the truncated bits to the beginning of the resulting integer.

Please note this isn’t the same operation as the >> shifting operator!

Examples

Basic usage:

let n = 0xau8;
let m = 0x82;

assert_eq!(n.rotate_right(2), m);

pub const fn swap_bytes(self) -> u8

Reverses the byte order of the integer.

Examples

Basic usage:

let n = 0x12u8;
let m = n.swap_bytes();

assert_eq!(m, 0x12);

pub const fn reverse_bits(self) -> u8

Reverses the order of bits in the integer. The least significant bit becomes the most significant bit, second least-significant bit becomes second most-significant bit, etc.

Examples

Basic usage:

let n = 0x12u8;
let m = n.reverse_bits();

assert_eq!(m, 0x48);
assert_eq!(0, 0u8.reverse_bits());

pub const fn from_be(x: u8) -> u8

Converts an integer from big endian to the target’s endianness.

On big endian this is a no-op. On little endian the bytes are swapped.

Examples

Basic usage:

let n = 0x1Au8;

if cfg!(target_endian = "big") {
    assert_eq!(u8::from_be(n), n)
} else {
    assert_eq!(u8::from_be(n), n.swap_bytes())
}

pub const fn from_le(x: u8) -> u8

Converts an integer from little endian to the target’s endianness.

On little endian this is a no-op. On big endian the bytes are swapped.

Examples

Basic usage:

let n = 0x1Au8;

if cfg!(target_endian = "little") {
    assert_eq!(u8::from_le(n), n)
} else {
    assert_eq!(u8::from_le(n), n.swap_bytes())
}

pub const fn to_be(self) -> u8

Converts self to big endian from the target’s endianness.

On big endian this is a no-op. On little endian the bytes are swapped.

Examples

Basic usage:

let n = 0x1Au8;

if cfg!(target_endian = "big") {
    assert_eq!(n.to_be(), n)
} else {
    assert_eq!(n.to_be(), n.swap_bytes())
}

pub const fn to_le(self) -> u8

Converts self to little endian from the target’s endianness.

On little endian this is a no-op. On big endian the bytes are swapped.

Examples

Basic usage:

let n = 0x1Au8;

if cfg!(target_endian = "little") {
    assert_eq!(n.to_le(), n)
} else {
    assert_eq!(n.to_le(), n.swap_bytes())
}

pub const fn checked_add(self, rhs: u8) -> Option<u8>

Checked integer addition. Computes self + rhs, returning None if overflow occurred.

Examples

Basic usage:

assert_eq!((u8::MAX - 2).checked_add(1), Some(u8::MAX - 1));
assert_eq!((u8::MAX - 2).checked_add(3), None);

pub unsafe fn unchecked_add(self, rhs: u8) -> u8

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (unchecked_math)

Unchecked integer addition. Computes self + rhs, assuming overflow cannot occur.

Safety

This results in undefined behavior when self + rhs > u8::MAX or self + rhs < u8::MIN, i.e. when checked_add would return None.

pub const fn checked_add_signed(self, rhs: i8) -> Option<u8>

Checked addition with a signed integer. Computes self + rhs, returning None if overflow occurred.

Examples

Basic usage:

assert_eq!(1u8.checked_add_signed(2), Some(3));
assert_eq!(1u8.checked_add_signed(-2), None);
assert_eq!((u8::MAX - 2).checked_add_signed(3), None);

pub const fn checked_sub(self, rhs: u8) -> Option<u8>

Checked integer subtraction. Computes self - rhs, returning None if overflow occurred.

Examples

Basic usage:

assert_eq!(1u8.checked_sub(1), Some(0));
assert_eq!(0u8.checked_sub(1), None);

pub unsafe fn unchecked_sub(self, rhs: u8) -> u8

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (unchecked_math)

Unchecked integer subtraction. Computes self - rhs, assuming overflow cannot occur.

Safety

This results in undefined behavior when self - rhs > u8::MAX or self - rhs < u8::MIN, i.e. when checked_sub would return None.

pub const fn checked_mul(self, rhs: u8) -> Option<u8>

Checked integer multiplication. Computes self * rhs, returning None if overflow occurred.

Examples

Basic usage:

assert_eq!(5u8.checked_mul(1), Some(5));
assert_eq!(u8::MAX.checked_mul(2), None);

pub unsafe fn unchecked_mul(self, rhs: u8) -> u8

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (unchecked_math)

Unchecked integer multiplication. Computes self * rhs, assuming overflow cannot occur.

Safety

This results in undefined behavior when self * rhs > u8::MAX or self * rhs < u8::MIN, i.e. when checked_mul would return None.

pub const fn checked_div(self, rhs: u8) -> Option<u8>

Checked integer division. Computes self / rhs, returning None if rhs == 0.

Examples

Basic usage:

assert_eq!(128u8.checked_div(2), Some(64));
assert_eq!(1u8.checked_div(0), None);

pub const fn checked_div_euclid(self, rhs: u8) -> Option<u8>

Checked Euclidean division. Computes self.div_euclid(rhs), returning None if rhs == 0.

Examples

Basic usage:

assert_eq!(128u8.checked_div_euclid(2), Some(64));
assert_eq!(1u8.checked_div_euclid(0), None);

pub const fn checked_rem(self, rhs: u8) -> Option<u8>

Checked integer remainder. Computes self % rhs, returning None if rhs == 0.

Examples

Basic usage:

assert_eq!(5u8.checked_rem(2), Some(1));
assert_eq!(5u8.checked_rem(0), None);

pub const fn checked_rem_euclid(self, rhs: u8) -> Option<u8>

Checked Euclidean modulo. Computes self.rem_euclid(rhs), returning None if rhs == 0.

Examples

Basic usage:

assert_eq!(5u8.checked_rem_euclid(2), Some(1));
assert_eq!(5u8.checked_rem_euclid(0), None);

pub const fn ilog(self, base: u8) -> u32

Returns the logarithm of the number with respect to an arbitrary base, rounded down.

This method might not be optimized owing to implementation details; ilog2 can produce results more efficiently for base 2, and ilog10 can produce results more efficiently for base 10.

Panics

This function will panic if self is zero, or if base is less than 2.

Examples

assert_eq!(5u8.ilog(5), 1);

pub const fn ilog2(self) -> u32

Returns the base 2 logarithm of the number, rounded down.

Panics

This function will panic if self is zero.

Examples

assert_eq!(2u8.ilog2(), 1);

pub const fn ilog10(self) -> u32

Returns the base 10 logarithm of the number, rounded down.

Panics

This function will panic if self is zero.

Example

assert_eq!(10u8.ilog10(), 1);

pub const fn checked_ilog(self, base: u8) -> Option<u32>

Returns the logarithm of the number with respect to an arbitrary base, rounded down.

Returns None if the number is zero, or if the base is not at least 2.

This method might not be optimized owing to implementation details; checked_ilog2 can produce results more efficiently for base 2, and checked_ilog10 can produce results more efficiently for base 10.

Examples

assert_eq!(5u8.checked_ilog(5), Some(1));

pub const fn checked_ilog2(self) -> Option<u32>

Returns the base 2 logarithm of the number, rounded down.

Returns None if the number is zero.

Examples

assert_eq!(2u8.checked_ilog2(), Some(1));

pub const fn checked_ilog10(self) -> Option<u32>

Returns the base 10 logarithm of the number, rounded down.

Returns None if the number is zero.

Examples

assert_eq!(10u8.checked_ilog10(), Some(1));

pub const fn checked_neg(self) -> Option<u8>

Checked negation. Computes -self, returning None unless self == 0.

Note that negating any positive integer will overflow.

Examples

Basic usage:

assert_eq!(0u8.checked_neg(), Some(0));
assert_eq!(1u8.checked_neg(), None);

pub const fn checked_shl(self, rhs: u32) -> Option<u8>

Checked shift left. Computes self << rhs, returning None if rhs is larger than or equal to the number of bits in self.

Examples

Basic usage:

assert_eq!(0x1u8.checked_shl(4), Some(0x10));
assert_eq!(0x10u8.checked_shl(129), None);

pub unsafe fn unchecked_shl(self, rhs: u32) -> u8

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (unchecked_math)

Unchecked shift left. Computes self << rhs, assuming that rhs is less than the number of bits in self.

Safety

This results in undefined behavior if rhs is larger than or equal to the number of bits in self, i.e. when checked_shl would return None.

pub const fn checked_shr(self, rhs: u32) -> Option<u8>

Checked shift right. Computes self >> rhs, returning None if rhs is larger than or equal to the number of bits in self.

Examples

Basic usage:

assert_eq!(0x10u8.checked_shr(4), Some(0x1));
assert_eq!(0x10u8.checked_shr(129), None);

pub unsafe fn unchecked_shr(self, rhs: u32) -> u8

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (unchecked_math)

Unchecked shift right. Computes self >> rhs, assuming that rhs is less than the number of bits in self.

Safety

This results in undefined behavior if rhs is larger than or equal to the number of bits in self, i.e. when checked_shr would return None.

pub const fn checked_pow(self, exp: u32) -> Option<u8>

Checked exponentiation. Computes self.pow(exp), returning None if overflow occurred.

Examples

Basic usage:

assert_eq!(2u8.checked_pow(5), Some(32));
assert_eq!(u8::MAX.checked_pow(2), None);

pub const fn saturating_add(self, rhs: u8) -> u8

Saturating integer addition. Computes self + rhs, saturating at the numeric bounds instead of overflowing.

Examples

Basic usage:

assert_eq!(100u8.saturating_add(1), 101);
assert_eq!(u8::MAX.saturating_add(127), u8::MAX);

pub const fn saturating_add_signed(self, rhs: i8) -> u8

Saturating addition with a signed integer. Computes self + rhs, saturating at the numeric bounds instead of overflowing.

Examples

Basic usage:

assert_eq!(1u8.saturating_add_signed(2), 3);
assert_eq!(1u8.saturating_add_signed(-2), 0);
assert_eq!((u8::MAX - 2).saturating_add_signed(4), u8::MAX);

pub const fn saturating_sub(self, rhs: u8) -> u8

Saturating integer subtraction. Computes self - rhs, saturating at the numeric bounds instead of overflowing.

Examples

Basic usage:

assert_eq!(100u8.saturating_sub(27), 73);
assert_eq!(13u8.saturating_sub(127), 0);

pub const fn saturating_mul(self, rhs: u8) -> u8

Saturating integer multiplication. Computes self * rhs, saturating at the numeric bounds instead of overflowing.

Examples

Basic usage:

assert_eq!(2u8.saturating_mul(10), 20);
assert_eq!((u8::MAX).saturating_mul(10), u8::MAX);

pub const fn saturating_div(self, rhs: u8) -> u8

Saturating integer division. Computes self / rhs, saturating at the numeric bounds instead of overflowing.

Examples

Basic usage:

assert_eq!(5u8.saturating_div(2), 2);

let _ = 1u8.saturating_div(0);

pub const fn saturating_pow(self, exp: u32) -> u8

Saturating integer exponentiation. Computes self.pow(exp), saturating at the numeric bounds instead of overflowing.

Examples

Basic usage:

assert_eq!(4u8.saturating_pow(3), 64);
assert_eq!(u8::MAX.saturating_pow(2), u8::MAX);

pub const fn wrapping_add(self, rhs: u8) -> u8

Wrapping (modular) addition. Computes self + rhs, wrapping around at the boundary of the type.

Examples

Basic usage:

assert_eq!(200u8.wrapping_add(55), 255);
assert_eq!(200u8.wrapping_add(u8::MAX), 199);

pub const fn wrapping_add_signed(self, rhs: i8) -> u8

Wrapping (modular) addition with a signed integer. Computes self + rhs, wrapping around at the boundary of the type.

Examples

Basic usage:

assert_eq!(1u8.wrapping_add_signed(2), 3);
assert_eq!(1u8.wrapping_add_signed(-2), u8::MAX);
assert_eq!((u8::MAX - 2).wrapping_add_signed(4), 1);

pub const fn wrapping_sub(self, rhs: u8) -> u8

Wrapping (modular) subtraction. Computes self - rhs, wrapping around at the boundary of the type.

Examples

Basic usage:

assert_eq!(100u8.wrapping_sub(100), 0);
assert_eq!(100u8.wrapping_sub(u8::MAX), 101);

pub const fn wrapping_mul(self, rhs: u8) -> u8

Wrapping (modular) multiplication. Computes self * rhs, wrapping around at the boundary of the type.

Examples

Basic usage:

Please note that this example is shared between integer types. Which explains why u8 is used here.

assert_eq!(10u8.wrapping_mul(12), 120);
assert_eq!(25u8.wrapping_mul(12), 44);

pub const fn wrapping_div(self, rhs: u8) -> u8

Wrapping (modular) division. Computes self / rhs. Wrapped division on unsigned types is just normal division. There’s no way wrapping could ever happen. This function exists, so that all operations are accounted for in the wrapping operations.

Examples

Basic usage:

assert_eq!(100u8.wrapping_div(10), 10);

pub const fn wrapping_div_euclid(self, rhs: u8) -> u8

Wrapping Euclidean division. Computes self.div_euclid(rhs). Wrapped division on unsigned types is just normal division. There’s no way wrapping could ever happen. This function exists, so that all operations are accounted for in the wrapping operations. Since, for the positive integers, all common definitions of division are equal, this is exactly equal to self.wrapping_div(rhs).

Examples

Basic usage:

assert_eq!(100u8.wrapping_div_euclid(10), 10);

pub const fn wrapping_rem(self, rhs: u8) -> u8

Wrapping (modular) remainder. Computes self % rhs. Wrapped remainder calculation on unsigned types is just the regular remainder calculation. There’s no way wrapping could ever happen. This function exists, so that all operations are accounted for in the wrapping operations.

Examples

Basic usage:

assert_eq!(100u8.wrapping_rem(10), 0);

pub const fn wrapping_rem_euclid(self, rhs: u8) -> u8

Wrapping Euclidean modulo. Computes self.rem_euclid(rhs). Wrapped modulo calculation on unsigned types is just the regular remainder calculation. There’s no way wrapping could ever happen. This function exists, so that all operations are accounted for in the wrapping operations. Since, for the positive integers, all common definitions of division are equal, this is exactly equal to self.wrapping_rem(rhs).

Examples

Basic usage:

assert_eq!(100u8.wrapping_rem_euclid(10), 0);

pub const fn wrapping_neg(self) -> u8

Wrapping (modular) negation. Computes -self, wrapping around at the boundary of the type.

Since unsigned types do not have negative equivalents all applications of this function will wrap (except for -0). For values smaller than the corresponding signed type’s maximum the result is the same as casting the corresponding signed value. Any larger values are equivalent to MAX + 1 - (val - MAX - 1) where MAX is the corresponding signed type’s maximum.

Examples

Basic usage:

assert_eq!(0_u8.wrapping_neg(), 0);
assert_eq!(u8::MAX.wrapping_neg(), 1);
assert_eq!(13_u8.wrapping_neg(), (!13) + 1);
assert_eq!(42_u8.wrapping_neg(), !(42 - 1));

pub const fn wrapping_shl(self, rhs: u32) -> u8

Panic-free bitwise shift-left; yields self << mask(rhs), where mask removes any high-order bits of rhs that would cause the shift to exceed the bitwidth of the type.

Note that this is not the same as a rotate-left; the RHS of a wrapping shift-left is restricted to the range of the type, rather than the bits shifted out of the LHS being returned to the other end. The primitive integer types all implement a rotate_left function, which may be what you want instead.

Examples

Basic usage:

assert_eq!(1u8.wrapping_shl(7), 128);
assert_eq!(1u8.wrapping_shl(128), 1);

pub const fn wrapping_shr(self, rhs: u32) -> u8

Panic-free bitwise shift-right; yields self >> mask(rhs), where mask removes any high-order bits of rhs that would cause the shift to exceed the bitwidth of the type.

Note that this is not the same as a rotate-right; the RHS of a wrapping shift-right is restricted to the range of the type, rather than the bits shifted out of the LHS being returned to the other end. The primitive integer types all implement a rotate_right function, which may be what you want instead.

Examples

Basic usage:

assert_eq!(128u8.wrapping_shr(7), 1);
assert_eq!(128u8.wrapping_shr(128), 128);

pub const fn wrapping_pow(self, exp: u32) -> u8

Wrapping (modular) exponentiation. Computes self.pow(exp), wrapping around at the boundary of the type.

Examples

Basic usage:

assert_eq!(3u8.wrapping_pow(5), 243);
assert_eq!(3u8.wrapping_pow(6), 217);

pub const fn overflowing_add(self, rhs: u8) -> (u8, bool)

Calculates self + rhs

Returns a tuple of the addition along with a boolean indicating whether an arithmetic overflow would occur. If an overflow would have occurred then the wrapped value is returned.

Examples

Basic usage

assert_eq!(5u8.overflowing_add(2), (7, false));
assert_eq!(u8::MAX.overflowing_add(1), (0, true));

pub fn carrying_add(self, rhs: u8, carry: bool) -> (u8, bool)

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (bigint_helper_methods)

Calculates self + rhs + carry and returns a tuple containing the sum and the output carry.

Performs “ternary addition” of two integer operands and a carry-in bit, and returns an output integer and a carry-out bit. This allows chaining together multiple additions to create a wider addition, and can be useful for bignum addition.

This can be thought of as a 8-bit “full adder”, in the electronics sense.

If the input carry is false, this method is equivalent to overflowing_add, and the output carry is equal to the overflow flag. Note that although carry and overflow flags are similar for unsigned integers, they are different for signed integers.

Examples

#![feature(bigint_helper_methods)]

//    3  MAX    (a = 3 × 2^8 + 2^8 - 1)
// +  5    7    (b = 5 × 2^8 + 7)
// ---------
//    9    6    (sum = 9 × 2^8 + 6)

let (a1, a0): (u8, u8) = (3, u8::MAX);
let (b1, b0): (u8, u8) = (5, 7);
let carry0 = false;

let (sum0, carry1) = a0.carrying_add(b0, carry0);
assert_eq!(carry1, true);
let (sum1, carry2) = a1.carrying_add(b1, carry1);
assert_eq!(carry2, false);

assert_eq!((sum1, sum0), (9, 6));

pub const fn overflowing_add_signed(self, rhs: i8) -> (u8, bool)

Calculates self + rhs with a signed rhs

Returns a tuple of the addition along with a boolean indicating whether an arithmetic overflow would occur. If an overflow would have occurred then the wrapped value is returned.

Examples

Basic usage:

assert_eq!(1u8.overflowing_add_signed(2), (3, false));
assert_eq!(1u8.overflowing_add_signed(-2), (u8::MAX, true));
assert_eq!((u8::MAX - 2).overflowing_add_signed(4), (1, true));

pub const fn overflowing_sub(self, rhs: u8) -> (u8, bool)

Calculates self - rhs

Returns a tuple of the subtraction along with a boolean indicating whether an arithmetic overflow would occur. If an overflow would have occurred then the wrapped value is returned.

Examples

Basic usage

assert_eq!(5u8.overflowing_sub(2), (3, false));
assert_eq!(0u8.overflowing_sub(1), (u8::MAX, true));

pub fn borrowing_sub(self, rhs: u8, borrow: bool) -> (u8, bool)

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (bigint_helper_methods)

Calculates self − rhs − borrow and returns a tuple containing the difference and the output borrow.

Performs “ternary subtraction” by subtracting both an integer operand and a borrow-in bit from self, and returns an output integer and a borrow-out bit. This allows chaining together multiple subtractions to create a wider subtraction, and can be useful for bignum subtraction.

Examples

#![feature(bigint_helper_methods)]

//    9    6    (a = 9 × 2^8 + 6)
// -  5    7    (b = 5 × 2^8 + 7)
// ---------
//    3  MAX    (diff = 3 × 2^8 + 2^8 - 1)

let (a1, a0): (u8, u8) = (9, 6);
let (b1, b0): (u8, u8) = (5, 7);
let borrow0 = false;

let (diff0, borrow1) = a0.borrowing_sub(b0, borrow0);
assert_eq!(borrow1, true);
let (diff1, borrow2) = a1.borrowing_sub(b1, borrow1);
assert_eq!(borrow2, false);

assert_eq!((diff1, diff0), (3, u8::MAX));

pub const fn abs_diff(self, other: u8) -> u8

Computes the absolute difference between self and other.

Examples

Basic usage:

assert_eq!(100u8.abs_diff(80), 20u8);
assert_eq!(100u8.abs_diff(110), 10u8);

pub const fn overflowing_mul(self, rhs: u8) -> (u8, bool)

Calculates the multiplication of self and rhs.

Returns a tuple of the multiplication along with a boolean indicating whether an arithmetic overflow would occur. If an overflow would have occurred then the wrapped value is returned.

Examples

Basic usage:

Please note that this example is shared between integer types. Which explains why u32 is used here.

assert_eq!(5u32.overflowing_mul(2), (10, false));
assert_eq!(1_000_000_000u32.overflowing_mul(10), (1410065408, true));

pub const fn overflowing_div(self, rhs: u8) -> (u8, bool)

Calculates the divisor when self is divided by rhs.

Returns a tuple of the divisor along with a boolean indicating whether an arithmetic overflow would occur. Note that for unsigned integers overflow never occurs, so the second value is always false.

Panics

This function will panic if rhs is 0.

Examples

Basic usage

assert_eq!(5u8.overflowing_div(2), (2, false));

pub const fn overflowing_div_euclid(self, rhs: u8) -> (u8, bool)

Calculates the quotient of Euclidean division self.div_euclid(rhs).

Returns a tuple of the divisor along with a boolean indicating whether an arithmetic overflow would occur. Note that for unsigned integers overflow never occurs, so the second value is always false. Since, for the positive integers, all common definitions of division are equal, this is exactly equal to self.overflowing_div(rhs).

Panics

This function will panic if rhs is 0.

Examples

Basic usage

assert_eq!(5u8.overflowing_div_euclid(2), (2, false));

pub const fn overflowing_rem(self, rhs: u8) -> (u8, bool)

Calculates the remainder when self is divided by rhs.

Returns a tuple of the remainder after dividing along with a boolean indicating whether an arithmetic overflow would occur. Note that for unsigned integers overflow never occurs, so the second value is always false.

Panics

This function will panic if rhs is 0.

Examples

Basic usage

assert_eq!(5u8.overflowing_rem(2), (1, false));

pub const fn overflowing_rem_euclid(self, rhs: u8) -> (u8, bool)

Calculates the remainder self.rem_euclid(rhs) as if by Euclidean division.

Returns a tuple of the modulo after dividing along with a boolean indicating whether an arithmetic overflow would occur. Note that for unsigned integers overflow never occurs, so the second value is always false. Since, for the positive integers, all common definitions of division are equal, this operation is exactly equal to self.overflowing_rem(rhs).

Panics

This function will panic if rhs is 0.

Examples

Basic usage

assert_eq!(5u8.overflowing_rem_euclid(2), (1, false));

pub const fn overflowing_neg(self) -> (u8, bool)

Negates self in an overflowing fashion.

Returns !self + 1 using wrapping operations to return the value that represents the negation of this unsigned value. Note that for positive unsigned values overflow always occurs, but negating 0 does not overflow.

Examples

Basic usage

assert_eq!(0u8.overflowing_neg(), (0, false));
assert_eq!(2u8.overflowing_neg(), (-2i32 as u8, true));

pub const fn overflowing_shl(self, rhs: u32) -> (u8, bool)

Shifts self left by rhs bits.

Returns a tuple of the shifted version of self along with a boolean indicating whether the shift value was larger than or equal to the number of bits. If the shift value is too large, then value is masked (N-1) where N is the number of bits, and this value is then used to perform the shift.

Examples

Basic usage

assert_eq!(0x1u8.overflowing_shl(4), (0x10, false));
assert_eq!(0x1u8.overflowing_shl(132), (0x10, true));

pub const fn overflowing_shr(self, rhs: u32) -> (u8, bool)

Shifts self right by rhs bits.

Returns a tuple of the shifted version of self along with a boolean indicating whether the shift value was larger than or equal to the number of bits. If the shift value is too large, then value is masked (N-1) where N is the number of bits, and this value is then used to perform the shift.

Examples

Basic usage

assert_eq!(0x10u8.overflowing_shr(4), (0x1, false));
assert_eq!(0x10u8.overflowing_shr(132), (0x1, true));

pub const fn overflowing_pow(self, exp: u32) -> (u8, bool)

Raises self to the power of exp, using exponentiation by squaring.

Returns a tuple of the exponentiation along with a bool indicating whether an overflow happened.

Examples

Basic usage:

assert_eq!(3u8.overflowing_pow(5), (243, false));
assert_eq!(3u8.overflowing_pow(6), (217, true));

pub const fn pow(self, exp: u32) -> u8

Raises self to the power of exp, using exponentiation by squaring.

Examples

Basic usage:

assert_eq!(2u8.pow(5), 32);

pub const fn div_euclid(self, rhs: u8) -> u8

Performs Euclidean division.

Since, for the positive integers, all common definitions of division are equal, this is exactly equal to self / rhs.

Panics

This function will panic if rhs is 0.

Examples

Basic usage:

assert_eq!(7u8.div_euclid(4), 1); // or any other integer type

pub const fn rem_euclid(self, rhs: u8) -> u8

Calculates the least remainder of self (mod rhs).

Since, for the positive integers, all common definitions of division are equal, this is exactly equal to self % rhs.

Panics

This function will panic if rhs is 0.

Examples

Basic usage:

assert_eq!(7u8.rem_euclid(4), 3); // or any other integer type

pub const fn div_floor(self, rhs: u8) -> u8

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (int_roundings)

Calculates the quotient of self and rhs, rounding the result towards negative infinity.

This is the same as performing self / rhs for all unsigned integers.

Panics

This function will panic if rhs is zero.

Examples

Basic usage:

#![feature(int_roundings)]
assert_eq!(7_u8.div_floor(4), 1);

pub const fn div_ceil(self, rhs: u8) -> u8

Calculates the quotient of self and rhs, rounding the result towards positive infinity.

Panics

This function will panic if rhs is zero.

Overflow behavior

On overflow, this function will panic if overflow checks are enabled (default in debug mode) and wrap if overflow checks are disabled (default in release mode).

Examples

Basic usage:

assert_eq!(7_u8.div_ceil(4), 2);

pub const fn next_multiple_of(self, rhs: u8) -> u8

Calculates the smallest value greater than or equal to self that is a multiple of rhs.

Panics

This function will panic if rhs is zero.

Overflow behavior

On overflow, this function will panic if overflow checks are enabled (default in debug mode) and wrap if overflow checks are disabled (default in release mode).

Examples

Basic usage:

assert_eq!(16_u8.next_multiple_of(8), 16);
assert_eq!(23_u8.next_multiple_of(8), 24);

pub const fn checked_next_multiple_of(self, rhs: u8) -> Option<u8>

Calculates the smallest value greater than or equal to self that is a multiple of rhs. Returns None if rhs is zero or the operation would result in overflow.

Examples

Basic usage:

assert_eq!(16_u8.checked_next_multiple_of(8), Some(16));
assert_eq!(23_u8.checked_next_multiple_of(8), Some(24));
assert_eq!(1_u8.checked_next_multiple_of(0), None);
assert_eq!(u8::MAX.checked_next_multiple_of(2), None);

pub const fn is_power_of_two(self) -> bool

Returns true if and only if self == 2^k for some k.

Examples

Basic usage:

assert!(16u8.is_power_of_two());
assert!(!10u8.is_power_of_two());

pub const fn next_power_of_two(self) -> u8

Returns the smallest power of two greater than or equal to self.

When return value overflows (i.e., self > (1 << (N-1)) for type uN), it panics in debug mode and the return value is wrapped to 0 in release mode (the only situation in which method can return 0).

Examples

Basic usage:

assert_eq!(2u8.next_power_of_two(), 2);
assert_eq!(3u8.next_power_of_two(), 4);

pub const fn checked_next_power_of_two(self) -> Option<u8>

Returns the smallest power of two greater than or equal to n. If the next power of two is greater than the type’s maximum value, None is returned, otherwise the power of two is wrapped in Some.

Examples

Basic usage:

assert_eq!(2u8.checked_next_power_of_two(), Some(2));
assert_eq!(3u8.checked_next_power_of_two(), Some(4));
assert_eq!(u8::MAX.checked_next_power_of_two(), None);

pub fn wrapping_next_power_of_two(self) -> u8

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (wrapping_next_power_of_two)

Returns the smallest power of two greater than or equal to n. If the next power of two is greater than the type’s maximum value, the return value is wrapped to 0.

Examples

Basic usage:

#![feature(wrapping_next_power_of_two)]

assert_eq!(2u8.wrapping_next_power_of_two(), 2);
assert_eq!(3u8.wrapping_next_power_of_two(), 4);
assert_eq!(u8::MAX.wrapping_next_power_of_two(), 0);

pub const fn to_be_bytes(self) -> [u8; 1]

Return the memory representation of this integer as a byte array in big-endian (network) byte order.

Examples

let bytes = 0x12u8.to_be_bytes();
assert_eq!(bytes, [0x12]);

pub const fn to_le_bytes(self) -> [u8; 1]

Return the memory representation of this integer as a byte array in little-endian byte order.

Examples

let bytes = 0x12u8.to_le_bytes();
assert_eq!(bytes, [0x12]);

pub const fn to_ne_bytes(self) -> [u8; 1]

Return the memory representation of this integer as a byte array in native byte order.

As the target platform’s native endianness is used, portable code should use to_be_bytes or to_le_bytes, as appropriate, instead.

Examples

let bytes = 0x12u8.to_ne_bytes();
assert_eq!(
    bytes,
    if cfg!(target_endian = "big") {
        [0x12]
    } else {
        [0x12]
    }
);

pub const fn from_be_bytes(bytes: [u8; 1]) -> u8

Create a native endian integer value from its representation as a byte array in big endian.

Examples

let value = u8::from_be_bytes([0x12]);
assert_eq!(value, 0x12);

When starting from a slice rather than an array, fallible conversion APIs can be used:

fn read_be_u8(input: &mut &[u8]) -> u8 {
    let (int_bytes, rest) = input.split_at(std::mem::size_of::<u8>());
    *input = rest;
    u8::from_be_bytes(int_bytes.try_into().unwrap())
}

pub const fn from_le_bytes(bytes: [u8; 1]) -> u8

Create a native endian integer value from its representation as a byte array in little endian.

Examples

let value = u8::from_le_bytes([0x12]);
assert_eq!(value, 0x12);

When starting from a slice rather than an array, fallible conversion APIs can be used:

fn read_le_u8(input: &mut &[u8]) -> u8 {
    let (int_bytes, rest) = input.split_at(std::mem::size_of::<u8>());
    *input = rest;
    u8::from_le_bytes(int_bytes.try_into().unwrap())
}

pub const fn from_ne_bytes(bytes: [u8; 1]) -> u8

Create a native endian integer value from its memory representation as a byte array in native endianness.

As the target platform’s native endianness is used, portable code likely wants to use from_be_bytes or from_le_bytes, as appropriate instead.

Examples

let value = u8::from_ne_bytes(if cfg!(target_endian = "big") {
    [0x12]
} else {
    [0x12]
});
assert_eq!(value, 0x12);

When starting from a slice rather than an array, fallible conversion APIs can be used:

fn read_ne_u8(input: &mut &[u8]) -> u8 {
    let (int_bytes, rest) = input.split_at(std::mem::size_of::<u8>());
    *input = rest;
    u8::from_ne_bytes(int_bytes.try_into().unwrap())
}

pub const fn min_value() -> u8

👎Deprecating in a future Rust version: replaced by the MIN associated constant on this type

New code should prefer to use u8::MIN instead.

Returns the smallest value that can be represented by this integer type.

pub const fn max_value() -> u8

👎Deprecating in a future Rust version: replaced by the MAX associated constant on this type

New code should prefer to use u8::MAX instead.

Returns the largest value that can be represented by this integer type.

pub fn widening_mul(self, rhs: u8) -> (u8, u8)

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (bigint_helper_methods)

Calculates the complete product self * rhs without the possibility to overflow.

This returns the low-order (wrapping) bits and the high-order (overflow) bits of the result as two separate values, in that order.

If you also need to add a carry to the wide result, then you want Self::carrying_mul instead.

Examples

Basic usage:

Please note that this example is shared between integer types. Which explains why u32 is used here.

#![feature(bigint_helper_methods)]
assert_eq!(5u32.widening_mul(2), (10, 0));
assert_eq!(1_000_000_000u32.widening_mul(10), (1410065408, 2));

pub fn carrying_mul(self, rhs: u8, carry: u8) -> (u8, u8)

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (bigint_helper_methods)

Calculates the “full multiplication” self * rhs + carry without the possibility to overflow.

This returns the low-order (wrapping) bits and the high-order (overflow) bits of the result as two separate values, in that order.

Performs “long multiplication” which takes in an extra amount to add, and may return an additional amount of overflow. This allows for chaining together multiple multiplications to create “big integers” which represent larger values.

If you don’t need the carry, then you can use Self::widening_mul instead.

Examples

Basic usage:

Please note that this example is shared between integer types. Which explains why u32 is used here.

#![feature(bigint_helper_methods)]
assert_eq!(5u32.carrying_mul(2, 0), (10, 0));
assert_eq!(5u32.carrying_mul(2, 10), (20, 0));
assert_eq!(1_000_000_000u32.carrying_mul(10, 0), (1410065408, 2));
assert_eq!(1_000_000_000u32.carrying_mul(10, 10), (1410065418, 2));
assert_eq!(u8::MAX.carrying_mul(u8::MAX, u8::MAX), (0, u8::MAX));

This is the core operation needed for scalar multiplication when implementing it for wider-than-native types.

#![feature(bigint_helper_methods)]
fn scalar_mul_eq(little_endian_digits: &mut Vec<u16>, multiplicand: u16) {
    let mut carry = 0;
    for d in little_endian_digits.iter_mut() {
        (*d, carry) = d.carrying_mul(multiplicand, carry);
    }
    if carry != 0 {
        little_endian_digits.push(carry);
    }
}

let mut v = vec![10, 20];
scalar_mul_eq(&mut v, 3);
assert_eq!(v, [30, 60]);

assert_eq!(0x87654321_u64 * 0xFEED, 0x86D3D159E38D);
let mut v = vec![0x4321, 0x8765];
scalar_mul_eq(&mut v, 0xFEED);
assert_eq!(v, [0xE38D, 0xD159, 0x86D3]);

If carry is zero, this is similar to overflowing_mul, except that it gives the value of the overflow instead of just whether one happened:

#![feature(bigint_helper_methods)]
let r = u8::carrying_mul(7, 13, 0);
assert_eq!((r.0, r.1 != 0), u8::overflowing_mul(7, 13));
let r = u8::carrying_mul(13, 42, 0);
assert_eq!((r.0, r.1 != 0), u8::overflowing_mul(13, 42));

The value of the first field in the returned tuple matches what you’d get by combining the wrapping_mul and wrapping_add methods:

#![feature(bigint_helper_methods)]
assert_eq!(
    789_u16.carrying_mul(456, 123).0,
    789_u16.wrapping_mul(456).wrapping_add(123),
);

pub fn midpoint(self, rhs: u8) -> u8

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (num_midpoint)

Calculates the middle point of self and rhs.

midpoint(a, b) is (a + b) >> 1 as if it were performed in a sufficiently-large signed integral type. This implies that the result is always rounded towards negative infinity and that no overflow will ever occur.

Examples

#![feature(num_midpoint)]
assert_eq!(0u8.midpoint(4), 2);
assert_eq!(1u8.midpoint(4), 2);

pub const fn is_ascii(&self) -> bool

Checks if the value is within the ASCII range.

Examples

let ascii = 97u8;
let non_ascii = 150u8;

assert!(ascii.is_ascii());
assert!(!non_ascii.is_ascii());

pub const fn as_ascii(&self) -> Option<AsciiChar>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (ascii_char)

If the value of this byte is within the ASCII range, returns it as an ASCII character. Otherwise, returns None.

pub const fn to_ascii_uppercase(&self) -> u8

Makes a copy of the value in its ASCII upper case equivalent.

ASCII letters ‘a’ to ‘z’ are mapped to ‘A’ to ‘Z’, but non-ASCII letters are unchanged.

To uppercase the value in-place, use make_ascii_uppercase.

Examples

let lowercase_a = 97u8;

assert_eq!(65, lowercase_a.to_ascii_uppercase());

pub const fn to_ascii_lowercase(&self) -> u8

Makes a copy of the value in its ASCII lower case equivalent.

ASCII letters ‘A’ to ‘Z’ are mapped to ‘a’ to ‘z’, but non-ASCII letters are unchanged.

To lowercase the value in-place, use make_ascii_lowercase.

Examples

let uppercase_a = 65u8;

assert_eq!(97, uppercase_a.to_ascii_lowercase());

pub const fn eq_ignore_ascii_case(&self, other: &u8) -> bool

Checks that two values are an ASCII case-insensitive match.

This is equivalent to to_ascii_lowercase(a) == to_ascii_lowercase(b).

Examples

let lowercase_a = 97u8;
let uppercase_a = 65u8;

assert!(lowercase_a.eq_ignore_ascii_case(&uppercase_a));

pub fn make_ascii_uppercase(&mut self)

Converts this value to its ASCII upper case equivalent in-place.

ASCII letters ‘a’ to ‘z’ are mapped to ‘A’ to ‘Z’, but non-ASCII letters are unchanged.

To return a new uppercased value without modifying the existing one, use to_ascii_uppercase.

Examples

let mut byte = b'a';

byte.make_ascii_uppercase();

assert_eq!(b'A', byte);

pub fn make_ascii_lowercase(&mut self)

Converts this value to its ASCII lower case equivalent in-place.

ASCII letters ‘A’ to ‘Z’ are mapped to ‘a’ to ‘z’, but non-ASCII letters are unchanged.

To return a new lowercased value without modifying the existing one, use to_ascii_lowercase.

Examples

let mut byte = b'A';

byte.make_ascii_lowercase();

assert_eq!(b'a', byte);

pub const fn is_ascii_alphabetic(&self) -> bool

Checks if the value is an ASCII alphabetic character:

• U+0041 ‘A’ ..= U+005A ‘Z’, or
• U+0061 ‘a’ ..= U+007A ‘z’.

Examples

let uppercase_a = b'A';
let uppercase_g = b'G';
let a = b'a';
let g = b'g';
let zero = b'0';
let percent = b'%';
let space = b' ';
let lf = b'\n';
let esc = b'\x1b';

assert!(uppercase_a.is_ascii_alphabetic());
assert!(uppercase_g.is_ascii_alphabetic());
assert!(a.is_ascii_alphabetic());
assert!(g.is_ascii_alphabetic());
assert!(!zero.is_ascii_alphabetic());
assert!(!percent.is_ascii_alphabetic());
assert!(!space.is_ascii_alphabetic());
assert!(!lf.is_ascii_alphabetic());
assert!(!esc.is_ascii_alphabetic());

pub const fn is_ascii_uppercase(&self) -> bool

Checks if the value is an ASCII uppercase character: U+0041 ‘A’ ..= U+005A ‘Z’.

Examples

let uppercase_a = b'A';
let uppercase_g = b'G';
let a = b'a';
let g = b'g';
let zero = b'0';
let percent = b'%';
let space = b' ';
let lf = b'\n';
let esc = b'\x1b';

assert!(uppercase_a.is_ascii_uppercase());
assert!(uppercase_g.is_ascii_uppercase());
assert!(!a.is_ascii_uppercase());
assert!(!g.is_ascii_uppercase());
assert!(!zero.is_ascii_uppercase());
assert!(!percent.is_ascii_uppercase());
assert!(!space.is_ascii_uppercase());
assert!(!lf.is_ascii_uppercase());
assert!(!esc.is_ascii_uppercase());

pub const fn is_ascii_lowercase(&self) -> bool

Checks if the value is an ASCII lowercase character: U+0061 ‘a’ ..= U+007A ‘z’.

Examples

let uppercase_a = b'A';
let uppercase_g = b'G';
let a = b'a';
let g = b'g';
let zero = b'0';
let percent = b'%';
let space = b' ';
let lf = b'\n';
let esc = b'\x1b';

assert!(!uppercase_a.is_ascii_lowercase());
assert!(!uppercase_g.is_ascii_lowercase());
assert!(a.is_ascii_lowercase());
assert!(g.is_ascii_lowercase());
assert!(!zero.is_ascii_lowercase());
assert!(!percent.is_ascii_lowercase());
assert!(!space.is_ascii_lowercase());
assert!(!lf.is_ascii_lowercase());
assert!(!esc.is_ascii_lowercase());

pub const fn is_ascii_alphanumeric(&self) -> bool

Checks if the value is an ASCII alphanumeric character:

• U+0041 ‘A’ ..= U+005A ‘Z’, or
• U+0061 ‘a’ ..= U+007A ‘z’, or
• U+0030 ‘0’ ..= U+0039 ‘9’.

Examples

let uppercase_a = b'A';
let uppercase_g = b'G';
let a = b'a';
let g = b'g';
let zero = b'0';
let percent = b'%';
let space = b' ';
let lf = b'\n';
let esc = b'\x1b';

assert!(uppercase_a.is_ascii_alphanumeric());
assert!(uppercase_g.is_ascii_alphanumeric());
assert!(a.is_ascii_alphanumeric());
assert!(g.is_ascii_alphanumeric());
assert!(zero.is_ascii_alphanumeric());
assert!(!percent.is_ascii_alphanumeric());
assert!(!space.is_ascii_alphanumeric());
assert!(!lf.is_ascii_alphanumeric());
assert!(!esc.is_ascii_alphanumeric());

pub const fn is_ascii_digit(&self) -> bool

Checks if the value is an ASCII decimal digit: U+0030 ‘0’ ..= U+0039 ‘9’.

Examples

let uppercase_a = b'A';
let uppercase_g = b'G';
let a = b'a';
let g = b'g';
let zero = b'0';
let percent = b'%';
let space = b' ';
let lf = b'\n';
let esc = b'\x1b';

assert!(!uppercase_a.is_ascii_digit());
assert!(!uppercase_g.is_ascii_digit());
assert!(!a.is_ascii_digit());
assert!(!g.is_ascii_digit());
assert!(zero.is_ascii_digit());
assert!(!percent.is_ascii_digit());
assert!(!space.is_ascii_digit());
assert!(!lf.is_ascii_digit());
assert!(!esc.is_ascii_digit());

pub fn is_ascii_octdigit(&self) -> bool

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (is_ascii_octdigit)

Checks if the value is an ASCII octal digit: U+0030 ‘0’ ..= U+0037 ‘7’.

Examples

#![feature(is_ascii_octdigit)]

let uppercase_a = b'A';
let a = b'a';
let zero = b'0';
let seven = b'7';
let nine = b'9';
let percent = b'%';
let lf = b'\n';

assert!(!uppercase_a.is_ascii_octdigit());
assert!(!a.is_ascii_octdigit());
assert!(zero.is_ascii_octdigit());
assert!(seven.is_ascii_octdigit());
assert!(!nine.is_ascii_octdigit());
assert!(!percent.is_ascii_octdigit());
assert!(!lf.is_ascii_octdigit());

pub const fn is_ascii_hexdigit(&self) -> bool

Checks if the value is an ASCII hexadecimal digit:

• U+0030 ‘0’ ..= U+0039 ‘9’, or
• U+0041 ‘A’ ..= U+0046 ‘F’, or
• U+0061 ‘a’ ..= U+0066 ‘f’.

Examples

let uppercase_a = b'A';
let uppercase_g = b'G';
let a = b'a';
let g = b'g';
let zero = b'0';
let percent = b'%';
let space = b' ';
let lf = b'\n';
let esc = b'\x1b';

assert!(uppercase_a.is_ascii_hexdigit());
assert!(!uppercase_g.is_ascii_hexdigit());
assert!(a.is_ascii_hexdigit());
assert!(!g.is_ascii_hexdigit());
assert!(zero.is_ascii_hexdigit());
assert!(!percent.is_ascii_hexdigit());
assert!(!space.is_ascii_hexdigit());
assert!(!lf.is_ascii_hexdigit());
assert!(!esc.is_ascii_hexdigit());

pub const fn is_ascii_punctuation(&self) -> bool

Checks if the value is an ASCII punctuation character:

• U+0021 ..= U+002F ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * + , - . /, or
• U+003A ..= U+0040 : ; < = > ? @, or
• U+005B ..= U+0060 [ \ ] ^ _ `, or
• U+007B ..= U+007E { | } ~

Examples

let uppercase_a = b'A';
let uppercase_g = b'G';
let a = b'a';
let g = b'g';
let zero = b'0';
let percent = b'%';
let space = b' ';
let lf = b'\n';
let esc = b'\x1b';

assert!(!uppercase_a.is_ascii_punctuation());
assert!(!uppercase_g.is_ascii_punctuation());
assert!(!a.is_ascii_punctuation());
assert!(!g.is_ascii_punctuation());
assert!(!zero.is_ascii_punctuation());
assert!(percent.is_ascii_punctuation());
assert!(!space.is_ascii_punctuation());
assert!(!lf.is_ascii_punctuation());
assert!(!esc.is_ascii_punctuation());

pub const fn is_ascii_graphic(&self) -> bool

Checks if the value is an ASCII graphic character: U+0021 ‘!’ ..= U+007E ‘~’.

Examples

let uppercase_a = b'A';
let uppercase_g = b'G';
let a = b'a';
let g = b'g';
let zero = b'0';
let percent = b'%';
let space = b' ';
let lf = b'\n';
let esc = b'\x1b';

assert!(uppercase_a.is_ascii_graphic());
assert!(uppercase_g.is_ascii_graphic());
assert!(a.is_ascii_graphic());
assert!(g.is_ascii_graphic());
assert!(zero.is_ascii_graphic());
assert!(percent.is_ascii_graphic());
assert!(!space.is_ascii_graphic());
assert!(!lf.is_ascii_graphic());
assert!(!esc.is_ascii_graphic());

pub const fn is_ascii_whitespace(&self) -> bool

Checks if the value is an ASCII whitespace character: U+0020 SPACE, U+0009 HORIZONTAL TAB, U+000A LINE FEED, U+000C FORM FEED, or U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN.

Rust uses the WhatWG Infra Standard’s definition of ASCII whitespace. There are several other definitions in wide use. For instance, the POSIX locale includes U+000B VERTICAL TAB as well as all the above characters, but—from the very same specification—the default rule for “field splitting” in the Bourne shell considers only SPACE, HORIZONTAL TAB, and LINE FEED as whitespace.

If you are writing a program that will process an existing file format, check what that format’s definition of whitespace is before using this function.

Examples

let uppercase_a = b'A';
let uppercase_g = b'G';
let a = b'a';
let g = b'g';
let zero = b'0';
let percent = b'%';
let space = b' ';
let lf = b'\n';
let esc = b'\x1b';

assert!(!uppercase_a.is_ascii_whitespace());
assert!(!uppercase_g.is_ascii_whitespace());
assert!(!a.is_ascii_whitespace());
assert!(!g.is_ascii_whitespace());
assert!(!zero.is_ascii_whitespace());
assert!(!percent.is_ascii_whitespace());
assert!(space.is_ascii_whitespace());
assert!(lf.is_ascii_whitespace());
assert!(!esc.is_ascii_whitespace());

pub const fn is_ascii_control(&self) -> bool

Checks if the value is an ASCII control character: U+0000 NUL ..= U+001F UNIT SEPARATOR, or U+007F DELETE. Note that most ASCII whitespace characters are control characters, but SPACE is not.

Examples

let uppercase_a = b'A';
let uppercase_g = b'G';
let a = b'a';
let g = b'g';
let zero = b'0';
let percent = b'%';
let space = b' ';
let lf = b'\n';
let esc = b'\x1b';

assert!(!uppercase_a.is_ascii_control());
assert!(!uppercase_g.is_ascii_control());
assert!(!a.is_ascii_control());
assert!(!g.is_ascii_control());
assert!(!zero.is_ascii_control());
assert!(!percent.is_ascii_control());
assert!(!space.is_ascii_control());
assert!(lf.is_ascii_control());
assert!(esc.is_ascii_control());

pub fn escape_ascii(self) -> EscapeDefault

Returns an iterator that produces an escaped version of a u8, treating it as an ASCII character.

The behavior is identical to ascii::escape_default.

Examples

assert_eq!("0", b'0'.escape_ascii().to_string());
assert_eq!("\\t", b'\t'.escape_ascii().to_string());
assert_eq!("\\r", b'\r'.escape_ascii().to_string());
assert_eq!("\\n", b'\n'.escape_ascii().to_string());
assert_eq!("\\'", b'\''.escape_ascii().to_string());
assert_eq!("\\\"", b'"'.escape_ascii().to_string());
assert_eq!("\\\\", b'\\'.escape_ascii().to_string());
assert_eq!("\\x9d", b'\x9d'.escape_ascii().to_string());

Trait Implementations

impl AbsDiffEq<u8> for u8

type Epsilon = u8

Used for specifying relative comparisons.

fn default_epsilon() -> u8

The default tolerance to use when testing values that are close together.

fn abs_diff_eq(&self, other: &u8, epsilon: u8) -> bool

A test for equality that uses the absolute difference to compute the approximate equality of two numbers.

fn abs_diff_ne(&self, other: &Rhs, epsilon: Self::Epsilon) -> bool

The inverse of [AbsDiffEq::abs_diff_eq].

impl<'a> Add<&'a Complex<u8>> for u8

type Output = Complex<u8>

The resulting type after applying the + operator.

fn add(self, other: &Complex<u8>) -> Complex<u8>

Performs the + operation.

impl Add<&BigInt> for u8

type Output = BigInt

The resulting type after applying the + operator.

fn add(self, other: &BigInt) -> BigInt

Performs the + operation.

impl Add<&BigUint> for u8

type Output = BigUint

The resulting type after applying the + operator.

fn add(self, other: &BigUint) -> BigUint

Performs the + operation.

impl Add<&u8> for u8

type Output = <u8 as Add<u8>>::Output

The resulting type after applying the + operator.

fn add(self, other: &u8) -> <u8 as Add<u8>>::Output

Performs the + operation.

impl Add<BigInt> for u8

type Output = BigInt

The resulting type after applying the + operator.

fn add(self, other: BigInt) -> BigInt

Performs the + operation.

impl Add<BigUint> for u8

type Output = BigUint

The resulting type after applying the + operator.

fn add(self, other: BigUint) -> BigUint

Performs the + operation.

impl Add<Complex<u8>> for u8

type Output = Complex<u8>

The resulting type after applying the + operator.

fn add(self, other: Complex<u8>) -> <u8 as Add<Complex<u8>>>::Output

Performs the + operation.

impl<T, R> Add<Optional<T>> for u8where T: Add<u8, Output = R>,

type Output = Optional<R>

The resulting type after applying the + operator.

fn add(self, rhs: Optional<T>) -> <u8 as Add<Optional<T>>>::Output

Performs the + operation.

impl Add<u8> for u8

type Output = u8

The resulting type after applying the + operator.

fn add(self, other: u8) -> u8

Performs the + operation.

impl Add<u8x16> for u8

type Output = u8x16

The resulting type after applying the + operator.

fn add(self, rhs: u8x16) -> <u8 as Add<u8x16>>::Output

Performs the + operation.

impl AddAssign<&u8> for u8

fn add_assign(&mut self, other: &u8)

Performs the += operation.

impl AddAssign<u8> for u8

fn add_assign(&mut self, other: u8)

Performs the += operation.

impl<'a> Arbitrary<'a> for u8

fn arbitrary(u: &mut Unstructured<'a>) -> Result<u8, Error>

Generate an arbitrary value of Self from the given unstructured data.

fn size_hint(_depth: usize) -> (usize, Option<usize>)

Get a size hint for how many bytes out of an Unstructured this type needs to construct itself.

fn arbitrary_take_rest(u: Unstructured<'a>) -> Result<Self, Error>

Generate an arbitrary value of Self from the entirety of the given unstructured data.

impl Archive for u8

type Archived = u8

The archived representation of this type.

type Resolver = ()

The resolver for this type. It must contain all the additional information from serializing needed to make the archived type from the normal type.

unsafe fn resolve( &self, _: usize, _: <u8 as Archive>::Resolver, out: *mut <u8 as Archive>::Archived )

Creates the archived version of this value at the given position and writes it to the given output.

impl AsChar for u8

fn as_char(self) -> char

Makes a char from self

fn is_alpha(self) -> bool

Tests that self is an alphabetic character

fn is_alphanum(self) -> bool

Tests that self is an alphabetic character or a decimal digit

fn is_dec_digit(self) -> bool

Tests that self is a decimal digit

fn is_hex_digit(self) -> bool

Tests that self is an hex digit

fn is_oct_digit(self) -> bool

Tests that self is an octal digit

fn len(self) -> usize

Gets the len in bytes for self

fn is_space(self) -> bool

Tests that self is ASCII space or tab

fn is_newline(self) -> bool

Tests if byte is ASCII newline: \n

impl AsPrimitive<char> for u8

fn as_(self) -> char

Convert a value to another, using the as operator.

impl AsPrimitive<f32> for u8

fn as_(self) -> f32

Convert a value to another, using the as operator.

impl AsPrimitive<f64> for u8

fn as_(self) -> f64

Convert a value to another, using the as operator.

impl AsPrimitive<i128> for u8

fn as_(self) -> i128

Convert a value to another, using the as operator.

impl AsPrimitive<i16> for u8

fn as_(self) -> i16

Convert a value to another, using the as operator.

impl AsPrimitive<i32> for u8

fn as_(self) -> i32

Convert a value to another, using the as operator.

impl AsPrimitive<i64> for u8

fn as_(self) -> i64

Convert a value to another, using the as operator.

impl AsPrimitive<i8> for u8

fn as_(self) -> i8

Convert a value to another, using the as operator.

impl AsPrimitive<isize> for u8

fn as_(self) -> isize

Convert a value to another, using the as operator.

impl AsPrimitive<u128> for u8

fn as_(self) -> u128

Convert a value to another, using the as operator.

impl AsPrimitive<u16> for u8

fn as_(self) -> u16

Convert a value to another, using the as operator.

impl AsPrimitive<u32> for u8

fn as_(self) -> u32

Convert a value to another, using the as operator.

impl AsPrimitive<u64> for u8

fn as_(self) -> u64

Convert a value to another, using the as operator.

impl AsPrimitive<u8> for u8

fn as_(self) -> u8

Convert a value to another, using the as operator.

impl AsPrimitive<usize> for u8

fn as_(self) -> usize

Convert a value to another, using the as operator.

impl AsciiExt for u8

type Owned = u8

👎Deprecated since 1.26.0: use inherent methods instead

Container type for copied ASCII characters.

fn is_ascii(&self) -> bool

👎Deprecated since 1.26.0: use inherent methods instead

Checks if the value is within the ASCII range.

fn to_ascii_uppercase(&self) -> <u8 as AsciiExt>::Owned

👎Deprecated since 1.26.0: use inherent methods instead

Makes a copy of the value in its ASCII upper case equivalent.

fn to_ascii_lowercase(&self) -> <u8 as AsciiExt>::Owned

👎Deprecated since 1.26.0: use inherent methods instead

Makes a copy of the value in its ASCII lower case equivalent.

fn eq_ignore_ascii_case(&self, o: &u8) -> bool

👎Deprecated since 1.26.0: use inherent methods instead

Checks that two values are an ASCII case-insensitive match.

fn make_ascii_uppercase(&mut self)

👎Deprecated since 1.26.0: use inherent methods instead

Converts this type to its ASCII upper case equivalent in-place.

fn make_ascii_lowercase(&mut self)

👎Deprecated since 1.26.0: use inherent methods instead

Converts this type to its ASCII lower case equivalent in-place.

impl Binary for u8

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl BitAnd<&u8> for u8

type Output = <u8 as BitAnd<u8>>::Output

The resulting type after applying the & operator.

fn bitand(self, other: &u8) -> <u8 as BitAnd<u8>>::Output

Performs the & operation.

impl BitAnd<u8> for u8

type Output = u8

The resulting type after applying the & operator.

fn bitand(self, rhs: u8) -> u8

Performs the & operation.

impl BitAndAssign<&u8> for u8

fn bitand_assign(&mut self, other: &u8)

Performs the &= operation.

impl BitAndAssign<u8> for u8

fn bitand_assign(&mut self, other: u8)

Performs the &= operation.

impl BitBlock for u8

fn bits() -> usize

How many bits it has

fn from_byte(byte: u8) -> u8

Convert a byte into this type (lowest-order bits set)

fn count_ones(self) -> usize

Count the number of 1’s in the bitwise repr

fn one() -> u8

Get 1

fn zero() -> u8

Get 0

fn bytes() -> usize

How many bytes it has

impl BitOr<&u8> for u8

type Output = <u8 as BitOr<u8>>::Output

The resulting type after applying the | operator.

fn bitor(self, other: &u8) -> <u8 as BitOr<u8>>::Output

Performs the | operation.

impl BitOr<NonZeroU8> for u8

type Output = NonZeroU8

The resulting type after applying the | operator.

fn bitor(self, rhs: NonZeroU8) -> <u8 as BitOr<NonZeroU8>>::Output

Performs the | operation.

impl BitOr<u8> for u8

type Output = u8

The resulting type after applying the | operator.

fn bitor(self, rhs: u8) -> u8

Performs the | operation.

impl BitOrAssign<&u8> for u8

fn bitor_assign(&mut self, other: &u8)

Performs the |= operation.

impl BitOrAssign<u8> for u8

fn bitor_assign(&mut self, other: u8)

Performs the |= operation.

impl BitXor<&u8> for u8

type Output = <u8 as BitXor<u8>>::Output

The resulting type after applying the ^ operator.

fn bitxor(self, other: &u8) -> <u8 as BitXor<u8>>::Output

Performs the ^ operation.

impl BitXor<u8> for u8

type Output = u8

The resulting type after applying the ^ operator.

fn bitxor(self, other: u8) -> u8

Performs the ^ operation.

impl BitXorAssign<&u8> for u8

fn bitxor_assign(&mut self, other: &u8)

Performs the ^= operation.

impl BitXorAssign<u8> for u8

fn bitxor_assign(&mut self, other: u8)

Performs the ^= operation.

impl Bits for u8

const EMPTY: u8 = 0u8

A value with all bits unset.

const ALL: u8 = 255u8

A value with all bits set.

impl Bounded for u8

fn min_value() -> u8

Returns the smallest finite number this type can represent

fn max_value() -> u8

Returns the largest finite number this type can represent

impl Bounded for u8

fn lower(&self) -> u8

fn upper(&self) -> u8

impl CallHasher for u8

fn get_hash<H, B>(value: &H, build_hasher: &B) -> u64where H: Hash + ?Sized, B: BuildHasher,

impl Cardinality for u8

type Size = u8

fn size(&self) -> u8

impl CheckedAdd for u8

fn checked_add(&self, v: &u8) -> Option<u8>

Adds two numbers, checking for overflow. If overflow happens, None is returned.

impl CheckedDiv for u8

fn checked_div(&self, v: &u8) -> Option<u8>

Divides two numbers, checking for underflow, overflow and division by zero. If any of that happens, None is returned.

impl CheckedEuclid for u8

fn checked_div_euclid(&self, v: &u8) -> Option<u8>

Performs euclid division that returns None instead of panicking on division by zero and instead of wrapping around on underflow and overflow.

fn checked_rem_euclid(&self, v: &u8) -> Option<u8>

Finds the euclid remainder of dividing two numbers, checking for underflow, overflow and division by zero. If any of that happens, None is returned.

impl CheckedMul for u8

fn checked_mul(&self, v: &u8) -> Option<u8>

Multiplies two numbers, checking for underflow or overflow. If underflow or overflow happens, None is returned.

impl CheckedNeg for u8

fn checked_neg(&self) -> Option<u8>

Negates a number, returning None for results that can’t be represented, like signed MIN values that can’t be positive, or non-zero unsigned values that can’t be negative.

impl CheckedRem for u8

fn checked_rem(&self, v: &u8) -> Option<u8>

Finds the remainder of dividing two numbers, checking for underflow, overflow and division by zero. If any of that happens, None is returned.

impl CheckedShl for u8

fn checked_shl(&self, rhs: u32) -> Option<u8>

Checked shift left. Computes self << rhs, returning None if rhs is larger than or equal to the number of bits in self.

impl CheckedShr for u8

fn checked_shr(&self, rhs: u32) -> Option<u8>

Checked shift right. Computes self >> rhs, returning None if rhs is larger than or equal to the number of bits in self.

impl CheckedSub for u8

fn checked_sub(&self, v: &u8) -> Option<u8>

Subtracts two numbers, checking for underflow. If underflow happens, None is returned.

impl Clone for u8

fn clone(&self) -> u8

Returns a copy of the value.

fn clone_from(&mut self, source: &Self)

Performs copy-assignment from source.

impl Codec for u8

fn encode(&self, bytes: &mut Vec<u8, Global>)

Function for encoding itself by appending itself to the provided vec of bytes.

fn read(r: &mut Reader<'_>) -> Option<u8>

Function for decoding itself from the provided reader will return Some if the decoding was successful or None if it was not.

fn get_encoding(&self) -> Vec<u8, Global>

Convenience function for encoding the implementation into a vec and returning it

fn read_bytes(bytes: &[u8]) -> Option<Self>

Function for wrapping a call to the read function in a Reader for the slice of bytes provided

impl Collection for u8

type Item = u8

impl ConditionallySelectable for u8

fn conditional_select(a: &u8, b: &u8, choice: Choice) -> u8

Select a or b according to choice.

fn conditional_assign(&mut self, other: &u8, choice: Choice)

Conditionally assign other to self, according to choice.

fn conditional_swap(a: &mut u8, b: &mut u8, choice: Choice)

Conditionally swap self and other if choice == 1; otherwise, reassign both unto themselves.

impl ConstantTimeEq for u8

fn ct_eq(&self, other: &u8) -> Choice

Determine if two items are equal.

fn ct_ne(&self, other: &Self) -> Choice

Determine if two items are NOT equal.

impl ConstantTimeGreater for u8

fn ct_gt(&self, other: &u8) -> Choice

Returns Choice::from(1) iff x > y, and Choice::from(0) iff x <= y.

Note

This algoritm would also work for signed integers if we first flip the top bit, e.g. let x: u8 = x ^ 0x80, etc.

impl ConstantTimeLess for u8

fn ct_lt(&self, other: &Self) -> Choice

Determine whether self < other.

impl Contains for u8

fn contains(&self, value: &u8) -> bool

impl<'a> ContainsToken<&'a char> for u8

fn contains_token(&self, token: &char) -> bool

Returns true if self contains the token

impl<'a> ContainsToken<&'a u8> for u8

fn contains_token(&self, token: &u8) -> bool

Returns true if self contains the token

impl ContainsToken<char> for u8

fn contains_token(&self, token: char) -> bool

Returns true if self contains the token

impl ContainsToken<u8> for u8

fn contains_token(&self, token: u8) -> bool

Returns true if self contains the token

impl Contiguous for u8

type Int = u8

The primitive integer type with an identical representation to this type.

const MAX_VALUE: u8 = 255u8

The upper inclusive bound for valid instances of this type.

const MIN_VALUE: u8 = 0u8

The lower inclusive bound for valid instances of this type.

fn from_integer(value: Self::Int) -> Option<Self>

If value is within the range for valid instances of this type, returns Some(converted_value), otherwise, returns None.

fn into_integer(self) -> Self::Int

Perform the conversion from C into the underlying integral type. This mostly exists otherwise generic code would need unsafe for the value as integer

impl Debug for u8

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl Default for u8

fn default() -> u8

Returns the default value of 0

impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for u8

fn deserialize<D>( deserializer: D ) -> Result<u8, <D as Deserializer<'de>>::Error>where D: Deserializer<'de>,

Deserialize this value from the given Serde deserializer.

impl Difference<Optional<u8>> for u8

type Output = Optional<u8>

fn difference( &self, other: &Optional<u8> ) -> <u8 as Difference<Optional<u8>>>::Output

impl Disjoint<Interval<u8>> for u8

fn is_disjoint(&self, value: &Interval<u8>) -> bool

impl<T> Disjoint<Optional<T>> for u8where T: Disjoint<u8>,

fn is_disjoint(&self, other: &Optional<T>) -> bool

impl Disjoint<u8> for u8

fn is_disjoint(&self, value: &u8) -> bool

impl Display for u8

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl<'a> Div<&'a Complex<u8>> for u8

type Output = Complex<u8>

The resulting type after applying the / operator.

fn div(self, other: &Complex<u8>) -> Complex<u8>

Performs the / operation.

impl Div<&BigInt> for u8

type Output = BigInt

The resulting type after applying the / operator.

fn div(self, other: &BigInt) -> BigInt

Performs the / operation.

impl Div<&BigUint> for u8

type Output = BigUint

The resulting type after applying the / operator.

fn div(self, other: &BigUint) -> BigUint

Performs the / operation.

impl Div<&u8> for u8

type Output = <u8 as Div<u8>>::Output

The resulting type after applying the / operator.

fn div(self, other: &u8) -> <u8 as Div<u8>>::Output

Performs the / operation.

impl Div<BigInt> for u8

type Output = BigInt

The resulting type after applying the / operator.

fn div(self, other: BigInt) -> BigInt

Performs the / operation.

impl Div<BigUint> for u8

type Output = BigUint

The resulting type after applying the / operator.

fn div(self, other: BigUint) -> BigUint

Performs the / operation.

impl Div<Complex<u8>> for u8

type Output = Complex<u8>

The resulting type after applying the / operator.

fn div(self, other: Complex<u8>) -> <u8 as Div<Complex<u8>>>::Output

Performs the / operation.

impl Div<NonZeroU8> for u8

fn div(self, other: NonZeroU8) -> u8

This operation rounds towards zero, truncating any fractional part of the exact result, and cannot panic.

type Output = u8

The resulting type after applying the / operator.

impl Div<u8> for u8

This operation rounds towards zero, truncating any fractional part of the exact result.

Panics

This operation will panic if other == 0.

type Output = u8

The resulting type after applying the / operator.

fn div(self, other: u8) -> u8

Performs the / operation.

impl DivAssign<&u8> for u8

fn div_assign(&mut self, other: &u8)

Performs the /= operation.

impl DivAssign<u8> for u8

fn div_assign(&mut self, other: u8)

Performs the /= operation.

impl Euclid for u8

fn div_euclid(&self, v: &u8) -> u8

Calculates Euclidean division, the matching method for rem_euclid.

fn rem_euclid(&self, v: &u8) -> u8

Calculates the least nonnegative remainder of self (mod v).

impl From<ComponentSectionId> for u8

fn from(id: ComponentSectionId) -> u8

Converts to this type from the input type.

impl From<DataFlags> for u8

fn from(src: DataFlags) -> u8

Converts to this type from the input type.

impl From<EntryDefIndex> for u8

fn from(ei: EntryDefIndex) -> u8

Converts to this type from the input type.

impl From<HeadersFlag> for u8

fn from(src: HeadersFlag) -> u8

Converts to this type from the input type.

impl From<LongHeaderType> for u8

fn from(ty: LongHeaderType) -> u8

Converts to this type from the input type.

impl From<Marker> for u8

fn from(val: Marker) -> u8

Converts to this type from the input type.

impl From<Month> for u8

fn from(month: Month) -> u8

Converts to this type from the input type.

impl From<NonZeroU8> for u8

fn from(nonzero: NonZeroU8) -> u8

Converts a NonZeroU8 into an u8

impl From<OpCode> for u8

fn from(code: OpCode) -> u8

Converts to this type from the input type.

impl From<PushPromiseFlag> for u8

fn from(src: PushPromiseFlag) -> u8

Converts to this type from the input type.

impl From<RequiredValidations> for u8

fn from(required_validations: RequiredValidations) -> u8

Converts to this type from the input type.

impl From<SectionId> for u8

fn from(id: SectionId) -> u8

Converts to this type from the input type.

impl From<SettingsFlags> for u8

fn from(src: SettingsFlags) -> u8

Converts to this type from the input type.

impl From<Tag> for u8

fn from(tag: Tag) -> u8

Converts to this type from the input type.

impl From<ZomeIndex> for u8

fn from(a: ZomeIndex) -> u8

Converts to this type from the input type.

impl From<bool> for u8

fn from(small: bool) -> u8

Converts a bool to a u8. The resulting value is 0 for false and 1 for true values.

Examples

assert_eq!(u8::from(true), 1);
assert_eq!(u8::from(false), 0);

impl FromBytes for u8

type Bytes = [u8; 1]

fn from_be_bytes(bytes: &<u8 as FromBytes>::Bytes) -> u8

Create a number from its representation as a byte array in big endian.

fn from_le_bytes(bytes: &<u8 as FromBytes>::Bytes) -> u8

Create a number from its representation as a byte array in little endian.

fn from_ne_bytes(bytes: &<u8 as FromBytes>::Bytes) -> u8

Create a number from its memory representation as a byte array in native endianness.

impl FromFormattedStr for u8

fn from_formatted_str<F>(s: &str, format: &F) -> Result<u8, Error>where F: Format,

impl FromPrimitive for u8

fn from_isize(n: isize) -> Option<u8>

Converts an isize to return an optional value of this type. If the value cannot be represented by this type, then None is returned.

fn from_i8(n: i8) -> Option<u8>

Converts an i8 to return an optional value of this type. If the value cannot be represented by this type, then None is returned.

fn from_i16(n: i16) -> Option<u8>

Converts an i16 to return an optional value of this type. If the value cannot be represented by this type, then None is returned.

fn from_i32(n: i32) -> Option<u8>

Converts an i32 to return an optional value of this type. If the value cannot be represented by this type, then None is returned.

fn from_i64(n: i64) -> Option<u8>

Converts an i64 to return an optional value of this type. If the value cannot be represented by this type, then None is returned.

fn from_i128(n: i128) -> Option<u8>

Converts an i128 to return an optional value of this type. If the value cannot be represented by this type, then None is returned.

fn from_usize(n: usize) -> Option<u8>

Converts a usize to return an optional value of this type. If the value cannot be represented by this type, then None is returned.

fn from_u8(n: u8) -> Option<u8>

Converts an u8 to return an optional value of this type. If the value cannot be represented by this type, then None is returned.

fn from_u16(n: u16) -> Option<u8>

Converts an u16 to return an optional value of this type. If the value cannot be represented by this type, then None is returned.

fn from_u32(n: u32) -> Option<u8>

Converts an u32 to return an optional value of this type. If the value cannot be represented by this type, then None is returned.

fn from_u64(n: u64) -> Option<u8>

Converts an u64 to return an optional value of this type. If the value cannot be represented by this type, then None is returned.

fn from_u128(n: u128) -> Option<u8>

Converts an u128 to return an optional value of this type. If the value cannot be represented by this type, then None is returned.

fn from_f32(n: f32) -> Option<u8>

Converts a f32 to return an optional value of this type. If the value cannot be represented by this type, then None is returned.

fn from_f64(n: f64) -> Option<u8>

Converts a f64 to return an optional value of this type. If the value cannot be represented by this type, then None is returned.

impl FromSql for u8

fn column_result(value: ValueRef<'_>) -> Result<u8, FromSqlError>

Converts SQLite value into Rust value.

impl FromStr for u8

type Err = ParseIntError

The associated error which can be returned from parsing.

fn from_str(src: &str) -> Result<u8, ParseIntError>

Parses a string s to return a value of this type.

impl FromToNativeWasmType for u8

type Native = i32

Native Wasm type.

fn from_native(native: <u8 as FromToNativeWasmType>::Native) -> u8

Convert a value of kind Self::Native to Self.

fn to_native(self) -> <u8 as FromToNativeWasmType>::Native

Convert self to Self::Native.

impl Hash for u8

fn hash<H>(&self, state: &mut H)where H: Hasher,

Feeds this value into the given Hasher.

fn hash_slice<H>(data: &[u8], state: &mut H)where H: Hasher,

Feeds a slice of this type into the given Hasher.

impl Hull<Interval<u8>> for u8

type Output = Interval<u8>

fn hull(&self, other: &Interval<u8>) -> Interval<u8>

impl HumanCount for u8

fn human_count<'a>(self, unit: impl Into<Cow<'a, str>>) -> HumanCountData<'a>

Generate beautiful human-readable counts supporting automatic prefixes and custom units.

fn human_count_bare(self) -> HumanCountData<'static>

Generate beautiful human-readable counts supporting automatic prefixes.

fn human_count_bytes(self) -> HumanCountData<'static>

Generate beautiful human-readable counts supporting automatic prefixes and Bytes B as the unit.

impl HumanDuration for u8

fn human_duration(self) -> HumanDurationData

Generate beautiful human-readable durations supporting automatic prefixes.

impl HumanThroughput for u8

fn human_throughput<'a>( self, unit: impl Into<Cow<'a, str>> ) -> HumanThroughputData<'a>

Generate beautiful human-readable throughputs supporting automatic prefixes and custom units.

fn human_throughput_bare(self) -> HumanThroughputData<'static>

Generate beautiful human-readable throughputs supporting automatic prefixes.

fn human_throughput_bytes(self) -> HumanThroughputData<'static>

Generate beautiful human-readable throughputs supporting automatic prefixes and Bytes B as the unit.

impl Integer for u8

fn div_floor(&self, other: &u8) -> u8

Unsigned integer division. Returns the same result as div (/).

fn mod_floor(&self, other: &u8) -> u8

Unsigned integer modulo operation. Returns the same result as rem (%).

fn gcd(&self, other: &u8) -> u8

Calculates the Greatest Common Divisor (GCD) of the number and other

fn lcm(&self, other: &u8) -> u8

Calculates the Lowest Common Multiple (LCM) of the number and other.

fn gcd_lcm(&self, other: &u8) -> (u8, u8)

Calculates the Greatest Common Divisor (GCD) and Lowest Common Multiple (LCM) of the number and other.

fn divides(&self, other: &u8) -> bool

Deprecated, use is_multiple_of instead.

fn is_multiple_of(&self, other: &u8) -> bool

Returns true if the number is a multiple of other.

fn is_even(&self) -> bool

Returns true if the number is divisible by 2.

fn is_odd(&self) -> bool

Returns true if the number is not divisible by 2.

fn div_rem(&self, other: &u8) -> (u8, u8)

Simultaneous truncated integer division and modulus.

fn div_ceil(&self, other: &u8) -> u8

Ceiled integer division.

fn extended_gcd_lcm(&self, other: &u8) -> (ExtendedGcd<u8>, u8)

Greatest common divisor, least common multiple, and Bézout coefficients.

fn extended_gcd(&self, other: &Self) -> ExtendedGcd<Self>where Self: Clone,

Greatest common divisor and Bézout coefficients.

fn div_mod_floor(&self, other: &Self) -> (Self, Self)

Simultaneous floored integer division and modulus. Returns (quotient, remainder).

fn next_multiple_of(&self, other: &Self) -> Selfwhere Self: Clone,

Rounds up to nearest multiple of argument.

fn prev_multiple_of(&self, other: &Self) -> Selfwhere Self: Clone,

Rounds down to nearest multiple of argument.

impl Intersection<Optional<u8>> for u8

type Output = Optional<u8>

fn intersection( &self, other: &Optional<u8> ) -> <u8 as Intersection<Optional<u8>>>::Output

impl IntoBytes for u8

fn into_bytes(self) -> Vec<u8, Global>

Return the little-endian byte representation of the implementing type.

impl<'de, E> IntoDeserializer<'de, E> for u8where E: Error,

type Deserializer = U8Deserializer<E>

The type of the deserializer being converted into.

fn into_deserializer(self) -> U8Deserializer<E>

Convert this value into a deserializer.

impl LowerExp for u8

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl LowerHex for u8

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl MemoryUsage for u8

fn size_of_val(&self, _: &mut dyn MemoryUsageTracker) -> usize

Returns the size of the referenced value in bytes.

impl<'a> Mul<&'a Complex<u8>> for u8

type Output = Complex<u8>

The resulting type after applying the * operator.

fn mul(self, other: &Complex<u8>) -> Complex<u8>

Performs the * operation.

impl<'b, R, C, S> Mul<&'b Matrix<u8, R, C, S>> for u8where R: Dim, C: Dim, S: Storage<u8, R, C>, DefaultAllocator: Allocator<u8, R, C>,

type Output = Matrix<u8, R, C, <DefaultAllocator as Allocator<u8, R, C>>::Buffer>

The resulting type after applying the * operator.

fn mul( self, rhs: &'b Matrix<u8, R, C, S> ) -> <u8 as Mul<&'b Matrix<u8, R, C, S>>>::Output

Performs the * operation.

impl<'b, D> Mul<&'b OPoint<u8, D>> for u8where D: DimName, DefaultAllocator: Allocator<u8, D, Const<1>>,

type Output = OPoint<u8, D>

The resulting type after applying the * operator.

fn mul(self, right: &'b OPoint<u8, D>) -> <u8 as Mul<&'b OPoint<u8, D>>>::Output

Performs the * operation.

impl Mul<&BigInt> for u8

type Output = BigInt

The resulting type after applying the * operator.

fn mul(self, other: &BigInt) -> BigInt

Performs the * operation.

impl Mul<&BigUint> for u8

type Output = BigUint

The resulting type after applying the * operator.

fn mul(self, other: &BigUint) -> BigUint

Performs the * operation.

impl Mul<&u8> for u8

type Output = <u8 as Mul<u8>>::Output

The resulting type after applying the * operator.

fn mul(self, other: &u8) -> <u8 as Mul<u8>>::Output

Performs the * operation.

impl Mul<BigInt> for u8

type Output = BigInt

The resulting type after applying the * operator.

fn mul(self, other: BigInt) -> BigInt

Performs the * operation.

impl Mul<BigUint> for u8

type Output = BigUint

The resulting type after applying the * operator.

fn mul(self, other: BigUint) -> BigUint

Performs the * operation.

impl Mul<Complex<u8>> for u8

type Output = Complex<u8>

The resulting type after applying the * operator.

fn mul(self, other: Complex<u8>) -> <u8 as Mul<Complex<u8>>>::Output

Performs the * operation.

impl Mul<Duration> for u8

type Output = Duration

The resulting type after applying the * operator.

fn mul(self, rhs: Duration) -> <u8 as Mul<Duration>>::Output

Performs the * operation.

impl<R, C, S> Mul<Matrix<u8, R, C, S>> for u8where R: Dim, C: Dim, S: Storage<u8, R, C>, DefaultAllocator: Allocator<u8, R, C>,

type Output = Matrix<u8, R, C, <DefaultAllocator as Allocator<u8, R, C>>::Buffer>

The resulting type after applying the * operator.

fn mul( self, rhs: Matrix<u8, R, C, S> ) -> <u8 as Mul<Matrix<u8, R, C, S>>>::Output

Performs the * operation.

impl<D> Mul<OPoint<u8, D>> for u8where D: DimName, DefaultAllocator: Allocator<u8, D, Const<1>>,

type Output = OPoint<u8, D>

The resulting type after applying the * operator.

fn mul(self, right: OPoint<u8, D>) -> <u8 as Mul<OPoint<u8, D>>>::Output

Performs the * operation.

impl<T, R> Mul<Optional<T>> for u8where T: Mul<u8, Output = R>,

type Output = Optional<R>

The resulting type after applying the * operator.

fn mul(self, other: Optional<T>) -> <u8 as Mul<Optional<T>>>::Output

Performs the * operation.

impl Mul<u8> for u8

type Output = u8

The resulting type after applying the * operator.

fn mul(self, other: u8) -> u8

Performs the * operation.

impl MulAdd<u8, u8> for u8

type Output = u8

The resulting type after applying the fused multiply-add.

fn mul_add(self, a: u8, b: u8) -> <u8 as MulAdd<u8, u8>>::Output

Performs the fused multiply-add operation (self * a) + b

impl MulAddAssign<u8, u8> for u8

fn mul_add_assign(&mut self, a: u8, b: u8)

Performs the fused multiply-add assignment operation *self = (*self * a) + b

impl MulAssign<&u8> for u8

fn mul_assign(&mut self, other: &u8)

Performs the *= operation.

impl MulAssign<u8> for u8

fn mul_assign(&mut self, other: u8)

Performs the *= operation.

impl NonZeroAble for u8

type NonZero = NonZeroU8

The concrete non-zero type represented by an implementation of this trait. For example, for u8’s implementation, it is NonZeroU8.

fn into_nonzero(self) -> Option<NonZeroU8>

Converts the integer to its non-zero equivalent.

unsafe fn into_nonzero_unchecked(self) -> NonZeroU8

Converts the integer to its non-zero equivalent without checking for zeroness.

fn as_nonzero(self) -> Option<Self::NonZero>where Self: Sized,

👎Deprecated since 0.2.0: Renamed to into_nonzero

Converts the integer to its non-zero equivalent.

unsafe fn as_nonzero_unchecked(self) -> Self::NonZerowhere Self: Sized,

👎Deprecated since 0.2.0: Renamed to into_nonzero_unchecked

Converts the integer to its non-zero equivalent without checking for zeroness.

impl Not for u8

type Output = u8

The resulting type after applying the ! operator.

fn not(self) -> u8

Performs the unary ! operation.

impl Num for u8

type FromStrRadixErr = ParseIntError

fn from_str_radix(s: &str, radix: u32) -> Result<u8, ParseIntError>

Convert from a string and radix (typically 2..=36).

impl NumCast for u8

fn from<N>(n: N) -> Option<u8>where N: ToPrimitive,

Creates a number from another value that can be converted into a primitive via the ToPrimitive trait. If the source value cannot be represented by the target type, then None is returned.

impl Octal for u8

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl Offset for u8

fn between(from: usize, to: usize) -> Result<u8, OffsetError>

Creates a new offset between a from position and a to position.

fn to_isize(&self) -> isize

Gets the offset as an isize.

impl One for u8

fn one() -> u8

Returns the multiplicative identity element of Self, 1.

fn is_one(&self) -> bool

Returns true if self is equal to the multiplicative identity.

fn set_one(&mut self)

Sets self to the multiplicative identity element of Self, 1.

impl Ord for u8

fn cmp(&self, other: &u8) -> Ordering

This method returns an Ordering between self and other.

fn max(self, other: Self) -> Selfwhere Self: Sized,

Compares and returns the maximum of two values.

fn min(self, other: Self) -> Selfwhere Self: Sized,

Compares and returns the minimum of two values.

fn clamp(self, min: Self, max: Self) -> Selfwhere Self: Sized + PartialOrd<Self>,

Restrict a value to a certain interval.

impl OverflowingAdd for u8

fn overflowing_add(&self, v: &u8) -> (u8, bool)

Returns a tuple of the sum along with a boolean indicating whether an arithmetic overflow would occur. If an overflow would have occurred then the wrapped value is returned.

impl OverflowingMul for u8

fn overflowing_mul(&self, v: &u8) -> (u8, bool)

Returns a tuple of the product along with a boolean indicating whether an arithmetic overflow would occur. If an overflow would have occurred then the wrapped value is returned.

impl OverflowingSub for u8

fn overflowing_sub(&self, v: &u8) -> (u8, bool)

Returns a tuple of the difference along with a boolean indicating whether an arithmetic overflow would occur. If an overflow would have occurred then the wrapped value is returned.

impl Overlap<Interval<u8>> for u8

fn overlap(&self, other: &Interval<u8>) -> bool

impl Overlap<IntervalSet<u8>> for u8

fn overlap(&self, other: &IntervalSet<u8>) -> bool

impl<T> Overlap<Optional<T>> for u8where T: Overlap<u8>,

fn overlap(&self, other: &Optional<T>) -> bool

impl Overlap<u8> for u8

fn overlap(&self, value: &u8) -> bool

impl<'a> Parse<'a> for u8

fn parse(parser: Parser<'a>) -> Result<u8, Error>

Attempts to parse Self from parser, returning an error if it could not be parsed.

impl ParseHex for u8

fn parse_hex(input: &str) -> Result<u8, ParseError>

Parse the value from hex.

impl<I, E> Parser<I, u8, E> for u8where I: StreamIsPartial + Stream<Token = u8>, E: ParserError<I>,

This is a shortcut for [one_of][crate::token::one_of].

Example

fn parser<'s>(i: &mut &'s [u8]) -> PResult<u8, InputError<&'s [u8]>>  {
    b'a'.parse_next(i)
}
assert_eq!(parser.parse_peek(&b"abc"[..]), Ok((&b"bc"[..], b'a')));
assert_eq!(parser.parse_peek(&b" abc"[..]), Err(ErrMode::Backtrack(InputError::new(&b" abc"[..], ErrorKind::Verify))));
assert_eq!(parser.parse_peek(&b"bc"[..]), Err(ErrMode::Backtrack(InputError::new(&b"bc"[..], ErrorKind::Verify))));
assert_eq!(parser.parse_peek(&b""[..]), Err(ErrMode::Backtrack(InputError::new(&b""[..], ErrorKind::Token))));

fn parse_next(&mut self, i: &mut I) -> Result<u8, ErrMode<E>>

Take tokens from the [Stream], turning it into the output

fn parse_peek(&mut self, input: I) -> Result<(I, O), ErrMode<E>>

Take tokens from the [Stream], turning it into the output

fn by_ref(&mut self) -> ByRef<'_, Self>where Self: Sized,

Treat &mut Self as a parser

fn value<O2>(self, val: O2) -> Value<Self, I, O, O2, E>where Self: Sized, O2: Clone,

Produce the provided value

fn void(self) -> Void<Self, I, O, E>where Self: Sized,

Discards the output of the Parser

fn output_into<O2>(self) -> OutputInto<Self, I, O, O2, E>where Self: Sized, O: Into<O2>,

Convert the parser’s output to another type using std::convert::From

fn recognize(self) -> Recognize<Self, I, O, E>where Self: Sized, I: Stream,

Produce the consumed input as produced value.

fn with_recognized(self) -> WithRecognized<Self, I, O, E>where Self: Sized, I: Stream,

Produce the consumed input with the output

fn map<G, O2>(self, map: G) -> Map<Self, G, I, O, O2, E>where G: Fn(O) -> O2, Self: Sized,

Maps a function over the output of a parser

fn try_map<G, O2, E2>(self, map: G) -> TryMap<Self, G, I, O, O2, E, E2>where Self: Sized, G: FnMut(O) -> Result<O2, E2>, I: Stream, E: FromExternalError<I, E2>,

Applies a function returning a Result over the output of a parser.

fn verify_map<G, O2>(self, map: G) -> VerifyMap<Self, G, I, O, O2, E>where Self: Sized, G: FnMut(O) -> Option<O2>, I: Stream, E: ParserError<I>,

Apply both [Parser::verify] and [Parser::map].

fn flat_map<G, H, O2>(self, map: G) -> FlatMap<Self, G, H, I, O, O2, E>where Self: Sized, G: FnMut(O) -> H, H: Parser<I, O2, E>,

Creates a parser from the output of this one

fn parse_to<O2>(self) -> ParseTo<Self, I, O, O2, E>where Self: Sized, I: Stream, O: ParseSlice<O2>, E: ParserError<I>,

Apply std::str::FromStr to the output of the parser

fn verify<G, O2>(self, filter: G) -> Verify<Self, G, I, O, O2, E>where Self: Sized, G: Fn(&O2) -> bool, I: Stream, O: Borrow<O2>, E: ParserError<I>, O2: ?Sized,

Returns the output of the child parser if it satisfies a verification function.

fn context<C>(self, context: C) -> Context<Self, I, O, E, C>where Self: Sized, I: Stream, E: AddContext<I, C>, C: Clone + Debug,

If parsing fails, add context to the error

fn complete_err(self) -> CompleteErr<Self>where Self: Sized,

Transforms [Incomplete][crate::error::ErrMode::Incomplete] into [Backtrack][crate::error::ErrMode::Backtrack]

fn err_into<E2>(self) -> ErrInto<Self, I, O, E, E2>where Self: Sized, E: Into<E2>,

Convert the parser’s error to another type using std::convert::From

impl PartialEq<Value> for u8

fn eq(&self, other: &Value) -> bool

This method tests for self and other values to be equal, and is used by ==.

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for !=. The default implementation is almost always sufficient, and should not be overridden without very good reason.

impl PartialEq<u8> for u8

fn eq(&self, other: &u8) -> bool

This method tests for self and other values to be equal, and is used by ==.

fn ne(&self, other: &u8) -> bool

This method tests for !=. The default implementation is almost always sufficient, and should not be overridden without very good reason.

impl PartialOrd<u8> for u8

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &u8) -> Option<Ordering>

This method returns an ordering between self and other values if one exists.

fn lt(&self, other: &u8) -> bool

This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator.

fn le(&self, other: &u8) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator.

fn ge(&self, other: &u8) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator.

fn gt(&self, other: &u8) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator.

impl Peek for u8

fn peek(cursor: Cursor<'_>) -> Result<bool, Error>

Tests to see whether this token is the first token within the [Cursor] specified.

fn display() -> &'static str

Returns a human-readable name of this token to display when generating errors about this token missing.

fn peek2(cursor: Cursor<'_>) -> Result<bool, Error>

The same as peek, except it checks the token immediately following the current token.

impl<'a> Pow<&'a u16> for u8

type Output = u8

The result after applying the operator.

fn pow(self, rhs: &'a u16) -> u8

Returns self to the power rhs.

impl<'a> Pow<&'a u32> for u8

type Output = u8

The result after applying the operator.

fn pow(self, rhs: &'a u32) -> u8

Returns self to the power rhs.

impl<'a> Pow<&'a u8> for u8

type Output = u8

The result after applying the operator.

fn pow(self, rhs: &'a u8) -> u8

Returns self to the power rhs.

impl<'a> Pow<&'a usize> for u8

type Output = u8

The result after applying the operator.

fn pow(self, rhs: &'a usize) -> u8

Returns self to the power rhs.

impl<U> Pow<PInt<U>> for u8where U: Unsigned + NonZero,

type Output = u8

The result of the exponentiation.

fn powi(self, _: PInt<U>) -> <u8 as Pow<PInt<U>>>::Output

This function isn’t used in this crate, but may be useful for others. It is implemented for primitives.

impl<U, B> Pow<UInt<U, B>> for u8where U: Unsigned, B: Bit,

type Output = u8

The result of the exponentiation.

fn powi(self, _: UInt<U, B>) -> <u8 as Pow<UInt<U, B>>>::Output

This function isn’t used in this crate, but may be useful for others. It is implemented for primitives.

impl Pow<UTerm> for u8

type Output = u8

The result of the exponentiation.

fn powi(self, _: UTerm) -> <u8 as Pow<UTerm>>::Output

This function isn’t used in this crate, but may be useful for others. It is implemented for primitives.

impl Pow<Z0> for u8

type Output = u8

The result of the exponentiation.

fn powi(self, _: Z0) -> <u8 as Pow<Z0>>::Output

This function isn’t used in this crate, but may be useful for others. It is implemented for primitives.

impl Pow<u16> for u8

type Output = u8

The result after applying the operator.

fn pow(self, rhs: u16) -> u8

Returns self to the power rhs.

impl Pow<u32> for u8

type Output = u8

The result after applying the operator.

fn pow(self, rhs: u32) -> u8

Returns self to the power rhs.

impl Pow<u8> for u8

type Output = u8

The result after applying the operator.

fn pow(self, rhs: u8) -> u8

Returns self to the power rhs.

impl Pow<usize> for u8

type Output = u8

The result after applying the operator.

fn pow(self, rhs: usize) -> u8

Returns self to the power rhs.

impl PrimInt for u8

fn count_ones(self) -> u32

Returns the number of ones in the binary representation of self.

fn count_zeros(self) -> u32

Returns the number of zeros in the binary representation of self.

fn leading_ones(self) -> u32

Returns the number of leading ones in the binary representation of self.

fn leading_zeros(self) -> u32

Returns the number of leading zeros in the binary representation of self.

fn trailing_ones(self) -> u32

Returns the number of trailing ones in the binary representation of self.

fn trailing_zeros(self) -> u32

Returns the number of trailing zeros in the binary representation of self.

fn rotate_left(self, n: u32) -> u8

Shifts the bits to the left by a specified amount, n, wrapping the truncated bits to the end of the resulting integer.

fn rotate_right(self, n: u32) -> u8

Shifts the bits to the right by a specified amount, n, wrapping the truncated bits to the beginning of the resulting integer.

fn signed_shl(self, n: u32) -> u8

Shifts the bits to the left by a specified amount, n, filling zeros in the least significant bits.

fn signed_shr(self, n: u32) -> u8

Shifts the bits to the right by a specified amount, n, copying the “sign bit” in the most significant bits even for unsigned types.

fn unsigned_shl(self, n: u32) -> u8

Shifts the bits to the left by a specified amount, n, filling zeros in the least significant bits.

fn unsigned_shr(self, n: u32) -> u8

Shifts the bits to the right by a specified amount, n, filling zeros in the most significant bits.

fn swap_bytes(self) -> u8

Reverses the byte order of the integer.

fn reverse_bits(self) -> u8

Reverses the order of bits in the integer.

fn from_be(x: u8) -> u8

Convert an integer from big endian to the target’s endianness.

fn from_le(x: u8) -> u8

Convert an integer from little endian to the target’s endianness.

fn to_be(self) -> u8

Convert self to big endian from the target’s endianness.

fn to_le(self) -> u8

Convert self to little endian from the target’s endianness.

fn pow(self, exp: u32) -> u8

Raises self to the power of exp, using exponentiation by squaring.

impl<'a> Product<&'a u8> for u8

fn product<I>(iter: I) -> u8where I: Iterator<Item = &'a u8>,

Method which takes an iterator and generates Self from the elements by multiplying the items.

impl<'a> Product<&'a u8> for u8

fn product<'b, S>(stream: S) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = u8> + 'b, Global>>where S: Stream<Item = &'a u8> + 'b,

Method which takes a stream and generates Self from the elements by multiplying the items.

impl Product<u8> for u8

fn product<I>(iter: I) -> u8where I: Iterator<Item = u8>,

Method which takes an iterator and generates Self from the elements by multiplying the items.

impl Product<u8> for u8

fn product<'a, S>(stream: S) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = u8> + 'a, Global>>where S: Stream<Item = u8> + 'a,

Method which takes a stream and generates Self from the elements by multiplying the items.

impl ProperSubset<u8> for u8

fn is_proper_subset(&self, _value: &u8) -> bool

impl<'a> Rem<&'a Complex<u8>> for u8

type Output = Complex<u8>

The resulting type after applying the % operator.

fn rem(self, other: &Complex<u8>) -> Complex<u8>

Performs the % operation.

impl Rem<&BigInt> for u8

type Output = BigInt

The resulting type after applying the % operator.

fn rem(self, other: &BigInt) -> BigInt

Performs the % operation.

impl Rem<&BigUint> for u8

type Output = BigUint

The resulting type after applying the % operator.

fn rem(self, other: &BigUint) -> BigUint

Performs the % operation.

impl Rem<&u8> for u8

type Output = <u8 as Rem<u8>>::Output

The resulting type after applying the % operator.

fn rem(self, other: &u8) -> <u8 as Rem<u8>>::Output

Performs the % operation.

impl Rem<BigInt> for u8

type Output = BigInt

The resulting type after applying the % operator.

fn rem(self, other: BigInt) -> BigInt

Performs the % operation.

impl Rem<BigUint> for u8

type Output = BigUint

The resulting type after applying the % operator.

fn rem(self, other: BigUint) -> BigUint

Performs the % operation.

impl Rem<Complex<u8>> for u8

type Output = Complex<u8>

The resulting type after applying the % operator.

fn rem(self, other: Complex<u8>) -> <u8 as Rem<Complex<u8>>>::Output

Performs the % operation.

impl Rem<NonZeroU8> for u8

fn rem(self, other: NonZeroU8) -> u8

This operation satisfies n % d == n - (n / d) * d, and cannot panic.

type Output = u8

The resulting type after applying the % operator.

impl Rem<u8> for u8

This operation satisfies n % d == n - (n / d) * d. The result has the same sign as the left operand.

Panics

This operation will panic if other == 0.

type Output = u8

The resulting type after applying the % operator.

fn rem(self, other: u8) -> u8

Performs the % operation.

impl RemAssign<&BigUint> for u8

fn rem_assign(&mut self, other: &BigUint)

Performs the %= operation.

impl RemAssign<&u8> for u8

fn rem_assign(&mut self, other: &u8)

Performs the %= operation.

impl RemAssign<BigUint> for u8

fn rem_assign(&mut self, other: BigUint)

Performs the %= operation.

impl RemAssign<u8> for u8

fn rem_assign(&mut self, other: u8)

Performs the %= operation.

impl Roots for u8

fn nth_root(&self, n: u32) -> u8

Returns the truncated principal nth root of an integer – if x >= 0 { ⌊ⁿ√x⌋ } else { ⌈ⁿ√x⌉ }

fn sqrt(&self) -> u8

Returns the truncated principal square root of an integer – ⌊√x⌋

fn cbrt(&self) -> u8

Returns the truncated principal cube root of an integer – if x >= 0 { ⌊∛x⌋ } else { ⌈∛x⌉ }

impl SampleUniform for u8

type Sampler = UniformInt<u8>

The UniformSampler implementation supporting type X.

impl SampleUniform for u8

type Sampler = UniformInt<u8>

The UniformSampler implementation supporting type X.

impl SampleUniform for u8

type Sampler = UniformInt<u8>

The UniformSampler implementation supporting type X.

impl Saturating for u8

fn saturating_add(self, v: u8) -> u8

Saturating addition operator. Returns a+b, saturating at the numeric bounds instead of overflowing.

fn saturating_sub(self, v: u8) -> u8

Saturating subtraction operator. Returns a-b, saturating at the numeric bounds instead of overflowing.

impl SaturatingAdd for u8

fn saturating_add(&self, v: &u8) -> u8

Saturating addition. Computes self + other, saturating at the relevant high or low boundary of the type.

impl SaturatingMul for u8

fn saturating_mul(&self, v: &u8) -> u8

Saturating multiplication. Computes self * other, saturating at the relevant high or low boundary of the type.

impl SaturatingSub for u8

fn saturating_sub(&self, v: &u8) -> u8

Saturating subtraction. Computes self - other, saturating at the relevant high or low boundary of the type.

impl<S> Serialize<S> for u8where S: Fallible + ?Sized,

fn serialize( &self, _: &mut S ) -> Result<<u8 as Archive>::Resolver, <S as Fallible>::Error>

Writes the dependencies for the object and returns a resolver that can create the archived type.

impl Serialize for u8

fn serialize<S>( &self, serializer: S ) -> Result<<S as Serializer>::Ok, <S as Serializer>::Error>where S: Serializer,

Serialize this value into the given Serde serializer.

impl Shl<&i128> for u8

type Output = <u8 as Shl<i128>>::Output

The resulting type after applying the << operator.

fn shl(self, other: &i128) -> <u8 as Shl<i128>>::Output

Performs the << operation.

impl Shl<&i16> for u8

type Output = <u8 as Shl<i16>>::Output

The resulting type after applying the << operator.

fn shl(self, other: &i16) -> <u8 as Shl<i16>>::Output

Performs the << operation.

impl Shl<&i32> for u8

type Output = <u8 as Shl<i32>>::Output

The resulting type after applying the << operator.

fn shl(self, other: &i32) -> <u8 as Shl<i32>>::Output

Performs the << operation.

impl Shl<&i64> for u8

type Output = <u8 as Shl<i64>>::Output

The resulting type after applying the << operator.

fn shl(self, other: &i64) -> <u8 as Shl<i64>>::Output

Performs the << operation.

impl Shl<&i8> for u8

type Output = <u8 as Shl<i8>>::Output

The resulting type after applying the << operator.

fn shl(self, other: &i8) -> <u8 as Shl<i8>>::Output

Performs the << operation.

impl Shl<&isize> for u8

type Output = <u8 as Shl<isize>>::Output

The resulting type after applying the << operator.

fn shl(self, other: &isize) -> <u8 as Shl<isize>>::Output

Performs the << operation.

impl Shl<&u128> for u8

type Output = <u8 as Shl<u128>>::Output

The resulting type after applying the << operator.

fn shl(self, other: &u128) -> <u8 as Shl<u128>>::Output

Performs the << operation.

impl Shl<&u16> for u8

type Output = <u8 as Shl<u16>>::Output

The resulting type after applying the << operator.

fn shl(self, other: &u16) -> <u8 as Shl<u16>>::Output

Performs the << operation.

impl Shl<&u32> for u8

type Output = <u8 as Shl<u32>>::Output

The resulting type after applying the << operator.

fn shl(self, other: &u32) -> <u8 as Shl<u32>>::Output

Performs the << operation.

impl Shl<&u64> for u8

type Output = <u8 as Shl<u64>>::Output

The resulting type after applying the << operator.

fn shl(self, other: &u64) -> <u8 as Shl<u64>>::Output

Performs the << operation.

impl Shl<&u8> for u8

type Output = <u8 as Shl<u8>>::Output

The resulting type after applying the << operator.

fn shl(self, other: &u8) -> <u8 as Shl<u8>>::Output

Performs the << operation.

impl Shl<&usize> for u8

type Output = <u8 as Shl<usize>>::Output

The resulting type after applying the << operator.

fn shl(self, other: &usize) -> <u8 as Shl<usize>>::Output

Performs the << operation.

impl Shl<i128> for u8

type Output = u8

The resulting type after applying the << operator.

fn shl(self, other: i128) -> u8

Performs the << operation.

impl Shl<i16> for u8

type Output = u8

The resulting type after applying the << operator.

fn shl(self, other: i16) -> u8

Performs the << operation.

impl Shl<i32> for u8

type Output = u8

The resulting type after applying the << operator.

fn shl(self, other: i32) -> u8

Performs the << operation.

impl Shl<i64> for u8

type Output = u8

The resulting type after applying the << operator.

fn shl(self, other: i64) -> u8

Performs the << operation.

impl Shl<i8> for u8

type Output = u8

The resulting type after applying the << operator.

fn shl(self, other: i8) -> u8

Performs the << operation.

impl Shl<isize> for u8

type Output = u8

The resulting type after applying the << operator.

fn shl(self, other: isize) -> u8

Performs the << operation.

impl Shl<u128> for u8

type Output = u8

The resulting type after applying the << operator.

fn shl(self, other: u128) -> u8

Performs the << operation.

impl Shl<u16> for u8

type Output = u8

The resulting type after applying the << operator.

fn shl(self, other: u16) -> u8

Performs the << operation.

impl Shl<u32> for u8

type Output = u8

The resulting type after applying the << operator.

fn shl(self, other: u32) -> u8

Performs the << operation.

impl Shl<u64> for u8

type Output = u8

The resulting type after applying the << operator.

fn shl(self, other: u64) -> u8

Performs the << operation.

impl Shl<u8> for u8

type Output = u8

The resulting type after applying the << operator.

fn shl(self, other: u8) -> u8

Performs the << operation.

impl Shl<usize> for u8

type Output = u8

The resulting type after applying the << operator.

fn shl(self, other: usize) -> u8

Performs the << operation.

impl ShlAssign<&i128> for u8

fn shl_assign(&mut self, other: &i128)

Performs the <<= operation.

impl ShlAssign<&i16> for u8

fn shl_assign(&mut self, other: &i16)

Performs the <<= operation.

impl ShlAssign<&i32> for u8

fn shl_assign(&mut self, other: &i32)

Performs the <<= operation.

impl ShlAssign<&i64> for u8

fn shl_assign(&mut self, other: &i64)

Performs the <<= operation.

impl ShlAssign<&i8> for u8

fn shl_assign(&mut self, other: &i8)

Performs the <<= operation.

impl ShlAssign<&isize> for u8

fn shl_assign(&mut self, other: &isize)

Performs the <<= operation.

impl ShlAssign<&u128> for u8

fn shl_assign(&mut self, other: &u128)

Performs the <<= operation.

impl ShlAssign<&u16> for u8

fn shl_assign(&mut self, other: &u16)

Performs the <<= operation.

impl ShlAssign<&u32> for u8

fn shl_assign(&mut self, other: &u32)

Performs the <<= operation.

impl ShlAssign<&u64> for u8

fn shl_assign(&mut self, other: &u64)

Performs the <<= operation.

impl ShlAssign<&u8> for u8

fn shl_assign(&mut self, other: &u8)

Performs the <<= operation.

impl ShlAssign<&usize> for u8

fn shl_assign(&mut self, other: &usize)

Performs the <<= operation.

impl ShlAssign<i128> for u8

fn shl_assign(&mut self, other: i128)

Performs the <<= operation.

impl ShlAssign<i16> for u8

fn shl_assign(&mut self, other: i16)

Performs the <<= operation.

impl ShlAssign<i32> for u8

fn shl_assign(&mut self, other: i32)

Performs the <<= operation.

impl ShlAssign<i64> for u8

fn shl_assign(&mut self, other: i64)

Performs the <<= operation.

impl ShlAssign<i8> for u8

fn shl_assign(&mut self, other: i8)

Performs the <<= operation.

impl ShlAssign<isize> for u8

fn shl_assign(&mut self, other: isize)

Performs the <<= operation.

impl ShlAssign<u128> for u8

fn shl_assign(&mut self, other: u128)

Performs the <<= operation.

impl ShlAssign<u16> for u8

fn shl_assign(&mut self, other: u16)

Performs the <<= operation.

impl ShlAssign<u32> for u8

fn shl_assign(&mut self, other: u32)

Performs the <<= operation.

impl ShlAssign<u64> for u8

fn shl_assign(&mut self, other: u64)

Performs the <<= operation.

impl ShlAssign<u8> for u8

fn shl_assign(&mut self, other: u8)

Performs the <<= operation.

impl ShlAssign<usize> for u8

fn shl_assign(&mut self, other: usize)

Performs the <<= operation.

impl Shr<&i128> for u8

type Output = <u8 as Shr<i128>>::Output

The resulting type after applying the >> operator.

fn shr(self, other: &i128) -> <u8 as Shr<i128>>::Output

Performs the >> operation.

impl Shr<&i16> for u8

type Output = <u8 as Shr<i16>>::Output

The resulting type after applying the >> operator.

fn shr(self, other: &i16) -> <u8 as Shr<i16>>::Output

Performs the >> operation.

impl Shr<&i32> for u8

type Output = <u8 as Shr<i32>>::Output

The resulting type after applying the >> operator.

fn shr(self, other: &i32) -> <u8 as Shr<i32>>::Output

Performs the >> operation.

impl Shr<&i64> for u8

type Output = <u8 as Shr<i64>>::Output

The resulting type after applying the >> operator.

fn shr(self, other: &i64) -> <u8 as Shr<i64>>::Output

Performs the >> operation.

impl Shr<&i8> for u8

type Output = <u8 as Shr<i8>>::Output

The resulting type after applying the >> operator.

fn shr(self, other: &i8) -> <u8 as Shr<i8>>::Output

Performs the >> operation.

impl Shr<&isize> for u8

type Output = <u8 as Shr<isize>>::Output

The resulting type after applying the >> operator.

fn shr(self, other: &isize) -> <u8 as Shr<isize>>::Output

Performs the >> operation.

impl Shr<&u128> for u8

type Output = <u8 as Shr<u128>>::Output

The resulting type after applying the >> operator.

fn shr(self, other: &u128) -> <u8 as Shr<u128>>::Output

Performs the >> operation.

impl Shr<&u16> for u8

type Output = <u8 as Shr<u16>>::Output

The resulting type after applying the >> operator.

fn shr(self, other: &u16) -> <u8 as Shr<u16>>::Output

Performs the >> operation.

impl Shr<&u32> for u8

type Output = <u8 as Shr<u32>>::Output

The resulting type after applying the >> operator.

fn shr(self, other: &u32) -> <u8 as Shr<u32>>::Output

Performs the >> operation.

impl Shr<&u64> for u8

type Output = <u8 as Shr<u64>>::Output

The resulting type after applying the >> operator.

fn shr(self, other: &u64) -> <u8 as Shr<u64>>::Output

Performs the >> operation.

impl Shr<&u8> for u8

type Output = <u8 as Shr<u8>>::Output

The resulting type after applying the >> operator.

fn shr(self, other: &u8) -> <u8 as Shr<u8>>::Output

Performs the >> operation.

impl Shr<&usize> for u8

type Output = <u8 as Shr<usize>>::Output

The resulting type after applying the >> operator.

fn shr(self, other: &usize) -> <u8 as Shr<usize>>::Output

Performs the >> operation.

impl Shr<i128> for u8

type Output = u8

The resulting type after applying the >> operator.

fn shr(self, other: i128) -> u8

Performs the >> operation.

impl Shr<i16> for u8

type Output = u8

The resulting type after applying the >> operator.

fn shr(self, other: i16) -> u8

Performs the >> operation.

impl Shr<i32> for u8

type Output = u8

The resulting type after applying the >> operator.

fn shr(self, other: i32) -> u8

Performs the >> operation.

impl Shr<i64> for u8

type Output = u8

The resulting type after applying the >> operator.

fn shr(self, other: i64) -> u8

Performs the >> operation.

impl Shr<i8> for u8

type Output = u8

The resulting type after applying the >> operator.

fn shr(self, other: i8) -> u8

Performs the >> operation.

impl Shr<isize> for u8

type Output = u8

The resulting type after applying the >> operator.

fn shr(self, other: isize) -> u8

Performs the >> operation.

impl Shr<u128> for u8

type Output = u8

The resulting type after applying the >> operator.

fn shr(self, other: u128) -> u8

Performs the >> operation.

impl Shr<u16> for u8

type Output = u8

The resulting type after applying the >> operator.

fn shr(self, other: u16) -> u8

Performs the >> operation.

impl Shr<u32> for u8

type Output = u8

The resulting type after applying the >> operator.

fn shr(self, other: u32) -> u8

Performs the >> operation.

impl Shr<u64> for u8

type Output = u8

The resulting type after applying the >> operator.

fn shr(self, other: u64) -> u8

Performs the >> operation.

impl Shr<u8> for u8

type Output = u8

The resulting type after applying the >> operator.

fn shr(self, other: u8) -> u8

Performs the >> operation.

impl Shr<usize> for u8

type Output = u8

The resulting type after applying the >> operator.

fn shr(self, other: usize) -> u8

Performs the >> operation.

impl ShrAssign<&i128> for u8

fn shr_assign(&mut self, other: &i128)

Performs the >>= operation.

impl ShrAssign<&i16> for u8

fn shr_assign(&mut self, other: &i16)

Performs the >>= operation.

impl ShrAssign<&i32> for u8

fn shr_assign(&mut self, other: &i32)

Performs the >>= operation.

impl ShrAssign<&i64> for u8

fn shr_assign(&mut self, other: &i64)

Performs the >>= operation.

impl ShrAssign<&i8> for u8

fn shr_assign(&mut self, other: &i8)

Performs the >>= operation.

impl ShrAssign<&isize> for u8

fn shr_assign(&mut self, other: &isize)

Performs the >>= operation.

impl ShrAssign<&u128> for u8

fn shr_assign(&mut self, other: &u128)

Performs the >>= operation.

impl ShrAssign<&u16> for u8

fn shr_assign(&mut self, other: &u16)

Performs the >>= operation.

impl ShrAssign<&u32> for u8

fn shr_assign(&mut self, other: &u32)

Performs the >>= operation.

impl ShrAssign<&u64> for u8

fn shr_assign(&mut self, other: &u64)

Performs the >>= operation.

impl ShrAssign<&u8> for u8

fn shr_assign(&mut self, other: &u8)

Performs the >>= operation.

impl ShrAssign<&usize> for u8

fn shr_assign(&mut self, other: &usize)

Performs the >>= operation.

impl ShrAssign<i128> for u8

fn shr_assign(&mut self, other: i128)

Performs the >>= operation.

impl ShrAssign<i16> for u8

fn shr_assign(&mut self, other: i16)

Performs the >>= operation.

impl ShrAssign<i32> for u8

fn shr_assign(&mut self, other: i32)

Performs the >>= operation.

impl ShrAssign<i64> for u8

fn shr_assign(&mut self, other: i64)

Performs the >>= operation.

impl ShrAssign<i8> for u8

fn shr_assign(&mut self, other: i8)

Performs the >>= operation.

impl ShrAssign<isize> for u8

fn shr_assign(&mut self, other: isize)

Performs the >>= operation.

impl ShrAssign<u128> for u8

fn shr_assign(&mut self, other: u128)

Performs the >>= operation.

impl ShrAssign<u16> for u8

fn shr_assign(&mut self, other: u16)

Performs the >>= operation.

impl ShrAssign<u32> for u8

fn shr_assign(&mut self, other: u32)

Performs the >>= operation.

impl ShrAssign<u64> for u8

fn shr_assign(&mut self, other: u64)

Performs the >>= operation.

impl ShrAssign<u8> for u8

fn shr_assign(&mut self, other: u8)

Performs the >>= operation.

impl ShrAssign<usize> for u8

fn shr_assign(&mut self, other: usize)

Performs the >>= operation.

impl SimdElement for u8

type Mask = i8

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (portable_simd)

The mask element type corresponding to this element type.

impl SimdValue for u8

type Element = u8

The type of the elements of each lane of this SIMD value.

type SimdBool = bool

Type of the result of comparing two SIMD values like self.

fn lanes() -> usize

The number of lanes of this SIMD value.

fn splat(val: <u8 as SimdValue>::Element) -> u8

Initializes an SIMD value with each lanes set to val.

fn extract(&self, _: usize) -> <u8 as SimdValue>::Element

Extracts the i-th lane of self.

unsafe fn extract_unchecked(&self, _: usize) -> <u8 as SimdValue>::Element

Extracts the i-th lane of self without bound-checking.

fn replace(&mut self, _: usize, val: <u8 as SimdValue>::Element)

Replaces the i-th lane of self by val.

unsafe fn replace_unchecked( &mut self, _: usize, val: <u8 as SimdValue>::Element )

Replaces the i-th lane of self by val without bound-checking.

fn select(self, cond: <u8 as SimdValue>::SimdBool, other: u8) -> u8

Merges self and other depending on the lanes of cond.

fn map_lanes(self, f: impl Fn(Self::Element) -> Self::Element) -> Selfwhere Self: Clone,

Applies a function to each lane of self.

fn zip_map_lanes( self, b: Self, f: impl Fn(Self::Element, Self::Element) -> Self::Element ) -> Selfwhere Self: Clone,

Applies a function to each lane of self paired with the corresponding lane of b.

impl Singleton for u8

fn singleton(value: u8) -> u8

impl StateID for u8

fn from_usize(n: usize) -> u8

Convert from a usize to this implementation’s representation.

fn to_usize(self) -> usize

Convert this implementation’s representation to a usize.

fn max_id() -> usize

Return the maximum state identifier supported by this representation.

fn read_bytes(slice: &[u8]) -> u8

Read a single state identifier from the given slice of bytes in native endian format.

fn write_bytes(self, slice: &mut [u8])

Write this state identifier to the given slice of bytes in native endian format.

impl Step for u8

unsafe fn forward_unchecked(start: u8, n: usize) -> u8

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (step_trait)

Returns the value that would be obtained by taking the successor of self count times.

unsafe fn backward_unchecked(start: u8, n: usize) -> u8

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (step_trait)

Returns the value that would be obtained by taking the predecessor of self count times.

fn forward(start: u8, n: usize) -> u8

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (step_trait)

Returns the value that would be obtained by taking the successor of self count times.

fn backward(start: u8, n: usize) -> u8

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (step_trait)

Returns the value that would be obtained by taking the predecessor of self count times.

fn steps_between(start: &u8, end: &u8) -> Option<usize>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (step_trait)

Returns the number of successor steps required to get from start to end.

fn forward_checked(start: u8, n: usize) -> Option<u8>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (step_trait)

Returns the value that would be obtained by taking the successor of self count times.

fn backward_checked(start: u8, n: usize) -> Option<u8>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (step_trait)

Returns the value that would be obtained by taking the predecessor of self count times.

impl<'a> Sub<&'a Complex<u8>> for u8

type Output = Complex<u8>

The resulting type after applying the - operator.

fn sub(self, other: &Complex<u8>) -> Complex<u8>

Performs the - operation.

impl Sub<&BigInt> for u8

type Output = BigInt

The resulting type after applying the - operator.

fn sub(self, other: &BigInt) -> BigInt

Performs the - operation.

impl Sub<&BigUint> for u8

type Output = BigUint

The resulting type after applying the - operator.

fn sub(self, other: &BigUint) -> BigUint

Performs the - operation.

impl Sub<&u8> for u8

type Output = <u8 as Sub<u8>>::Output

The resulting type after applying the - operator.

fn sub(self, other: &u8) -> <u8 as Sub<u8>>::Output

Performs the - operation.

impl Sub<BigInt> for u8

type Output = BigInt

The resulting type after applying the - operator.

fn sub(self, other: BigInt) -> BigInt

Performs the - operation.

impl Sub<BigUint> for u8

type Output = BigUint

The resulting type after applying the - operator.

fn sub(self, other: BigUint) -> BigUint

Performs the - operation.

impl Sub<Complex<u8>> for u8

type Output = Complex<u8>

The resulting type after applying the - operator.

fn sub(self, other: Complex<u8>) -> <u8 as Sub<Complex<u8>>>::Output

Performs the - operation.

impl Sub<Optional<u8>> for u8

type Output = Optional<u8>

The resulting type after applying the - operator.

fn sub(self, other: Optional<u8>) -> <u8 as Sub<Optional<u8>>>::Output

Performs the - operation.

impl Sub<u8> for u8

type Output = u8

The resulting type after applying the - operator.

fn sub(self, other: u8) -> u8

Performs the - operation.

impl Sub<u8x16> for u8

type Output = u8x16

The resulting type after applying the - operator.

fn sub(self, rhs: u8x16) -> <u8 as Sub<u8x16>>::Output

Performs the - operation.

impl SubAssign<&u8> for u8

fn sub_assign(&mut self, other: &u8)

Performs the -= operation.

impl SubAssign<u8> for u8

fn sub_assign(&mut self, other: u8)

Performs the -= operation.

impl Subset<u8> for u8

fn is_subset(&self, value: &u8) -> bool

impl<N2> SubsetOf<AutoSimd<N2>> for u8where AutoSimd<N2>: SimdValue + Copy, <AutoSimd<N2> as SimdValue>::Element: SupersetOf<u8> + PartialEq<<AutoSimd<N2> as SimdValue>::Element>,

fn to_superset(&self) -> AutoSimd<N2>

The inclusion map: converts self to the equivalent element of its superset.

fn from_superset_unchecked(element: &AutoSimd<N2>) -> u8

Use with care! Same as self.to_superset but without any property checks. Always succeeds.

fn is_in_subset(c: &AutoSimd<N2>) -> bool

Checks if element is actually part of the subset Self (and can be converted to it).

fn from_superset(element: &T) -> Option<Self>

The inverse inclusion map: attempts to construct self from the equivalent element of its superset.

impl<N2> SubsetOf<Complex<N2>> for u8where N2: Zero + SupersetOf<u8>,

fn to_superset(&self) -> Complex<N2>

The inclusion map: converts self to the equivalent element of its superset.

fn from_superset_unchecked(element: &Complex<N2>) -> u8

Use with care! Same as self.to_superset but without any property checks. Always succeeds.

fn is_in_subset(c: &Complex<N2>) -> bool

Checks if element is actually part of the subset Self (and can be converted to it).

fn from_superset(element: &T) -> Option<Self>

The inverse inclusion map: attempts to construct self from the equivalent element of its superset.

impl SubsetOf<WideF32x4> for u8

fn to_superset(&self) -> WideF32x4

The inclusion map: converts self to the equivalent element of its superset.

fn from_superset_unchecked(element: &WideF32x4) -> u8

Use with care! Same as self.to_superset but without any property checks. Always succeeds.

fn is_in_subset(c: &WideF32x4) -> bool

Checks if element is actually part of the subset Self (and can be converted to it).

fn from_superset(element: &T) -> Option<Self>

The inverse inclusion map: attempts to construct self from the equivalent element of its superset.

impl SubsetOf<f32> for u8

fn to_superset(&self) -> f32

The inclusion map: converts self to the equivalent element of its superset.

fn from_superset_unchecked(element: &f32) -> u8

Use with care! Same as self.to_superset but without any property checks. Always succeeds.

fn is_in_subset(_: &f32) -> bool

Checks if element is actually part of the subset Self (and can be converted to it).

fn from_superset(element: &T) -> Option<Self>

The inverse inclusion map: attempts to construct self from the equivalent element of its superset.

impl SubsetOf<f64> for u8

fn to_superset(&self) -> f64

The inclusion map: converts self to the equivalent element of its superset.

fn from_superset_unchecked(element: &f64) -> u8

Use with care! Same as self.to_superset but without any property checks. Always succeeds.

fn is_in_subset(_: &f64) -> bool

Checks if element is actually part of the subset Self (and can be converted to it).

fn from_superset(element: &T) -> Option<Self>

The inverse inclusion map: attempts to construct self from the equivalent element of its superset.

impl SubsetOf<i128> for u8

fn to_superset(&self) -> i128

The inclusion map: converts self to the equivalent element of its superset.

fn from_superset_unchecked(element: &i128) -> u8

Use with care! Same as self.to_superset but without any property checks. Always succeeds.

fn is_in_subset(_: &i128) -> bool

Checks if element is actually part of the subset Self (and can be converted to it).

fn from_superset(element: &T) -> Option<Self>

The inverse inclusion map: attempts to construct self from the equivalent element of its superset.

impl SubsetOf<i16> for u8

fn to_superset(&self) -> i16

The inclusion map: converts self to the equivalent element of its superset.

fn from_superset_unchecked(element: &i16) -> u8

Use with care! Same as self.to_superset but without any property checks. Always succeeds.

fn is_in_subset(_: &i16) -> bool

Checks if element is actually part of the subset Self (and can be converted to it).

fn from_superset(element: &T) -> Option<Self>

The inverse inclusion map: attempts to construct self from the equivalent element of its superset.

impl SubsetOf<i32> for u8

fn to_superset(&self) -> i32

The inclusion map: converts self to the equivalent element of its superset.

fn from_superset_unchecked(element: &i32) -> u8

Use with care! Same as self.to_superset but without any property checks. Always succeeds.

fn is_in_subset(_: &i32) -> bool

Checks if element is actually part of the subset Self (and can be converted to it).

fn from_superset(element: &T) -> Option<Self>

The inverse inclusion map: attempts to construct self from the equivalent element of its superset.

impl SubsetOf<i64> for u8

fn to_superset(&self) -> i64

The inclusion map: converts self to the equivalent element of its superset.

fn from_superset_unchecked(element: &i64) -> u8

Use with care! Same as self.to_superset but without any property checks. Always succeeds.

fn is_in_subset(_: &i64) -> bool

Checks if element is actually part of the subset Self (and can be converted to it).

fn from_superset(element: &T) -> Option<Self>

The inverse inclusion map: attempts to construct self from the equivalent element of its superset.

impl SubsetOf<i8> for u8

fn to_superset(&self) -> i8

The inclusion map: converts self to the equivalent element of its superset.

fn from_superset_unchecked(element: &i8) -> u8

Use with care! Same as self.to_superset but without any property checks. Always succeeds.

fn is_in_subset(_: &i8) -> bool

Checks if element is actually part of the subset Self (and can be converted to it).

fn from_superset(element: &T) -> Option<Self>

The inverse inclusion map: attempts to construct self from the equivalent element of its superset.

impl SubsetOf<isize> for u8

fn to_superset(&self) -> isize

The inclusion map: converts self to the equivalent element of its superset.

fn from_superset_unchecked(element: &isize) -> u8

Use with care! Same as self.to_superset but without any property checks. Always succeeds.

fn is_in_subset(_: &isize) -> bool

Checks if element is actually part of the subset Self (and can be converted to it).

fn from_superset(element: &T) -> Option<Self>

The inverse inclusion map: attempts to construct self from the equivalent element of its superset.

impl SubsetOf<u128> for u8

fn to_superset(&self) -> u128

The inclusion map: converts self to the equivalent element of its superset.

fn from_superset_unchecked(element: &u128) -> u8

Use with care! Same as self.to_superset but without any property checks. Always succeeds.

fn is_in_subset(_: &u128) -> bool

Checks if element is actually part of the subset Self (and can be converted to it).

fn from_superset(element: &T) -> Option<Self>

The inverse inclusion map: attempts to construct self from the equivalent element of its superset.

impl SubsetOf<u16> for u8

fn to_superset(&self) -> u16

The inclusion map: converts self to the equivalent element of its superset.

fn from_superset_unchecked(element: &u16) -> u8

Use with care! Same as self.to_superset but without any property checks. Always succeeds.

fn is_in_subset(_: &u16) -> bool

Checks if element is actually part of the subset Self (and can be converted to it).

fn from_superset(element: &T) -> Option<Self>

The inverse inclusion map: attempts to construct self from the equivalent element of its superset.

impl SubsetOf<u32> for u8

fn to_superset(&self) -> u32

The inclusion map: converts self to the equivalent element of its superset.

fn from_superset_unchecked(element: &u32) -> u8

Use with care! Same as self.to_superset but without any property checks. Always succeeds.

fn is_in_subset(_: &u32) -> bool

Checks if element is actually part of the subset Self (and can be converted to it).

fn from_superset(element: &T) -> Option<Self>

The inverse inclusion map: attempts to construct self from the equivalent element of its superset.

impl SubsetOf<u64> for u8

fn to_superset(&self) -> u64

The inclusion map: converts self to the equivalent element of its superset.

fn from_superset_unchecked(element: &u64) -> u8

Use with care! Same as self.to_superset but without any property checks. Always succeeds.

fn is_in_subset(_: &u64) -> bool

Checks if element is actually part of the subset Self (and can be converted to it).

fn from_superset(element: &T) -> Option<Self>

The inverse inclusion map: attempts to construct self from the equivalent element of its superset.

impl SubsetOf<u8> for u8

fn to_superset(&self) -> u8

The inclusion map: converts self to the equivalent element of its superset.

fn from_superset_unchecked(element: &u8) -> u8

Use with care! Same as self.to_superset but without any property checks. Always succeeds.

fn is_in_subset(_: &u8) -> bool

Checks if element is actually part of the subset Self (and can be converted to it).

fn from_superset(element: &T) -> Option<Self>

The inverse inclusion map: attempts to construct self from the equivalent element of its superset.

impl SubsetOf<usize> for u8

fn to_superset(&self) -> usize

The inclusion map: converts self to the equivalent element of its superset.

fn from_superset_unchecked(element: &usize) -> u8

Use with care! Same as self.to_superset but without any property checks. Always succeeds.

fn is_in_subset(_: &usize) -> bool

Checks if element is actually part of the subset Self (and can be converted to it).

fn from_superset(element: &T) -> Option<Self>

The inverse inclusion map: attempts to construct self from the equivalent element of its superset.

impl<'a> Sum<&'a u8> for u8

fn sum<I>(iter: I) -> u8where I: Iterator<Item = &'a u8>,

Method which takes an iterator and generates Self from the elements by “summing up” the items.

impl<'a> Sum<&'a u8> for u8

fn sum<'b, S>(stream: S) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = u8> + 'b, Global>>where S: Stream<Item = &'a u8> + 'b,

Method which takes a stream and generates Self from the elements by “summing up” the items.

impl Sum<u8> for u8

fn sum<I>(iter: I) -> u8where I: Iterator<Item = u8>,

Method which takes an iterator and generates Self from the elements by “summing up” the items.

impl Sum<u8> for u8

fn sum<'a, S>(stream: S) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = u8> + 'a, Global>>where S: Stream<Item = u8> + 'a,

Method which takes a stream and generates Self from the elements by “summing up” the items.

impl ToBigInt for u8

fn to_bigint(&self) -> Option<BigInt>

Converts the value of self to a BigInt.

impl ToBigUint for u8

fn to_biguint(&self) -> Option<BigUint>

Converts the value of self to a BigUint.

impl ToBytes for u8

type Bytes = [u8; 1]

fn to_be_bytes(&self) -> <u8 as ToBytes>::Bytes

Return the memory representation of this number as a byte array in big-endian byte order.

fn to_le_bytes(&self) -> <u8 as ToBytes>::Bytes

Return the memory representation of this number as a byte array in little-endian byte order.

fn to_ne_bytes(&self) -> <u8 as ToBytes>::Bytes

Return the memory representation of this number as a byte array in native byte order.

impl ToPrimitive for u8

fn to_isize(&self) -> Option<isize>

Converts the value of self to an isize. If the value cannot be represented by an isize, then None is returned.

fn to_i8(&self) -> Option<i8>

Converts the value of self to an i8. If the value cannot be represented by an i8, then None is returned.

fn to_i16(&self) -> Option<i16>

Converts the value of self to an i16. If the value cannot be represented by an i16, then None is returned.

fn to_i32(&self) -> Option<i32>

Converts the value of self to an i32. If the value cannot be represented by an i32, then None is returned.

fn to_i64(&self) -> Option<i64>

Converts the value of self to an i64. If the value cannot be represented by an i64, then None is returned.

fn to_i128(&self) -> Option<i128>

Converts the value of self to an i128. If the value cannot be represented by an i128 (i64 under the default implementation), then None is returned.

fn to_usize(&self) -> Option<usize>

Converts the value of self to a usize. If the value cannot be represented by a usize, then None is returned.

fn to_u8(&self) -> Option<u8>

Converts the value of self to a u8. If the value cannot be represented by a u8, then None is returned.

fn to_u16(&self) -> Option<u16>

Converts the value of self to a u16. If the value cannot be represented by a u16, then None is returned.

fn to_u32(&self) -> Option<u32>

Converts the value of self to a u32. If the value cannot be represented by a u32, then None is returned.

fn to_u64(&self) -> Option<u64>

Converts the value of self to a u64. If the value cannot be represented by a u64, then None is returned.

fn to_u128(&self) -> Option<u128>

Converts the value of self to a u128. If the value cannot be represented by a u128 (u64 under the default implementation), then None is returned.

fn to_f32(&self) -> Option<f32>

Converts the value of self to an f32. Overflows may map to positive or negative inifinity, otherwise None is returned if the value cannot be represented by an f32.

fn to_f64(&self) -> Option<f64>

Converts the value of self to an f64. Overflows may map to positive or negative inifinity, otherwise None is returned if the value cannot be represented by an f64.

impl ToSql for u8

fn to_sql(&self) -> Result<ToSqlOutput<'_>, Error>

Converts Rust value to SQLite value

impl ToUsize for u8

fn to_usize(&self) -> usize

converts self to usize

impl ToValue for u8

fn to_value(&self) -> Value<'_>

Perform the conversion.

impl TryFrom<&BigInt> for u8

type Error = TryFromBigIntError<()>

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.

fn try_from(value: &BigInt) -> Result<u8, TryFromBigIntError<()>>

Performs the conversion.

impl TryFrom<&BigUint> for u8

type Error = TryFromBigIntError<()>

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.

fn try_from(value: &BigUint) -> Result<u8, TryFromBigIntError<()>>

Performs the conversion.

impl TryFrom<BigInt> for u8

type Error = TryFromBigIntError<BigInt>

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.

fn try_from(value: BigInt) -> Result<u8, TryFromBigIntError<BigInt>>

Performs the conversion.

impl TryFrom<BigUint> for u8

type Error = TryFromBigIntError<BigUint>

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.

fn try_from(value: BigUint) -> Result<u8, TryFromBigIntError<BigUint>>

Performs the conversion.

impl TryFrom<char> for u8

Maps a char with code point in U+0000..=U+00FF to a byte in 0x00..=0xFF with same value, failing if the code point is greater than U+00FF.

See impl From<u8> for char for details on the encoding.

fn try_from(c: char) -> Result<u8, <u8 as TryFrom<char>>::Error>

Tries to convert a char into a u8.

Examples

let a = 'ÿ'; // U+00FF
let b = 'Ā'; // U+0100
assert_eq!(u8::try_from(a), Ok(0xFF_u8));
assert!(u8::try_from(b).is_err());

type Error = TryFromCharError

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.

impl TryFrom<i128> for u8

fn try_from(u: i128) -> Result<u8, <u8 as TryFrom<i128>>::Error>

Try to create the target number type from a source number type. This returns an error if the source value is outside of the range of the target type.

type Error = TryFromIntError

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.

impl TryFrom<i16> for u8

fn try_from(u: i16) -> Result<u8, <u8 as TryFrom<i16>>::Error>

Try to create the target number type from a source number type. This returns an error if the source value is outside of the range of the target type.

type Error = TryFromIntError

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.

impl TryFrom<i32> for u8

fn try_from(u: i32) -> Result<u8, <u8 as TryFrom<i32>>::Error>

Try to create the target number type from a source number type. This returns an error if the source value is outside of the range of the target type.

type Error = TryFromIntError

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.

impl TryFrom<i64> for u8

fn try_from(u: i64) -> Result<u8, <u8 as TryFrom<i64>>::Error>

Try to create the target number type from a source number type. This returns an error if the source value is outside of the range of the target type.

type Error = TryFromIntError

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.

impl TryFrom<i8> for u8

fn try_from(u: i8) -> Result<u8, <u8 as TryFrom<i8>>::Error>

Try to create the target number type from a source number type. This returns an error if the source value is outside of the range of the target type.

type Error = TryFromIntError

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.

impl TryFrom<isize> for u8

fn try_from(u: isize) -> Result<u8, <u8 as TryFrom<isize>>::Error>

Try to create the target number type from a source number type. This returns an error if the source value is outside of the range of the target type.

type Error = TryFromIntError

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.

impl TryFrom<u128> for u8

fn try_from(u: u128) -> Result<u8, <u8 as TryFrom<u128>>::Error>

Try to create the target number type from a source number type. This returns an error if the source value is outside of the range of the target type.

type Error = TryFromIntError

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.

impl TryFrom<u16> for u8

fn try_from(u: u16) -> Result<u8, <u8 as TryFrom<u16>>::Error>

Try to create the target number type from a source number type. This returns an error if the source value is outside of the range of the target type.

type Error = TryFromIntError

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.

impl TryFrom<u32> for u8

fn try_from(u: u32) -> Result<u8, <u8 as TryFrom<u32>>::Error>

Try to create the target number type from a source number type. This returns an error if the source value is outside of the range of the target type.

type Error = TryFromIntError

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.

impl TryFrom<u64> for u8

fn try_from(u: u64) -> Result<u8, <u8 as TryFrom<u64>>::Error>

Try to create the target number type from a source number type. This returns an error if the source value is outside of the range of the target type.

type Error = TryFromIntError

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.

impl TryFrom<usize> for u8

fn try_from(u: usize) -> Result<u8, <u8 as TryFrom<usize>>::Error>

Try to create the target number type from a source number type. This returns an error if the source value is outside of the range of the target type.

type Error = TryFromIntError

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.

impl UpperExp for u8

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl UpperHex for u8

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl Value for u8

fn record(&self, key: &Field, visitor: &mut dyn Visit)

Visits this value with the given Visitor.

impl WasmerEnv for u8

fn init_with_instance( &mut self, _instance: &Instance ) -> Result<(), HostEnvInitError>

The function that Wasmer will call on your type to let it finish setting up the environment with data from the Instance.

impl Weight for u8

const MAX: u8 = 255u8

Maximum number representable by Self.

const ZERO: u8 = 0u8

Element of Self equivalent to 0.

fn try_from_u32_lossy(n: u32) -> Option<u8>

Produce an instance of Self from a u32 value, or return None if out of range. Loss of precision (where Self is a floating point type) is acceptable.

fn sum(values: &[Self]) -> Self

Sums all values in slice values.

impl Width for u8

type Output = u8

fn max_value() -> u8

fn min_value() -> u8

fn width(lower: &u8, upper: &u8) -> u8

The result might be infinite depending on the underlying type (think about floating types).

impl WrappingAdd for u8

fn wrapping_add(&self, v: &u8) -> u8

Wrapping (modular) addition. Computes self + other, wrapping around at the boundary of the type.

impl WrappingMul for u8

fn wrapping_mul(&self, v: &u8) -> u8

Wrapping (modular) multiplication. Computes self * other, wrapping around at the boundary of the type.

impl WrappingNeg for u8

fn wrapping_neg(&self) -> u8

Wrapping (modular) negation. Computes -self, wrapping around at the boundary of the type.

impl WrappingShl for u8

fn wrapping_shl(&self, rhs: u32) -> u8

Panic-free bitwise shift-left; yields self << mask(rhs), where mask removes any high order bits of rhs that would cause the shift to exceed the bitwidth of the type.

impl WrappingShr for u8

fn wrapping_shr(&self, rhs: u32) -> u8

Panic-free bitwise shift-right; yields self >> mask(rhs), where mask removes any high order bits of rhs that would cause the shift to exceed the bitwidth of the type.

impl WrappingSub for u8

fn wrapping_sub(&self, v: &u8) -> u8

Wrapping (modular) subtraction. Computes self - other, wrapping around at the boundary of the type.

impl WriteHex for u8

fn write_hex<W>(&self, writer: W) -> Result<(), Error>where W: Write,

Write the value as hex.

impl Zero for u8

fn zero() -> u8

Returns the additive identity element of Self, 0.

fn is_zero(&self) -> bool

Returns true if self is equal to the additive identity.

fn set_zero(&mut self)

Sets self to the additive identity element of Self, 0.

impl Zeroable for u8

fn zeroed() -> Self

Calls zeroed.

impl ConstParamTy for u8

impl Copy for u8

impl DefaultIsZeroes for u8

impl Eq for u8

impl Format for u8

Serialize into a u8

impl GroundType for u8

impl HexUint for u8

impl Int for u8

impl Integer for u8

impl Pod for u8

impl Pod for u8

impl Pod for u8

impl PrimitiveSimdValue for u8

impl SimdCast for u8

impl StructuralEq for u8

impl StructuralPartialEq for u8

impl ToFormattedStr for u8

impl TrustedStep for u8

impl Uint for u8

impl Unsigned for u8

impl ValueType for u8

impl Weight for u8